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519 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
519 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
*term.txt* Nvim
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NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL
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Terminal UI *tui*
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Nvim (except in |--headless| mode) uses information about the terminal you are
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using to present a built-in UI. If that information is not correct, the
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screen may be messed up or keys may not be recognized.
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Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
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==============================================================================
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Startup *startup-terminal*
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Nvim (except in |--headless| mode) guesses a terminal type when it starts.
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|$TERM| is the primary hint that determines the terminal type.
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*terminfo* *E557* *E558* *E559*
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The terminfo database is used if available.
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The Unibilium library (used by Nvim to read terminfo) allows you to override
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the system terminfo with one in $HOME/.terminfo/ directory, in part or in
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whole.
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Building your own terminfo is usually as simple as running this as
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a non-superuser:
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>
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curl -LO http://invisible-island.net/datafiles/current/terminfo.src.gz
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gunzip terminfo.src.gz
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tic terminfo.src
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<
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*$TERM*
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The $TERM environment variable must match the terminal you are using!
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Otherwise Nvim cannot know what sequences your terminal expects, and weird
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or sub-optimal behavior will result (scrolling quirks, wrong colors, etc.).
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$TERM is also important because it is mirrored by SSH to the remote session,
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unlike most other environment variables.
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For this terminal Set $TERM to |builtin-terms|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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iTerm (original) iterm, iTerm.app N
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iTerm2 (new capabilities) iterm2, iTerm2.app Y
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Konsole konsole-256color N
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anything libvte-based vte, vte-256color Y
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(e.g. GNOME Terminal) (aliases: gnome, gnome-256color)
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tmux tmux, tmux-256color Y
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screen screen, screen-256color Y
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PuTTY putty, putty-256color Y
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Terminal.app nsterm N
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Linux virtual terminal linux, linux-256color Y
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*builtin-terms* *builtin_terms*
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If a |terminfo| database is not available, or no entry for the terminal type is
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found in that database, Nvim will use a compiled-in mini-database of terminfo
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entries for "xterm", "putty", "screen", "tmux", "rxvt", "iterm", "interix",
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"linux", "st", "vte", "gnome", and "ansi".
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The lookup matches the initial portion of the terminal type, so (for example)
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"putty-256color" and "putty" will both be mapped to the built-in "putty"
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entry. The built-in terminfo entries describe the terminal as 256-colour
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capable if possible. See |tui-colors|.
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If no built-in terminfo record matches the terminal type, the built-in "ansi"
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terminfo record is used as a final fallback.
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The built-in mini-database is not combined with an external terminfo database,
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nor can it be used in preference to one. You can thus entirely override any
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omissions or out-of-date information in the built-in terminfo database by
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supplying an external one with entries for the terminal type.
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Settings depending on terminal *term-dependent-settings*
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If you want to set terminal-dependent options or mappings, you can do this in
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your init.vim. Example: >
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if $TERM =~ '^\(rxvt\|screen\|interix\|putty\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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set notermguicolors
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elseif $TERM =~ '^\(tmux\|iterm\|vte\|gnome\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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set termguicolors
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elseif $TERM =~ '^\(xterm\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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if $XTERM_VERSION != ''
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set termguicolors
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elseif $KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME != ''
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set termguicolors
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elseif $VTE_VERSION != ''
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set termguicolors
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else
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set notermguicolors
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endif
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elseif $TERM =~ ...
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... and so forth ...
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endif
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<
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*scroll-region* *xterm-scroll-region*
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Where possible, Nvim will use the terminal's ability to set a scroll region in
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order to redraw faster when a window is scrolled. If the terminal's terminfo
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description describes an ability to set top and bottom scroll margins, that is
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used.
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This will not speed up scrolling in a window that is not the full width of the
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terminal. Xterm has an extra ability, not described by terminfo, to set left
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and right scroll margins as well. If Nvim detects that the terminal is Xterm,
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it will make use of this ability to speed up scrolling that is not the full
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width of the terminal.
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This ability is only present in genuine Xterm, not in the many terminal
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emulators that incorrectly describe themselves as xterm. Nvim's detection of
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genuine Xterm will not work over an SSH connection, because the environment
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variable, set by genuine Xterm, that it looks for is not automatically
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replicated over an SSH login session.
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*tui-colors*
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Nvim uses 256 colours by default, ignoring |terminfo| for most terminal types,
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including "linux" (whose virtual terminals have had 256-colour support since
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4.8) and anything claiming to be "xterm". Also when $COLORTERM or $TERM
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contain the string "256".
