neovim/runtime/doc/lua.txt

*lua.txt*    Nvim


                            NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL


Lua engine                                                           *lua* *Lua*

                                       Type |gO| to see the table of contents.

==============================================================================
INTRODUCTION                                                       *lua-intro*

The Lua 5.1 script engine is builtin and always available. Try this command to
get an idea of what lurks beneath: >vim

    :lua vim.print(package.loaded)

Nvim includes a "standard library" |lua-stdlib| for Lua.  It complements the
"editor stdlib" (|builtin-functions| and |Ex-commands|) and the |API|, all of
which can be used from Lua code (|lua-vimscript| |vim.api|). Together these
"namespaces" form the Nvim programming interface.

Lua plugins and user config are automatically discovered and loaded, just like
Vimscript. See |lua-guide| for practical guidance.

You can also run Lua scripts from your shell using the |-l| argument: >
    nvim -l foo.lua [args...]
<
                                                                  *lua-compat*
Lua 5.1 is the permanent interface for Nvim Lua.  Plugins need only consider
Lua 5.1, not worry about forward-compatibility with future Lua versions.  If
Nvim ever ships with Lua 5.4+, a Lua 5.1 compatibility shim will be provided
so that old plugins continue to work transparently.

                                                                  *lua-luajit*
Nvim is built with luajit on platforms which support it, which provides
extra functionality. Lua code in |init.lua| and plugins can assume its presence
on installations on common platforms. For maximum compatibility with less
common platforms, availability can be checked using the `jit` global variable: >lua
  if jit then
    -- code for luajit
  else
    -- code for plain lua 5.1
  end
<
                                                                  *lua-bit*
In particular, the luajit "bit" extension module is _always_ available.
A fallback implementation is included when nvim is built with PUC Lua 5.1,
and will be transparently used when `require("bit")` is invoked.

==============================================================================
LUA CONCEPTS AND IDIOMS                                         *lua-concepts*

Lua is very simple: this means that, while there are some quirks, once you
internalize those quirks, everything works the same everywhere. Scopes
(closures) in particular are very consistent, unlike JavaScript or most other
languages.

Lua has three fundamental mechanisms—one for "each major aspect of
programming": tables, closures, and coroutines.
https://www.lua.org/doc/cacm2018.pdf
- Tables are the "object" or container datastructure: they represent both
  lists and maps, you can extend them to represent your own datatypes and
  change their behavior using |metatable|s (like Python's "datamodel").
- EVERY scope in Lua is a closure: a function is a closure, a module is
  a closure, a `do` block (|lua-do|) is a closure--and they all work the same.
  A Lua module is literally just a big closure discovered on the "path"
  (where your modules are found: |package.cpath|).
- Stackful coroutines enable cooperative multithreading, generators, and
  versatile control for both Lua and its host (Nvim).

                                                                    *iterator*
An iterator is just a function that can be called repeatedly to get the "next"
value of a collection (or any other |iterable|). This interface is expected by
|for-in| loops, produced by |pairs()|, supported by |vim.iter|, etc.
https://www.lua.org/pil/7.1.html

                                                                    *iterable*
An "iterable" is anything that |vim.iter()| can consume: tables, dicts, lists,
iterator functions, tables implementing the |__call()| metamethod, and
|vim.iter()| objects.

                                                               *list-iterator*
Iterators on |lua-list| tables have a "middle" and "end", whereas iterators in
general may be logically infinite. Therefore some |vim.iter| operations (e.g.
|Iter:rev()|) make sense only on list-like tables (which are finite by
definition).

                                                           *lua-function-call*
Lua functions can be called in multiple ways. Consider the function: >lua
    local foo = function(a, b)
        print("A: ", a)
        print("B: ", b)
    end

The first way to call this function is: >lua
    foo(1, 2)
    -- ==== Result ====
    -- A: 1
    -- B: 2

This way of calling a function is familiar from most scripting languages. In
Lua, any missing arguments are passed as `nil`, and extra parameters are
silently discarded. Example: >lua
    foo(1)
    -- ==== Result ====
    -- A: 1
    -- B: nil
<
                                                                      *kwargs*
When calling a function, you can omit the parentheses if the function takes
exactly one string literal (`"foo"`) or table literal (`{1,2,3}`). The latter
is often used to mimic "named parameters" ("kwargs" or "keyword args") as in
languages like Python and C#. Example: >lua
    local func_with_opts = function(opts)
        local will_do_foo = opts.foo
        local filename = opts.filename
        ...
    end

    func_with_opts { foo = true, filename = "hello.world" }
<
There's nothing special going on here except that parentheses are implicitly
added. But visually, this small bit of sugar gets reasonably close to a
"keyword args" interface.

                                                                   *lua-regex*
Lua intentionally does not support regular expressions, instead it has limited
|lua-patterns| which avoid the performance pitfalls of extended regex. Lua
scripts can also use Vim regex via |vim.regex()|.

Examples: >lua

    print(string.match("foo123bar123", "%d+"))
    -- 123
    print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[^%d]+"))
    -- foo
    print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[abc]+"))
    -- ba
    print(string.match("foo.bar", "%.bar"))
    -- .bar

==============================================================================
IMPORTING LUA MODULES                                        *lua-module-load*

Modules are searched for under the directories specified in 'runtimepath', in
the order they appear.  Any "." in the module name is treated as a directory
separator when searching.  For a module `foo.bar`, each directory is searched
for `lua/foo/bar.lua`, then `lua/foo/bar/init.lua`.  If no files are found,
the directories are searched again for a shared library with a name matching
`lua/foo/bar.?`, where `?` is a list of suffixes (such as `so` or `dll`) derived from
the initial value of |package.cpath|. If still no files are found, Nvim falls
back to Lua's default search mechanism. The first script found is run and
`require()` returns the value returned by the script if any, else `true`.

The return value is cached after the first call to `require()` for each module,
with subsequent calls returning the cached value without searching for, or
executing any script. For further details see |require()|.

For example, if 'runtimepath' is `foo,bar` and |package.cpath| was
`./?.so;./?.dll` at startup, `require('mod')` searches these paths in order
and loads the first module found ("first wins"): >
    foo/lua/mod.lua
    foo/lua/mod/init.lua
    bar/lua/mod.lua
    bar/lua/mod/init.lua
    foo/lua/mod.so
    foo/lua/mod.dll
    bar/lua/mod.so
    bar/lua/mod.dll
<
                                                        *lua-package-path*
Nvim automatically adjusts |package.path| and |package.cpath| according to the
effective 'runtimepath' value. Adjustment happens whenever 'runtimepath' is
changed. `package.path` is adjusted by simply appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each directory from 'runtimepath' (`/` is actually the
first character of `package.config`).

Similarly to |package.path|, modified directories from 'runtimepath' are also
added to |package.cpath|. In this case, instead of appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each runtimepath, all unique `?`-containing suffixes of
the existing |package.cpath| are used. Example:

- 1. Given that
   - 'runtimepath' contains `/foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc`;
   - initial |package.cpath| (defined at compile-time or derived from
     `$LUA_CPATH` / `$LUA_INIT`) contains `./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so`.
- 2. It finds `?`-containing suffixes `/?.so`, `/a?d/j/g.elf` and `/?.so`, in
     order: parts of the path starting from the first path component containing
     question mark and preceding path separator.
- 3. The suffix of `/def/?.so`, namely `/?.so` is not unique, as it’s the same
     as the suffix of the first path from |package.path| (i.e. `./?.so`). Which
     leaves `/?.so` and `/a?d/j/g.elf`, in this order.
- 4. 'runtimepath' has three paths: `/foo/bar`, `/xxx;yyy/baz` and `/abc`. The
     second one contains a semicolon which is a paths separator so it is out,
     leaving only `/foo/bar` and `/abc`, in order.
- 5. The cartesian product of paths from 4. and suffixes from 3. is taken,
     giving four variants. In each variant a `/lua` path segment is inserted
     between path and suffix, leaving:
     - `/foo/bar/lua/?.so`
     - `/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
     - `/abc/lua/?.so`
     - `/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
- 6. New paths are prepended to the original |package.cpath|.

The result will look like this: >

    /foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc ('runtimepath')
    × ./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so (package.cpath)
    = /foo/bar/lua/?.so;/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;/abc/lua/?.so;/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so

Note:

- To track 'runtimepath' updates, paths added at previous update are
  remembered and removed at the next update, while all paths derived from the
  new 'runtimepath' are prepended as described above. This allows removing
  paths when path is removed from 'runtimepath', adding paths when they are
  added and reordering |package.path|/|package.cpath| content if 'runtimepath'
  was reordered.

- Although adjustments happen automatically, Nvim does not track current
  values of |package.path| or |package.cpath|. If you happen to delete some
  paths from there you can set 'runtimepath' to trigger an update: >vim
      let &runtimepath = &runtimepath

- Skipping paths from 'runtimepath' which contain semicolons applies both to
  |package.path| and |package.cpath|. Given that there are some badly written
  plugins using shell, which will not work with paths containing semicolons,
  it is better to not have them in 'runtimepath' at all.

==============================================================================
COMMANDS                                                        *lua-commands*

These commands execute a Lua chunk from either the command line (:lua, :luado)
or a file (:luafile) on the given line [range]. As always in Lua, each chunk
has its own scope (closure), so only global variables are shared between
command calls. The |lua-stdlib| modules, user modules, and anything else on
|package.path| are available.

The Lua print() function redirects its output to the Nvim message area, with
arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).

                                                                  *:lua=* *:lua*
:lua {chunk}
    Executes Lua chunk {chunk}. If {chunk} starts with "=" the rest of the
    chunk is evaluated as an expression and printed. `:lua =expr` or `:=expr` is
    equivalent to `:lua print(vim.inspect(expr))`.

    Examples: >vim
        :lua vim.api.nvim_command('echo "Hello, Nvim!"')
<    To see the Lua version: >vim
        :lua print(_VERSION)
<    To see the LuaJIT version: >vim
        :lua =jit.version
<
:{range}lua
    Executes buffer lines in {range} as Lua code. Unlike |:source|, this
    always treats the lines as Lua code.

    Example: select the following code and type ":lua<Enter>" to execute it: >lua
        print(string.format(
            'unix time: %s', os.time()))
<
                                                                *:lua-heredoc*
:lua << [trim] [{endmarker}]
{script}
{endmarker}
    Executes Lua script {script} from within Vimscript. You can omit
    [endmarker] after the "<<" and use a dot "." after {script} (similar to
    |:append|, |:insert|). Refer to |:let-heredoc| for more information.

    Example: >vim
        function! CurrentLineInfo()
        lua << EOF
        local linenr = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
        local curline = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(0, linenr - 1, linenr, false)[1]
        print(string.format('Line [%d] has %d bytes', linenr, #curline))
        EOF
        endfunction
<
    Note that the `local` variables will disappear when the block finishes.
    But not globals.

                                                                      *:luado*
:[range]luado {body}
    Executes Lua chunk "function(line, linenr) {body} end" for each buffer
    line in [range], where `line` is the current line text (without <EOL>),
    and `linenr` is the current line number. If the function returns a string
    that becomes the text of the corresponding buffer line. Default [range] is
    the whole file: "1,$".

    Examples: >vim
        :luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line)

        :lua require"lpeg"
        :lua -- balanced parenthesis grammar:
        :lua bp = lpeg.P{ "(" * ((1 - lpeg.S"()") + lpeg.V(1))^0 * ")" }
        :luado if bp:match(line) then return "=>\t" .. line end
<
                                                                    *:luafile*
:luafile {file}
    Execute Lua script in {file}.
    The whole argument is used as the filename (like |:edit|), spaces do not
    need to be escaped. Alternatively you can |:source| Lua files.

    Examples: >vim
        :luafile script.lua
        :luafile %
<

==============================================================================
luaeval()                                                 *lua-eval*

The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Nvim is
"luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument used
for _A inside expression and returns the result of the expression. It is
semantically equivalent in Lua to: >lua

    local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return "
    function luaeval (expstr, arg)
        local chunk = assert(loadstring(chunkheader .. expstr, "luaeval"))
        return chunk(arg) -- return typval
    end
<
Lua nils, numbers, strings, tables and booleans are converted to their
respective Vimscript types. If a Lua string contains a NUL byte, it will be
converted to a |Blob|. Conversion of other Lua types is an error.

The magic global "_A" contains the second argument to luaeval().

Example: >vim
    :echo luaeval('_A[1] + _A[2]', [40, 2])
    " 42
    :echo luaeval('string.match(_A, "[a-z]+")', 'XYXfoo123')
    " foo
<
                                                         *lua-table-ambiguous*
Lua tables are used as both dictionaries and lists, so it is impossible to
determine whether empty table is meant to be empty list or empty dictionary.
Additionally Lua does not have integer numbers. To distinguish between these
cases there is the following agreement:
                                                                    *lua-list*
0. Empty table is empty list.
1. Table with N consecutive integer indices starting from 1 and ending with
   N is considered a list. See also |list-iterator|.
                                                                    *lua-dict*
2. Table with string keys, none of which contains NUL byte, is considered to
   be a dictionary.
3. Table with string keys, at least one of which contains NUL byte, is also
   considered to be a dictionary, but this time it is converted to
   a |msgpack-special-map|.
                                                             *lua-special-tbl*
4. Table with `vim.type_idx` key may be a dictionary, a list or floating-point
   value:
   - `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.float, [vim.val_idx]=1}` is converted to
     a floating-point 1.0. Note that by default integral Lua numbers are
     converted to |Number|s, non-integral are converted to |Float|s. This
     variant allows integral |Float|s.
   - `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary}` is converted to an empty
     dictionary, `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary, [42]=1, a=2}` is
     converted to a dictionary `{'a': 42}`: non-string keys are ignored.
     Without `vim.type_idx` key tables with keys not fitting in 1., 2. or 3.
     are errors.
   - `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array}` is converted to an empty list. As well
     as `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array, [42]=1}`: integral keys that do not
     form a 1-step sequence from 1 to N are ignored, as well as all
     non-integral keys.

Examples: >vim

    :echo luaeval('math.pi')
    :function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y
    :  return luaeval('(_A.y-_A.x)*math.random()+_A.x', {'x':a:x,'y':a:y})
    :  endfunction
    :echo Rand(1,10)
<
Note: Second argument to `luaeval` is converted ("marshalled") from Vimscript
to Lua, so changes to Lua containers do not affect values in Vimscript. Return
value is also always converted. When converting, |msgpack-special-dict|s are
treated specially.

==============================================================================
Vimscript v:lua interface                                         *v:lua-call*

From Vimscript the special `v:lua` prefix can be used to call Lua functions
which are global or accessible from global tables. The expression >vim
    call v:lua.func(arg1, arg2)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
    return func(...)
where the args are converted to Lua values. The expression >vim
    call v:lua.somemod.func(args)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
    return somemod.func(...)

In addition, functions of packages can be accessed like >vim
    call v:lua.require'mypack'.func(arg1, arg2)
    call v:lua.require'mypack.submod'.func(arg1, arg2)
Note: Only single quote form without parens is allowed. Using
`require"mypack"` or `require('mypack')` as prefixes do NOT work (the latter
is still valid as a function call of itself, in case require returns a useful
value).

The `v:lua` prefix may be used to call Lua functions as |method|s. For
example: >vim
    :eval arg1->v:lua.somemod.func(arg2)
<
You can use `v:lua` in "func" options like 'tagfunc', 'omnifunc', etc.
For example consider the following Lua omnifunc handler: >lua

    function mymod.omnifunc(findstart, base)
      if findstart == 1 then
        return 0
      else
        return {'stuff', 'steam', 'strange things'}
      end
    end
    vim.bo[buf].omnifunc = 'v:lua.mymod.omnifunc'

Note: The module ("mymod" in the above example) must either be a Lua global,
or use require() as shown above to access it from a package.

Note: `v:lua` without a call is not allowed in a Vimscript expression:
|Funcref|s cannot represent Lua functions. The following are errors: >vim

    let g:Myvar = v:lua.myfunc        " Error
    call SomeFunc(v:lua.mycallback)   " Error
    let g:foo = v:lua                 " Error
    let g:foo = v:['lua']             " Error
<
==============================================================================
Lua standard modules                                              *lua-stdlib*

The Nvim Lua "standard library" (stdlib) is the `vim` module, which exposes
various functions and sub-modules. It is always loaded, thus `require("vim")`
is unnecessary.

