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neovim/runtime/doc/lua.txt
Bartłomiej Maryńczak 517ecb85f5
feat(stdlib): vim.json.encode(...,{escape_slash:boolean}) #30561 
Problem:
vim.json.encode escapes every slash in string values (for example in
file paths), and is not optional. Use-case is for preventing HTML
injections (eg. injecting `</script>` closing tag); in the context of
Nvim this is rarely useful.

Solution:
- Add a `escape_slash` flag to `vim.json.encode`.
- Defaults to `false`. (This is a "breaking" change, but more like
  a bug fix.)
2024-12-06 12:43:41 -08:00

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*lua.txt* Nvim
NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL
Lua engine *lua* *Lua*
Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
==============================================================================
INTRODUCTION *lua-intro*
The Lua 5.1 script engine is builtin and always available. Try this command to
get an idea of what lurks beneath: >vim
:lua vim.print(package.loaded)
Nvim includes a "standard library" |lua-stdlib| for Lua. It complements the
"editor stdlib" (|vimscript-functions| + |Ex-commands|) and the |API|, all of
which can be used from Lua code (|lua-vimscript| |vim.api|). These three
namespaces form the Nvim programming interface.
Lua plugins and user config are automatically discovered and loaded, just like
Vimscript. See |lua-guide| for practical guidance.
You can also run Lua scripts from your shell using the |-l| argument: >
nvim -l foo.lua [args...]
<
*lua-compat*
Lua 5.1 is the permanent interface for Nvim Lua. Plugins should target Lua 5.1
as specified in |luaref|; later versions (which are essentially different,
incompatible, dialects) are not supported. This includes extensions such as
`goto` that some Lua 5.1 interpreters like LuaJIT may support.
*lua-luajit*
While Nvim officially only requires Lua 5.1 support, it should be built with
LuaJIT or a compatible fork on supported platforms for performance reasons.
LuaJIT also comes with useful extensions such as `ffi`, |lua-profile|, and
enhanced standard library functions; these cannot be assumed to be available,
and Lua code in |init.lua| or plugins should check the `jit` global variable
before using them: >lua
if jit then
-- code for luajit
else
-- code for plain lua 5.1
end
<
*lua-bit*
One exception is the LuaJIT `bit` extension, which is always available: when
built with PUC Lua, Nvim includes a fallback implementation which provides
`require("bit")`.
*lua-profile*
If Nvim is built with LuaJIT, Lua code can be profiled via >lua
-- Start a profiling session:
require('jit.p').start('ri1', '/tmp/profile')
-- Perform arbitrary tasks (use plugins, scripts, etc.) ...
-- Stop the session. Profile is written to /tmp/profile.
require('jit.p').stop()
See https://luajit.org/ext_profiler.html or the `p.lua` source for details: >
:lua vim.cmd.edit(package.searchpath('jit.p', package.path))
==============================================================================
LUA CONCEPTS AND IDIOMS *lua-concepts*
Lua is very simple, and _consistent_: while there are some quirks, once you
internalize those quirks, everything works the same everywhere. Scopes
(closures) in particular are very consistent, unlike JavaScript or most other
languages.
Lua has three fundamental mechanisms—one for "each major aspect of
programming": tables, closures, and coroutines.
https://www.lua.org/doc/cacm2018.pdf
- Tables are the "object" or container datastructure: they represent both
lists and maps, you can extend them to represent your own datatypes and
change their behavior using |metatable|s (like Python's "datamodel").
- EVERY scope in Lua is a closure: a function is a closure, a module is
a closure, a `do` block (|lua-do|) is a closure--and they all work the same.
A Lua module is literally just a big closure discovered on the "path"
(where your modules are found: |package.cpath|).
- Stackful coroutines enable cooperative multithreading, generators, and
versatile control for both Lua and its host (Nvim).
*lua-error-handling*
Lua functions may throw |lua-errors| for exceptional (unexpected) failures,
which you can handle with |pcall()|.
*lua-result-or-message*
When failure is normal and expected, it's idiomatic to return `nil` which
signals to the caller that failure is not "exceptional" and must be handled.
