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neovim/runtime/doc/lua.txt
Jonas Strittmatter acb7a90281
refactor(runtime): port scripts.vim to lua (#18710)
2022-07-03 15:31:56 +02:00

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*lua.txt* Nvim
NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL
Lua engine *lua* *Lua*
Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
==============================================================================
INTRODUCTION *lua-intro*
The Lua 5.1 language is builtin and always available. Try this command to get
an idea of what lurks beneath: >
:lua print(vim.inspect(package.loaded))
<
Nvim includes a "standard library" |lua-stdlib| for Lua. It complements the
"editor stdlib" (|builtin-functions| and Ex commands) and the |API|, all of
which can be used from Lua code. A good overview of using Lua in neovim is
given by https://github.com/nanotee/nvim-lua-guide.
The |:source| and |:runtime| commands can run Lua scripts as well as Vim
scripts. Lua modules can be loaded with `require('name')`, which
conventionally returns a table but can return any value.
See |lua-require| for details on how Nvim finds and loads Lua modules.
See |lua-require-example| for an example of how to write and use a module.
==============================================================================
IMPORTING LUA MODULES *lua-require*
Modules are searched for under the directories specified in 'runtimepath', in
the order they appear. Any `.` in the module name is treated as a directory
separator when searching. For a module `foo.bar`, each directory is searched
for `lua/foo/bar.lua`, then `lua/foo/bar/init.lua`. If no files are found,
the directories are searched again for a shared library with a name matching
`lua/foo/bar.?`, where `?` is a list of suffixes (such as `so` or `dll`) derived from
the initial value of `package.cpath`. If still no files are found, Nvim falls
back to Lua's default search mechanism. The first script found is run and
`require()` returns the value returned by the script if any, else `true`.
The return value is cached after the first call to `require()` for each module,
with subsequent calls returning the cached value without searching for, or
executing any script. For further details on `require()`, see the Lua
documentation at https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#pdf-require.
For example, if 'runtimepath' is `foo,bar` and `package.cpath` was
`./?.so;./?.dll` at startup, `require('mod')` searches these paths in order
and loads the first module found:
foo/lua/mod.lua
foo/lua/mod/init.lua
bar/lua/mod.lua
bar/lua/mod/init.lua
foo/lua/mod.so
foo/lua/mod.dll
bar/lua/mod.so
bar/lua/mod.dll
Nvim automatically adjusts `package.path` and `package.cpath` according to the
effective 'runtimepath' value. Adjustment happens whenever 'runtimepath' is
changed. `package.path` is adjusted by simply appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each directory from 'runtimepath' (`/` is actually the
first character of `package.config`).
Similarly to `package.path`, modified directories from 'runtimepath' are also
added to `package.cpath`. In this case, instead of appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each runtimepath, all unique `?`-containing suffixes of
the existing `package.cpath` are used. Example:
1. Given that
- 'runtimepath' contains `/foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc`;
- initial (defined at compile-time or derived from
`$LUA_CPATH`/`$LUA_INIT`) `package.cpath` contains
`./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so`.
2. It finds `?`-containing suffixes `/?.so`, `/a?d/j/g.elf` and `/?.so`, in
order: parts of the path starting from the first path component containing
question mark and preceding path separator.
3. The suffix of `/def/?.so`, namely `/?.so` is not unique, as it’s the same
as the suffix of the first path from `package.path` (i.e. `./?.so`). Which
leaves `/?.so` and `/a?d/j/g.elf`, in this order.
4. 'runtimepath' has three paths: `/foo/bar`, `/xxx;yyy/baz` and `/abc`. The
second one contains a semicolon which is a paths separator so it is out,
leaving only `/foo/bar` and `/abc`, in order.
5. The cartesian product of paths from 4. and suffixes from 3. is taken,
giving four variants. In each variant, a `/lua` path segment is inserted
between path and suffix, leaving:
- `/foo/bar/lua/?.so`
- `/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
- `/abc/lua/?.so`
- `/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
6. New paths are prepended to the original `package.cpath`.
The result will look like this:
`/foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc` ('runtimepath')
× `./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so` (`package.cpath`)
= `/foo/bar/lua/?.so;/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;/abc/lua/?.so;/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so`
Note:
- To track 'runtimepath' updates, paths added at previous update are
remembered and removed at the next update, while all paths derived from the
new 'runtimepath' are prepended as described above. This allows removing
paths when path is removed from 'runtimepath', adding paths when they are
added and reordering `package.path`/`package.cpath` content if 'runtimepath'
was reordered.
- Although adjustments happen automatically, Nvim does not track current
values of `package.path` or `package.cpath`. If you happen to delete some
paths from there you can set 'runtimepath' to trigger an update: >
let &runtimepath = &runtimepath
- Skipping paths from 'runtimepath' which contain semicolons applies both to
`package.path` and `package.cpath`. Given that there are some badly written
plugins using shell, which will not work with paths containing semicolons,
it is better to not have them in 'runtimepath' at all.
==============================================================================
Lua Syntax Information *lua-syntax-help*
While Lua has a simple syntax, there are a few things to understand,
particularly when looking at the documentation above.
*lua-syntax-call-function*
Lua functions can be called in multiple ways. Consider the function: >
local example_func = function(a, b)
print("A is: ", a)
print("B is: ", b)
end
<
The first way to call this function is: >
example_func(1, 2)
-- ==== Result ====
-- A is: 1
-- B is: 2
<
This way of calling a function is familiar from most scripting languages.
In Lua, it's important to understand that any function arguments that are
not supplied are automatically set to `nil`. For example: >
example_func(1)
-- ==== Result ====
-- A is: 1
-- B is: nil
<
Additionally, if any extra parameters are passed, they are discarded
completely.
In Lua, it is also possible to omit the parentheses (only) if the function
takes a single string or table literal (`"foo"` or "`{1,2,3}`", respectively).
The latter is most often used to approximate "keyword-style" arguments with a
single dictionary, for example: >
local func_with_opts = function(opts)
local will_do_foo = opts.foo
local filename = opts.filename
...
end
func_with_opts { foo = true, filename = "hello.world" }
<
In this style, each "parameter" is passed via keyword. It is still valid
to call the function in the standard style: >
func_with_opts({ foo = true, filename = "hello.world" })
<
But often in the documentation, you will see the former rather than the
latter style due to its brevity.
==============================================================================
Lua Patterns *lua-patterns*
For performance reasons, Lua does not support regular expressions natively.
Instead, the Lua `string` standard library allows manipulations using a
restricted set of "patterns", see https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1
Examples (`string.match` extracts the first match): >
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "%d+"))
-- -> 123
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[^%d]+"))
-- -> foo
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[abc]+"))
-- -> ba
print(string.match("foo.bar", "%.bar"))
-- -> .bar
For more complex matching, Vim regular expressions can be used from Lua
through |vim.regex()|.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LUA PLUGIN EXAMPLE *lua-require-example*
The following example plugin adds a command `:MakeCharBlob` which transforms
current buffer into a long `unsigned char` array. Lua contains transformation
function in a module `lua/charblob.lua` which is imported in
`autoload/charblob.vim` (`require("charblob")`). Example plugin is supposed
to be put into any directory from 'runtimepath', e.g. `~/.config/nvim` (in
this case `lua/charblob.lua` means `~/.config/nvim/lua/charblob.lua`).
autoload/charblob.vim: >
function charblob#encode_buffer()
call setline(1, luaeval(
\ 'require("charblob").encode(unpack(_A))',
\ [getline(1, '$'), &textwidth, ' ']))
endfunction
<
plugin/charblob.vim: >
if exists('g:charblob_loaded')
finish
endif
let g:charblob_loaded = 1
command MakeCharBlob :call charblob#encode_buffer()
<
lua/charblob.lua: >
local function charblob_bytes_iter(lines)
local init_s = {
next_line_idx = 1,
next_byte_idx = 1,
lines = lines,
}
local function next(s, _)
if lines[s.next_line_idx] == nil then
return nil
end
if s.next_byte_idx > #(lines[s.next_line_idx]) then
s.next_line_idx = s.next_line_idx + 1
s.next_byte_idx = 1
return ('\n'):byte()
end
local ret = lines[s.next_line_idx]:byte(s.next_byte_idx)
if ret == ('\n'):byte() then
ret = 0 -- See :h NL-used-for-NUL.
end
s.next_byte_idx = s.next_byte_idx + 1
return ret
end
return next, init_s, nil
end
local function charblob_encode(lines, textwidth, indent)
local ret = {
'const unsigned char blob[] = {',
indent,
}
for byte in charblob_bytes_iter(lines) do
-- .- space + number (width 3) + comma
if #(ret[#ret]) + 5 > textwidth then
ret[#ret + 1] = indent
else
ret[#ret] = ret[#ret] .. ' '
end
ret[#ret] = ret[#ret] .. (('%3u,'):format(byte))
end
ret[#ret + 1] = '};'
return ret
end
return {
bytes_iter = charblob_bytes_iter,
encode = charblob_encode,
}
<
==============================================================================
COMMANDS *lua-commands*
These commands execute a Lua chunk from either the command line (:lua, :luado)
or a file (:luafile) on the given line [range]. As always in Lua, each chunk
has its own scope (closure), so only global variables are shared between
command calls. The |lua-stdlib| modules, user modules, and anything else on
|lua-package-path| are available.