You can peek at the module properties: >vim

    :lua vim.print(vim)

Result is something like this: >

    {
      _os_proc_children = <function 1>,
      _os_proc_info = <function 2>,
      ...
      api = {
        nvim__id = <function 5>,
        nvim__id_array = <function 6>,
        ...
      },
      deepcopy = <function 106>,
      gsplit = <function 107>,
      ...
    }

To find documentation on e.g. the "deepcopy" function: >vim

    :help vim.deepcopy()

Note that underscore-prefixed functions (e.g. "_os_proc_children") are
internal/private and must not be used by plugins.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.UV                                                   *lua-loop* *vim.uv*

`vim.uv` exposes the "luv" Lua bindings for the libUV library that Nvim uses
for networking, filesystem, and process management, see |luvref.txt|.
In particular, it allows interacting with the main Nvim |luv-event-loop|.

                                                    *E5560* *lua-loop-callbacks*
It is an error to directly invoke `vim.api` functions (except |api-fast|) in
`vim.uv` callbacks. For example, this is an error: >lua

    local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
    timer:start(1000, 0, function()
      vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
    end)
<
To avoid the error use |vim.schedule_wrap()| to defer the callback: >lua

    local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
    timer:start(1000, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
      vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
    end))
<
(For one-shot timers, see |vim.defer_fn()|, which automatically adds the
wrapping.)

Example: repeating timer
    1. Save this code to a file.
    2. Execute it with ":luafile %". >lua

    -- Create a timer handle (implementation detail: uv_timer_t).
    local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
    local i = 0
    -- Waits 1000ms, then repeats every 750ms until timer:close().
    timer:start(1000, 750, function()
      print('timer invoked! i='..tostring(i))
      if i > 4 then
        timer:close()  -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
      end
      i = i + 1
    end)
    print('sleeping');
<
Example: File-change detection                                    *watch-file*
    1. Save this code to a file.
    2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
    3. Use ":Watch %" to watch any file.
    4. Try editing the file from another text editor.
    5. Observe that the file reloads in Nvim (because on_change() calls
       |:checktime|). >lua

    local w = vim.uv.new_fs_event()
    local function on_change(err, fname, status)
      -- Do work...
      vim.api.nvim_command('checktime')
      -- Debounce: stop/start.
      w:stop()
      watch_file(fname)
    end
    function watch_file(fname)
      local fullpath = vim.api.nvim_call_function(
        'fnamemodify', {fname, ':p'})
      w:start(fullpath, {}, vim.schedule_wrap(function(...)
        on_change(...) end))
    end
    vim.api.nvim_command(
      "command! -nargs=1 Watch call luaeval('watch_file(_A)', expand('<args>'))")
<
Example: TCP echo-server                                          *tcp-server*
    1. Save this code to a file.
    2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
    3. Note the port number.
    4. Connect from any TCP client (e.g. "nc 0.0.0.0 36795"): >lua

    local function create_server(host, port, on_connect)
      local server = vim.uv.new_tcp()
      server:bind(host, port)
      server:listen(128, function(err)
        assert(not err, err)  -- Check for errors.
        local sock = vim.uv.new_tcp()
        server:accept(sock)  -- Accept client connection.
        on_connect(sock)  -- Start reading messages.
      end)
      return server
    end
    local server = create_server('0.0.0.0', 0, function(sock)
      sock:read_start(function(err, chunk)
        assert(not err, err)  -- Check for errors.
        if chunk then
          sock:write(chunk)  -- Echo received messages to the channel.
        else  -- EOF (stream closed).
          sock:close()  -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
        end
      end)
    end)
    print('TCP echo-server listening on port: '..server:getsockname().port)
<
Multithreading                                            *lua-loop-threading*

Plugins can perform work in separate (os-level) threads using the threading
APIs in luv, for instance `vim.uv.new_thread`. Note that every thread
gets its own separate Lua interpreter state, with no access to Lua globals
in the main thread. Neither can the state of the editor (buffers, windows,
etc) be directly accessed from threads.

A subset of the `vim.*` API is available in threads. This includes:

- `vim.uv` with a separate event loop per thread.
- `vim.mpack` and `vim.json` (useful for serializing messages between threads)
- `require` in threads can use Lua packages from the global |package.path|
- `print()` and `vim.inspect`
- `vim.diff`
- most utility functions in `vim.*` for working with pure Lua values
  like `vim.split`, `vim.tbl_*`, `vim.list_*`, and so on.
- `vim.is_thread()` returns true from a non-main thread.


==============================================================================
VIM.HIGHLIGHT                                                  *vim.highlight*

Nvim includes a function for highlighting a selection on yank.

To enable it, add the following to your `init.vim`: >vim
    au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank()
<

You can customize the highlight group and the duration of the highlight via: >vim
    au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {higroup="IncSearch", timeout=150}
<

If you want to exclude visual selections from highlighting on yank, use: >vim
    au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {on_visual=false}
<


vim.highlight.on_yank({opts})                        *vim.highlight.on_yank()*
    Highlight the yanked text

    Parameters: ~
      • {opts}  (`table?`) Optional parameters
                • higroup highlight group for yanked region (default
                  "IncSearch")
                • timeout time in ms before highlight is cleared (default 150)
                • on_macro highlight when executing macro (default false)
                • on_visual highlight when yanking visual selection (default
                  true)
                • event event structure (default vim.v.event)
                • priority integer priority (default
                  |vim.highlight.priorities|`.user`)

vim.highlight.priorities                            *vim.highlight.priorities*
    Table with default priorities used for highlighting:
    • `syntax`: `50`, used for standard syntax highlighting
    • `treesitter`: `100`, used for treesitter-based highlighting
    • `semantic_tokens`: `125`, used for LSP semantic token highlighting
    • `diagnostics`: `150`, used for code analysis such as diagnostics
    • `user`: `200`, used for user-triggered highlights such as LSP document
      symbols or `on_yank` autocommands

                                                       *vim.highlight.range()*
vim.highlight.range({bufnr}, {ns}, {higroup}, {start}, {finish}, {opts})
    Apply highlight group to range of text.

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}    (`integer`) Buffer number to apply highlighting to
      • {ns}       (`integer`) Namespace to add highlight to
      • {higroup}  (`string`) Highlight group to use for highlighting
      • {start}    (`integer[]|string`) Start of region as a (line, column)
                   tuple or string accepted by |getpos()|
      • {finish}   (`integer[]|string`) End of region as a (line, column)
                   tuple or string accepted by |getpos()|
      • {opts}     (`table?`) Optional parameters
                   • regtype type of range (see |setreg()|, default charwise)
                   • inclusive boolean indicating whether the range is
                     end-inclusive (default false)
                   • priority number indicating priority of highlight (default
                     priorities.user)


==============================================================================
VIM.DIFF                                                            *vim.diff*

vim.diff({a}, {b}, {opts})                                        *vim.diff()*
    Run diff on strings {a} and {b}. Any indices returned by this function,
    either directly or via callback arguments, are 1-based.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n')
        -- =>
        -- @@ -1 +1,2 @@
        -- -a
        -- +b
        -- +c

        vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n', {result_type = 'indices'})
        -- =>
        -- {
        --   {1, 1, 1, 2}
        -- }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {a}     (`string`) First string to compare
      • {b}     (`string`) Second string to compare
      • {opts}  (`table<string,any>`) Optional parameters:
                • `on_hunk` (callback): Invoked for each hunk in the diff.
                  Return a negative number to cancel the callback for any
                  remaining hunks. Args:
                  • `start_a` (integer): Start line of hunk in {a}.
                  • `count_a` (integer): Hunk size in {a}.
                  • `start_b` (integer): Start line of hunk in {b}.
                  • `count_b` (integer): Hunk size in {b}.
                • `result_type` (string): Form of the returned diff:
                  • "unified": (default) String in unified format.
                  • "indices": Array of hunk locations. Note: This option is
                    ignored if `on_hunk` is used.
                • `linematch` (boolean|integer): Run linematch on the
                  resulting hunks from xdiff. When integer, only hunks upto
                  this size in lines are run through linematch. Requires
                  `result_type = indices`, ignored otherwise.
                • `algorithm` (string): Diff algorithm to use. Values:
                  • "myers" the default algorithm
                  • "minimal" spend extra time to generate the smallest
                    possible diff
                  • "patience" patience diff algorithm
                  • "histogram" histogram diff algorithm
                • `ctxlen` (integer): Context length
                • `interhunkctxlen` (integer): Inter hunk context length
                • `ignore_whitespace` (boolean): Ignore whitespace
                • `ignore_whitespace_change` (boolean): Ignore whitespace
                  change
                • `ignore_whitespace_change_at_eol` (boolean) Ignore
                  whitespace change at end-of-line.
                • `ignore_cr_at_eol` (boolean) Ignore carriage return at
                  end-of-line
                • `ignore_blank_lines` (boolean) Ignore blank lines
                • `indent_heuristic` (boolean): Use the indent heuristic for
                  the internal diff library.

    Return: ~
        (`string|table?`) See {opts.result_type}. `nil` if {opts.on_hunk} is
        given.


==============================================================================
VIM.MPACK                                                          *vim.mpack*

This module provides encoding and decoding of Lua objects to and from
msgpack-encoded strings. Supports |vim.NIL| and |vim.empty_dict()|.


vim.mpack.decode({str})                                   *vim.mpack.decode()*
    Decodes (or "unpacks") the msgpack-encoded {str} to a Lua object.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

vim.mpack.encode({obj})                                   *vim.mpack.encode()*
    Encodes (or "packs") Lua object {obj} as msgpack in a Lua string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {obj}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`)


==============================================================================
VIM.JSON                                                            *vim.json*

This module provides encoding and decoding of Lua objects to and from
JSON-encoded strings. Supports |vim.NIL| and |vim.empty_dict()|.


vim.json.decode({str}, {opts})                             *vim.json.decode()*
    Decodes (or "unpacks") the JSON-encoded {str} to a Lua object.
    • Decodes JSON "null" as |vim.NIL| (controllable by {opts}, see below).
    • Decodes empty object as |vim.empty_dict()|.
    • Decodes empty array as `{}` (empty Lua table).

    Example: >lua
        vim.print(vim.json.decode('{"bar":[],"foo":{},"zub":null}'))
        -- { bar = {}, foo = vim.empty_dict(), zub = vim.NIL }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}   (`string`) Stringified JSON data.
      • {opts}  (`table<string,any>?`) Options table with keys:
                • luanil: (table) Table with keys:
                  • object: (boolean) When true, converts `null` in JSON
                    objects to Lua `nil` instead of |vim.NIL|.
                  • array: (boolean) When true, converts `null` in JSON arrays
                    to Lua `nil` instead of |vim.NIL|.

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

vim.json.encode({obj})                                     *vim.json.encode()*
    Encodes (or "packs") Lua object {obj} as JSON in a Lua string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {obj}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`)


==============================================================================
VIM.BASE64                                                        *vim.base64*

vim.base64.decode({str})                                 *vim.base64.decode()*
    Decode a Base64 encoded string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) Base64 encoded string

    Return: ~
        (`string`) Decoded string

vim.base64.encode({str})                                 *vim.base64.encode()*
    Encode {str} using Base64.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) String to encode

    Return: ~
        (`string`) Encoded string


==============================================================================
VIM.SPELL                                                          *vim.spell*

vim.spell.check({str})                                     *vim.spell.check()*
    Check {str} for spelling errors. Similar to the Vimscript function
    |spellbadword()|.

    Note: The behaviour of this function is dependent on: 'spelllang',
    'spellfile', 'spellcapcheck' and 'spelloptions' which can all be local to
    the buffer. Consider calling this with |nvim_buf_call()|.

    Example: >lua
        vim.spell.check("the quik brown fox")
        -- =>
        -- {
        --     {'quik', 'bad', 5}
        -- }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`{[1]: string, [2]: string, [3]: string}[]`) List of tuples with
        three items:
        • The badly spelled word.
        • The type of the spelling error: "bad" spelling mistake "rare" rare
          word "local" word only valid in another region "caps" word should
          start with Capital
        • The position in {str} where the word begins.


==============================================================================
VIM                                                              *vim.builtin*


vim.api.{func}({...})                                                *vim.api*
    Invokes Nvim |API| function {func} with arguments {...}.
    Example: call the "nvim_get_current_line()" API function: >lua
        print(tostring(vim.api.nvim_get_current_line()))

vim.NIL                                                              *vim.NIL*
    Special value representing NIL in |RPC| and |v:null| in Vimscript
    conversion, and similar cases. Lua `nil` cannot be used as part of a Lua
    table representing a Dictionary or Array, because it is treated as
    missing: `{"foo", nil}` is the same as `{"foo"}`.

vim.type_idx                                                    *vim.type_idx*
    Type index for use in |lua-special-tbl|. Specifying one of the values from
    |vim.types| allows typing the empty table (it is unclear whether empty Lua
    table represents empty list or empty array) and forcing integral numbers
    to be |Float|. See |lua-special-tbl| for more details.

vim.val_idx                                                      *vim.val_idx*
    Value index for tables representing |Float|s. A table representing
    floating-point value 1.0 looks like this: >lua
        {
          [vim.type_idx] = vim.types.float,
          [vim.val_idx] = 1.0,
        }
<    See also |vim.type_idx| and |lua-special-tbl|.

vim.types                                                          *vim.types*
    Table with possible values for |vim.type_idx|. Contains two sets of
    key-value pairs: first maps possible values for |vim.type_idx| to
    human-readable strings, second maps human-readable type names to values
    for |vim.type_idx|. Currently contains pairs for `float`, `array` and
        `dictionary` types.

    Note: One must expect that values corresponding to `vim.types.float`,
    `vim.types.array` and `vim.types.dictionary` fall under only two following
    assumptions:
    1. Value may serve both as a key and as a value in a table. Given the
       properties of Lua tables this basically means “value is not `nil`”.
    2. For each value in `vim.types` table `vim.types[vim.types[value]]` is the
       same as `value`.
    No other restrictions are put on types, and it is not guaranteed that
    values corresponding to `vim.types.float`, `vim.types.array` and
    `vim.types.dictionary` will not change or that `vim.types` table will only
    contain values for these three types.

                                                   *log_levels* *vim.log.levels*
Log levels are one of the values defined in `vim.log.levels`:

    vim.log.levels.DEBUG
    vim.log.levels.ERROR
    vim.log.levels.INFO
    vim.log.levels.TRACE
    vim.log.levels.WARN
    vim.log.levels.OFF



vim.empty_dict()                                            *vim.empty_dict()*
    Creates a special empty table (marked with a metatable), which Nvim
    converts to an empty dictionary when translating Lua values to Vimscript
    or API types. Nvim by default converts an empty table `{}` without this
    metatable to an list/array.

    Note: If numeric keys are present in the table, Nvim ignores the metatable
    marker and converts the dict to a list/array anyway.

    Return: ~
        (`table`)

vim.iconv({str}, {from}, {to}, {opts})                           *vim.iconv()*
    The result is a String, which is the text {str} converted from encoding
    {from} to encoding {to}. When the conversion fails `nil` is returned. When
    some characters could not be converted they are replaced with "?". The
    encoding names are whatever the iconv() library function can accept, see
    ":Man 3 iconv".

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}   (`string`) Text to convert
      • {from}  (`number`) Encoding of {str}
      • {to}    (`number`) Target encoding
      • {opts}  (`table<string,any>?`)

    Return: ~
        (`string?`) Converted string if conversion succeeds, `nil` otherwise.

vim.in_fast_event()                                      *vim.in_fast_event()*
    Returns true if the code is executing as part of a "fast" event handler,
    where most of the API is disabled. These are low-level events (e.g.
    |lua-loop-callbacks|) which can be invoked whenever Nvim polls for input.
    When this is `false` most API functions are callable (but may be subject
    to other restrictions such as |textlock|).

vim.rpcnotify({channel}, {method}, {args}, {...})            *vim.rpcnotify()*
    Sends {event} to {channel} via |RPC| and returns immediately. If {channel}
    is 0, the event is broadcast to all channels.

    This function also works in a fast callback |lua-loop-callbacks|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {channel}  (`integer`)
      • {method}   (`string`)
      • {args}     (`any[]?`)
      • {...}      (`any?`)

vim.rpcrequest({channel}, {method}, {args}, {...})          *vim.rpcrequest()*
    Sends a request to {channel} to invoke {method} via |RPC| and blocks until
    a response is received.

    Note: NIL values as part of the return value is represented as |vim.NIL|
    special value

    Parameters: ~
      • {channel}  (`integer`)
      • {method}   (`string`)
      • {args}     (`any[]?`)
      • {...}      (`any?`)

vim.schedule({fn})                                            *vim.schedule()*
    Schedules {fn} to be invoked soon by the main event-loop. Useful to avoid
    |textlock| or other temporary restrictions.

    Parameters: ~
      • {fn}  (`function`)

vim.str_byteindex({str}, {index}, {use_utf16})           *vim.str_byteindex()*
    Convert UTF-32 or UTF-16 {index} to byte index. If {use_utf16} is not
    supplied, it defaults to false (use UTF-32). Returns the byte index.