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Nvim similarly assumes that any terminal emulator that sets $COLORTERM to any
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value, is capable of at least 16-colour operation.
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*true-color* *xterm-true-color*
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Nvim emits true (24-bit) colours in the terminal, if 'termguicolors' is set.
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It uses the "setrgbf" and "setrgbb" |terminfo| extensions (proposed by Rüdiger
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Sonderfeld in 2013). If your terminfo definition is missing them, then Nvim
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will decide whether to add them to your terminfo definition, using the ISO
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8613-6:1994/ITU T.416:1993 control sequences for setting RGB colours (but
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modified to use semicolons instead of colons unless the terminal is known to
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follow the standard).
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Another convention, pioneered in 2016 by tmux, is the "Tc" terminfo extension.
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If terminfo has this flag, Nvim will add constructed "setrgbf" and "setrgbb"
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capabilities as if they had been in the terminfo definition.
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If terminfo does not (yet) have this flag, Nvim will fall back to $TERM and
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other environment variables. It will add constructed "setrgbf" and "setrgbb"
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capabilities in the case of the the "rxvt", "linux", "st", "tmux", and "iterm"
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terminal types, or when Konsole, genuine Xterm, a libvte terminal emulator
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version 0.36 or later, or a terminal emulator that sets the COLORTERM
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environment variable to "truecolor" is detected.
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*xterm-resize*
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Nvim can resize the terminal display on some terminals that implement an
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extension pioneered by dtterm. |terminfo| does not have a flag for this
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extension. So Nvim simply assumes that (all) "dtterm", "xterm", "teraterm",
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"rxvt" terminal types, and Konsole, are capable of this.
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*tui-cursor-shape*
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Nvim will adjust the shape of the cursor from a block to a line when in insert
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mode (or as specified by the 'guicursor' option), on terminals that support
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it. It uses the same |terminfo| extensions that were pioneered by tmux for
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this: "Ss" and "Se".
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If your terminfo definition is missing them, then Nvim will decide whether to
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add them to your terminfo definition, by looking at $TERM and other
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environment variables. For the "rxvt", "putty", "linux", "screen",
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"teraterm", and "iterm" terminal types, or when Konsole, a libvte-based
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terminal emulator, or genuine Xterm are detected, it will add constructed
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"Ss" and "Se" capabilities.
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Note: Sometimes it will appear that Nvim when run within tmux is not changing
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the cursor, but in fact it is tmux receiving instructions from Nvim to change
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the cursor and not knowing what to do in turn. tmux has to translate what it
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receives from Nvim into whatever control sequence is appropriate for the
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terminal that it is outputting to. It shares a common mechanism with Nvim, of
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using the "Ss" and "Se" capabilities from terminfo (for the output terminal)
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if they are present. Unlike Nvim, if they are not present in terminfo you
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must add them by setting "terminal-overrides" in ~/.tmux.conf .
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See the tmux(1) manual page for the details of how and what to do in the tmux
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configuration file. It will look something like: >
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set -ga terminal-overrides '*:Ss=\E[%p1%d q:Se=\E[ q'
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<or (alas!) for Konsole specifically, something more complex like: >
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set -ga terminal-overrides 'xterm*:\E]50;CursorShape=%?%p1%{3}%<%t%{0}%e%{1}%;%d\007'
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<
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*cs7-problem*
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Note: If the terminal settings are changed after running Vim, you might have
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an illegal combination of settings. This has been reported on Solaris 2.5
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with "stty cs8 parenb", which is restored as "stty cs7 parenb". Use
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"stty cs8 -parenb -istrip" instead, this is restored correctly.
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Many cursor key codes start with an <Esc>. Vim must find out if this is a
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single hit of the <Esc> key or the start of a cursor key sequence. It waits
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for a next character to arrive. If it does not arrive within one second a
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single <Esc> is assumed. On very slow systems this may fail, causing cursor
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keys not to work sometimes. If you discover this problem reset the 'timeout'
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option. Vim will wait for the next character to arrive after an <Esc>. If
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you want to enter a single <Esc> you must type it twice.
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Some terminals have confusing codes for the cursor keys. The televideo 925 is
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such a terminal. It sends a CTRL-H for cursor-left. This would make it
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impossible to distinguish a backspace and cursor-left. To avoid this problem
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CTRL-H is never recognized as cursor-left.
