neovim/CONTRIBUTING.md

Contributing to Neovim

Getting started

If you want to help but don't know where to start, here are some low-risk/isolated tasks:

• Try a complexity:low issue.
• Fix bugs found by Clang or Coverity.
• Merge a Vim patch (requires strong familiarity with Vim)
  • NOTE: read the above link before sending improvements to "runtime files" (anything in runtime/).
    • Vimscript and documentation files are (mostly) maintained by Vim, not Nvim.
    • Lua files are maintained by Nvim.

Reporting problems

• Check the FAQ.
• Search existing issues (including closed!)
• Update Neovim to the latest version to see if your problem persists.
• Try to reproduce with nvim --clean ("factory defaults").
• If a specific configuration or plugin is necessary to recreate the problem, use the minimal template in contrib/minimal.lua with nvim --clean -u contrib/minimal.lua after making the necessary changes.
• Bisect your config: disable plugins incrementally, to narrow down the cause of the issue.
• Bisect Neovim's source code to find the cause of a regression, if you can. This is extremely helpful.
• When reporting a crash, include a stacktrace.
• Use ASAN/UBSAN to get detailed errors for segfaults and undefined behavior.
• Check the logs. :edit $NVIM_LOG_FILE
• Include cmake --system-information for build-related issues.

Developer guidelines

• Read :help dev and :help dev-doc if you are working on Nvim core.
• Read :help dev-ui if you are developing a UI.
• Read :help dev-api-client if you are developing an API client.
• Install ninja for faster builds of Nvim.

  sudo apt-get install ninja-build
  make distclean
  make  # Nvim build system uses ninja automatically, if available.
  

• Install ccache for faster rebuilds of Nvim. Nvim will use it automatically if it's found. To disable caching use:

  CCACHE_DISABLE=true make
  

Pull requests (PRs)

• To avoid duplicate work, create a draft pull request.
• Your PR must include test coverage.
• Avoid cosmetic changes to unrelated files in the same commit.
• Use a feature branch instead of the master branch.
• Use a rebase workflow for all PRs.
  • After addressing review comments, it's fine to force-push.

Merging to master

For maintainers: when a PR is ready to merge to master,

• prefer Squash Merge for "single-commit PRs" (when the PR has only one meaningful commit).
• prefer Merge for "multi-commit PRs" (when the PR has multiple meaningful commits).

Stages: Draft and Ready for review

Pull requests have two stages: Draft and Ready for review.

1. Create a Draft PR while you are not requesting feedback as you are still working on the PR.
   • You can skip this if your PR is ready for review.
2. Change your PR to ready when the PR is ready for review.
   • You can convert back to Draft at any time.

Do not add labels like [RFC] or [WIP] in the title to indicate the state of your PR: this just adds noise. Non-Draft PRs are assumed to be open for comments; if you want feedback from specific people, @-mention them in a comment.

Commit messages

Follow the conventional commits guidelines to make reviews easier and to make the VCS/git logs more valuable. The general structure of a commit message is:

<type>([optional scope]): <description>

[optional body]

[optional footer(s)]

• Prefix the commit subject with one of these types:
  • build, ci, docs, feat, fix, perf, refactor, revert, test, vim-patch
  • You can ignore this for "fixup" commits or any commits you expect to be squashed.
• Append optional scope to type such as (lsp), (treesitter), (float), …
• Description shouldn't start with a capital letter or end in a period.
• Use the imperative voice: "Fix bug" rather than "Fixed bug" or "Fixes bug."
• Try to keep the first line under 72 characters.
• A blank line must follow the subject.
• Breaking API changes must be indicated by
  1. "!" after the type/scope, and
  2. a "BREAKING CHANGE" footer describing the change. Example:

     refactor(provider)!: drop support for Python 2
     
     BREAKING CHANGE: refactor to use Python 3 features since Python 2 is no longer supported.
     

News

High level release notes are maintained in news.txt. A PR is not required to add a news item but is generally recommended.

Automated builds (CI)

Each pull request must pass the automated builds on Cirrus CI and GitHub Actions.

• CI builds are compiled with -Werror, so compiler warnings will fail the build.
• If any tests fail, the build will fail. See test/README.md#running-tests to run tests locally.
• CI runs ASan and other analyzers.
  • To run valgrind locally: VALGRIND=1 make test
  • To run ASan/UBSan locally: CC=clang make CMAKE_FLAGS="-DENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=ON". Note that MSVC requires Release or RelWithDebInfo build type to work properly.
• The lint build checks that the code is formatted correctly and passes various linter checks.
• CI for FreeBSD runs on Cirrus CI.
• To see CI results faster in your PR, you can temporarily set TEST_FILE in test.yml.

Clang scan-build

View the Clang report to see potential bugs found by the Clang scan-build analyzer.

• Search the Neovim commit history to find examples:

  git log --oneline --no-merges --grep clang
  

• To verify a fix locally, run scan-build like this:

  rm -rf build/
  scan-build --use-analyzer=/usr/bin/clang make
  

Coverity

Coverity runs against the master build. To view the defects you must request access (Coverity does not have a "public" view), then you will be approved as soon as a maintainer sees the email.

• Use this format for commit messages (where {id} is the CID (Coverity ID); (example)):

  fix(coverity/{id}): {description}
  

• Search the Neovim commit history to find examples:

  git log --oneline --no-merges --grep coverity
  

Sanitizers (ASAN and UBSAN)

ASAN/UBSAN can be used to detect memory errors and other common forms of undefined behavior at runtime in debug builds.