The Lua print() function redirects its output to the Nvim message area, with
arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
*:lua*
:lua {chunk}
Executes Lua chunk {chunk}.
If {chunk} starts with "=" the rest of the chunk is
evaluated as an expression and printed. `:lua =expr`
is equivalent to `:lua print(vim.inspect(expr))`
Examples: >
:lua vim.api.nvim_command('echo "Hello, Nvim!"')
< To see the Lua version: >
:lua print(_VERSION)
< To see the LuaJIT version: >
:lua =jit.version
<
*:lua-heredoc*
:lua << [endmarker]
{script}
{endmarker}
Executes Lua script {script} from within Vimscript.
{endmarker} must NOT be preceded by whitespace. You
can omit [endmarker] after the "<<" and use a dot "."
after {script} (similar to |:append|, |:insert|).
Example:
>
function! CurrentLineInfo()
lua << EOF
local linenr = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
local curline = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(
0, linenr - 1, linenr, false)[1]
print(string.format("Current line [%d] has %d bytes",
linenr, #curline))
EOF
endfunction
<
Note that the `local` variables will disappear when
the block finishes. But not globals.
*:luado*
:[range]luado {body} Executes Lua chunk "function(line, linenr) {body} end"
for each buffer line in [range], where `line` is the
current line text (without <EOL>), and `linenr` is the
current line number. If the function returns a string
that becomes the text of the corresponding buffer
line. Default [range] is the whole file: "1,$".
Examples:
>
:luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line)
:lua require"lpeg"
:lua -- balanced parenthesis grammar:
:lua bp = lpeg.P{ "(" * ((1 - lpeg.S"()") + lpeg.V(1))^0 * ")" }
:luado if bp:match(line) then return "-->\t" .. line end
<
*:luafile*
:luafile {file}
Execute Lua script in {file}.
The whole argument is used as the filename (like
|:edit|), spaces do not need to be escaped.
Alternatively you can |:source| Lua files.
Examples: >
:luafile script.lua
:luafile %
<
==============================================================================
luaeval() *lua-eval* *luaeval()*
The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Nvim is
"luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument used
for _A inside expression and returns the result of the expression. It is
semantically equivalent in Lua to: >
local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return "
function luaeval (expstr, arg)
local chunk = assert(loadstring(chunkheader .. expstr, "luaeval"))
return chunk(arg) -- return typval
end
<
Lua nils, numbers, strings, tables and booleans are converted to their
respective Vimscript types. If a Lua string contains a NUL byte, it will be
converted to a |Blob|. Conversion of other Lua types is an error.
The magic global "_A" contains the second argument to luaeval().
Example: >
:echo luaeval('_A[1] + _A[2]', [40, 2])
42
:echo luaeval('string.match(_A, "[a-z]+")', 'XYXfoo123')
foo
<
Lua tables are used as both dictionaries and lists, so it is impossible to
determine whether empty table is meant to be empty list or empty dictionary.
Additionally Lua does not have integer numbers. To distinguish between these
cases there is the following agreement:
0. Empty table is empty list.
1. Table with N incrementally growing integral numbers, starting from 1 and
ending with N is considered to be a list.
2. Table with string keys, none of which contains NUL byte, is considered to
be a dictionary.
3. Table with string keys, at least one of which contains NUL byte, is also
considered to be a dictionary, but this time it is converted to
a |msgpack-special-map|.
*lua-special-tbl*
4. Table with `vim.type_idx` key may be a dictionary, a list or floating-point
value:
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.float, [vim.val_idx]=1}` is converted to
a floating-point 1.0. Note that by default integral Lua numbers are
converted to |Number|s, non-integral are converted to |Float|s. This
variant allows integral |Float|s.
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary}` is converted to an empty
dictionary, `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary, [42]=1, a=2}` is
converted to a dictionary `{'a': 42}`: non-string keys are ignored.
Without `vim.type_idx` key tables with keys not fitting in 1., 2. or 3.
are errors.
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array}` is converted to an empty list. As well
as `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array, [42]=1}`: integral keys that do not
form a 1-step sequence from 1 to N are ignored, as well as all
non-integral keys.
Examples: >
:echo luaeval('math.pi')
:function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y
: return luaeval('(_A.y-_A.x)*math.random()+_A.x', {'x':a:x,'y':a:y})
: endfunction
:echo Rand(1,10)
<
Note: Second argument to `luaeval` is converted ("marshalled") from Vimscript
to Lua, so changes to Lua containers do not affect values in Vimscript. Return
value is also always converted. When converting, |msgpack-special-dict|s are
treated specially.
==============================================================================
Vimscript v:lua interface *v:lua-call*
From Vimscript the special `v:lua` prefix can be used to call Lua functions
which are global or accessible from global tables. The expression >
v:lua.func(arg1, arg2)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >
return func(...)
where the args are converted to Lua values. The expression >
v:lua.somemod.func(args)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >
return somemod.func(...)
In addition, functions of packages can be accessed like >
v:lua.require'mypack'.func(arg1, arg2)
v:lua.require'mypack.submod'.func(arg1, arg2)
Note: Only single quote form without parens is allowed. Using
`require"mypack"` or `require('mypack')` as prefixes do NOT work (the latter
is still valid as a function call of itself, in case require returns a useful
value).
The `v:lua` prefix may be used to call Lua functions as |method|s. For
example: >
arg1->v:lua.somemod.func(arg2)
<
You can use `v:lua` in "func" options like 'tagfunc', 'omnifunc', etc.
For example consider the following Lua omnifunc handler: >
function mymod.omnifunc(findstart, base)
if findstart == 1 then
return 0
else
return {'stuff', 'steam', 'strange things'}
end
end
vim.api.nvim_buf_set_option(0, 'omnifunc', 'v:lua.mymod.omnifunc')
Note: The module ("mymod" in the above example) must either be a Lua global,
or use the require syntax as specified above to access it from a package.
Note: `v:lua` without a call is not allowed in a Vimscript expression:
|Funcref|s cannot represent Lua functions. The following are errors: >
let g:Myvar = v:lua.myfunc " Error
call SomeFunc(v:lua.mycallback) " Error
let g:foo = v:lua " Error
let g:foo = v:['lua'] " Error
<
==============================================================================
Lua standard modules *lua-stdlib*
The Nvim Lua "standard library" (stdlib) is the `vim` module, which exposes
various functions and sub-modules. It is always loaded, thus `require("vim")`
is unnecessary.
You can peek at the module properties: >
:lua print(vim.inspect(vim))
Result is something like this: >
{
_os_proc_children = <function 1>,
_os_proc_info = <function 2>,
...
api = {
nvim__id = <function 5>,
nvim__id_array = <function 6>,
...
},
deepcopy = <function 106>,
gsplit = <function 107>,
...
}
To find documentation on e.g. the "deepcopy" function: >
:help vim.deepcopy()
Note that underscore-prefixed functions (e.g. "_os_proc_children") are
internal/private and must not be used by plugins.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.LOOP *lua-loop* *vim.loop*
`vim.loop` exposes all features of the Nvim event-loop. This is a low-level
API that provides functionality for networking, filesystem, and process
management. Try this command to see available functions: >
:lua print(vim.inspect(vim.loop))
<
Reference: https://github.com/luvit/luv/blob/master/docs.md
Examples: https://github.com/luvit/luv/tree/master/examples
*E5560* *lua-loop-callbacks*
It is an error to directly invoke `vim.api` functions (except |api-fast|) in
`vim.loop` callbacks. For example, this is an error: >
local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
timer:start(1000, 0, function()
vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
end)
<
To avoid the error use |vim.schedule_wrap()| to defer the callback: >
local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
timer:start(1000, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
end))
<
(For one-shot timers, see |vim.defer_fn()|, which automatically adds the
wrapping.)