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*vt100-cursor-keys* *xterm-cursor-keys*
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Other terminals (e.g., vt100 and xterm) have cursor keys that send <Esc>OA,
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<Esc>OB, etc. Unfortunately these are valid commands in insert mode: Stop
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insert, Open a new line above the new one, start inserting 'A', 'B', etc.
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Instead of performing these commands Vim will erroneously recognize this typed
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key sequence as a cursor key movement. To avoid this and make Vim do what you
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want in either case you could use these settings: >
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:set notimeout " don't timeout on mappings
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:set ttimeout " do timeout on terminal key codes
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:set timeoutlen=100 " timeout after 100 msec
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This requires the key-codes to be sent within 100 msec in order to recognize
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them as a cursor key. When you type you normally are not that fast, so they
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are recognized as individual typed commands, even though Vim receives the same
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sequence of bytes.
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==============================================================================
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Window size *window-size*
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[This is about the size of the whole window Vim is using, not a window that is
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created with the ":split" command.]
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On Unix systems, three methods are tried to get the window size:
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- an ioctl call (TIOCGSIZE or TIOCGWINSZ, depends on your system)
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- the environment variables "LINES" and "COLUMNS"
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- from the |terminfo| entries "lines" and "columns"
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If everything fails a default size of 24 lines and 80 columns is assumed. If
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a window-resize signal is received the size will be set again. If the window
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size is wrong you can use the 'lines' and 'columns' options to set the
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correct values. See |:mode|.
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==============================================================================
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Slow and fast terminals *slow-fast-terminal*
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*slow-terminal*
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If you have a slow terminal you may want to reset the 'showcmd' and 'ruler'
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options. The command characters and cursor positions will not be shown in the
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status line (which involves a lot of cursor motions and attribute changes for
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every keypress or movement). If the terminal scrolls very slowly, set the
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'scrolljump' to 5 or so. If the cursor is moved off the screen (e.g., with
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"j") Vim will scroll 5 lines at a time. Another possibility is to reduce the
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number of lines that Vim uses with the command "z{height}<CR>".
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If the characters from the terminal are arriving with more than 1 second
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between them you might want to set the 'timeout' and/or 'ttimeout' option.
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See the "Options" chapter |options|.
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If you are using a color terminal that is slow when displaying lines beyond
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the end of a buffer, this is because Nvim is drawing the whitespace twice, in
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two sets of colours and attributes. To prevent this, use this command: >
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hi NonText cterm=NONE ctermfg=NONE
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This draws the spaces with the default colours and attributes, which allows the
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second pass of drawing to be optimized away. Note: Although in theory the
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colours of whitespace are immaterial, in practice they change the colours of
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cursors and selections that cross them. This may have a visible, but minor,
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effect on some UIs.
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==============================================================================
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Using the mouse *mouse-using*
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This section is about using the mouse on a terminal or a terminal window. How
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to use the mouse in a GUI window is explained in |gui-mouse|. For scrolling
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with a mouse wheel see |scroll-mouse-wheel|.
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These characters in the 'mouse' option tell in which situations the mouse will
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be used by Vim:
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n Normal mode
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v Visual mode
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i Insert mode
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c Command-line mode
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h all previous modes when in a help file
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a all previous modes
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r for |hit-enter| prompt
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If you only want to use the mouse in a few modes or also want to use it for
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the two questions you will have to concatenate the letters for those modes.
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For example: >
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:set mouse=nv
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Will make the mouse work in Normal mode and Visual mode. >
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:set mouse=h
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Will make the mouse work in help files only (so you can use "g<LeftMouse>" to
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jump to tags).
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Whether the selection that is started with the mouse is in Visual mode or
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Select mode depends on whether "mouse" is included in the 'selectmode'
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option.
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In an xterm, with the currently active mode included in the 'mouse' option,
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normal mouse clicks are used by Vim, mouse clicks with the shift or ctrl key
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pressed go to the xterm. With the currently active mode not included in
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'mouse' all mouse clicks go to the xterm.
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*xterm-clipboard*
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The middle mouse button will insert the unnamed register. In that case, here
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is how you copy and paste a piece of text:
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Copy/paste with the mouse and Visual mode ('mouse' option must be set, see
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above):
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1. Press left mouse button on first letter of text, move mouse pointer to last
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letter of the text and release the button. This will start Visual mode and
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highlight the selected area.
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2. Press "y" to yank the Visual text in the unnamed register.
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3. Click the left mouse button at the insert position.
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4. Click the middle mouse button.
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Shortcut: If the insert position is on the screen at the same time as the
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Visual text, you can do 2, 3 and 4 all in one: Click the middle mouse button
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at the insert position.