• To build Neovim with sanitizers enabled, use

  rm -rf build && CMAKE_EXTRA_FLAGS="-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang -DENABLE_ASAN_UBSAN=1" make
  

• When running Neovim, use

  ASAN_OPTIONS=log_path=/tmp/nvim_asan nvim args...
  

• If Neovim exits unexpectedly, check /tmp/nvim_asan.{PID} (or your preferred log_path) for log files with error messages.

Coding

Lint

You can run the linter locally by:

make lint

Style

• You can format files by using:

  make format  # or formatc, formatlua
  

  This will format changed Lua and C files with all appropriate flags set.
• Style rules are (mostly) defined by src/uncrustify.cfg which tries to match the style-guide. To use the Nvim gq command with uncrustify:

  if !empty(findfile('src/uncrustify.cfg', ';'))
    setlocal formatprg=uncrustify\ -q\ -l\ C\ -c\ src/uncrustify.cfg\ --no-backup
  endif
  

• There is also .clang-format which has drifted from the style-guide, but is available for reference. To use the Nvim gq command with clang-format:

  if !empty(findfile('.clang-format', ';'))
    setlocal formatprg=clang-format\ -style=file
  endif
  

Navigate

• Set blame.ignoreRevsFile to ignore noisy commits in git blame:

  git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs
  

• Recommendation is to use clangd. Can use the maintained config in nvim-lspconfig/clangd.

• Explore the source code on the web.

Includes

For managing includes in C files, use include-what-you-use.

• Install include-what-you-use
• To see which includes needs fixing use the cmake preset iwyu:

  cmake --preset iwyu
  cmake --build build
  

• There's also a make target that automatically fixes the suggestions from IWYU:

  make iwyu
  

See #549 for more details.

Lua runtime files

Most of the Lua core runtime/ modules are precompiled to bytecode, so changes to those files won't get used unless you rebuild Nvim or by passing --luamod-dev and $VIMRUNTIME. For example, try adding a function to runtime/lua/vim/_editor.lua then:

VIMRUNTIME=./runtime ./build/bin/nvim --luamod-dev

Documentation

Read :help dev-doc to understand the expected documentation style and conventions.

Generating :help

Many :help docs are autogenerated from (C or Lua) docstrings. To generate the documentation run:

make doc

To validate the documentation files, run:

make lintdoc

If you need to modify or debug the documentation flow, these are the main files:

• ./scripts/gen_vimdoc.lua: Main doc generator. Parses C and Lua files to render vimdoc files.

• ./scripts/luacats_parser.lua: Documentation parser for Lua files.

• ./scripts/cdoc_parser.lua: Documentation parser for C files.

• ./scripts/luacats_grammar.lua: Lpeg grammar for LuaCATS

• ./scripts/cdoc_grammar.lua: Lpeg grammar for C doc comments

• ./scripts/gen_eval_files.lua: Generates documentation and Lua type files from metadata files:

  runtime/lua/vim/*     =>  runtime/doc/lua.txt
  runtime/lua/vim/*     =>  runtime/doc/lua.txt
  runtime/lua/vim/lsp/  =>  runtime/doc/lsp.txt
  src/nvim/api/*        =>  runtime/doc/api.txt
  src/nvim/eval.lua     =>  runtime/doc/builtin.txt
  src/nvim/options.lua  =>  runtime/doc/options.txt
  

• ./scripts/lintdoc.lua: Validation and linting of documentation files.

Lua docstrings

Use LuaLS annotations in Lua docstrings to annotate parameter types, return types, etc. See :help dev-lua-doc.

• The template for function documentation is:

  --- {Brief}
  ---
  --- {Long explanation}
  ---
  --- @param arg1 type {description}
  --- @param arg2 type {description}
  --- ...
  ---
  --- @return type {description}
  

• If possible, add type information (table, string, number, ...). Multiple valid types are separated by a bar (string|table). Indicate optional parameters via type|nil.
• If a function in your Lua module should not be documented, add @nodoc.
• If the function is internal or otherwise non-public add @private. - Private functions usually should be underscore-prefixed (named "_foo", not "foo").
• Mark deprecated functions with @deprecated.

Third-party dependencies

To build Nvim using a different commit of a dependency change the appropriate URL in cmake.deps/deps.txt. For example, to use a different version of luajit replace the value in LUAJIT_URL with the wanted commit hash:

LUAJIT_URL https://github.com/LuaJIT/LuaJIT/archive/<sha>.tar.gz

Set DEPS_IGNORE_SHA to TRUE in cmake.deps/CMakeLists.txt to skip hash check from cmake.

Alternatively, you may point the URL as a local path where the repository is. This is convenient when bisecting a problem in a dependency with git bisect. This requires running make distclean the first time once to remove traces of the previous build. Hash checking is always skipped in this case regardless of DEPS_IGNORE_SHA.

LUAJIT_URL /home/user/luajit

Reviewing

Reviewing can be done on GitHub, but you may find it easier to do locally. Using GitHub CLI, you can create a new branch with the contents of a pull request, e.g. #1820:

gh pr checkout https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/1820

Use git log -p master..FETCH_HEAD to list all commits in the feature branch which aren't in the master branch; -p shows each commit's diff. To show the whole surrounding function of a change as context, use the -W argument as well.