Example: repeating timer
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %". >
-- Create a timer handle (implementation detail: uv_timer_t).
local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
local i = 0
-- Waits 1000ms, then repeats every 750ms until timer:close().
timer:start(1000, 750, function()
print('timer invoked! i='..tostring(i))
if i > 4 then
timer:close() -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
end
i = i + 1
end)
print('sleeping');
<
Example: File-change detection *watch-file*
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
3. Use ":Watch %" to watch any file.
4. Try editing the file from another text editor.
5. Observe that the file reloads in Nvim (because on_change() calls
|:checktime|). >
local w = vim.loop.new_fs_event()
local function on_change(err, fname, status)
-- Do work...
vim.api.nvim_command('checktime')
-- Debounce: stop/start.
w:stop()
watch_file(fname)
end
function watch_file(fname)
local fullpath = vim.api.nvim_call_function(
'fnamemodify', {fname, ':p'})
w:start(fullpath, {}, vim.schedule_wrap(function(...)
on_change(...) end))
end
vim.api.nvim_command(
"command! -nargs=1 Watch call luaeval('watch_file(_A)', expand('<args>'))")
<
Example: TCP echo-server *tcp-server*
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
3. Note the port number.
4. Connect from any TCP client (e.g. "nc 0.0.0.0 36795"): >
local function create_server(host, port, on_connect)
local server = vim.loop.new_tcp()
server:bind(host, port)
server:listen(128, function(err)
assert(not err, err) -- Check for errors.
local sock = vim.loop.new_tcp()
server:accept(sock) -- Accept client connection.
on_connect(sock) -- Start reading messages.
end)
return server
end
local server = create_server('0.0.0.0', 0, function(sock)
sock:read_start(function(err, chunk)
assert(not err, err) -- Check for errors.
if chunk then
sock:write(chunk) -- Echo received messages to the channel.
else -- EOF (stream closed).
sock:close() -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
end
end)
end)
print('TCP echo-server listening on port: '..server:getsockname().port)
<
Multithreading *lua-loop-threading*
Plugins can perform work in separate (os-level) threads using the threading
APIs in luv, for instance `vim.loop.new_thread`. Note that every thread
gets its own separate lua interpreter state, with no access to lua globals
in the main thread. Neither can the state of the editor (buffers, windows,
etc) be directly accessed from threads.
A subset of the `vim.*` API is available in threads. This includes:
- `vim.loop` with a separate event loop per thread.
- `vim.mpack` and `vim.json` (useful for serializing messages between threads)
- `require` in threads can use lua packages from the global |lua-package-path|
- `print()` and `vim.inspect`
- `vim.diff`
- most utility functions in `vim.*` for working with pure lua values
like `vim.split`, `vim.tbl_*`, `vim.list_*`, and so on.
- `vim.is_thread()` returns true from a non-main thread.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.HIGHLIGHT *lua-highlight*
Nvim includes a function for highlighting a selection on yank (see for example
https://github.com/machakann/vim-highlightedyank). To enable it, add
>
au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank()
<
to your `init.vim`. You can customize the highlight group and the duration of
the highlight via
>
au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {higroup="IncSearch", timeout=150}
<
If you want to exclude visual selections from highlighting on yank, use
>
au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {on_visual=false}
<
vim.highlight.on_yank({opts}) *vim.highlight.on_yank()*
Highlights the yanked text. The fields of the optional dict {opts}
control the highlight:
- {higroup} highlight group for yanked region (default |hl-IncSearch|)
- {timeout} time in ms before highlight is cleared (default `150`)
- {on_macro} highlight when executing macro (default `false`)
- {on_visual} highlight when yanking visual selection (default `true`)
- {event} event structure (default |v:event|)
vim.highlight.range({bufnr}, {ns}, {hlgroup}, {start}, {finish}, {opts})
*vim.highlight.range()*
Apply highlight group to range of text.
Parameters: ~
{bufnr} buffer number
{ns} namespace for highlights
{hlgroup} highlight group name
{start} starting position (tuple {line,col})
{finish} finish position (tuple {line,col})
{opts} optional parameters:
• `regtype`: type of range (characterwise, linewise,
or blockwise, see |setreg|), default `'v'`
• `inclusive`: range includes end position,
default `false`
• `priority`: priority of highlight, default
`vim.highlight.user` (see below)
vim.highlight.priorities *vim.highlight.priorities*
Table with default priorities used for highlighting:
• `syntax`: `50`, used for standard syntax highlighting
• `treesitter`: `100`, used for tree-sitter-based highlighting
• `diagnostics`: `150`, used for code analysis such as diagnostics
• `user`: `200`, used for user-triggered highlights such as LSP
document symbols or `on_yank` autocommands
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.REGEX *lua-regex*
Vim regexes can be used directly from lua. Currently they only allow
matching within a single line.
vim.regex({re}) *vim.regex()*
Parse the Vim regex {re} and return a regex object. Regexes are
"magic" and case-sensitive by default, regardless of 'magic' and
'ignorecase'. They can be controlled with flags, see |/magic| and
|/ignorecase|.
Methods on the regex object:
regex:match_str({str}) *regex:match_str()*
Match the string against the regex. If the string should match the
regex precisely, surround the regex with `^` and `$`.
If the was a match, the byte indices for the beginning and end of
the match is returned. When there is no match, `nil` is returned.
As any integer is truth-y, `regex:match()` can be directly used
as a condition in an if-statement.
regex:match_line({bufnr}, {line_idx}[, {start}, {end}]) *regex:match_line()*
Match line {line_idx} (zero-based) in buffer {bufnr}. If {start} and
{end} are supplied, match only this byte index range. Otherwise see
|regex:match_str()|. If {start} is used, then the returned byte
indices will be relative {start}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.DIFF *lua-diff*
vim.diff({a}, {b}, {opts}) *vim.diff()*
Run diff on strings {a} and {b}. Any indices returned by this
function, either directly or via callback arguments, are
1-based.
Examples: >
vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n')
-->
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-a
+b
+c
vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n', {result_type = 'indices'})
-->
{
{1, 1, 1, 2}
}
<
Parameters: ~
{a} First string to compare
{b} Second string to compare
{opts} Optional parameters:
• `on_hunk` (callback):
Invoked for each hunk in the diff. Return a
negative number to cancel the callback for any
remaining hunks.
Args:
• `start_a` (integer): Start line of hunk in {a}.
• `count_a` (integer): Hunk size in {a}.
• `start_b` (integer): Start line of hunk in {b}.
• `count_b` (integer): Hunk size in {b}.
• `result_type` (string): Form of the returned diff:
• "unified": (default) String in unified format.
• "indices": Array of hunk locations.
Note: This option is ignored if `on_hunk` is
used.
• `algorithm` (string):
Diff algorithm to use. Values:
• "myers" the default algorithm
• "minimal" spend extra time to generate the
smallest possible diff
• "patience" patience diff algorithm
• "histogram" histogram diff algorithm
• `ctxlen` (integer): Context length
• `interhunkctxlen` (integer):
Inter hunk context length
• `ignore_whitespace` (boolean):
Ignore whitespace
• `ignore_whitespace_change` (boolean):
Ignore whitespace change
• `ignore_whitespace_change_at_eol` (boolean)
Ignore whitespace change at end-of-line.
• `ignore_cr_at_eol` (boolean)
Ignore carriage return at end-of-line
• `ignore_blank_lines` (boolean)
Ignore blank lines
• `indent_heuristic` (boolean):
Use the indent heuristic for the internal
diff library.
Return: ~
See {opts.result_type}. nil if {opts.on_hunk} is given.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.MPACK *lua-mpack*
The *vim.mpack* module provides encoding and decoding of Lua objects to and
from msgpack-encoded strings. Supports |vim.NIL| and |vim.empty_dict()|.
vim.mpack.encode({obj}) *vim.mpack.encode*
Encodes (or "packs") Lua object {obj} as msgpack in a Lua string.
vim.mpack.decode({str}) *vim.mpack.decode*
Decodes (or "unpacks") the msgpack-encoded {str} to a Lua object.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.SPELL *lua-spell*
vim.spell.check({str}) *vim.spell.check()*
Check {str} for spelling errors. Similar to the Vimscript function
|spellbadword()|.