    Invalid UTF-8 and NUL is treated like by |vim.str_byteindex()|. An {index}
    in the middle of a UTF-16 sequence is rounded upwards to the end of that
    sequence.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}        (`string`)
      • {index}      (`number`)
      • {use_utf16}  (`any?`)

vim.str_utf_end({str}, {index})                            *vim.str_utf_end()*
    Gets the distance (in bytes) from the last byte of the codepoint
    (character) that {index} points to.

    Examples: >lua
        -- The character 'æ' is stored as the bytes '\xc3\xa6' (using UTF-8)

        -- Returns 0 because the index is pointing at the last byte of a character
        vim.str_utf_end('æ', 2)

        -- Returns 1 because the index is pointing at the penultimate byte of a character
        vim.str_utf_end('æ', 1)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}    (`string`)
      • {index}  (`number`)

    Return: ~
        (`number`)

vim.str_utf_pos({str})                                     *vim.str_utf_pos()*
    Gets a list of the starting byte positions of each UTF-8 codepoint in the
    given string.

    Embedded NUL bytes are treated as terminating the string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`table`)

vim.str_utf_start({str}, {index})                        *vim.str_utf_start()*
    Gets the distance (in bytes) from the starting byte of the codepoint
    (character) that {index} points to.

    The result can be added to {index} to get the starting byte of a
    character.

    Examples: >lua
        -- The character 'æ' is stored as the bytes '\xc3\xa6' (using UTF-8)

        -- Returns 0 because the index is pointing at the first byte of a character
        vim.str_utf_start('æ', 1)

        -- Returns -1 because the index is pointing at the second byte of a character
        vim.str_utf_start('æ', 2)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}    (`string`)
      • {index}  (`number`)

    Return: ~
        (`number`)

vim.str_utfindex({str}, {index})                          *vim.str_utfindex()*
    Convert byte index to UTF-32 and UTF-16 indices. If {index} is not
    supplied, the length of the string is used. All indices are zero-based.

    Embedded NUL bytes are treated as terminating the string. Invalid UTF-8
    bytes, and embedded surrogates are counted as one code point each. An
    {index} in the middle of a UTF-8 sequence is rounded upwards to the end of
    that sequence.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}    (`string`)
      • {index}  (`number?`)

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`integer`) UTF-32 index
        (`integer`) UTF-16 index

vim.stricmp({a}, {b})                                          *vim.stricmp()*
    Compares strings case-insensitively.

    Parameters: ~
      • {a}  (`string`)
      • {b}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`0|1|-1`) if strings are equal, {a} is greater than {b} or {a} is
        lesser than {b}, respectively.

vim.ui_attach({ns}, {options}, {callback})                   *vim.ui_attach()*
    Attach to ui events, similar to |nvim_ui_attach()| but receive events as
    Lua callback. Can be used to implement screen elements like popupmenu or
    message handling in Lua.

    {options} should be a dictionary-like table, where `ext_...` options
    should be set to true to receive events for the respective external
    element.

    {callback} receives event name plus additional parameters. See
    |ui-popupmenu| and the sections below for event format for respective
    events.

    WARNING: This api is considered experimental. Usability will vary for
    different screen elements. In particular `ext_messages` behavior is
    subject to further changes and usability improvements. This is expected to
    be used to handle messages when setting 'cmdheight' to zero (which is
    likewise experimental).

    Example (stub for a |ui-popupmenu| implementation): >lua
        ns = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace('my_fancy_pum')

        vim.ui_attach(ns, {ext_popupmenu=true}, function(event, ...)
          if event == "popupmenu_show" then
            local items, selected, row, col, grid = ...
            print("display pum ", #items)
          elseif event == "popupmenu_select" then
            local selected = ...
            print("selected", selected)
          elseif event == "popupmenu_hide" then
            print("FIN")
          end
        end)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {ns}        (`integer`)
      • {options}   (`table<string, any>`)
      • {callback}  (`fun()`)

vim.ui_detach({ns})                                          *vim.ui_detach()*
    Detach a callback previously attached with |vim.ui_attach()| for the given
    namespace {ns}.

    Parameters: ~
      • {ns}  (`integer`)

vim.wait({time}, {callback}, {interval}, {fast_only})             *vim.wait()*
    Wait for {time} in milliseconds until {callback} returns `true`.

    Executes {callback} immediately and at approximately {interval}
    milliseconds (default 200). Nvim still processes other events during this
    time.

    Cannot be called while in an |api-fast| event.

    Examples: >lua
        ---
        -- Wait for 100 ms, allowing other events to process
        vim.wait(100, function() end)

        ---
        -- Wait for 100 ms or until global variable set.
        vim.wait(100, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end)

        ---
        -- Wait for 1 second or until global variable set, checking every ~500 ms
        vim.wait(1000, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end, 500)

        ---
        -- Schedule a function to set a value in 100ms
        vim.defer_fn(function() vim.g.timer_result = true end, 100)

        -- Would wait ten seconds if results blocked. Actually only waits  100 ms
        if vim.wait(10000, function() return vim.g.timer_result end) then
          print('Only waiting a little bit of time!')
        end
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {time}       (`integer`) Number of milliseconds to wait
      • {callback}   (`fun(): boolean?`) Optional callback. Waits until
                     {callback} returns true
      • {interval}   (`integer?`) (Approximate) number of milliseconds to wait
                     between polls
      • {fast_only}  (`boolean?`) If true, only |api-fast| events will be
                     processed.

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`boolean`)
        (`-1|-2?`)
        • If {callback} returns `true` during the {time}: `true, nil`
        • If {callback} never returns `true` during the {time}: `false, -1`
        • If {callback} is interrupted during the {time}: `false, -2`
        • If {callback} errors, the error is raised.


==============================================================================
LUA-VIMSCRIPT BRIDGE                                           *lua-vimscript*

Nvim Lua provides an interface or "bridge" to Vimscript variables and
functions, and editor commands and options.

Objects passed over this bridge are COPIED (marshalled): there are no
"references". |lua-guide-variables| For example, using `vim.fn.remove()` on a
Lua list copies the list object to Vimscript and does NOT modify the Lua list: >lua
    local list = { 1, 2, 3 }
    vim.fn.remove(list, 0)
    vim.print(list)  --> "{ 1, 2, 3 }"
<

vim.call({func}, {...})                                           *vim.call()*
    Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
    See also |vim.fn|.
    Equivalent to: >lua
        vim.fn[func]({...})
<
vim.cmd({command})
    See |vim.cmd()|.

vim.fn.{func}({...})                                                  *vim.fn*
    Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
    To call autoload functions, use the syntax: >lua
        vim.fn['some#function']({...})
<
    Unlike vim.api.|nvim_call_function()| this converts directly between Vim
    objects and Lua objects. If the Vim function returns a float, it will be
    represented directly as a Lua number. Empty lists and dictionaries both
    are represented by an empty table.

    Note: |v:null| values as part of the return value is represented as
    |vim.NIL| special value

    Note: vim.fn keys are generated lazily, thus `pairs(vim.fn)` only
    enumerates functions that were called at least once.

    Note: The majority of functions cannot run in |api-fast| callbacks with some
    undocumented exceptions which are allowed.

                                                           *lua-vim-variables*
The Vim editor global dictionaries |g:| |w:| |b:| |t:| |v:| can be accessed
from Lua conveniently and idiomatically by referencing the `vim.*` Lua tables
described below. In this way you can easily read and modify global Vimscript
variables from Lua.

Example: >lua

    vim.g.foo = 5     -- Set the g:foo Vimscript variable.
    print(vim.g.foo)  -- Get and print the g:foo Vimscript variable.
    vim.g.foo = nil   -- Delete (:unlet) the Vimscript variable.
    vim.b[2].foo = 6  -- Set b:foo for buffer 2
<

Note that setting dictionary fields directly will not write them back into
Nvim. This is because the index into the namespace simply returns a copy.
Instead the whole dictionary must be written as one. This can be achieved by
creating a short-lived temporary.

Example: >lua

    vim.g.my_dict.field1 = 'value'  -- Does not work

    local my_dict = vim.g.my_dict   --
    my_dict.field1 = 'value'        -- Instead do
    vim.g.my_dict = my_dict         --

vim.g                                                                  *vim.g*
    Global (|g:|) editor variables.
    Key with no value returns `nil`.

vim.b                                                                  *vim.b*
    Buffer-scoped (|b:|) variables for the current buffer.
    Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
    an integer to access variables for a specific buffer.

vim.w                                                                  *vim.w*
    Window-scoped (|w:|) variables for the current window.
    Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
    an integer to access variables for a specific window.

vim.t                                                                  *vim.t*
    Tabpage-scoped (|t:|) variables for the current tabpage.
    Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
    an integer to access variables for a specific tabpage.

vim.v                                                                  *vim.v*
    |v:| variables.
    Invalid or unset key returns `nil`.

                                                                 *lua-options*
                                                             *lua-vim-options*
                                                                 *lua-vim-set*
                                                            *lua-vim-setlocal*

Vim options can be accessed through |vim.o|, which behaves like Vimscript
|:set|.

    Examples: ~

    To set a boolean toggle:
        Vimscript: `set number`
        Lua:       `vim.o.number = true`

    To set a string value:
        Vimscript: `set wildignore=*.o,*.a,__pycache__`
        Lua:       `vim.o.wildignore = '*.o,*.a,__pycache__'`

Similarly, there is |vim.bo| and |vim.wo| for setting buffer-scoped and
window-scoped options. Note that this must NOT be confused with
|local-options| and |:setlocal|. There is also |vim.go| that only accesses the
global value of a |global-local| option, see |:setglobal|.

                                                               *vim.opt_local*
                                                              *vim.opt_global*
                                                                     *vim.opt*


A special interface |vim.opt| exists for conveniently interacting with list-
and map-style option from Lua: It allows accessing them as Lua tables and
offers object-oriented method for adding and removing entries.

    Examples: ~

    The following methods of setting a list-style option are equivalent:
        In Vimscript: >vim
            set wildignore=*.o,*.a,__pycache__
<
        In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
            vim.o.wildignore = '*.o,*.a,__pycache__'
<
        In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
            vim.opt.wildignore = { '*.o', '*.a', '__pycache__' }
<
    To replicate the behavior of |:set+=|, use: >lua

        vim.opt.wildignore:append { "*.pyc", "node_modules" }
<
    To replicate the behavior of |:set^=|, use: >lua

        vim.opt.wildignore:prepend { "new_first_value" }
<
    To replicate the behavior of |:set-=|, use: >lua

        vim.opt.wildignore:remove { "node_modules" }
<
    The following methods of setting a map-style option are equivalent:
        In Vimscript: >vim
            set listchars=space:_,tab:>~
<
        In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
            vim.o.listchars = 'space:_,tab:>~'
<
        In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
            vim.opt.listchars = { space = '_', tab = '>~' }
<

Note that |vim.opt| returns an `Option` object, not the value of the option,
which is accessed through |vim.opt:get()|:

    Examples: ~

    The following methods of getting a list-style option are equivalent:
        In Vimscript: >vim
            echo wildignore
<
        In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
            print(vim.o.wildignore)
<
        In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
            vim.print(vim.opt.wildignore:get())
<

In any of the above examples, to replicate the behavior |:setlocal|, use
`vim.opt_local`. Additionally, to replicate the behavior of |:setglobal|, use
`vim.opt_global`.


Option:append({value})                                      *vim.opt:append()*
    Append a value to string-style options. See |:set+=|

    These are equivalent: >lua
        vim.opt.formatoptions:append('j')
        vim.opt.formatoptions = vim.opt.formatoptions + 'j'
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {value}  (`string`) Value to append

Option:get()                                                   *vim.opt:get()*
    Returns a Lua-representation of the option. Boolean, number and string
    values will be returned in exactly the same fashion.

    For values that are comma-separated lists, an array will be returned with
    the values as entries in the array: >lua
        vim.cmd [[set wildignore=*.pyc,*.o]]

        vim.print(vim.opt.wildignore:get())
        -- { "*.pyc", "*.o", }

        for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs(vim.opt.wildignore:get()) do
            print("Will ignore:", ignore_pattern)
        end
        -- Will ignore: *.pyc
        -- Will ignore: *.o
<

    For values that are comma-separated maps, a table will be returned with
    the names as keys and the values as entries: >lua
        vim.cmd [[set listchars=space:_,tab:>~]]

        vim.print(vim.opt.listchars:get())
        --  { space = "_", tab = ">~", }

        for char, representation in pairs(vim.opt.listchars:get()) do
            print(char, "=>", representation)
        end
<

    For values that are lists of flags, a set will be returned with the flags
    as keys and `true` as entries. >lua
        vim.cmd [[set formatoptions=njtcroql]]

        vim.print(vim.opt.formatoptions:get())
        -- { n = true, j = true, c = true, ... }

        local format_opts = vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        if format_opts.j then
            print("J is enabled!")
        end
<

    Return: ~
        (`string|integer|boolean?`) value of option

Option:prepend({value})                                    *vim.opt:prepend()*
    Prepend a value to string-style options. See |:set^=|

    These are equivalent: >lua
        vim.opt.wildignore:prepend('*.o')
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ '*.o'
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {value}  (`string`) Value to prepend

Option:remove({value})                                      *vim.opt:remove()*
    Remove a value from string-style options. See |:set-=|

    These are equivalent: >lua
        vim.opt.wildignore:remove('*.pyc')
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore - '*.pyc'
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {value}  (`string`) Value to remove

vim.bo                                                                *vim.bo*
    Get or set buffer-scoped |options| for the buffer with number {bufnr}. If
    [{bufnr}] is omitted then the current buffer is used. Invalid {bufnr} or
    key is an error.

    Note: this is equivalent to `:setlocal` for |global-local| options and
    `:set` otherwise.

    Example: >lua
        local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
        vim.bo[bufnr].buflisted = true    -- same as vim.bo.buflisted = true
        print(vim.bo.comments)
        print(vim.bo.baz)                 -- error: invalid key
<

vim.env                                                              *vim.env*
    Environment variables defined in the editor session. See |expand-env| and
    |:let-environment| for the Vimscript behavior. Invalid or unset key
    returns `nil`.

    Example: >lua
        vim.env.FOO = 'bar'
        print(vim.env.TERM)
<

vim.go                                                                *vim.go*
    Get or set global |options|. Like `:setglobal`. Invalid key is an error.

    Note: this is different from |vim.o| because this accesses the global
    option value and thus is mostly useful for use with |global-local|
    options.

    Example: >lua
        vim.go.cmdheight = 4
        print(vim.go.columns)
        print(vim.go.bar)     -- error: invalid key
<

vim.o                                                                  *vim.o*
    Get or set |options|. Like `:set`. Invalid key is an error.

    Note: this works on both buffer-scoped and window-scoped options using the
    current buffer and window.

    Example: >lua
        vim.o.cmdheight = 4
        print(vim.o.columns)
        print(vim.o.foo)     -- error: invalid key
<

vim.wo                                                                *vim.wo*
    Get or set window-scoped |options| for the window with handle {winid} and
    buffer with number {bufnr}. Like `:setlocal` if setting a |global-local|
    option or if {bufnr} is provided, like `:set` otherwise. If [{winid}] is
    omitted then the current window is used. Invalid {winid}, {bufnr} or key
    is an error.

    Note: only {bufnr} with value `0` (the current buffer in the window) is
    supported.

    Example: >lua
        local winid = vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
        vim.wo[winid].number = true    -- same as vim.wo.number = true
        print(vim.wo.foldmarker)
        print(vim.wo.quux)             -- error: invalid key
        vim.wo[winid][0].spell = false -- like ':setlocal nospell'
<


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim                                                      *lua-vim*

vim.cmd({command})                                                 *vim.cmd()*
    Executes Vim script commands.

    Note that `vim.cmd` can be indexed with a command name to return a
    callable function to the command.

    Example: >lua
        vim.cmd('echo 42')
        vim.cmd([[
          augroup My_group
            autocmd!
            autocmd FileType c setlocal cindent
          augroup END
        ]])

        -- Ex command :echo "foo"
        -- Note string literals need to be double quoted.
        vim.cmd('echo "foo"')
        vim.cmd { cmd = 'echo', args = { '"foo"' } }
        vim.cmd.echo({ args = { '"foo"' } })
        vim.cmd.echo('"foo"')

        -- Ex command :write! myfile.txt
        vim.cmd('write! myfile.txt')
        vim.cmd { cmd = 'write', args = { "myfile.txt" }, bang = true }
        vim.cmd.write { args = { "myfile.txt" }, bang = true }
        vim.cmd.write { "myfile.txt", bang = true }

        -- Ex command :colorscheme blue
        vim.cmd('colorscheme blue')
        vim.cmd.colorscheme('blue')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {command}  (`string|table`) Command(s) to execute. If a string,
                   executes multiple lines of Vim script at once. In this
                   case, it is an alias to |nvim_exec2()|, where `opts.output`
                   is set to false. Thus it works identical to |:source|. If a
                   table, executes a single command. In this case, it is an
                   alias to |nvim_cmd()| where `opts` is empty.