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*xterm-copy-paste*
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NOTE: In some (older) xterms, it's not possible to move the cursor past column
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95 or 223. This is an xterm problem, not Vim's. Get a newer xterm
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|color-xterm|.
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Copy/paste in xterm with (current mode NOT included in 'mouse'):
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1. Press left mouse button on first letter of text, move mouse pointer to last
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letter of the text and release the button.
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2. Use normal Vim commands to put the cursor at the insert position.
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3. Press "a" to start Insert mode.
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4. Click the middle mouse button.
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5. Press ESC to end Insert mode.
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(The same can be done with anything in 'mouse' if you keep the shift key
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pressed while using the mouse.)
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Note: if you lose the 8th bit when pasting (special characters are translated
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into other characters), you may have to do "stty cs8 -istrip -parenb" in your
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shell before starting Vim.
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Thus in an xterm the shift and ctrl keys cannot be used with the mouse. Mouse
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commands requiring the CTRL modifier can be simulated by typing the "g" key
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before using the mouse:
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"g<LeftMouse>" is "<C-LeftMouse> (jump to tag under mouse click)
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"g<RightMouse>" is "<C-RightMouse> ("CTRL-T")
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*bracketed-paste-mode*
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Bracketed paste mode allows terminal applications to distinguish between typed
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text and pasted text. Thus you can paste text without Nvim trying to format or
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indent the text. See also https://cirw.in/blog/bracketed-paste
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Nvim enables bracketed paste by default. If it does not work in your terminal,
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try the 'paste' option instead.
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*mouse-mode-table* *mouse-overview*
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A short overview of what the mouse buttons do, when 'mousemodel' is "extend":
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Normal Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<LeftMouse> yes end yes
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<C-LeftMouse> yes end yes "CTRL-]" (2)
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<S-LeftMouse> yes no change yes "*" (2) *<S-LeftMouse>*
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<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no *<LeftDrag>*
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<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no
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<MiddleMouse> yes if not active no put
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<MiddleMouse> yes if active no yank and put
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<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes
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<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes *<A-RightMouse>*
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<S-RightMouse> yes no change yes "#" (2) *<S-RightMouse>*
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<C-RightMouse> no no change no "CTRL-T"
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<RightDrag> yes extend no *<RightDrag>*
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<RightRelease> yes extend no *<RightRelease>*
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Insert or Replace Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes
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<C-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O^]" (2)
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<S-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O*" (2)
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<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<MiddleMouse> no (cannot be active) no put register
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<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes like CTRL-O
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<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes
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<S-RightMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O#" (2)
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<C-RightMouse> no (cannot be active) no "CTRL-O CTRL-T"
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In a help window:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<2-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) no "^]" (jump to help tag)
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When 'mousemodel' is "popup", these are different:
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Normal Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no
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<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no *<A-LeftMouse>*
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<RightMouse> no popup menu no
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Insert or Replace Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no
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<RightMouse> no popup menu no
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(1) only if mouse pointer moved since press
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(2) only if click is in same buffer
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Clicking the left mouse button causes the cursor to be positioned. If the
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click is in another window that window is made the active window. When
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editing the command-line the cursor can only be positioned on the
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command-line. When in Insert mode Vim remains in Insert mode. If 'scrolloff'
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is set, and the cursor is positioned within 'scrolloff' lines from the window
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border, the text is scrolled.
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A selection can be started by pressing the left mouse button on the first
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character, moving the mouse to the last character, then releasing the mouse
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button. You will not always see the selection until you release the button,
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only in some versions (GUI, Windows) will the dragging be shown immediately.
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Note that you can make the text scroll by moving the mouse at least one
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character in the first/last line in the window when 'scrolloff' is non-zero.
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In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button causes the
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Visual area to be extended. When 'mousemodel' is "popup", the left button has
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to be used while keeping the shift key pressed. When clicking in a window
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which is editing another buffer, the Visual or Select mode is stopped.
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In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button with the alt
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key pressed causes the Visual area to become blockwise. When 'mousemodel' is
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"popup" the left button has to be used with the alt key. Note that this won't
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work on systems where the window manager consumes the mouse events when the
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alt key is pressed (it may move the window).