Note: The behaviour of this function is dependent on: 'spelllang',
'spellfile', 'spellcapcheck' and 'spelloptions' which can all be
local to the buffer. Consider calling this with |nvim_buf_call()|.
Example: >
vim.spell.check("the quik brown fox")
-->
{
{'quik', 'bad', 4}
}
<
Parameters: ~
{str} String to spell check.
Return: ~
List of tuples with three items:
- The badly spelled word.
- The type of the spelling error:
"bad" spelling mistake
"rare" rare word
"local" word only valid in another region
"caps" word should start with Capital
- The position in {str} where the word begins.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM *lua-builtin*
vim.api.{func}({...}) *vim.api*
Invokes Nvim |API| function {func} with arguments {...}.
Example: call the "nvim_get_current_line()" API function: >
print(tostring(vim.api.nvim_get_current_line()))
vim.version() *vim.version*
Gets the version of the current Nvim build.
vim.in_fast_event() *vim.in_fast_event()*
Returns true if the code is executing as part of a "fast" event
handler, where most of the API is disabled. These are low-level events
(e.g. |lua-loop-callbacks|) which can be invoked whenever Nvim polls
for input. When this is `false` most API functions are callable (but
may be subject to other restrictions such as |textlock|).
vim.NIL *vim.NIL*
Special value representing NIL in |RPC| and |v:null| in Vimscript
conversion, and similar cases. Lua `nil` cannot be used as part of
a Lua table representing a Dictionary or Array, because it is
treated as missing: `{"foo", nil}` is the same as `{"foo"}`.
vim.empty_dict() *vim.empty_dict()*
Creates a special empty table (marked with a metatable), which Nvim
converts to an empty dictionary when translating Lua values to
Vimscript or API types. Nvim by default converts an empty table `{}`
without this metatable to an list/array.
Note: If numeric keys are present in the table, Nvim ignores the
metatable marker and converts the dict to a list/array anyway.
vim.rpcnotify({channel}, {method}[, {args}...]) *vim.rpcnotify()*
Sends {event} to {channel} via |RPC| and returns immediately. If
{channel} is 0, the event is broadcast to all channels.
This function also works in a fast callback |lua-loop-callbacks|.
vim.rpcrequest({channel}, {method}[, {args}...]) *vim.rpcrequest()*
Sends a request to {channel} to invoke {method} via |RPC| and blocks
until a response is received.
Note: NIL values as part of the return value is represented as
|vim.NIL| special value
vim.stricmp({a}, {b}) *vim.stricmp()*
Compares strings case-insensitively. Returns 0, 1 or -1 if strings
are equal, {a} is greater than {b} or {a} is lesser than {b},
respectively.
vim.str_utfindex({str}[, {index}]) *vim.str_utfindex()*
Convert byte index to UTF-32 and UTF-16 indices. If {index} is not
supplied, the length of the string is used. All indices are zero-based.
Returns two values: the UTF-32 and UTF-16 indices respectively.
Embedded NUL bytes are treated as terminating the string. Invalid
UTF-8 bytes, and embedded surrogates are counted as one code
point each. An {index} in the middle of a UTF-8 sequence is rounded
upwards to the end of that sequence.
vim.str_byteindex({str}, {index}[, {use_utf16}]) *vim.str_byteindex()*
Convert UTF-32 or UTF-16 {index} to byte index. If {use_utf16} is not
supplied, it defaults to false (use UTF-32). Returns the byte index.
Invalid UTF-8 and NUL is treated like by |vim.str_byteindex()|.
An {index} in the middle of a UTF-16 sequence is rounded upwards to
the end of that sequence.
vim.schedule({callback}) *vim.schedule()*
Schedules {callback} to be invoked soon by the main event-loop. Useful
to avoid |textlock| or other temporary restrictions.
vim.defer_fn({fn}, {timeout}) *vim.defer_fn*
Defers calling {fn} until {timeout} ms passes. Use to do a one-shot timer
that calls {fn}.
Note: The {fn} is |schedule_wrap|ped automatically, so API functions are
safe to call.
Parameters: ~
{fn} Callback to call once {timeout} expires
{timeout} Time in ms to wait before calling {fn}
Returns: ~
|vim.loop|.new_timer() object
vim.wait({time} [, {callback}, {interval}, {fast_only}]) *vim.wait()*
Wait for {time} in milliseconds until {callback} returns `true`.
Executes {callback} immediately and at approximately {interval}
milliseconds (default 200). Nvim still processes other events during
this time.
Parameters: ~
{time} Number of milliseconds to wait
{callback} Optional callback. Waits until {callback} returns true
{interval} (Approximate) number of milliseconds to wait between polls
{fast_only} If true, only |api-fast| events will be processed.
If called from while in an |api-fast| event, will
automatically be set to `true`.
Returns: ~
If {callback} returns `true` during the {time}:
`true, nil`
If {callback} never returns `true` during the {time}:
`false, -1`
If {callback} is interrupted during the {time}:
`false, -2`
If {callback} errors, the error is raised.
Examples: >
---
-- Wait for 100 ms, allowing other events to process
vim.wait(100, function() end)
---
-- Wait for 100 ms or until global variable set.
vim.wait(100, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end)
---
-- Wait for 1 second or until global variable set, checking every ~500 ms
vim.wait(1000, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end, 500)
---
-- Schedule a function to set a value in 100ms
vim.defer_fn(function() vim.g.timer_result = true end, 100)
-- Would wait ten seconds if results blocked. Actually only waits 100 ms
if vim.wait(10000, function() return vim.g.timer_result end) then
print('Only waiting a little bit of time!')
end
<
vim.type_idx *vim.type_idx*
Type index for use in |lua-special-tbl|. Specifying one of the values
from |vim.types| allows typing the empty table (it is unclear whether
empty Lua table represents empty list or empty array) and forcing
integral numbers to be |Float|. See |lua-special-tbl| for more
details.
vim.val_idx *vim.val_idx*
Value index for tables representing |Float|s. A table representing
floating-point value 1.0 looks like this: >
{
[vim.type_idx] = vim.types.float,
[vim.val_idx] = 1.0,
}
< See also |vim.type_idx| and |lua-special-tbl|.
vim.types *vim.types*
Table with possible values for |vim.type_idx|. Contains two sets of
key-value pairs: first maps possible values for |vim.type_idx| to
human-readable strings, second maps human-readable type names to
values for |vim.type_idx|. Currently contains pairs for `float`,
`array` and `dictionary` types.
Note: One must expect that values corresponding to `vim.types.float`,
`vim.types.array` and `vim.types.dictionary` fall under only two
following assumptions:
1. Value may serve both as a key and as a value in a table. Given the
properties of Lua tables this basically means “value is not `nil`”.
2. For each value in `vim.types` table `vim.types[vim.types[value]]`
is the same as `value`.
No other restrictions are put on types, and it is not guaranteed that
values corresponding to `vim.types.float`, `vim.types.array` and
`vim.types.dictionary` will not change or that `vim.types` table will
only contain values for these three types.
*log_levels* *vim.log.levels*
Log levels are one of the values defined in `vim.log.levels`:
vim.log.levels.DEBUG
vim.log.levels.ERROR
vim.log.levels.INFO
vim.log.levels.TRACE
vim.log.levels.WARN
vim.log.levels.OFF
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LUA-VIMSCRIPT BRIDGE *lua-vimscript*
Nvim Lua provides an interface to Vimscript variables and functions, and
editor commands and options.
See also https://github.com/nanotee/nvim-lua-guide.
vim.call({func}, {...}) *vim.call()*
Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
See also |vim.fn|.
Equivalent to: >
vim.fn[func]({...})
vim.cmd({command})
See |vim.cmd()|.
vim.fn.{func}({...}) *vim.fn*
Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
To call autoload functions, use the syntax: >
vim.fn['some#function']({...})
<
Unlike vim.api.|nvim_call_function()| this converts directly between Vim
objects and Lua objects. If the Vim function returns a float, it will
be represented directly as a Lua number. Empty lists and dictionaries
both are represented by an empty table.
Note: |v:null| values as part of the return value is represented as
|vim.NIL| special value
Note: vim.fn keys are generated lazily, thus `pairs(vim.fn)` only
enumerates functions that were called at least once.
Note: The majority of functions cannot run in |api-fast| callbacks with some
undocumented exceptions which are allowed.