    See also: ~
      • |ex-cmd-index|

vim.defer_fn({fn}, {timeout})                                 *vim.defer_fn()*
    Defers calling {fn} until {timeout} ms passes.

    Use to do a one-shot timer that calls {fn} Note: The {fn} is
    |vim.schedule_wrap()|ped automatically, so API functions are safe to call.

    Parameters: ~
      • {fn}       (`function`) Callback to call once `timeout` expires
      • {timeout}  (`integer`) Number of milliseconds to wait before calling
                   `fn`

    Return: ~
        (`table`) timer luv timer object

                                                             *vim.deprecate()*
vim.deprecate({name}, {alternative}, {version}, {plugin}, {backtrace})
    Shows a deprecation message to the user.

    Parameters: ~
      • {name}         (`string`) Deprecated feature (function, API, etc.).
      • {alternative}  (`string?`) Suggested alternative feature.
      • {version}      (`string`) Version when the deprecated function will be
                       removed.
      • {plugin}       (`string?`) Name of the plugin that owns the deprecated
                       feature. Defaults to "Nvim".
      • {backtrace}    (`boolean?`) Prints backtrace. Defaults to true.

    Return: ~
        (`string?`) Deprecated message, or nil if no message was shown.

vim.inspect()                                                  *vim.inspect()*
    Gets a human-readable representation of the given object.

    Return: ~
        (`string`)

    See also: ~
      • |vim.print()|
      • https://github.com/kikito/inspect.lua
      • https://github.com/mpeterv/vinspect

vim.keycode({str})                                             *vim.keycode()*
    Translates keycodes.

    Example: >lua
        local k = vim.keycode
        vim.g.mapleader = k'<bs>'
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) String to be converted.

    Return: ~
        (`string`)

    See also: ~
      • |nvim_replace_termcodes()|

vim.lua_omnifunc({find_start})                            *vim.lua_omnifunc()*
    Omnifunc for completing Lua values from the runtime Lua interpreter,
    similar to the builtin completion for the `:lua` command.

    Activate using `set omnifunc=v:lua.vim.lua_omnifunc` in a Lua buffer.

    Parameters: ~
      • {find_start}  (`1|0`)

vim.notify({msg}, {level}, {opts})                              *vim.notify()*
    Displays a notification to the user.

    This function can be overridden by plugins to display notifications using
    a custom provider (such as the system notification provider). By default,
    writes to |:messages|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {msg}    (`string`) Content of the notification to show to the user.
      • {level}  (`integer?`) One of the values from |vim.log.levels|.
      • {opts}   (`table?`) Optional parameters. Unused by default.

vim.notify_once({msg}, {level}, {opts})                    *vim.notify_once()*
    Displays a notification only one time.

    Like |vim.notify()|, but subsequent calls with the same message will not
    display a notification.

    Parameters: ~
      • {msg}    (`string`) Content of the notification to show to the user.
      • {level}  (`integer?`) One of the values from |vim.log.levels|.
      • {opts}   (`table?`) Optional parameters. Unused by default.

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) true if message was displayed, else false

vim.on_key({fn}, {ns_id})                                       *vim.on_key()*
    Adds Lua function {fn} with namespace id {ns_id} as a listener to every,
    yes every, input key.

    The Nvim command-line option |-w| is related but does not support
    callbacks and cannot be toggled dynamically.

    Note: ~
      • {fn} will be removed on error.
      • {fn} will not be cleared by |nvim_buf_clear_namespace()|
      • {fn} will receive the keys after mappings have been evaluated

    Parameters: ~
      • {fn}     (`fun(key: string)?`) Function invoked on every key press.
                 |i_CTRL-V| Passing in nil when {ns_id} is specified removes
                 the callback associated with namespace {ns_id}.
      • {ns_id}  (`integer?`) Namespace ID. If nil or 0, generates and returns
                 a new |nvim_create_namespace()| id.

    Return: ~
        (`integer`) Namespace id associated with {fn}. Or count of all
        callbacks if on_key() is called without arguments.

vim.paste({lines}, {phase})                                      *vim.paste()*
    Paste handler, invoked by |nvim_paste()| when a conforming UI (such as the
    |TUI|) pastes text into the editor.

    Example: To remove ANSI color codes when pasting: >lua
        vim.paste = (function(overridden)
          return function(lines, phase)
            for i,line in ipairs(lines) do
              -- Scrub ANSI color codes from paste input.
              lines[i] = line:gsub('\27%[[0-9;mK]+', '')
            end
            overridden(lines, phase)
          end
        end)(vim.paste)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {lines}  (`string[]`) |readfile()|-style list of lines to paste.
                 |channel-lines|
      • {phase}  (`-1|1|2|3`) -1: "non-streaming" paste: the call contains all
                 lines. If paste is "streamed", `phase` indicates the stream
                 state:
                 • 1: starts the paste (exactly once)
                 • 2: continues the paste (zero or more times)
                 • 3: ends the paste (exactly once)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) result false if client should cancel the paste.

    See also: ~
      • |paste|

vim.print({...})                                                 *vim.print()*
    "Pretty prints" the given arguments and returns them unmodified.

    Example: >lua
        local hl_normal = vim.print(vim.api.nvim_get_hl(0, { name = 'Normal' }))
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {...}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`any`) given arguments.

    See also: ~
      • |vim.inspect()|
      • |:=|

                                                                *vim.region()*
vim.region({bufnr}, {pos1}, {pos2}, {regtype}, {inclusive})
    Gets a dict of line segment ("chunk") positions for the region from `pos1`
    to `pos2`.

    Input and output positions are byte positions, (0,0)-indexed. "End of
    line" column position (for example, |linewise| visual selection) is
    returned as |v:maxcol| (big number).

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}      (`integer`) Buffer number, or 0 for current buffer
      • {pos1}       (`integer[]|string`) Start of region as a (line, column)
                     tuple or |getpos()|-compatible string
      • {pos2}       (`integer[]|string`) End of region as a (line, column)
                     tuple or |getpos()|-compatible string
      • {regtype}    (`string`) |setreg()|-style selection type
      • {inclusive}  (`boolean`) Controls whether the ending column is
                     inclusive (see also 'selection').

    Return: ~
        (`table`) region Dict of the form `{linenr = {startcol,endcol}}`.
        `endcol` is exclusive, and whole lines are returned as
        `{startcol,endcol} = {0,-1}`.

vim.schedule_wrap({fn})                                  *vim.schedule_wrap()*
    Returns a function which calls {fn} via |vim.schedule()|.

    The returned function passes all arguments to {fn}.

    Example: >lua
        function notify_readable(_err, readable)
          vim.notify("readable? " .. tostring(readable))
        end
        vim.uv.fs_access(vim.fn.stdpath("config"), "R", vim.schedule_wrap(notify_readable))
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {fn}  (`function`)

    Return: ~
        (`function`)

    See also: ~
      • |lua-loop-callbacks|
      • |vim.schedule()|
      • |vim.in_fast_event()|

vim.system({cmd}, {opts}, {on_exit})                            *vim.system()*
    Runs a system command or throws an error if {cmd} cannot be run.

    Examples: >lua
        local on_exit = function(obj)
          print(obj.code)
          print(obj.signal)
          print(obj.stdout)
          print(obj.stderr)
        end

        -- Runs asynchronously:
        vim.system({'echo', 'hello'}, { text = true }, on_exit)

        -- Runs synchronously:
        local obj = vim.system({'echo', 'hello'}, { text = true }):wait()
        -- { code = 0, signal = 0, stdout = 'hello', stderr = '' }
<

    See |uv.spawn()| for more details. Note: unlike |uv.spawn()|, vim.system
    throws an error if {cmd} cannot be run.

    Parameters: ~
      • {cmd}      (`string[]`) Command to execute
      • {opts}     (`vim.SystemOpts?`) Options:
                   • cwd: (string) Set the current working directory for the
                     sub-process.
                   • env: table<string,string> Set environment variables for
                     the new process. Inherits the current environment with
                     `NVIM` set to |v:servername|.
                   • clear_env: (boolean) `env` defines the job environment
                     exactly, instead of merging current environment.
                   • stdin: (string|string[]|boolean) If `true`, then a pipe
                     to stdin is opened and can be written to via the
                     `write()` method to SystemObj. If string or string[] then
                     will be written to stdin and closed. Defaults to `false`.
                   • stdout: (boolean|function) Handle output from stdout.
                     When passed as a function must have the signature
                     `fun(err: string, data: string)`. Defaults to `true`
                   • stderr: (boolean|function) Handle output from stderr.
                     When passed as a function must have the signature
                     `fun(err: string, data: string)`. Defaults to `true`.
                   • text: (boolean) Handle stdout and stderr as text.
                     Replaces `\r\n` with `\n`.
                   • timeout: (integer) Run the command with a time limit.
                     Upon timeout the process is sent the TERM signal (15) and
                     the exit code is set to 124.
                   • detach: (boolean) If true, spawn the child process in a
                     detached state - this will make it a process group
                     leader, and will effectively enable the child to keep
                     running after the parent exits. Note that the child
                     process will still keep the parent's event loop alive
                     unless the parent process calls |uv.unref()| on the
                     child's process handle.
      • {on_exit}  (`fun(out: vim.SystemCompleted)?`) Called when subprocess
                   exits. When provided, the command runs asynchronously.
                   Receives SystemCompleted object, see return of
                   SystemObj:wait().

    Return: ~
        (`vim.SystemObj`) Object with the fields:
        • pid (integer) Process ID
        • wait (fun(timeout: integer|nil): SystemCompleted) Wait for the
          process to complete. Upon timeout the process is sent the KILL
          signal (9) and the exit code is set to 124. Cannot be called in
          |api-fast|.
          • SystemCompleted is an object with the fields:
            • code: (integer)
            • signal: (integer)
            • stdout: (string), nil if stdout argument is passed
            • stderr: (string), nil if stderr argument is passed
        • kill (fun(signal: integer|string))
        • write (fun(data: string|nil)) Requires `stdin=true`. Pass `nil` to
          close the stream.
        • is_closing (fun(): boolean)


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.inspector                                      *vim.inspector*

vim.inspect_pos({bufnr}, {row}, {col}, {filter})           *vim.inspect_pos()*
    Get all the items at a given buffer position.

    Can also be pretty-printed with `:Inspect!`.                   *:Inspect!*

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}   (`integer?`) defaults to the current buffer
      • {row}     (`integer?`) row to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the row of
                  the current cursor
      • {col}     (`integer?`) col to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the col of
                  the current cursor
      • {filter}  (`table?`) Table with key-value pairs to filter the items
                  • {syntax} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include syntax based
                    highlight groups.
                  • {treesitter} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include
                    treesitter based highlight groups.
                  • {extmarks} (`boolean|"all"`, default: true) Include
                    extmarks. When `all`, then extmarks without a `hl_group`
                    will also be included.
                  • {semantic_tokens} (`boolean`, default: true) Include
                    semantic token highlights.

    Return: ~
        (`table`) a table with the following key-value pairs. Items are in
        "traversal order":
        • treesitter: a list of treesitter captures
        • syntax: a list of syntax groups
        • semantic_tokens: a list of semantic tokens
        • extmarks: a list of extmarks
        • buffer: the buffer used to get the items
        • row: the row used to get the items
        • col: the col used to get the items

vim.show_pos({bufnr}, {row}, {col}, {filter})                 *vim.show_pos()*
    Show all the items at a given buffer position.

    Can also be shown with `:Inspect`.                              *:Inspect*

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}   (`integer?`) defaults to the current buffer
      • {row}     (`integer?`) row to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the row of
                  the current cursor
      • {col}     (`integer?`) col to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the col of
                  the current cursor
      • {filter}  (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
                  • {syntax} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include syntax based
                    highlight groups.
                  • {treesitter} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include
                    treesitter based highlight groups.
                  • {extmarks} (`boolean|"all"`, default: true) Include
                    extmarks. When `all`, then extmarks without a `hl_group`
                    will also be included.
                  • {semantic_tokens} (`boolean`, default: true) Include
                    semantic token highlights.




*vim.Ringbuf*

    Fields: ~
      • {clear}  (`fun()`) Clear all items
      • {push}   (`fun(item: T)`) Adds an item, overriding the oldest item if
                 the buffer is full.
      • {pop}    (`fun(): T?`) Removes and returns the first unread item
      • {peek}   (`fun(): T?`) Returns the first unread item without removing
                 it


Ringbuf:clear()                                              *Ringbuf:clear()*
    Clear all items

Ringbuf:peek()                                                *Ringbuf:peek()*
    Returns the first unread item without removing it

    Return: ~
        (`any?`)

Ringbuf:pop()                                                  *Ringbuf:pop()*
    Removes and returns the first unread item

    Return: ~
        (`any?`)

Ringbuf:push({item})                                          *Ringbuf:push()*
    Adds an item, overriding the oldest item if the buffer is full.

    Parameters: ~
      • {item}  (`any`)

vim.deep_equal({a}, {b})                                    *vim.deep_equal()*
    Deep compare values for equality

    Tables are compared recursively unless they both provide the `eq`
    metamethod. All other types are compared using the equality `==` operator.

    Parameters: ~
      • {a}  (`any`) First value
      • {b}  (`any`) Second value

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if values are equals, else `false`

vim.deepcopy({orig}, {noref})                                 *vim.deepcopy()*
    Returns a deep copy of the given object. Non-table objects are copied as
    in a typical Lua assignment, whereas table objects are copied recursively.
    Functions are naively copied, so functions in the copied table point to
    the same functions as those in the input table. Userdata and threads are
    not copied and will throw an error.

    Note: `noref=true` is much more performant on tables with unique table
    fields, while `noref=false` is more performant on tables that reuse table
    fields.

    Parameters: ~
      • {orig}   (`table`) Table to copy
      • {noref}  (`boolean?`) When `false` (default) a contained table is only
                 copied once and all references point to this single copy.
                 When `true` every occurrence of a table results in a new
                 copy. This also means that a cyclic reference can cause
                 `deepcopy()` to fail.

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Table of copied keys and (nested) values.

vim.defaulttable({createfn})                              *vim.defaulttable()*
    Creates a table whose missing keys are provided by {createfn} (like
    Python's "defaultdict").

    If {createfn} is `nil` it defaults to defaulttable() itself, so accessing
    nested keys creates nested tables: >lua
        local a = vim.defaulttable()
        a.b.c = 1
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {createfn}  (`fun(key:any):any?`) Provides the value for a missing
                    `key`.

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Empty table with `__index` metamethod.

vim.endswith({s}, {suffix})                                   *vim.endswith()*
    Tests if `s` ends with `suffix`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}       (`string`) String
      • {suffix}  (`string`) Suffix to match

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `suffix` is a suffix of `s`

vim.gsplit({s}, {sep}, {opts})                                  *vim.gsplit()*
    Gets an |iterator| that splits a string at each instance of a separator,
    in "lazy" fashion (as opposed to |vim.split()| which is "eager").

    Example: >lua
        for s in vim.gsplit(':aa::b:', ':', {plain=true}) do
          print(s)
        end
<

    If you want to also inspect the separator itself (instead of discarding
    it), use |string.gmatch()|. Example: >lua
        for word, num in ('foo111bar222'):gmatch('([^0-9]*)(%d*)') do
          print(('word: %s num: %s'):format(word, num))
        end
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}     (`string`) String to split
      • {sep}   (`string`) Separator or pattern
      • {opts}  (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
                • {plain}? (`boolean`) Use `sep` literally (as in
                  string.find).
                • {trimempty}? (`boolean`) Discard empty segments at start and
                  end of the sequence.

    Return: ~
        (`fun():string?`) Iterator over the split components

    See also: ~
      • |string.gmatch()|
      • |vim.split()|
      • |lua-patterns|
      • https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html
      • http://lua-users.org/wiki/StringLibraryTutorial

vim.is_callable({f})                                       *vim.is_callable()*
    Returns true if object `f` can be called as a function.

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`any`) Any object

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `f` is callable, else `false`

vim.list_contains({t}, {value})                          *vim.list_contains()*
    Checks if a list-like table (integer keys without gaps) contains `value`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}      (`table`) Table to check (must be list-like, not validated)
      • {value}  (`any`) Value to compare

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `t` contains `value`

    See also: ~
      • |vim.tbl_contains()| for checking values in general tables

vim.list_extend({dst}, {src}, {start}, {finish})           *vim.list_extend()*
    Extends a list-like table with the values of another list-like table.