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*double-click*
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Double, triple and quadruple clicks are supported when the GUI is active, for
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Windows and for an xterm. For selecting text, extra clicks extend the
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selection:
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click select ~
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double word or % match *<2-LeftMouse>*
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triple line *<3-LeftMouse>*
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|
quadruple rectangular block *<4-LeftMouse>*
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|
Exception: In a Help window a double click jumps to help for the word that is
|
|
clicked on.
|
|
A double click on a word selects that word. 'iskeyword' is used to specify
|
|
which characters are included in a word. A double click on a character
|
|
that has a match selects until that match (like using "v%"). If the match is
|
|
an #if/#else/#endif block, the selection becomes linewise.
|
|
For MS-DOS and xterm the time for double clicking can be set with the
|
|
'mousetime' option. For the other systems this time is defined outside of
|
|
Vim.
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|
An example, for using a double click to jump to the tag under the cursor: >
|
|
:map <2-LeftMouse> :exe "tag ". expand("<cword>")<CR>
|
|
|
|
Dragging the mouse with a double click (button-down, button-up, button-down
|
|
and then drag) will result in whole words to be selected. This continues
|
|
until the button is released, at which point the selection is per character
|
|
again.
|
|
|
|
In Insert mode, when a selection is started, Vim goes into Normal mode
|
|
temporarily. When Visual or Select mode ends, it returns to Insert mode.
|
|
This is like using CTRL-O in Insert mode. Select mode is used when the
|
|
'selectmode' option contains "mouse".
|
|
*drag-status-line*
|
|
When working with several windows, the size of the windows can be changed by
|
|
dragging the status line with the mouse. Point the mouse at a status line,
|
|
press the left button, move the mouse to the new position of the status line,
|
|
release the button. Just clicking the mouse in a status line makes that window
|
|
the current window, without moving the cursor. If by selecting a window it
|
|
will change position or size, the dragging of the status line will look
|
|
confusing, but it will work (just try it).
|
|
|
|
*<MiddleRelease>* *<MiddleDrag>*
|
|
Mouse clicks can be mapped. The codes for mouse clicks are:
|
|
code mouse button normal action ~
|
|
<LeftMouse> left pressed set cursor position
|
|
<LeftDrag> left moved while pressed extend selection
|
|
<LeftRelease> left released set selection end
|
|
<MiddleMouse> middle pressed paste text at cursor position
|
|
<MiddleDrag> middle moved while pressed -
|
|
<MiddleRelease> middle released -
|
|
<RightMouse> right pressed extend selection
|
|
<RightDrag> right moved while pressed extend selection
|
|
<RightRelease> right released set selection end
|
|
<X1Mouse> X1 button pressed - *X1Mouse*
|
|
<X1Drag> X1 moved while pressed - *X1Drag*
|
|
<X1Release> X1 button release - *X1Release*
|
|
<X2Mouse> X2 button pressed - *X2Mouse*
|
|
<X2Drag> X2 moved while pressed - *X2Drag*
|
|
<X2Release> X2 button release - *X2Release*
|
|
|
|
The X1 and X2 buttons refer to the extra buttons found on some mice. The
|
|
'Microsoft Explorer' mouse has these buttons available to the right thumb.
|
|
Currently X1 and X2 only work on Win32 and X11 environments.
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
:noremap <MiddleMouse> <LeftMouse><MiddleMouse>
|
|
Paste at the position of the middle mouse button click (otherwise the paste
|
|
would be done at the cursor position). >
|
|
|
|
:noremap <LeftRelease> <LeftRelease>y
|
|
Immediately yank the selection, when using Visual mode.
|
|
|
|
Note the use of ":noremap" instead of "map" to avoid a recursive mapping.
|
|
>
|
|
:map <X1Mouse> <C-O>
|
|
:map <X2Mouse> <C-I>
|
|
Map the X1 and X2 buttons to go forwards and backwards in the jump list, see
|
|
|CTRL-O| and |CTRL-I|.
|
|
|
|
*mouse-swap-buttons*
|
|
To swap the meaning of the left and right mouse buttons: >
|
|
:noremap <LeftMouse> <RightMouse>
|
|
:noremap <LeftDrag> <RightDrag>
|
|
:noremap <LeftRelease> <RightRelease>
|
|
:noremap <RightMouse> <LeftMouse>
|
|
:noremap <RightDrag> <LeftDrag>
|
|
:noremap <RightRelease> <LeftRelease>
|
|
:noremap g<LeftMouse> <C-RightMouse>
|
|
:noremap g<RightMouse> <C-LeftMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftMouse> <RightMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftDrag> <RightDrag>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftRelease> <RightRelease>
|
|
:noremap! <RightMouse> <LeftMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <RightDrag> <LeftDrag>
|
|
:noremap! <RightRelease> <LeftRelease>
|
|
<
|
|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|