*lua-vim-variables*
The Vim editor global dictionaries |g:| |w:| |b:| |t:| |v:| can be accessed
from Lua conveniently and idiomatically by referencing the `vim.*` Lua tables
described below. In this way you can easily read and modify global Vimscript
variables from Lua.
Example: >
vim.g.foo = 5 -- Set the g:foo Vimscript variable.
print(vim.g.foo) -- Get and print the g:foo Vimscript variable.
vim.g.foo = nil -- Delete (:unlet) the Vimscript variable.
vim.b[2].foo = 6 -- Set b:foo for buffer 2
<
vim.g *vim.g*
Global (|g:|) editor variables.
Key with no value returns `nil`.
vim.b *vim.b*
Buffer-scoped (|b:|) variables for the current buffer.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific buffer.
vim.w *vim.w*
Window-scoped (|w:|) variables for the current window.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific window.
vim.t *vim.t*
Tabpage-scoped (|t:|) variables for the current tabpage.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific tabpage.
vim.v *vim.v*
|v:| variables.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`.
vim.env *vim.env*
Environment variables defined in the editor session.
See |expand-env| and |:let-environment| for the Vimscript behavior.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`.
Example: >
vim.env.FOO = 'bar'
print(vim.env.TERM)
<
*lua-vim-options*
*lua-vim-opt*
*lua-vim-set*
*lua-vim-optlocal*
*lua-vim-setlocal*
In Vimscript, there is a way to set options |set-option|. In Lua, the
corresponding method is `vim.opt`.
`vim.opt` provides several conveniences for setting and controlling options
from within Lua.
Examples: ~
To set a boolean toggle:
In Vimscript:
`set number`
In Lua:
`vim.opt.number = true`
To set an array of values:
In Vimscript:
`set wildignore=*.o,*.a,__pycache__`
In Lua, there are two ways you can do this now. One is very similar to
the Vimscript form:
`vim.opt.wildignore = '*.o,*.a,__pycache__'`
However, vim.opt also supports a more elegent way of setting
list-style options by using lua tables:
`vim.opt.wildignore = { '*.o', '*.a', '__pycache__' }`
To replicate the behavior of |:set+=|, use: >
-- vim.opt supports appending options via the "+" operator
vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + { "*.pyc", "node_modules" }
-- or using the `:append(...)` method
vim.opt.wildignore:append { "*.pyc", "node_modules" }
<
To replicate the behavior of |:set^=|, use: >
-- vim.opt supports prepending options via the "^" operator
vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ { "new_first_value" }
-- or using the `:prepend(...)` method
vim.opt.wildignore:prepend { "new_first_value" }
<
To replicate the behavior of |:set-=|, use: >
-- vim.opt supports removing options via the "-" operator
vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore - { "node_modules" }
-- or using the `:remove(...)` method
vim.opt.wildignore:remove { "node_modules" }
<
To set a map of values:
In Vimscript:
`set listchars=space:_,tab:>~`
In Lua:
`vim.opt.listchars = { space = '_', tab = '>~' }`
In any of the above examples, to replicate the behavior |setlocal|, use
`vim.opt_local`. Additionally, to replicate the behavior of |setglobal|, use
`vim.opt_global`.
*vim.opt*
|vim.opt| returns an Option object.
For example: `local listchar_object = vim.opt.listchars`
An `Option` has the following methods:
*vim.opt:get()*
Option:get()
Returns a lua-representation of the option. Boolean, number and string
values will be returned in exactly the same fashion.
For values that are comma-separated lists, an array will be returned with
the values as entries in the array: >
vim.cmd [[set wildignore=*.pyc,*.o]]
print(vim.inspect(vim.opt.wildignore:get()))
-- { "*.pyc", "*.o", }
for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs(vim.opt.wildignore:get()) do
print("Will ignore:", ignore_pattern)
end
-- Will ignore: *.pyc
-- Will ignore: *.o
<
For values that are comma-separated maps, a table will be returned with
the names as keys and the values as entries: >
vim.cmd [[set listchars=space:_,tab:>~]]
print(vim.inspect(vim.opt.listchars:get()))
-- { space = "_", tab = ">~", }
for char, representation in pairs(vim.opt.listchars:get()) do
print(char, "->", representation)
end
<
For values that are lists of flags, a set will be returned with the flags
as keys and `true` as entries. >
vim.cmd [[set formatoptions=njtcroql]]
print(vim.inspect(vim.opt.formatoptions:get()))
-- { n = true, j = true, c = true, ... }
local format_opts = vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
if format_opts.j then
print("J is enabled!")
end
<
*vim.opt:append()*
Option:append(value)
Append a value to string-style options. See |:set+=|
These are equivalent:
`vim.opt.formatoptions:append('j')`
`vim.opt.formatoptions = vim.opt.formatoptions + 'j'`
*vim.opt:prepend()*
Option:prepend(value)
Prepend a value to string-style options. See |:set^=|
These are equivalent:
`vim.opt.wildignore:prepend('*.o')`
`vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ '*.o'`
*vim.opt:remove()*
Option:remove(value)
Remove a value from string-style options. See |:set-=|
These are equivalent:
`vim.opt.wildignore:remove('*.pyc')`
`vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore - '*.pyc'`
In general, using `vim.opt` will provide the expected result when the user is
used to interacting with editor |options| via `set`. There are still times
where the user may want to set particular options via a shorthand in Lua,
which is where |vim.o|, |vim.bo|, |vim.wo|, and |vim.go| come into play.
The behavior of |vim.o|, |vim.bo|, |vim.wo|, and |vim.go| is designed to
follow that of |:set|, |:setlocal|, and |:setglobal| which can be seen in the
table below:
lua command global_value local_value ~
vim.o :set set set
vim.bo/vim.wo :setlocal - set
vim.go :setglobal set -
vim.o *vim.o*
Get or set editor options, like |:set|. Invalid key is an error.
Example: >
vim.o.cmdheight = 4
print(vim.o.columns)
<
vim.go *vim.go*
Get or set an |option|. Invalid key is an error.
This is a wrapper around |nvim_set_option()| and |nvim_get_option()|.
NOTE: This is different than |vim.o| because this ONLY sets the global
option, which generally produces confusing behavior for options with
|global-local| values.
Example: >
vim.go.cmdheight = 4
<
vim.bo *vim.bo*
Get or set buffer-scoped |local-options|. Invalid key is an error.
This is a wrapper around |nvim_buf_set_option()| and
|nvim_buf_get_option()|.
Example: >
vim.bo.buflisted = true
print(vim.bo.comments)
<
vim.wo *vim.wo*
Get or set window-scoped |local-options|. Invalid key is an error.
This is a wrapper around |nvim_win_set_option()| and
|nvim_win_get_option()|.
Example: >
vim.wo.cursorcolumn = true
print(vim.wo.foldmarker)
<
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim *lua-vim*
cmd({command}) *vim.cmd()*
Execute Vim script commands.
Example: >
vim.cmd('echo 42')
vim.cmd([[
augroup My_group
autocmd!
autocmd FileType c setlocal cindent
augroup END
]])
vim.cmd({ cmd = 'echo', args = { '"foo"' } })
<
Parameters: ~
{command} string|table Command(s) to execute. If a
string, executes multiple lines of Vim script
at once. In this case, it is an alias to
|nvim_exec()|, where `output` is set to false.
Thus it works identical to |:source|. If a
table, executes a single command. In this case,
it is an alias to |nvim_cmd()| where `opts` is
empty.
See also: ~
|ex-cmd-index|
*vim.connection_failure_errmsg()*
connection_failure_errmsg({consequence})
TODO: Documentation
defer_fn({fn}, {timeout}) *vim.defer_fn()*
Defers calling `fn` until `timeout` ms passes.
Use to do a one-shot timer that calls `fn` Note: The {fn} is |schedule_wrap|ped automatically, so API
functions are safe to call.
Parameters: ~
{fn} Callback to call once `timeout` expires
{timeout} Number of milliseconds to wait before calling
`fn`
Return: ~
timer luv timer object
*vim.deprecate()*
deprecate({name}, {alternative}, {version}, {plugin}, {backtrace})
Display a deprecation notification to the user.
Parameters: ~
{name} string Deprecated function.
{alternative} (string|nil) Preferred alternative
function.
{version} string Version in which the deprecated
function will be removed.
{plugin} string|nil Plugin name that the function
will be removed from. Defaults to "Nvim".