    NOTE: This mutates dst!

    Parameters: ~
      • {dst}     (`table`) List which will be modified and appended to
      • {src}     (`table`) List from which values will be inserted
      • {start}   (`integer?`) Start index on src. Defaults to 1
      • {finish}  (`integer?`) Final index on src. Defaults to `#src`

    Return: ~
        (`table`) dst

    See also: ~
      • |vim.tbl_extend()|

vim.list_slice({list}, {start}, {finish})                   *vim.list_slice()*
    Creates a copy of a table containing only elements from start to end
    (inclusive)

    Parameters: ~
      • {list}    (`any[]`) Table
      • {start}   (`integer?`) Start range of slice
      • {finish}  (`integer?`) End range of slice

    Return: ~
        (`any[]`) Copy of table sliced from start to finish (inclusive)

vim.pesc({s})                                                     *vim.pesc()*
    Escapes magic chars in |lua-patterns|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}  (`string`) String to escape

    Return: ~
        (`string`) %-escaped pattern string

    See also: ~
      • https://github.com/rxi/lume

vim.ringbuf({size})                                            *vim.ringbuf()*
    Create a ring buffer limited to a maximal number of items. Once the buffer
    is full, adding a new entry overrides the oldest entry. >lua
        local ringbuf = vim.ringbuf(4)
        ringbuf:push("a")
        ringbuf:push("b")
        ringbuf:push("c")
        ringbuf:push("d")
        ringbuf:push("e")    -- overrides "a"
        print(ringbuf:pop()) -- returns "b"
        print(ringbuf:pop()) -- returns "c"

        -- Can be used as iterator. Pops remaining items:
        for val in ringbuf do
          print(val)
        end
<

    Returns a Ringbuf instance with the following methods:
    • |Ringbuf:push()|
    • |Ringbuf:pop()|
    • |Ringbuf:peek()|
    • |Ringbuf:clear()|

    Parameters: ~
      • {size}  (`integer`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.Ringbuf`) ringbuf See |vim.Ringbuf|.

vim.spairs({t})                                                 *vim.spairs()*
    Enumerates key-value pairs of a table, ordered by key.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) Dict-like table

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`fun(table: table<K, V>, index?: K):K, V`) |for-in| iterator over
        sorted keys and their values
        (`table`)

    See also: ~
      • Based on
        https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua

vim.split({s}, {sep}, {opts})                                    *vim.split()*
    Splits a string at each instance of a separator and returns the result as
    a table (unlike |vim.gsplit()|).

    Examples: >lua
        split(":aa::b:", ":")                   --> {'','aa','','b',''}
        split("axaby", "ab?")                   --> {'','x','y'}
        split("x*yz*o", "*", {plain=true})      --> {'x','yz','o'}
        split("|x|y|z|", "|", {trimempty=true}) --> {'x', 'y', 'z'}
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}     (`string`) String to split
      • {sep}   (`string`) Separator or pattern
      • {opts}  (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
                • {plain}? (`boolean`) Use `sep` literally (as in
                  string.find).
                • {trimempty}? (`boolean`) Discard empty segments at start and
                  end of the sequence.

    Return: ~
        (`string[]`) List of split components

    See also: ~
      • |vim.gsplit()|
      • |string.gmatch()|

vim.startswith({s}, {prefix})                               *vim.startswith()*
    Tests if `s` starts with `prefix`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}       (`string`) String
      • {prefix}  (`string`) Prefix to match

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `prefix` is a prefix of `s`

vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup({o})                 *vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup()*
    Add the reverse lookup values to an existing table. For example:
    `tbl_add_reverse_lookup { A = 1 } == { [1] = 'A', A = 1 }`

    Note that this modifies the input.

    Parameters: ~
      • {o}  (`table`) Table to add the reverse to

    Return: ~
        (`table`) o

vim.tbl_contains({t}, {value}, {opts})                    *vim.tbl_contains()*
    Checks if a table contains a given value, specified either directly or via
    a predicate that is checked for each value.

    Example: >lua
        vim.tbl_contains({ 'a', { 'b', 'c' } }, function(v)
          return vim.deep_equal(v, { 'b', 'c' })
        end, { predicate = true })
        -- true
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}      (`table`) Table to check
      • {value}  (`any`) Value to compare or predicate function reference
      • {opts}   (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
                 • {predicate}? (`boolean`) `value` is a function reference to
                   be checked (default false)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `t` contains `value`

    See also: ~
      • |vim.list_contains()| for checking values in list-like tables

vim.tbl_count({t})                                           *vim.tbl_count()*
    Counts the number of non-nil values in table `t`. >lua
        vim.tbl_count({ a=1, b=2 })  --> 2
        vim.tbl_count({ 1, 2 })      --> 2
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) Table

    Return: ~
        (`integer`) Number of non-nil values in table

    See also: ~
      • https://github.com/Tieske/Penlight/blob/master/lua/pl/tablex.lua

vim.tbl_deep_extend({behavior}, {...})                 *vim.tbl_deep_extend()*
    Merges recursively two or more tables.

    Parameters: ~
      • {behavior}  (`"error"|"keep"|"force"`) (string) Decides what to do if
                    a key is found in more than one map:
                    • "error": raise an error
                    • "keep": use value from the leftmost map
                    • "force": use value from the rightmost map
      • {...}       (`table`) Two or more tables

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Merged table

    See also: ~
      • |vim.tbl_extend()|

vim.tbl_extend({behavior}, {...})                           *vim.tbl_extend()*
    Merges two or more tables.

    Parameters: ~
      • {behavior}  (`string`) Decides what to do if a key is found in more
                    than one map:
                    • "error": raise an error
                    • "keep": use value from the leftmost map
                    • "force": use value from the rightmost map
      • {...}       (`table`) Two or more tables

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Merged table

    See also: ~
      • |extend()|

vim.tbl_filter({func}, {t})                                 *vim.tbl_filter()*
    Filter a table using a predicate function

    Parameters: ~
      • {func}  (`function`) Function
      • {t}     (`table`) Table

    Return: ~
        (`any[]`) Table of filtered values

vim.tbl_flatten({t})                                       *vim.tbl_flatten()*
    Creates a copy of a list-like table such that any nested tables are
    "unrolled" and appended to the result.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) List-like table

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Flattened copy of the given list-like table

    See also: ~
      • From
        https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua

vim.tbl_get({o}, {...})                                        *vim.tbl_get()*
    Index into a table (first argument) via string keys passed as subsequent
    arguments. Return `nil` if the key does not exist.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.tbl_get({ key = { nested_key = true }}, 'key', 'nested_key') == true
        vim.tbl_get({ key = {}}, 'key', 'nested_key') == nil
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {o}    (`table`) Table to index
      • {...}  (`any`) Optional keys (0 or more, variadic) via which to index
               the table

    Return: ~
        (`any`) Nested value indexed by key (if it exists), else nil

vim.tbl_isarray({t})                                       *vim.tbl_isarray()*
    Tests if `t` is an "array": a table indexed only by integers (potentially
    non-contiguous).

    If the indexes start from 1 and are contiguous then the array is also a
    list. |vim.tbl_islist()|

    Empty table `{}` is an array, unless it was created by |vim.empty_dict()|
    or returned as a dict-like |API| or Vimscript result, for example from
    |rpcrequest()| or |vim.fn|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if array-like table, else `false`.

    See also: ~
      • https://github.com/openresty/luajit2#tableisarray

vim.tbl_isempty({t})                                       *vim.tbl_isempty()*
    Checks if a table is empty.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) Table to check

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if `t` is empty

    See also: ~
      • https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua

vim.tbl_islist({t})                                         *vim.tbl_islist()*
    Tests if `t` is a "list": a table indexed only by contiguous integers
    starting from 1 (what |lua-length| calls a "regular array").

    Empty table `{}` is a list, unless it was created by |vim.empty_dict()| or
    returned as a dict-like |API| or Vimscript result, for example from
    |rpcrequest()| or |vim.fn|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`) `true` if list-like table, else `false`.

    See also: ~
      • |vim.tbl_isarray()|

vim.tbl_keys({t})                                             *vim.tbl_keys()*
    Return a list of all keys used in a table. However, the order of the
    return table of keys is not guaranteed.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) Table

    Return: ~
        (`any[]`) List of keys

    See also: ~
      • From
        https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua

vim.tbl_map({func}, {t})                                       *vim.tbl_map()*
    Apply a function to all values of a table.

    Parameters: ~
      • {func}  (`fun(value: T): any`) Function
      • {t}     (`table<any, T>`) Table

    Return: ~
        (`table`) Table of transformed values

vim.tbl_values({t})                                         *vim.tbl_values()*
    Return a list of all values used in a table. However, the order of the
    return table of values is not guaranteed.

    Parameters: ~
      • {t}  (`table`) Table

    Return: ~
        (`any[]`) List of values

vim.trim({s})                                                     *vim.trim()*
    Trim whitespace (Lua pattern "%s") from both sides of a string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {s}  (`string`) String to trim

    Return: ~
        (`string`) String with whitespace removed from its beginning and end

    See also: ~
      • |lua-patterns|
      • https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html

vim.validate({opt})                                           *vim.validate()*
    Validates a parameter specification (types and values).

    Usage example: >lua
        function user.new(name, age, hobbies)
          vim.validate{
            name={name, 'string'},
            age={age, 'number'},
            hobbies={hobbies, 'table'},
          }
          ...
        end
<

    Examples with explicit argument values (can be run directly): >lua
        vim.validate{arg1={{'foo'}, 'table'}, arg2={'foo', 'string'}}
           --> NOP (success)

        vim.validate{arg1={1, 'table'}}
           --> error('arg1: expected table, got number')

        vim.validate{arg1={3, function(a) return (a % 2) == 0 end, 'even number'}}
           --> error('arg1: expected even number, got 3')
<

    If multiple types are valid they can be given as a list. >lua
        vim.validate{arg1={{'foo'}, {'table', 'string'}}, arg2={'foo', {'table', 'string'}}}
        -- NOP (success)

        vim.validate{arg1={1, {'string', 'table'}}}
        -- error('arg1: expected string|table, got number')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {opt}  (`table`) Names of parameters to validate. Each key is a
               parameter name; each value is a tuple in one of these forms:
               1. (arg_value, type_name, optional)
                  • arg_value: argument value
                  • type_name: string|table type name, one of: ("table", "t",
                    "string", "s", "number", "n", "boolean", "b", "function",
                    "f", "nil", "thread", "userdata") or list of them.
                  • optional: (optional) boolean, if true, `nil` is valid
               2. (arg_value, fn, msg)
                  • arg_value: argument value
                  • fn: any function accepting one argument, returns true if
                    and only if the argument is valid. Can optionally return
                    an additional informative error message as the second
                    returned value.
                  • msg: (optional) error string if validation fails


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.loader                                            *vim.loader*

vim.loader.disable()                                    *vim.loader.disable()*
    Disables the experimental Lua module loader:
    • removes the loaders
    • adds the default Nvim loader

vim.loader.enable()                                      *vim.loader.enable()*
    Enables the experimental Lua module loader:
    • overrides loadfile
    • adds the Lua loader using the byte-compilation cache
    • adds the libs loader
    • removes the default Nvim loader

vim.loader.find({modname}, {opts})                         *vim.loader.find()*
    Finds Lua modules for the given module name.

    Parameters: ~
      • {modname}  (`string`) Module name, or `"*"` to find the top-level
                   modules instead
      • {opts}     (`table?`) Options for finding a module:
                   • {rtp}? (`boolean`, default: `true`) Search for modname in
                     the runtime path.
                   • {paths}? (`string[]`, default: `{}`) Extra paths to
                     search for modname
                   • {patterns}? (`string[]`, default: `{"/init.lua",
                     ".lua"}`) List of patterns to use when searching for
                     modules. A pattern is a string added to the basename of
                     the Lua module being searched.
                   • {all}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Search for all
                     matches.

    Return: ~
        (`table[]`) A list of objects with the following fields:
        • {modpath} (`string`) Path of the module
        • {modname} (`string`) Name of the module
        • {stat}? (`uv.uv_fs_t`) The fs_stat of the module path. Won't be
          returned for `modname="*"`

vim.loader.reset({path})                                  *vim.loader.reset()*
    Resets the cache for the path, or all the paths if path is nil.

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string?`) path to reset


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.uri                                                  *vim.uri*

vim.uri_decode({str})                                       *vim.uri_decode()*
    URI-decodes a string containing percent escapes.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) string to decode

    Return: ~
        (`string`) decoded string

vim.uri_encode({str}, {rfc})                                *vim.uri_encode()*
    URI-encodes a string using percent escapes.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) string to encode
      • {rfc}  (`"rfc2396"|"rfc2732"|"rfc3986"?`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`) encoded string

vim.uri_from_bufnr({bufnr})                             *vim.uri_from_bufnr()*
    Gets a URI from a bufnr.

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}  (`integer`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`) URI

vim.uri_from_fname({path})                              *vim.uri_from_fname()*
    Gets a URI from a file path.

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string`) Path to file

    Return: ~
        (`string`) URI

vim.uri_to_bufnr({uri})                                   *vim.uri_to_bufnr()*
    Gets the buffer for a uri. Creates a new unloaded buffer if no buffer for
    the uri already exists.

    Parameters: ~
      • {uri}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`integer`) bufnr

vim.uri_to_fname({uri})                                   *vim.uri_to_fname()*
    Gets a filename from a URI.

    Parameters: ~
      • {uri}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`) filename or unchanged URI for non-file URIs


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.ui                                                    *vim.ui*

vim.ui.input({opts}, {on_confirm})                            *vim.ui.input()*
    Prompts the user for input, allowing arbitrary (potentially asynchronous)
    work until `on_confirm`.

    Example: >lua
        vim.ui.input({ prompt = 'Enter value for shiftwidth: ' }, function(input)
            vim.o.shiftwidth = tonumber(input)
        end)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {opts}        (`table?`) Additional options. See |input()|
                      • prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt
                      • default (string|nil) Default reply to the input
                      • completion (string|nil) Specifies type of completion
                        supported for input. Supported types are the same that
                        can be supplied to a user-defined command using the
                        "-complete=" argument. See |:command-completion|
                      • highlight (function) Function that will be used for
                        highlighting user inputs.
      • {on_confirm}  (`function`) ((input|nil) -> ()) Called once the user
                      confirms or abort the input. `input` is what the user
                      typed (it might be an empty string if nothing was
                      entered), or `nil` if the user aborted the dialog.

vim.ui.open({path})                                            *vim.ui.open()*
    Opens `path` with the system default handler (macOS `open`, Windows
    `explorer.exe`, Linux `xdg-open`, …), or returns (but does not show) an
    error message on failure.

    Expands "~/" and environment variables in filesystem paths.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.ui.open("https://neovim.io/")
        vim.ui.open("~/path/to/file")
        vim.ui.open("$VIMRUNTIME")
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string`) Path or URL to open

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`vim.SystemCompleted?`) Command result, or nil if not found.
        (`string?`) Error message on failure

    See also: ~
      • |vim.system()|

vim.ui.select({items}, {opts}, {on_choice})                  *vim.ui.select()*
    Prompts the user to pick from a list of items, allowing arbitrary
    (potentially asynchronous) work until `on_choice`.

    Example: >lua
        vim.ui.select({ 'tabs', 'spaces' }, {
            prompt = 'Select tabs or spaces:',
            format_item = function(item)
                return "I'd like to choose " .. item
            end,
        }, function(choice)
            if choice == 'spaces' then
                vim.o.expandtab = true
            else
                vim.o.expandtab = false
            end
        end)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {items}      (`any[]`) Arbitrary items
      • {opts}       (`table`) Additional options
                     • prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt. Defaults to
                       `Select one of:`
                     • format_item (function item -> text) Function to format
                       an individual item from `items`. Defaults to
                       `tostring`.
                     • kind (string|nil) Arbitrary hint string indicating the
                       item shape. Plugins reimplementing `vim.ui.select` may
                       wish to use this to infer the structure or semantics of
                       `items`, or the context in which select() was called.
      • {on_choice}  (`fun(item: any?, idx: integer?)`) Called once the user
                     made a choice. `idx` is the 1-based index of `item`
                     within `items`. `nil` if the user aborted the dialog.


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.filetype                                        *vim.filetype*

vim.filetype.add({filetypes})                             *vim.filetype.add()*
    Add new filetype mappings.