{backtrace} boolean|nil Prints backtrace. Defaults to
true.
inspect({object}, {options}) *vim.inspect()*
Return a human-readable representation of the given object.
See also: ~
https://github.com/kikito/inspect.lua
https://github.com/mpeterv/vinspect
notify({msg}, {level}, {opts}) *vim.notify()*
Display a notification to the user.
This function can be overridden by plugins to display
notifications using a custom provider (such as the system
notification provider). By default, writes to |:messages|.
Parameters: ~
{msg} (string) Content of the notification to show to
the user.
{level} (number|nil) One of the values from
|vim.log.levels|.
{opts} (table|nil) Optional parameters. Unused by
default.
notify_once({msg}, {level}, {opts}) *vim.notify_once()*
Display a notification only one time.
Like |vim.notify()|, but subsequent calls with the same
message will not display a notification.
Parameters: ~
{msg} (string) Content of the notification to show to
the user.
{level} (number|nil) One of the values from
|vim.log.levels|.
{opts} (table|nil) Optional parameters. Unused by
default.
Return: ~
(boolean) true if message was displayed, else false
on_key({fn}, {ns_id}) *vim.on_key()*
Adds Lua function {fn} with namespace id {ns_id} as a listener
to every, yes every, input key.
The Nvim command-line option |-w| is related but does not
support callbacks and cannot be toggled dynamically.
Note:
{fn} will not be cleared by |nvim_buf_clear_namespace()|
Note:
{fn} will receive the keys after mappings have been
evaluated
Parameters: ~
{fn} function: Callback function. It should take one
string argument. On each key press, Nvim passes
the key char to fn(). |i_CTRL-V| If {fn} is nil,
it removes the callback for the associated
{ns_id}
{ns_id} number? Namespace ID. If nil or 0, generates and
returns a new |nvim_create_namespace()| id.
Return: ~
(number) Namespace id associated with {fn}. Or count of
all callbacks if on_key() is called without arguments.
Note:
{fn} will be removed if an error occurs while calling.
paste({lines}, {phase}) *vim.paste()*
Paste handler, invoked by |nvim_paste()| when a conforming UI
(such as the |TUI|) pastes text into the editor.
Example: To remove ANSI color codes when pasting: >
vim.paste = (function(overridden)
return function(lines, phase)
for i,line in ipairs(lines) do
-- Scrub ANSI color codes from paste input.
lines[i] = line:gsub('\27%[[0-9;mK]+', '')
end
overridden(lines, phase)
end
end)(vim.paste)
<
Parameters: ~
{lines} |readfile()|-style list of lines to paste.
|channel-lines|
{phase} -1: "non-streaming" paste: the call contains all
lines. If paste is "streamed", `phase` indicates the stream state:
• 1: starts the paste (exactly once)
• 2: continues the paste (zero or more times)
• 3: ends the paste (exactly once)
Return: ~
false if client should cancel the paste.
See also: ~
|paste|
pretty_print({...}) *vim.pretty_print()*
Prints given arguments in human-readable format. Example: >
-- Print highlight group Normal and store it's contents in a variable.
local hl_normal = vim.pretty_print(vim.api.nvim_get_hl_by_name("Normal", true))
<
Return: ~
given arguments.
See also: ~
|vim.inspect()|
region({bufnr}, {pos1}, {pos2}, {regtype}, {inclusive}) *vim.region()*
Get a table of lines with start, end columns for a region
marked by two points
Parameters: ~
{bufnr} (number) of buffer
{pos1} (line, column) tuple marking beginning of
region
{pos2} (line, column) tuple marking end of region
{regtype} type of selection (:help setreg)
{inclusive} (boolean) indicating whether the selection is
end-inclusive
Return: ~
region lua table of the form {linenr = {startcol,endcol}}
schedule_wrap({cb}) *vim.schedule_wrap()*
Defers callback `cb` until the Nvim API is safe to call.
See also: ~
|lua-loop-callbacks|
|vim.schedule()|
|vim.in_fast_event()|
deep_equal({a}, {b}) *vim.deep_equal()*
Deep compare values for equality
Tables are compared recursively unless they both provide the `eq` metamethod. All other types are compared using the equality `==` operator.
Parameters: ~
{a} any First value
{b} any Second value
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if values are equals, else `false`
deepcopy({orig}) *vim.deepcopy()*
Returns a deep copy of the given object. Non-table objects are
copied as in a typical Lua assignment, whereas table objects
are copied recursively. Functions are naively copied, so
functions in the copied table point to the same functions as
those in the input table. Userdata and threads are not copied
and will throw an error.
Parameters: ~
{orig} (table) Table to copy
Return: ~
(table) Table of copied keys and (nested) values.
endswith({s}, {suffix}) *vim.endswith()*
Tests if `s` ends with `suffix`.
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String
{suffix} (string) Suffix to match
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if `suffix` is a suffix of `s`
gsplit({s}, {sep}, {plain}) *vim.gsplit()*
Splits a string at each instance of a separator.
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String to split
{sep} (string) Separator or pattern
{plain} (boolean) If `true` use `sep` literally (passed
to string.find)
Return: ~
(function) Iterator over the split components
See also: ~
|vim.split()|
https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html
http://lua-users.org/wiki/StringLibraryTutorial
is_callable({f}) *vim.is_callable()*
Returns true if object `f` can be called as a function.
Parameters: ~
{f} any Any object
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if `f` is callable, else `false`
list_extend({dst}, {src}, {start}, {finish}) *vim.list_extend()*
Extends a list-like table with the values of another list-like
table.
NOTE: This mutates dst!
Parameters: ~
{dst} (table) List which will be modified and appended
to
{src} (table) List from which values will be inserted
{start} (number) Start index on src. Defaults to 1
{finish} (number) Final index on src. Defaults to `#src`
Return: ~
(table) dst
See also: ~
|vim.tbl_extend()|
list_slice({list}, {start}, {finish}) *vim.list_slice()*
Creates a copy of a table containing only elements from start
to end (inclusive)
Parameters: ~
{list} (table) Table
{start} (number) Start range of slice
{finish} (number) End range of slice
Return: ~
(table) Copy of table sliced from start to finish
(inclusive)
pesc({s}) *vim.pesc()*
Escapes magic chars in a Lua pattern.
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String to escape
Return: ~
(string) %-escaped pattern string
See also: ~
https://github.com/rxi/lume
split({s}, {sep}, {kwargs}) *vim.split()*
Splits a string at each instance of a separator.
Examples: >
split(":aa::b:", ":") --> {'','aa','','b',''}
split("axaby", "ab?") --> {'','x','y'}
split("x*yz*o", "*", {plain=true}) --> {'x','yz','o'}
split("|x|y|z|", "|", {trimempty=true}) --> {'x', 'y', 'z'}
<
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String to split
{sep} (string) Separator or pattern
{kwargs} (table) Keyword arguments:
• plain: (boolean) If `true` use `sep` literally
(passed to string.find)
• trimempty: (boolean) If `true` remove empty
items from the front and back of the list
Return: ~
(table) List of split components
See also: ~
|vim.gsplit()|
startswith({s}, {prefix}) *vim.startswith()*
Tests if `s` starts with `prefix`.
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String
{prefix} (string) Prefix to match
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if `prefix` is a prefix of `s`
tbl_add_reverse_lookup({o}) *vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup()*
Add the reverse lookup values to an existing table. For
example: `tbl_add_reverse_lookup { A = 1 } == { [1] = 'A', A =
1 }`
Note that this modifies the input.
Parameters: ~
{o} (table) Table to add the reverse to
Return: ~
(table) o
tbl_contains({t}, {value}) *vim.tbl_contains()*
Checks if a list-like (vector) table contains `value`.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table to check
{value} any Value to compare
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if `t` contains `value`
tbl_count({t}) *vim.tbl_count()*
Counts the number of non-nil values in table `t`.
>
vim.tbl_count({ a=1, b=2 }) => 2
vim.tbl_count({ 1, 2 }) => 2
<
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(number) Number of non-nil values in table
See also: ~
https://github.com/Tieske/Penlight/blob/master/lua/pl/tablex.lua
tbl_deep_extend({behavior}, {...}) *vim.tbl_deep_extend()*
Merges recursively two or more map-like tables.