    Filetype mappings can be added either by extension or by filename (either
    the "tail" or the full file path). The full file path is checked first,
    followed by the file name. If a match is not found using the filename,
    then the filename is matched against the list of |lua-patterns| (sorted by
    priority) until a match is found. Lastly, if pattern matching does not
    find a filetype, then the file extension is used.

    The filetype can be either a string (in which case it is used as the
    filetype directly) or a function. If a function, it takes the full path
    and buffer number of the file as arguments (along with captures from the
    matched pattern, if any) and should return a string that will be used as
    the buffer's filetype. Optionally, the function can return a second
    function value which, when called, modifies the state of the buffer. This
    can be used to, for example, set filetype-specific buffer variables. This
    function will be called by Nvim before setting the buffer's filetype.

    Filename patterns can specify an optional priority to resolve cases when a
    file path matches multiple patterns. Higher priorities are matched first.
    When omitted, the priority defaults to 0. A pattern can contain
    environment variables of the form "${SOME_VAR}" that will be automatically
    expanded. If the environment variable is not set, the pattern won't be
    matched.

    See $VIMRUNTIME/lua/vim/filetype.lua for more examples.

    Example: >lua
        vim.filetype.add({
          extension = {
            foo = 'fooscript',
            bar = function(path, bufnr)
              if some_condition() then
                return 'barscript', function(bufnr)
                  -- Set a buffer variable
                  vim.b[bufnr].barscript_version = 2
                end
              end
              return 'bar'
            end,
          },
          filename = {
            ['.foorc'] = 'toml',
            ['/etc/foo/config'] = 'toml',
          },
          pattern = {
            ['.*/etc/foo/.*'] = 'fooscript',
            -- Using an optional priority
            ['.*/etc/foo/.*%.conf'] = { 'dosini', { priority = 10 } },
            -- A pattern containing an environment variable
            ['${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/foo/git'] = 'git',
            ['README.(%a+)$'] = function(path, bufnr, ext)
              if ext == 'md' then
                return 'markdown'
              elseif ext == 'rst' then
                return 'rst'
              end
            end,
          },
        })
<

    To add a fallback match on contents, use >lua
        vim.filetype.add {
          pattern = {
            ['.*'] = {
              priority = -math.huge,
              function(path, bufnr)
                local content = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(bufnr, 0, 1, false)[1] or ''
                if vim.regex([[^#!.*\\<mine\\>]]):match_str(content) ~= nil then
                  return 'mine'
                elseif vim.regex([[\\<drawing\\>]]):match_str(content) ~= nil then
                  return 'drawing'
                end
              end,
            },
          },
        }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {filetypes}  (`table`) A table containing new filetype maps (see
                     example).
                     • {pattern}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)
                     • {extension}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)
                     • {filename}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)

                                                   *vim.filetype.get_option()*
vim.filetype.get_option({filetype}, {option})
    Get the default option value for a {filetype}.

    The returned value is what would be set in a new buffer after 'filetype'
    is set, meaning it should respect all FileType autocmds and ftplugin
    files.

    Example: >lua
        vim.filetype.get_option('vim', 'commentstring')
<

    Note: this uses |nvim_get_option_value()| but caches the result. This
    means |ftplugin| and |FileType| autocommands are only triggered once and
    may not reflect later changes.

    Parameters: ~
      • {filetype}  (`string`) Filetype
      • {option}    (`string`) Option name

    Return: ~
        (`string|boolean|integer`) Option value

vim.filetype.match({args})                              *vim.filetype.match()*
    Perform filetype detection.

    The filetype can be detected using one of three methods:
    1. Using an existing buffer
    2. Using only a file name
    3. Using only file contents

    Of these, option 1 provides the most accurate result as it uses both the
    buffer's filename and (optionally) the buffer contents. Options 2 and 3
    can be used without an existing buffer, but may not always provide a match
    in cases where the filename (or contents) cannot unambiguously determine
    the filetype.

    Each of the three options is specified using a key to the single argument
    of this function. Example: >lua
        -- Using a buffer number
        vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42 })

        -- Override the filename of the given buffer
        vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42, filename = 'foo.c' })

        -- Using a filename without a buffer
        vim.filetype.match({ filename = 'main.lua' })

        -- Using file contents
        vim.filetype.match({ contents = {'#!/usr/bin/env bash'} })
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {args}  (`table`) Table specifying which matching strategy to use.
                Accepted keys are:
                • {buf}? (`integer`) Buffer number to use for matching.
                  Mutually exclusive with {contents}
                • {filename}? (`string`) Filename to use for matching. When
                  {buf} is given, defaults to the filename of the given buffer
                  number. The file need not actually exist in the filesystem.
                  When used without {buf} only the name of the file is used
                  for filetype matching. This may result in failure to detect
                  the filetype in cases where the filename alone is not enough
                  to disambiguate the filetype.
                • {contents}? (`string[]`) An array of lines representing file
                  contents to use for matching. Can be used with {filename}.
                  Mutually exclusive with {buf}.

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`string?`) If a match was found, the matched filetype.
        (`function?`) A function that modifies buffer state when called (for
        example, to set some filetype specific buffer variables). The function
        accepts a buffer number as its only argument.


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.keymap                                            *vim.keymap*

vim.keymap.del({modes}, {lhs}, {opts})                      *vim.keymap.del()*
    Remove an existing mapping. Examples: >lua
        vim.keymap.del('n', 'lhs')

        vim.keymap.del({'n', 'i', 'v'}, '<leader>w', { buffer = 5 })
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {modes}  (`string|string[]`)
      • {lhs}    (`string`)
      • {opts}   (`table?`) A table of optional arguments:
                 • "buffer": (integer|boolean) Remove a mapping from the given
                   buffer. When `0` or `true`, use the current buffer.

    See also: ~
      • |vim.keymap.set()|

vim.keymap.set({mode}, {lhs}, {rhs}, {opts})                *vim.keymap.set()*
    Adds a new |mapping|. Examples: >lua
        -- Map to a Lua function:
        vim.keymap.set('n', 'lhs', function() print("real lua function") end)
        -- Map to multiple modes:
        vim.keymap.set({'n', 'v'}, '<leader>lr', vim.lsp.buf.references, { buffer = true })
        -- Buffer-local mapping:
        vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>w', "<cmd>w<cr>", { silent = true, buffer = 5 })
        -- Expr mapping:
        vim.keymap.set('i', '<Tab>', function()
          return vim.fn.pumvisible() == 1 and "<C-n>" or "<Tab>"
        end, { expr = true })
        -- <Plug> mapping:
        vim.keymap.set('n', '[%%', '<Plug>(MatchitNormalMultiBackward)')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {mode}  (`string|table`) Mode short-name, see |nvim_set_keymap()|. Can
                also be list of modes to create mapping on multiple modes.
      • {lhs}   (`string`) Left-hand side |{lhs}| of the mapping.
      • {rhs}   (`string|function`) Right-hand side |{rhs}| of the mapping,
                can be a Lua function.
      • {opts}  (`table?`) Table of |:map-arguments|.
                • Same as |nvim_set_keymap()| {opts}, except:
                  • "replace_keycodes" defaults to `true` if "expr" is `true`.
                  • "noremap": inverse of "remap" (see below).
                • Also accepts:
                  • "buffer": (integer|boolean) Creates buffer-local mapping,
                    `0` or `true` for current buffer.
                  • "remap": (boolean) Make the mapping recursive. Inverse of
                    "noremap". Defaults to `false`.

    See also: ~
      • |nvim_set_keymap()|
      • |maparg()|
      • |mapcheck()|
      • |mapset()|


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.fs                                                    *vim.fs*

vim.fs.basename({file})                                    *vim.fs.basename()*
    Return the basename of the given path

    Parameters: ~
      • {file}  (`string`) Path

    Return: ~
        (`string?`) Basename of {file}

vim.fs.dir({path}, {opts})                                      *vim.fs.dir()*
    Return an iterator over the items located in {path}

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string`) An absolute or relative path to the directory to
                iterate over. The path is first normalized
                |vim.fs.normalize()|.
      • {opts}  (`table?`) Optional keyword arguments:
                • depth: integer|nil How deep the traverse (default 1)
                • skip: (fun(dir_name: string): boolean)|nil Predicate to
                  control traversal. Return false to stop searching the
                  current directory. Only useful when depth > 1

    Return: ~
        (`Iterator`) over items in {path}. Each iteration yields two values:
        "name" and "type". "name" is the basename of the item relative to
        {path}. "type" is one of the following: "file", "directory", "link",
        "fifo", "socket", "char", "block", "unknown".

vim.fs.dirname({file})                                      *vim.fs.dirname()*
    Return the parent directory of the given path

    Parameters: ~
      • {file}  (`string`) Path

    Return: ~
        (`string?`) Parent directory of {file}

vim.fs.find({names}, {opts})                                   *vim.fs.find()*
    Find files or directories (or other items as specified by `opts.type`) in
    the given path.

    Finds items given in {names} starting from {path}. If {upward} is "true"
    then the search traverses upward through parent directories; otherwise,
    the search traverses downward. Note that downward searches are recursive
    and may search through many directories! If {stop} is non-nil, then the
    search stops when the directory given in {stop} is reached. The search
    terminates when {limit} (default 1) matches are found. You can set {type}
    to "file", "directory", "link", "socket", "char", "block", or "fifo" to
    narrow the search to find only that type.

    Examples: >lua
        -- location of Cargo.toml from the current buffer's path
        local cargo = vim.fs.find('Cargo.toml', {
          upward = true,
          stop = vim.uv.os_homedir(),
          path = vim.fs.dirname(vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(0)),
        })

        -- list all test directories under the runtime directory
        local test_dirs = vim.fs.find(
          {'test', 'tst', 'testdir'},
          {limit = math.huge, type = 'directory', path = './runtime/'}
        )

        -- get all files ending with .cpp or .hpp inside lib/
        local cpp_hpp = vim.fs.find(function(name, path)
          return name:match('.*%.[ch]pp$') and path:match('[/\\\\]lib$')
        end, {limit = math.huge, type = 'file'})
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {names}  (`string|string[]|fun(name: string, path: string): boolean`)
                 Names of the items to find. Must be base names, paths and
                 globs are not supported when {names} is a string or a table.
                 If {names} is a function, it is called for each traversed
                 item with args:
                 • name: base name of the current item
                 • path: full path of the current item The function should
                   return `true` if the given item is considered a match.
      • {opts}   (`table`) Optional keyword arguments:
                 • {path}? (`string`) Path to begin searching from. If
                   omitted, the |current-directory| is used.
                 • {upward}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Search upward
                   through parent directories. Otherwise, search through child
                   directories (recursively).
                 • {stop}? (`string`) Stop searching when this directory is
                   reached. The directory itself is not searched.
                 • {type}? (`string`) Find only items of the given type. If
                   omitted, all items that match {names} are included.
                 • {limit}? (`number`, default: `1`) Stop the search after
                   finding this many matches. Use `math.huge` to place no
                   limit on the number of matches.

    Return: ~
        (`string[]`) Normalized paths |vim.fs.normalize()| of all matching
        items

vim.fs.joinpath({...})                                     *vim.fs.joinpath()*
    Concatenate directories and/or file paths into a single path with
    normalization (e.g., `"foo/"` and `"bar"` get joined to `"foo/bar"`)

    Parameters: ~
      • {...}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`)

vim.fs.normalize({path}, {opts})                          *vim.fs.normalize()*
    Normalize a path to a standard format. A tilde (~) character at the
    beginning of the path is expanded to the user's home directory and any
    backslash (\) characters are converted to forward slashes (/). Environment
    variables are also expanded.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.fs.normalize('C:\\\\Users\\\\jdoe')
        -- 'C:/Users/jdoe'

        vim.fs.normalize('~/src/neovim')
        -- '/home/jdoe/src/neovim'

        vim.fs.normalize('$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nvim/init.vim')
        -- '/Users/jdoe/.config/nvim/init.vim'
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string`) Path to normalize
      • {opts}  (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
                • {expand_env} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Expand environment
                  variables.

    Return: ~
        (`string`) Normalized path

vim.fs.parents({start})                                     *vim.fs.parents()*
    Iterate over all the parents of the given path.

    Example: >lua
        local root_dir
        for dir in vim.fs.parents(vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(0)) do
          if vim.fn.isdirectory(dir .. "/.git") == 1 then
            root_dir = dir
            break
          end
        end

        if root_dir then
          print("Found git repository at", root_dir)
        end
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {start}  (`string`) Initial path.

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`fun(_, dir: string): string?`) Iterator
        (`nil`)
        (`string?`)


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.glob                                                *vim.glob*

vim.glob.to_lpeg({pattern})                               *vim.glob.to_lpeg()*
    Parses a raw glob into an |lua-lpeg| pattern.

    This uses glob semantics from LSP 3.17.0:
    https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specifications/lsp/3.17/specification/#pattern

    Glob patterns can have the following syntax:
    • `*` to match one or more characters in a path segment
    • `?` to match on one character in a path segment
    • `**` to match any number of path segments, including none
    • `{}` to group conditions (e.g. `*.{ts,js}` matches TypeScript and
      JavaScript files)
    • `[]` to declare a range of characters to match in a path segment (e.g.,
      `example.[0-9]` to match on `example.0`, `example.1`, …)
    • `[!...]` to negate a range of characters to match in a path segment
      (e.g., `example.[!0-9]` to match on `example.a`, `example.b`, but not
      `example.0`)

    Parameters: ~
      • {pattern}  (`string`) The raw glob pattern

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`) pattern An |lua-lpeg| representation of the
        pattern


==============================================================================
VIM.LPEG                                                            *vim.lpeg*


LPeg is a pattern-matching library for Lua, based on
Parsing Expression Grammars (https://bford.info/packrat/) (PEGs).

                                                                    *lua-lpeg*
                                                            *vim.lpeg.Pattern*
The LPeg library for parsing expression grammars is included as `vim.lpeg`
(https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/).

In addition, its regex-like interface is available as |vim.re|
(https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/re.html).



Pattern:match({subject}, {init})                             *Pattern:match()*
    Matches the given `pattern` against the `subject` string. If the match
    succeeds, returns the index in the subject of the first character after
    the match, or the captured values (if the pattern captured any value). An
    optional numeric argument `init` makes the match start at that position in
    the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative value counts
    from the end. Unlike typical pattern-matching functions, `match` works
    only in anchored mode; that is, it tries to match the pattern with a
    prefix of the given subject string (at position `init`), not with an
    arbitrary substring of the subject. So, if we want to find a pattern
    anywhere in a string, we must either write a loop in Lua or write a
    pattern that matches anywhere.

    Example: >lua
        local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
        assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
        assert(lpeg.match(pattern, 'hello') == 6)
        assert(pattern:match('1 hello') == nil)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {subject}  (`string`)
      • {init}     (`integer?`)

    Return: ~
        (`integer|vim.lpeg.Capture?`)

vim.lpeg.B({pattern})                                           *vim.lpeg.B()*
    Returns a pattern that matches only if the input string at the current
    position is preceded by `patt`. Pattern `patt` must match only strings
    with some fixed length, and it cannot contain captures. Like the `and`
    predicate, this pattern never consumes any input, independently of success
    or failure.

    Parameters: ~
      • {pattern}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.lpeg.C({patt})                                              *vim.lpeg.C()*
    Creates a simple capture, which captures the substring of the subject that
    matches `patt`. The captured value is a string. If `patt` has other
    captures, their values are returned after this one.

    Example: >lua
        local function split (s, sep)
          sep = lpeg.P(sep)
          local elem = lpeg.C((1 - sep) ^ 0)
          local p = elem * (sep * elem) ^ 0
          return lpeg.match(p, s)
        end
        local a, b, c = split('a,b,c', ',')
        assert(a == 'a')
        assert(b == 'b')
        assert(c == 'c')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Carg({n})                                           *vim.lpeg.Carg()*
    Creates an argument capture. This pattern matches the empty string and
    produces the value given as the nth extra argument given in the call to
    `lpeg.match`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`integer`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cb({name})                                            *vim.lpeg.Cb()*
    Creates a back capture. This pattern matches the empty string and produces
    the values produced by the most recent group capture named `name` (where
    `name` can be any Lua value). Most recent means the last complete
    outermost group capture with the given name. A Complete capture means that
    the entire pattern corresponding to the capture has matched. An Outermost
    capture means that the capture is not inside another complete capture. In
    the same way that LPeg does not specify when it evaluates captures, it
    does not specify whether it reuses values previously produced by the group
    or re-evaluates them.

    Parameters: ~
      • {name}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cc({...})                                             *vim.lpeg.Cc()*
    Creates a constant capture. This pattern matches the empty string and
    produces all given values as its captured values.