Parameters: ~
{behavior} (string) Decides what to do if a key is found
in more than one map:
• "error": raise an error
• "keep": use value from the leftmost map
• "force": use value from the rightmost map
{...} (table) Two or more map-like tables
Return: ~
(table) Merged table
See also: ~
|tbl_extend()|
tbl_extend({behavior}, {...}) *vim.tbl_extend()*
Merges two or more map-like tables.
Parameters: ~
{behavior} (string) Decides what to do if a key is found
in more than one map:
• "error": raise an error
• "keep": use value from the leftmost map
• "force": use value from the rightmost map
{...} (table) Two or more map-like tables
Return: ~
(table) Merged table
See also: ~
|extend()|
tbl_filter({func}, {t}) *vim.tbl_filter()*
Filter a table using a predicate function
Parameters: ~
{func} function|table Function or callable table
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(table) Table of filtered values
tbl_flatten({t}) *vim.tbl_flatten()*
Creates a copy of a list-like table such that any nested
tables are "unrolled" and appended to the result.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) List-like table
Return: ~
(table) Flattened copy of the given list-like table
See also: ~
From https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
tbl_get({o}, {...}) *vim.tbl_get()*
Index into a table (first argument) via string keys passed as
subsequent arguments. Return `nil` if the key does not exist.
Examples: >
vim.tbl_get({ key = { nested_key = true }}, 'key', 'nested_key') == true
vim.tbl_get({ key = {}}, 'key', 'nested_key') == nil
<
Parameters: ~
{o} (table) Table to index
{...} (string) Optional strings (0 or more, variadic) via
which to index the table
Return: ~
any Nested value indexed by key (if it exists), else nil
tbl_isempty({t}) *vim.tbl_isempty()*
Checks if a table is empty.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table to check
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if `t` is empty
See also: ~
https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
tbl_islist({t}) *vim.tbl_islist()*
Tests if a Lua table can be treated as an array.
Empty table `{}` is assumed to be an array, unless it was
created by |vim.empty_dict()| or returned as a dict-like |API|
or Vimscript result, for example from |rpcrequest()| or
|vim.fn|.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(boolean) `true` if array-like table, else `false`
tbl_keys({t}) *vim.tbl_keys()*
Return a list of all keys used in a table. However, the order
of the return table of keys is not guaranteed.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(table) List of keys
See also: ~
From https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
tbl_map({func}, {t}) *vim.tbl_map()*
Apply a function to all values of a table.
Parameters: ~
{func} function|table Function or callable table
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(table) Table of transformed values
tbl_values({t}) *vim.tbl_values()*
Return a list of all values used in a table. However, the
order of the return table of values is not guaranteed.
Parameters: ~
{t} (table) Table
Return: ~
(table) List of values
trim({s}) *vim.trim()*
Trim whitespace (Lua pattern "%s") from both sides of a
string.
Parameters: ~
{s} (string) String to trim
Return: ~
(string) String with whitespace removed from its beginning
and end
See also: ~
https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html
validate({opt}) *vim.validate()*
Validates a parameter specification (types and values).
Usage example: >
function user.new(name, age, hobbies)
vim.validate{
name={name, 'string'},
age={age, 'number'},
hobbies={hobbies, 'table'},
}
...
end
<
Examples with explicit argument values (can be run directly): >
vim.validate{arg1={{'foo'}, 'table'}, arg2={'foo', 'string'}}
=> NOP (success)
vim.validate{arg1={1, 'table'}}
=> error('arg1: expected table, got number')
vim.validate{arg1={3, function(a) return (a % 2) == 0 end, 'even number'}}
=> error('arg1: expected even number, got 3')
<
If multiple types are valid they can be given as a list. >
vim.validate{arg1={{'foo'}, {'table', 'string'}}, arg2={'foo', {'table', 'string'}}}
=> NOP (success)
vim.validate{arg1={1, {'string', table'}}}
=> error('arg1: expected string|table, got number')
<
Parameters: ~
{opt} (table) Names of parameters to validate. Each key
is a parameter name; each value is a tuple in one
of these forms:
1. (arg_value, type_name, optional)
• arg_value: argument value
• type_name: string|table type name, one of:
("table", "t", "string", "s", "number", "n",
"boolean", "b", "function", "f", "nil",
"thread", "userdata") or list of them.
• optional: (optional) boolean, if true, `nil`
is valid
2. (arg_value, fn, msg)
• arg_value: argument value
• fn: any function accepting one argument,
returns true if and only if the argument is
valid. Can optionally return an additional
informative error message as the second
returned value.
• msg: (optional) error string if validation
fails
==============================================================================
Lua module: uri *lua-uri*
uri_from_bufnr({bufnr}) *vim.uri_from_bufnr()*
Get a URI from a bufnr
Parameters: ~
{bufnr} (number)
Return: ~
(string) URI
uri_from_fname({path}) *vim.uri_from_fname()*
Get a URI from a file path.
Parameters: ~
{path} (string) Path to file
Return: ~
(string) URI
uri_to_bufnr({uri}) *vim.uri_to_bufnr()*
Get the buffer for a uri. Creates a new unloaded buffer if no
buffer for the uri already exists.
Parameters: ~
{uri} (string)
Return: ~
(number) bufnr
uri_to_fname({uri}) *vim.uri_to_fname()*
Get a filename from a URI
Parameters: ~
{uri} (string)
Return: ~
(string) filename or unchanged URI for non-file URIs
==============================================================================
Lua module: ui *lua-ui*
input({opts}, {on_confirm}) *vim.ui.input()*
Prompts the user for input
Example: >
vim.ui.input({ prompt = 'Enter value for shiftwidth: ' }, function(input)
vim.o.shiftwidth = tonumber(input)
end)
<
Parameters: ~
{opts} (table) Additional options. See |input()|
• prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt
• default (string|nil) Default reply to the
input
• completion (string|nil) Specifies type of
completion supported for input. Supported
types are the same that can be supplied to
a user-defined command using the
"-complete=" argument. See
|:command-completion|
• highlight (function) Function that will be
used for highlighting user inputs.
{on_confirm} (function) ((input|nil) -> ()) Called once
the user confirms or abort the input.
`input` is what the user typed. `nil` if the
user aborted the dialog.
select({items}, {opts}, {on_choice}) *vim.ui.select()*
Prompts the user to pick a single item from a collection of
entries
Example: >
vim.ui.select({ 'tabs', 'spaces' }, {
prompt = 'Select tabs or spaces:',
format_item = function(item)
return "I'd like to choose " .. item
end,
}, function(choice)
if choice == 'spaces' then
vim.o.expandtab = true
else
vim.o.expandtab = false
end
end)
<
Parameters: ~
{items} (table) Arbitrary items
{opts} (table) Additional options
• prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt.
Defaults to `Select one of:`
• format_item (function item -> text)
Function to format an individual item from
`items`. Defaults to `tostring`.
• kind (string|nil) Arbitrary hint string
indicating the item shape. Plugins
reimplementing `vim.ui.select` may wish to
use this to infer the structure or
semantics of `items`, or the context in
which select() was called.
{on_choice} (function) ((item|nil, idx|nil) -> ()) Called
once the user made a choice. `idx` is the
1-based index of `item` within `items`. `nil`
if the user aborted the dialog.
==============================================================================
Lua module: filetype *lua-filetype*
add({filetypes}) *vim.filetype.add()*
Add new filetype mappings.
Filetype mappings can be added either by extension or by
filename (either the "tail" or the full file path). The full
file path is checked first, followed by the file name. If a
match is not found using the filename, then the filename is
matched against the list of |lua-patterns| (sorted by
priority) until a match is found. Lastly, if pattern matching
does not find a filetype, then the file extension is used.
The filetype can be either a string (in which case it is used
as the filetype directly) or a function. If a function, it
takes the full path and buffer number of the file as arguments
(along with captures from the matched pattern, if any) and
should return a string that will be used as the buffer's
filetype. Optionally, the function can return a second
function value which, when called, modifies the state of the
buffer. This can be used to, for example, set
filetype-specific buffer variables.
Filename patterns can specify an optional priority to resolve
cases when a file path matches multiple patterns. Higher
priorities are matched first. When omitted, the priority
defaults to 0.
See $VIMRUNTIME/lua/vim/filetype.lua for more examples.
Note that Lua filetype detection is only enabled when
|g:do_filetype_lua| is set to 1.