    Parameters: ~
      • {...}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cf({patt}, {func})                                    *vim.lpeg.Cf()*
    Creates a fold capture. If `patt` produces a list of captures C1 C2 ...
    Cn, this capture will produce the value `func(...func(func(C1, C2),
    C3)...,Cn)`, that is, it will fold (or accumulate, or reduce) the captures
    from `patt` using function `func`. This capture assumes that `patt` should
    produce at least one capture with at least one value (of any type), which
    becomes the initial value of an accumulator. (If you need a specific
    initial value, you may prefix a constant captureto `patt`.) For each
    subsequent capture, LPeg calls `func` with this accumulator as the first
    argument and all values produced by the capture as extra arguments; the
    first result from this call becomes the new value for the accumulator. The
    final value of the accumulator becomes the captured value.

    Example: >lua
        local number = lpeg.R('09') ^ 1 / tonumber
        local list = number * (',' * number) ^ 0
        local function add(acc, newvalue) return acc + newvalue end
        local sum = lpeg.Cf(list, add)
        assert(sum:match('10,30,43') == 83)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
      • {func}  (`fun(acc, newvalue)`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cg({patt}, {name})                                    *vim.lpeg.Cg()*
    Creates a group capture. It groups all values returned by `patt` into a
    single capture. The group may be anonymous (if no name is given) or named
    with the given name (which can be any non-nil Lua value).

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
      • {name}  (`string?`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cmt({patt}, {fn})                                    *vim.lpeg.Cmt()*
    Creates a match-time capture. Unlike all other captures, this one is
    evaluated immediately when a match occurs (even if it is part of a larger
    pattern that fails later). It forces the immediate evaluation of all its
    nested captures and then calls `function`. The given function gets as
    arguments the entire subject, the current position (after the match of
    `patt`), plus any capture values produced by `patt`. The first value
    returned by `function` defines how the match happens. If the call returns
    a number, the match succeeds and the returned number becomes the new
    current position. (Assuming a subject sand current position `i`, the
    returned number must be in the range `[i, len(s) + 1]`.) If the call
    returns `true`, the match succeeds without consuming any input (so, to
    return true is equivalent to return `i`). If the call returns `false`,
    `nil`, or no value, the match fails. Any extra values returned by the
    function become the values produced by the capture.

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
      • {fn}    (`function`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cp()                                                  *vim.lpeg.Cp()*
    Creates a position capture. It matches the empty string and captures the
    position in the subject where the match occurs. The captured value is a
    number.

    Example: >lua
        local I = lpeg.Cp()
        local function anywhere(p) return lpeg.P({I * p * I + 1 * lpeg.V(1)}) end
        local match_start, match_end = anywhere('world'):match('hello world!')
        assert(match_start == 7)
        assert(match_end == 12)
<

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Cs({patt})                                            *vim.lpeg.Cs()*
    Creates a substitution capture. This function creates a substitution
    capture, which captures the substring of the subject that matches `patt`,
    with substitutions. For any capture inside `patt` with a value, the
    substring that matched the capture is replaced by the capture value (which
    should be a string). The final captured value is the string resulting from
    all replacements.

    Example: >lua
        local function gsub (s, patt, repl)
          patt = lpeg.P(patt)
          patt = lpeg.Cs((patt / repl + 1) ^ 0)
          return lpeg.match(patt, s)
        end
        assert(gsub('Hello, xxx!', 'xxx', 'World') == 'Hello, World!')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.Ct({patt})                                            *vim.lpeg.Ct()*
    Creates a table capture. This capture returns a table with all values from
    all anonymous captures made by `patt` inside this table in successive
    integer keys, starting at 1. Moreover, for each named capture group
    created by `patt`, the first value of the group is put into the table with
    the group name as its key. The captured value is only the table.

    Parameters: ~
      • {patt}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|''`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Capture`)

vim.lpeg.locale({tab})                                     *vim.lpeg.locale()*
    Returns a table with patterns for matching some character classes
    according to the current locale. The table has fields named `alnum`,
    `alpha`, `cntrl`, `digit`, `graph`, `lower`, `print`, `punct`, `space`,
    `upper`, and `xdigit`, each one containing a correspondent pattern. Each
    pattern matches any single character that belongs to its class. If called
    with an argument `table`, then it creates those fields inside the given
    table and returns that table.

    Example: >lua
        lpeg.locale(lpeg)
        local space = lpeg.space ^ 0
        local name = lpeg.C(lpeg.alpha ^ 1) * space
        local sep = lpeg.S(',;') * space
        local pair = lpeg.Cg(name * '=' * space * name) * sep ^ -1
        local list = lpeg.Cf(lpeg.Ct('') * pair ^ 0, rawset)
        local t = list:match('a=b, c = hi; next = pi')
        assert(t.a == 'b')
        assert(t.c == 'hi')
        assert(t.next == 'pi')
        local locale = lpeg.locale()
        assert(type(locale.digit) == 'userdata')
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {tab}  (`table?`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Locale`)

vim.lpeg.match({pattern}, {subject}, {init})                *vim.lpeg.match()*
    Matches the given `pattern` against the `subject` string. If the match
    succeeds, returns the index in the subject of the first character after
    the match, or the captured values (if the pattern captured any value). An
    optional numeric argument `init` makes the match start at that position in
    the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative value counts
    from the end. Unlike typical pattern-matching functions, `match` works
    only in anchored mode; that is, it tries to match the pattern with a
    prefix of the given subject string (at position `init`), not with an
    arbitrary substring of the subject. So, if we want to find a pattern
    anywhere in a string, we must either write a loop in Lua or write a
    pattern that matches anywhere.

    Example: >lua
        local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
        assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
        assert(lpeg.match(pattern, 'hello') == 6)
        assert(pattern:match('1 hello') == nil)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {pattern}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
      • {subject}  (`string`)
      • {init}     (`integer?`)

    Return: ~
        (`integer|vim.lpeg.Capture?`)

vim.lpeg.P({value})                                             *vim.lpeg.P()*
    Converts the given value into a proper pattern. The following rules are
    applied:
    • If the argument is a pattern, it is returned unmodified.
    • If the argument is a string, it is translated to a pattern that matches
      the string literally.
    • If the argument is a non-negative number `n`, the result is a pattern
      that matches exactly `n` characters.
    • If the argument is a negative number `-n`, the result is a pattern that
      succeeds only if the input string has less than `n` characters left:
      `lpeg.P(-n)` is equivalent to `-lpeg.P(n)` (see the unary minus
      operation).
    • If the argument is a boolean, the result is a pattern that always
      succeeds or always fails (according to the boolean value), without
      consuming any input.
    • If the argument is a table, it is interpreted as a grammar (see
      Grammars).
    • If the argument is a function, returns a pattern equivalent to a
      match-time capture over the empty string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {value}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.lpeg.R({...})                                               *vim.lpeg.R()*
    Returns a pattern that matches any single character belonging to one of
    the given ranges. Each `range` is a string `xy` of length 2, representing
    all characters with code between the codes of `x` and `y` (both
    inclusive). As an example, the pattern `lpeg.R('09')` matches any digit,
    and `lpeg.R('az', 'AZ')` matches any ASCII letter.

    Example: >lua
        local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
        assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {...}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.lpeg.S({string})                                            *vim.lpeg.S()*
    Returns a pattern that matches any single character that appears in the
    given string (the `S` stands for Set). As an example, the pattern
    `lpeg.S('+-*/')` matches any arithmetic operator. Note that, if `s` is a
    character (that is, a string of length 1), then `lpeg.P(s)` is equivalent
    to `lpeg.S(s)` which is equivalent to `lpeg.R(s..s)`. Note also that both
    `lpeg.S('')` and `lpeg.R()` are patterns that always fail.

    Parameters: ~
      • {string}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.lpeg.setmaxstack({max})                           *vim.lpeg.setmaxstack()*
    Sets a limit for the size of the backtrack stack used by LPeg to track
    calls and choices. The default limit is `400`. Most well-written patterns
    need little backtrack levels and therefore you seldom need to change this
    limit; before changing it you should try to rewrite your pattern to avoid
    the need for extra space. Nevertheless, a few useful patterns may
    overflow. Also, with recursive grammars, subjects with deep recursion may
    also need larger limits.

    Parameters: ~
      • {max}  (`integer`)

vim.lpeg.type({value})                                       *vim.lpeg.type()*
    Returns the string `"pattern"` if the given value is a pattern, otherwise
    `nil`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {value}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)

    Return: ~
        (`"pattern"?`)

vim.lpeg.V({v})                                                 *vim.lpeg.V()*
    Creates a non-terminal (a variable) for a grammar. This operation creates
    a non-terminal (a variable) for a grammar. The created non-terminal refers
    to the rule indexed by `v` in the enclosing grammar.

    Example: >lua
        local b = lpeg.P({'(' * ((1 - lpeg.S '()') + lpeg.V(1)) ^ 0 * ')'})
        assert(b:match('((string))') == 11)
        assert(b:match('(') == nil)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {v}  (`string|integer`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.lpeg.version()                                        *vim.lpeg.version()*
    Returns a string with the running version of LPeg.

    Return: ~
        (`string`)


==============================================================================
VIM.RE                                                                *vim.re*

The `vim.re` module provides a conventional regex-like syntax for pattern
usage within LPeg |vim.lpeg|.

See https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/re.html for the original
documentation including regex syntax and more concrete examples.


vim.re.compile({string}, {defs})                            *vim.re.compile()*
    Compiles the given {string} and returns an equivalent LPeg pattern. The
    given string may define either an expression or a grammar. The optional
    {defs} table provides extra Lua values to be used by the pattern.

    Parameters: ~
      • {string}  (`string`)
      • {defs}    (`table?`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)

vim.re.find({subject}, {pattern}, {init})                      *vim.re.find()*
    Searches the given {pattern} in the given {subject}. If it finds a match,
    returns the index where this occurrence starts and the index where it
    ends. Otherwise, returns nil.

    An optional numeric argument {init} makes the search starts at that
    position in the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative
    value counts from the end.

    Parameters: ~
      • {subject}  (`string`)
      • {pattern}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
      • {init}     (`integer?`)

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`integer?`) the index where the occurrence starts, nil if no match
        (`integer?`) the index where the occurrence ends, nil if no match

vim.re.gsub({subject}, {pattern}, {replacement})               *vim.re.gsub()*
    Does a global substitution, replacing all occurrences of {pattern} in the
    given {subject} by {replacement}.

    Parameters: ~
      • {subject}      (`string`)
      • {pattern}      (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
      • {replacement}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`string`)

vim.re.match({subject}, {pattern}, {init})                    *vim.re.match()*
    Matches the given {pattern} against the given {subject}, returning all
    captures.

    Parameters: ~
      • {subject}  (`string`)
      • {pattern}  (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
      • {init}     (`integer?`)

    Return: ~
        (`integer|vim.lpeg.Capture?`)

    See also: ~
      • vim.lpeg.match()

vim.re.updatelocale()                                  *vim.re.updatelocale()*
    Updates the pre-defined character classes to the current locale.


==============================================================================
VIM.REGEX                                                          *vim.regex*

Vim regexes can be used directly from Lua. Currently they only allow matching
within a single line.


                                                          *regex:match_line()*
regex:match_line({bufnr}, {line_idx}, {start}, {end_})
    Match line {line_idx} (zero-based) in buffer {bufnr}. If {start} and {end}
    are supplied, match only this byte index range. Otherwise see
    |regex:match_str()|. If {start} is used, then the returned byte indices
    will be relative {start}.

    Parameters: ~
      • {bufnr}     (`integer`)
      • {line_idx}  (`integer`)
      • {start}     (`integer?`)
      • {end_}      (`integer?`)

regex:match_str({str})                                     *regex:match_str()*
    Match the string against the regex. If the string should match the regex
    precisely, surround the regex with `^` and `$`. If there was a match, the
    byte indices for the beginning and end of the match are returned. When
    there is no match, `nil` is returned. Because any integer is "truthy",
    `regex:match_str()` can be directly used as a condition in an
    if-statement.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`)

vim.regex({re})                                                  *vim.regex()*
    Parse the Vim regex {re} and return a regex object. Regexes are "magic"
    and case-sensitive by default, regardless of 'magic' and 'ignorecase'.
    They can be controlled with flags, see |/magic| and |/ignorecase|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {re}  (`string`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.regex`)


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.secure                                            *vim.secure*

vim.secure.read({path})                                    *vim.secure.read()*
    Attempt to read the file at {path} prompting the user if the file should
    be trusted. The user's choice is persisted in a trust database at
    $XDG_STATE_HOME/nvim/trust.

    Parameters: ~
      • {path}  (`string`) Path to a file to read.

    Return: ~
        (`string?`) The contents of the given file if it exists and is
        trusted, or nil otherwise.

    See also: ~
      • |:trust|

vim.secure.trust({opts})                                  *vim.secure.trust()*
    Manage the trust database.

    The trust database is located at |$XDG_STATE_HOME|/nvim/trust.

    Parameters: ~
      • {opts}  (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
                • {action} (`'allow'|'deny'|'remove'`) - `'allow'` to add a
                  file to the trust database and trust it,
                • `'deny'` to add a file to the trust database and deny it,
                • `'remove'` to remove file from the trust database
                • {path}? (`string`) Path to a file to update. Mutually
                  exclusive with {bufnr}. Cannot be used when {action} is
                  "allow".
                • {bufnr}? (`integer`) Buffer number to update. Mutually
                  exclusive with {path}.

    Return (multiple): ~
        (`boolean`) success true if operation was successful
        (`string`) msg full path if operation was successful, else error
        message


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.version                                          *vim.version*

The `vim.version` module provides functions for comparing versions and ranges
conforming to the https://semver.org spec. Plugins, and plugin managers, can
use this to check available tools and dependencies on the current system.

Example: >lua
    local v = vim.version.parse(vim.fn.system({'tmux', '-V'}), {strict=false})
    if vim.version.gt(v, {3, 2, 0}) then
      -- ...
    end
<

*vim.version()* returns the version of the current Nvim process.

VERSION RANGE SPEC                                             *version-range*

A version "range spec" defines a semantic version range which can be tested
against a version, using |vim.version.range()|.

Supported range specs are shown in the following table. Note: suffixed
versions (1.2.3-rc1) are not matched. >
    1.2.3             is 1.2.3
    =1.2.3            is 1.2.3
    >1.2.3            greater than 1.2.3
    <1.2.3            before 1.2.3
    >=1.2.3           at least 1.2.3
    ~1.2.3            is >=1.2.3 <1.3.0       "reasonably close to 1.2.3"
    ^1.2.3            is >=1.2.3 <2.0.0       "compatible with 1.2.3"
    ^0.2.3            is >=0.2.3 <0.3.0       (0.x.x is special)
    ^0.0.1            is =0.0.1               (0.0.x is special)
    ^1.2              is >=1.2.0 <2.0.0       (like ^1.2.0)
    ~1.2              is >=1.2.0 <1.3.0       (like ~1.2.0)
    ^1                is >=1.0.0 <2.0.0       "compatible with 1"
    ~1                same                    "reasonably close to 1"
    1.x               same
    1.*               same
    1                 same
    *                 any version
    x                 same

    1.2.3 - 2.3.4     is >=1.2.3 <=2.3.4

    Partial right: missing pieces treated as x (2.3 => 2.3.x).
    1.2.3 - 2.3       is >=1.2.3 <2.4.0
    1.2.3 - 2         is >=1.2.3 <3.0.0

    Partial left: missing pieces treated as 0 (1.2 => 1.2.0).
    1.2 - 2.3.0       is 1.2.0 - 2.3.0
<


vim.version.cmp({v1}, {v2})                                *vim.version.cmp()*
    Parses and compares two version objects (the result of
    |vim.version.parse()|, or specified literally as a `{major, minor, patch}`
    tuple, e.g. `{1, 0, 3}`).

    Example: >lua
        if vim.version.cmp({1,0,3}, {0,2,1}) == 0 then
          -- ...
        end
        local v1 = vim.version.parse('1.0.3-pre')
        local v2 = vim.version.parse('0.2.1')
        if vim.version.cmp(v1, v2) == 0 then
          -- ...
        end
<

    Note: ~
      • Per semver, build metadata is ignored when comparing two
        otherwise-equivalent versions.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`) Version object.
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`) Version to compare with `v1`.

    Return: ~
        (`integer`) -1 if `v1 < v2`, 0 if `v1 == v2`, 1 if `v1 > v2`.

vim.version.eq({v1}, {v2})                                  *vim.version.eq()*
    Returns `true` if the given versions are equal. See |vim.version.cmp()|
    for usage.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.version.ge({v1}, {v2})                                  *vim.version.ge()*
    Returns `true` if `v1 >= v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.version.gt({v1}, {v2})                                  *vim.version.gt()*
    Returns `true` if `v1 > v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.version.last({versions})                              *vim.version.last()*
    TODO: generalize this, move to func.lua

    Parameters: ~
      • {versions}  (`vim.Version[]`)

    Return: ~
        (`vim.Version?`)

vim.version.le({v1}, {v2})                                  *vim.version.le()*
    Returns `true` if `v1 <= v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.version.lt({v1}, {v2})                                  *vim.version.lt()*
    Returns `true` if `v1 < v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.