Example: >
vim.filetype.add({
extension = {
foo = "fooscript",
bar = function(path, bufnr)
if some_condition() then
return "barscript", function(bufnr)
-- Set a buffer variable
vim.b[bufnr].barscript_version = 2
end
end
return "bar"
end,
},
filename = {
[".foorc"] = "toml",
["/etc/foo/config"] = "toml",
},
pattern = {
[".*&zwj;/etc/foo/.*"] = "fooscript",
-- Using an optional priority
[".*&zwj;/etc/foo/.*%.conf"] = { "dosini", { priority = 10 } },
["README.(%a+)$"] = function(path, bufnr, ext)
if ext == "md" then
return "markdown"
elseif ext == "rst" then
return "rst"
end
end,
},
})
<
To add a fallback match on contents (see
|new-filetype-scripts|), use >
vim.filetype.add {
pattern = {
['.*'] = {
priority = -math.huge,
function(path, bufnr)
local content = vim.filetype.getlines(bufnr, 1)
if vim.filetype.matchregex(content, { [[^#!.*\<mine\>]] }) then
return 'mine'
elseif vim.filetype.matchregex(content, { [[\<drawing\>]] }) then
return 'drawing'
end
end,
},
},
}
<
Parameters: ~
{filetypes} (table) A table containing new filetype maps
(see example).
match({args}) *vim.filetype.match()*
Perform filetype detection.
The filetype can be detected using one of three methods:
1. Using an existing buffer
2. Using only a file name
3. Using only file contents
Of these, option 1 provides the most accurate result as it
uses both the buffer's filename and (optionally) the buffer
contents. Options 2 and 3 can be used without an existing
buffer, but may not always provide a match in cases where the
filename (or contents) cannot unambiguously determine the
filetype.
Each of the three options is specified using a key to the
single argument of this function. Example:
>
-- Using a buffer number
vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42 })
-- Override the filename of the given buffer
vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42, filename = 'foo.c' })
-- Using a filename without a buffer
vim.filetype.match({ filename = 'main.lua' })
-- Using file contents
vim.filetype.match({ contents = {'#!/usr/bin/env bash'} })
<
Parameters: ~
{args} (table) Table specifying which matching strategy
to use. Accepted keys are:
• buf (number): Buffer number to use for matching.
Mutually exclusive with {contents}
• filename (string): Filename to use for matching.
When {buf} is given, defaults to the filename of
the given buffer number. The file need not
actually exist in the filesystem. When used
without {buf} only the name of the file is used
for filetype matching. This may result in
failure to detect the filetype in cases where
the filename alone is not enough to disambiguate
the filetype.
• contents (table): An array of lines representing
file contents to use for matching. Can be used
with {filename}. Mutually exclusive with {buf}.
Return: ~
(string|nil) If a match was found, the matched filetype.
(function|nil) A function that modifies buffer state when
called (for example, to set some filetype specific buffer
variables). The function accepts a buffer number as its
only argument.
==============================================================================
Lua module: keymap *lua-keymap*
del({modes}, {lhs}, {opts}) *vim.keymap.del()*
Remove an existing mapping. Examples: >
vim.keymap.del('n', 'lhs')
vim.keymap.del({'n', 'i', 'v'}, '<leader>w', { buffer = 5 })
<
Parameters: ~
{opts} (table) A table of optional arguments:
• buffer: (number or boolean) Remove a mapping
from the given buffer. When "true" or 0, use the
current buffer.
See also: ~
|vim.keymap.set()|
set({mode}, {lhs}, {rhs}, {opts}) *vim.keymap.set()*
Add a new |mapping|. Examples: >
-- Can add mapping to Lua functions
vim.keymap.set('n', 'lhs', function() print("real lua function") end)
-- Can use it to map multiple modes
vim.keymap.set({'n', 'v'}, '<leader>lr', vim.lsp.buf.references, { buffer=true })
-- Can add mapping for specific buffer
vim.keymap.set('n', '<leader>w', "<cmd>w<cr>", { silent = true, buffer = 5 })
-- Expr mappings
vim.keymap.set('i', '<Tab>', function()
return vim.fn.pumvisible() == 1 and "<C-n>" or "<Tab>"
end, { expr = true })
-- <Plug> mappings
vim.keymap.set('n', '[%', '<Plug>(MatchitNormalMultiBackward)')
<
Note that in a mapping like: >
vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', require('jkl').my_fun)
<
the `require('jkl')` gets evaluated during this call in order to access the
function. If you want to avoid this cost at startup you can
wrap it in a function, for example: >
vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() return require('jkl').my_fun() end)
<
Parameters: ~
{mode} string|table Same mode short names as
|nvim_set_keymap()|. Can also be list of modes to
create mapping on multiple modes.
{lhs} (string) Left-hand side |{lhs}| of the mapping.
{rhs} string|function Right-hand side |{rhs}| of the
mapping. Can also be a Lua function. If a Lua
function and `opts.expr == true`, returning `nil`
is equivalent to an empty string.
{opts} (table) A table of |:map-arguments| such as
"silent". In addition to the options listed in
|nvim_set_keymap()|, this table also accepts the
following keys:
• buffer: (number or boolean) Add a mapping to the
given buffer. When "true" or 0, use the current
buffer.
• replace_keycodes: (boolean, default true) When
both this and expr is "true",
|nvim_replace_termcodes()| is applied to the
result of Lua expr maps.
• remap: (boolean) Make the mapping recursive.
This is the inverse of the "noremap" option from
|nvim_set_keymap()|. Default `false`.
See also: ~
|nvim_set_keymap()|
==============================================================================
Lua module: fs *lua-fs*
basename({file}) *vim.fs.basename()*
Return the basename of the given file or directory
Parameters: ~
{file} (string) File or directory
Return: ~
(string) Basename of {file}
dir({path}) *vim.fs.dir()*
Return an iterator over the files and directories located in
{path}
Parameters: ~
{path} (string) An absolute or relative path to the
directory to iterate over. The path is first
normalized |vim.fs.normalize()|.
Return: ~
Iterator over files and directories in {path}. Each
iteration yields two values: name and type. Each "name" is
the basename of the file or directory relative to {path}.
Type is one of "file" or "directory".
dirname({file}) *vim.fs.dirname()*
Return the parent directory of the given file or directory
Parameters: ~
{file} (string) File or directory
Return: ~
(string) Parent directory of {file}
find({names}, {opts}) *vim.fs.find()*
Find files or directories in the given path.
Finds any files or directories given in {names} starting from
{path}. If {upward} is "true" then the search traverses upward
through parent directories; otherwise, the search traverses
downward. Note that downward searches are recursive and may
search through many directories! If {stop} is non-nil, then
the search stops when the directory given in {stop} is
reached. The search terminates when {limit} (default 1)
matches are found. The search can be narrowed to find only
files or or only directories by specifying {type} to be "file"
or "directory", respectively.
Parameters: ~
{names} (string|table) Names of the files and directories
to find. Must be base names, paths and globs are
not supported.
{opts} (table) Optional keyword arguments:
• path (string): Path to begin searching from. If
omitted, the current working directory is used.
• upward (boolean, default false): If true,
search upward through parent directories.
Otherwise, search through child directories
(recursively).
• stop (string): Stop searching when this
directory is reached. The directory itself is
not searched.
• type (string): Find only files ("file") or
directories ("directory"). If omitted, both
files and directories that match {name} are
included.
• limit (number, default 1): Stop the search
after finding this many matches. Use
`math.huge` to place no limit on the number of
matches.
Return: ~
(table) The paths of all matching files or directories
normalize({path}) *vim.fs.normalize()*
Normalize a path to a standard format. A tilde (~) character
at the beginning of the path is expanded to the user's home
directory and any backslash (\) characters are converted to
forward slashes (/). Environment variables are also expanded.
Example: >
vim.fs.normalize('C:\Users\jdoe')
=> 'C:/Users/jdoe'
vim.fs.normalize('~/src/neovim')
=> '/home/jdoe/src/neovim'
vim.fs.normalize('$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nvim/init.vim')
=> '/Users/jdoe/.config/nvim/init.vim'
<
Parameters: ~
{path} (string) Path to normalize
Return: ~
(string) Normalized path
parents({start}) *vim.fs.parents()*
Iterate over all the parents of the given file or directory.
Example: >
local root_dir
for dir in vim.fs.parents(vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(0)) do
if vim.fn.isdirectory(dir .. "/.git") == 1 then
root_dir = dir
break
end
end
if root_dir then
print("Found git repository at", root_dir)
end
<
Parameters: ~
{start} (string) Initial file or directory.
Return: ~
(function) Iterator
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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