    Parameters: ~
      • {v1}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
      • {v2}  (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.version.parse({version}, {opts})                     *vim.version.parse()*
    Parses a semantic version string and returns a version object which can be
    used with other `vim.version` functions. For example "1.0.1-rc1+build.2"
    returns: >
        { major = 1, minor = 0, patch = 1, prerelease = "rc1", build = "build.2" }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {version}  (`string`) Version string to parse.
      • {opts}     (`table?`) Optional keyword arguments:
                   • strict (boolean): Default false. If `true`, no coercion
                     is attempted on input not conforming to semver v2.0.0. If
                     `false`, `parse()` attempts to coerce input such as
                     "1.0", "0-x", "tmux 3.2a" into valid versions.

    Return: ~
        (`vim.Version?`) parsed_version Version object or `nil` if input is
        invalid.

    See also: ~
      • https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html

vim.version.range({spec})                                *vim.version.range()*
    Parses a semver |version-range| "spec" and returns a range object: >
        {
          from: Version
          to: Version
          has(v: string|Version)
        }
<

    `:has()` checks if a version is in the range (inclusive `from`, exclusive
    `to`).

    Example: >lua
        local r = vim.version.range('1.0.0 - 2.0.0')
        print(r:has('1.9.9'))       -- true
        print(r:has('2.0.0'))       -- false
        print(r:has(vim.version())) -- check against current Nvim version
<

    Or use cmp(), le(), lt(), ge(), gt(), and/or eq() to compare a version
    against `.to` and `.from` directly: >lua
        local r = vim.version.range('1.0.0 - 2.0.0') -- >=1.0, <2.0
        print(vim.version.ge({1,0,3}, r.from) and vim.version.lt({1,0,3}, r.to))
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {spec}  (`string`) Version range "spec"

    Return: ~
        (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
        • {from} (`vim.Version`)
        • {to}? (`vim.Version`)
        • {has} (`fun(self: vim.VersionRangeversion: string|vim.Version)`)

    See also: ~
      • https://github.com/npm/node-semver#ranges


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.iter                                                *vim.iter*

*vim.iter()* is an interface for |iterable|s: it wraps a table or function
argument into an *Iter* object with methods (such as |Iter:filter()| and
|Iter:map()|) that transform the underlying source data. These methods can be
chained to create iterator "pipelines": the output of each pipeline stage is
input to the next stage. The first stage depends on the type passed to
`vim.iter()`:
• List tables (arrays, |lua-list|) yield only the value of each element.
  • Use |Iter:enumerate()| to also pass the index to the next stage.
  • Or initialize with ipairs(): `vim.iter(ipairs(…))`.
• Non-list tables (|lua-dict|) yield both the key and value of each element.
• Function |iterator|s yield all values returned by the underlying function.
• Tables with a |__call()| metamethod are treated as function iterators.

The iterator pipeline terminates when the underlying |iterable| is exhausted
(for function iterators this means it returned nil).

Note: `vim.iter()` scans table input to decide if it is a list or a dict; to
avoid this cost you can wrap the table with an iterator e.g.
`vim.iter(ipairs({…}))`, but that precludes the use of |list-iterator|
operations such as |Iter:rev()|).

Examples: >lua
    local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })
    it:map(function(v)
      return v * 3
    end)
    it:rev()
    it:skip(2)
    it:totable()
    -- { 9, 6, 3 }

    -- ipairs() is a function iterator which returns both the index (i) and the value (v)
    vim.iter(ipairs({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })):map(function(i, v)
      if i > 2 then return v end
    end):totable()
    -- { 3, 4, 5 }

    local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('1,2,3,4,5', ','))
    it:map(function(s) return tonumber(s) end)
    for i, d in it:enumerate() do
      print(string.format("Column %d is %d", i, d))
    end
    -- Column 1 is 1
    -- Column 2 is 2
    -- Column 3 is 3
    -- Column 4 is 4
    -- Column 5 is 5

    vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, z = 26 }):any(function(k, v)
      return k == 'z'
    end)
    -- true

    local rb = vim.ringbuf(3)
    rb:push("a")
    rb:push("b")
    vim.iter(rb):totable()
    -- { "a", "b" }
<

In addition to the |vim.iter()| function, the |vim.iter| module provides
convenience functions like |vim.iter.filter()| and |vim.iter.totable()|.


filter({f}, {src})                                         *vim.iter.filter()*
    Filters a table or other |iterable|. >lua
        -- Equivalent to:
        vim.iter(src):filter(f):totable()
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}    (`fun(...):boolean`) Filter function. Accepts the current
               iterator or table values as arguments and returns true if those
               values should be kept in the final table
      • {src}  (`table|function`) Table or iterator function to filter

    Return: ~
        (`table`)

    See also: ~
      • |Iter:filter()|

Iter:all({pred})                                                  *Iter:all()*
    Returns true if all items in the iterator match the given predicate.

    Parameters: ~
      • {pred}  (`fun(...):boolean`) Predicate function. Takes all values
                returned from the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments
                and returns true if the predicate matches.

Iter:any({pred})                                                  *Iter:any()*
    Returns true if any of the items in the iterator match the given
    predicate.

    Parameters: ~
      • {pred}  (`fun(...):boolean`) Predicate function. Takes all values
                returned from the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments
                and returns true if the predicate matches.

Iter:each({f})                                                   *Iter:each()*
    Calls a function once for each item in the pipeline, draining the
    iterator.

    For functions with side effects. To modify the values in the iterator, use
    |Iter:map()|.

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`fun(...)`) Function to execute for each item in the pipeline.
             Takes all of the values returned by the previous stage in the
             pipeline as arguments.

Iter:enumerate()                                            *Iter:enumerate()*
    Yields the item index (count) and value for each item of an iterator
    pipeline.

    For list tables, this is more efficient: >lua
        vim.iter(ipairs(t))
<

    instead of: >lua
        vim.iter(t):enumerate()
<

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abc', '')):enumerate()
        it:next()
        -- 1	'a'
        it:next()
        -- 2	'b'
        it:next()
        -- 3	'c'
<

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:filter({f})                                               *Iter:filter()*
    Filters an iterator pipeline.

    Example: >lua
        local bufs = vim.iter(vim.api.nvim_list_bufs()):filter(vim.api.nvim_buf_is_loaded)
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`fun(...):boolean`) Takes all values returned from the previous
             stage in the pipeline and returns false or nil if the current
             iterator element should be removed.

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:find({f})                                                   *Iter:find()*
    Find the first value in the iterator that satisfies the given predicate.

    Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is
    found.

    Examples: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:find(12)
        -- 12

        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:find(20)
        -- nil

        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:find(function(v) return v % 4 == 0 end)
        -- 12
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:flatten({depth})                                         *Iter:flatten()*
    Flattens a |list-iterator|, un-nesting nested values up to the given
    {depth}. Errors if it attempts to flatten a dict-like value.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.iter({ 1, { 2 }, { { 3 } } }):flatten():totable()
        -- { 1, 2, { 3 } }

        vim.iter({1, { { a = 2 } }, { 3 } }):flatten():totable()
        -- { 1, { a = 2 }, 3 }

        vim.iter({ 1, { { a = 2 } }, { 3 } }):flatten(math.huge):totable()
        -- error: attempt to flatten a dict-like table
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {depth}  (`number?`) Depth to which |list-iterator| should be
                 flattened (defaults to 1)

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:fold({init}, {f})                                           *Iter:fold()*
    Folds ("reduces") an iterator into a single value.

    Examples: >lua
        -- Create a new table with only even values
        local t = { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4 }
        local it = vim.iter(t)
        it:filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 == 0 end)
        it:fold({}, function(t, k, v)
          t[k] = v
          return t
        end)
        -- { b = 2, d = 4 }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {init}  (`any`) Initial value of the accumulator.
      • {f}     (`fun(acc:A, ...):A`) Accumulation function.

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:join({delim})                                               *Iter:join()*
    Collect the iterator into a delimited string.

    Each element in the iterator is joined into a string separated by {delim}.

    Consumes the iterator.

    Parameters: ~
      • {delim}  (`string`) Delimiter

    Return: ~
        (`string`)

Iter:last()                                                      *Iter:last()*
    Drains the iterator and returns the last item.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abcdefg', ''))
        it:last()
        -- 'g'

        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 })
        it:last()
        -- 15
<

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:map({f})                                                     *Iter:map()*
    Maps the items of an iterator pipeline to the values returned by `f`.

    If the map function returns nil, the value is filtered from the iterator.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):map(function(v)
          if v % 2 == 0 then
            return v * 3
          end
        end)
        it:totable()
        -- { 6, 12 }
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`fun(...):any`) Mapping function. Takes all values returned from
             the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments and returns one
             or more new values, which are used in the next pipeline stage.
             Nil return values are filtered from the output.

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:next()                                                      *Iter:next()*
    Gets the next value from the iterator.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter(string.gmatch('1 2 3', '%d+')):map(tonumber)
        it:next()
        -- 1
        it:next()
        -- 2
        it:next()
        -- 3
<

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:nextback()                                              *Iter:nextback()*
    "Pops" a value from a |list-iterator| (gets the last value and decrements
    the tail).

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
        it:nextback()
        -- 4
        it:nextback()
        -- 3
<

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:nth({n})                                                     *Iter:nth()*
    Gets the nth value of an iterator (and advances to it).

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:nth(2)
        -- 6
        it:nth(2)
        -- 12
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`number`) The index of the value to return.

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:nthback({n})                                             *Iter:nthback()*
    Gets the nth value from the end of a |list-iterator| (and advances to it).

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:nthback(2)
        -- 9
        it:nthback(2)
        -- 3
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`number`) The index of the value to return.

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:peek()                                                      *Iter:peek()*
    Gets the next value in a |list-iterator| without consuming it.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
        it:peek()
        -- 3
        it:peek()
        -- 3
        it:next()
        -- 3
<

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:peekback()                                              *Iter:peekback()*
    Gets the last value of a |list-iterator| without consuming it.

    See also |Iter:last()|.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
        it:peekback()
        -- 4
        it:peekback()
        -- 4
        it:nextback()
        -- 4
<

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

Iter:rev()                                                        *Iter:rev()*
    Reverses a |list-iterator| pipeline.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):rev()
        it:totable()
        -- { 12, 9, 6, 3 }
<

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:rfind({f})                                                 *Iter:rfind()*
    Gets the first value in a |list-iterator| that satisfies a predicate,
    starting from the end.

    Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is
    found.

    Examples: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 }):enumerate()
        it:rfind(1)
        -- 5	1
        it:rfind(1)
        -- 1	1
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`any`)

    Return: ~
        (`any`)

    See also: ~
      • Iter.find

Iter:skip({n})                                                   *Iter:skip()*
    Skips `n` values of an iterator pipeline.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):skip(2)
        it:next()
        -- 9
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`number`) Number of values to skip.

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:skipback({n})                                           *Iter:skipback()*
    Skips `n` values backwards from the end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }):skipback(2)
        it:next()
        -- 1
        it:nextback()
        -- 3
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`number`) Number of values to skip.

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:slice({first}, {last})                                     *Iter:slice()*
    Sets the start and end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.

    Equivalent to `:skip(first - 1):skipback(len - last + 1)`.

    Parameters: ~
      • {first}  (`number`)
      • {last}   (`number`)

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:take({n})                                                   *Iter:take()*
    Transforms an iterator to yield only the first n values.

    Example: >lua
        local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):take(2)
        it:next()
        -- 1
        it:next()
        -- 2
        it:next()
        -- nil
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {n}  (`integer`)

    Return: ~
        (`Iter`)

Iter:totable()                                                *Iter:totable()*
    Collect the iterator into a table.

    The resulting table depends on the initial source in the iterator
    pipeline. List-like tables and function iterators will be collected into a
    list-like table. If multiple values are returned from the final stage in
    the iterator pipeline, each value will be included in a table.

    Examples: >lua
        vim.iter(string.gmatch('100 20 50', '%d+')):map(tonumber):totable()
        -- { 100, 20, 50 }

        vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3 }):map(function(v) return v, 2 * v end):totable()
        -- { { 1, 2 }, { 2, 4 }, { 3, 6 } }

        vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }):filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 ~= 0 end):totable()
        -- { { 'a', 1 }, { 'c', 3 } }
<

    The generated table is a list-like table with consecutive, numeric
    indices. To create a map-like table with arbitrary keys, use
    |Iter:fold()|.

    Return: ~
        (`table`)

map({f}, {src})                                               *vim.iter.map()*
    Maps a table or other |iterable|. >lua
        -- Equivalent to:
        vim.iter(src):map(f):totable()
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}    (`fun(...): any?`) Map function. Accepts the current iterator
               or table values as arguments and returns one or more new
               values. Nil values are removed from the final table.
      • {src}  (`table|function`) Table or iterator function to filter

    Return: ~
        (`table`)

    See also: ~
      • |Iter:map()|

totable({f})                                              *vim.iter.totable()*
    Collects an |iterable| into a table. >lua
        -- Equivalent to:
        vim.iter(f):totable()
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {f}  (`function`) Iterator function

    Return: ~
        (`table`)


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.snippet                                          *vim.snippet*

vim.snippet.active()                                    *vim.snippet.active()*
    Returns `true` if there's an active snippet in the current buffer.

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)

vim.snippet.exit()                                        *vim.snippet.exit()*
    Exits the current snippet.

vim.snippet.expand({input})                             *vim.snippet.expand()*
    Expands the given snippet text. Refer to
    https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specification/#snippet_syntax
    for the specification of valid input.

    Tabstops are highlighted with hl-SnippetTabstop.

    Parameters: ~
      • {input}  (`string`)

vim.snippet.jump({direction})                             *vim.snippet.jump()*
    Jumps within the active snippet in the given direction. If the jump isn't
    possible, the function call does nothing.

    You can use this function to navigate a snippet as follows: >lua
        vim.keymap.set({ 'i', 's' }, '<Tab>', function()
           if vim.snippet.jumpable(1) then
             return '<cmd>lua vim.snippet.jump(1)<cr>'
           else
             return '<Tab>'
           end
         end, { expr = true })
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {direction}  (`vim.snippet.Direction`) Navigation direction. -1 for
                     previous, 1 for next.

vim.snippet.jumpable({direction})                     *vim.snippet.jumpable()*
    Returns `true` if there is an active snippet which can be jumped in the
    given direction. You can use this function to navigate a snippet as
    follows: >lua
        vim.keymap.set({ 'i', 's' }, '<Tab>', function()
           if vim.snippet.jumpable(1) then
             return '<cmd>lua vim.snippet.jump(1)<cr>'
           else
             return '<Tab>'
           end
         end, { expr = true })
<

    Parameters: ~
      • {direction}  (`vim.snippet.Direction`) Navigation direction. -1 for
                     previous, 1 for next.

    Return: ~
        (`boolean`)


==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.text                                                *vim.text*

vim.text.hexdecode({enc})                               *vim.text.hexdecode()*
    Hex decode a string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {enc}  (`string`) String to decode

    Return: ~
        (`string`) Decoded string

vim.text.hexencode({str})                               *vim.text.hexencode()*
    Hex encode a string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {str}  (`string`) String to encode

    Return: ~
        (`string`) Hex encoded string


==============================================================================
Lua module: tohtml                                                *vim.tohtml*


:TOhtml {file}                                                       *:TOhtml*
Converts the buffer shown in the current window to HTML, opens the generated
HTML in a new split window, and saves its contents to {file}. If {file} is not
given, a temporary file (created by |tempname()|) is used.


tohtml.tohtml({winid}, {opt})                         *tohtml.tohtml.tohtml()*
    Converts the buffer shown in the window {winid} to HTML and returns the
    output as a list of string.

    Parameters: ~
      • {winid}  (`integer?`) Window to convert (defaults to current window)
      • {opt}    (`table?`) Optional parameters.
                 • {title}? (`string|false`, default: buffer name) Title tag
                   to set in the generated HTML code.
                 • {number_lines}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Show line
                   numbers.
                 • {font}? (`string[]|string`, default: `guifont`) Fonts to
                   use.
                 • {width}? (`integer`, default: 'textwidth' if non-zero or
                   window width otherwise) Width used for items which are
                   either right aligned or repeat a character infinitely.

    Return: ~
        (`string[]`)


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