This "result-or-message" pattern is expressed as the multi-value return type
`any|nil,nil|string`, or in LuaLS notation: >
---@return any|nil # result on success, nil on failure.
---@return nil|string # nil on success, error message on failure.
<
Examples of the "result-or-message" pattern:
- |vim.ui.open()|
- |io.open()|
- |luv-error-handling|
When a caller can't proceed on failure, it's idiomatic to `assert()` the
"result-or-message" result: >lua
local value = assert(fn())
Guidance: use the "result-or-message" pattern for...
- Functions where failure is expected, especially when communicating with the
external world. E.g. HTTP requests or LSP requests often fail because of
server problems, even if the caller did everything right.
- Functions that return a value, e.g. Foo:new().
- When there is a list of known error codes which can be returned as a third
value (like |luv-error-handling|).
<
*iterator*
An iterator is just a function that can be called repeatedly to get the "next"
value of a collection (or any other |iterable|). This interface is expected by
|for-in| loops, produced by |pairs()|, supported by |vim.iter|, etc.
https://www.lua.org/pil/7.1.html
*iterable*
An "iterable" is anything that |vim.iter()| can consume: tables, dicts, lists,
iterator functions, tables implementing the |__call()| metamethod, and
|vim.iter()| objects.
*list-iterator*
Iterators on |lua-list| tables have a "middle" and "end", whereas iterators in
general may be logically infinite. Therefore some |vim.iter| operations (e.g.
|Iter:rev()|) make sense only on list-like tables (which are finite by
definition).
*lua-function-call*
Lua functions can be called in multiple ways. Consider the function: >lua
local foo = function(a, b)
print("A: ", a)
print("B: ", b)
end
The first way to call this function is: >lua
foo(1, 2)
-- ==== Result ====
-- A: 1
-- B: 2
This way of calling a function is familiar from most scripting languages. In
Lua, any missing arguments are passed as `nil`, and extra parameters are
silently discarded. Example: >lua
foo(1)
-- ==== Result ====
-- A: 1
-- B: nil
<
*kwargs*
When calling a function, you can omit the parentheses if the function takes
exactly one string literal (`"foo"`) or table literal (`{1,2,3}`). The latter
is often used to mimic "named parameters" ("kwargs" or "keyword args") as in
languages like Python and C#. Example: >lua
local func_with_opts = function(opts)
local will_do_foo = opts.foo
local filename = opts.filename
...
end
func_with_opts { foo = true, filename = "hello.world" }
<
There's nothing special going on here except that parentheses are implicitly
added. But visually, this small bit of sugar gets reasonably close to a
"keyword args" interface.
*lua-regex*
Lua intentionally does not support regular expressions, instead it has limited
|lua-patterns| which avoid the performance pitfalls of extended regex. Lua
scripts can also use Vim regex via |vim.regex()|.
Examples: >lua
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "%d+"))
-- 123
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[^%d]+"))
-- foo
print(string.match("foo123bar123", "[abc]+"))
-- ba
print(string.match("foo.bar", "%.bar"))
-- .bar
==============================================================================
IMPORTING LUA MODULES *lua-module-load*
Modules are searched for under the directories specified in 'runtimepath', in
the order they appear. Any "." in the module name is treated as a directory
separator when searching. For a module `foo.bar`, each directory is searched
for `lua/foo/bar.lua`, then `lua/foo/bar/init.lua`. If no files are found,
the directories are searched again for a shared library with a name matching
`lua/foo/bar.?`, where `?` is a list of suffixes (such as `so` or `dll`) derived from
the initial value of |package.cpath|. If still no files are found, Nvim falls
back to Lua's default search mechanism. The first script found is run and
`require()` returns the value returned by the script if any, else `true`.
The return value is cached after the first call to `require()` for each module,
with subsequent calls returning the cached value without searching for, or
executing any script. For further details see |require()|.
For example, if 'runtimepath' is `foo,bar` and |package.cpath| was
`./?.so;./?.dll` at startup, `require('mod')` searches these paths in order
and loads the first module found ("first wins"): >
foo/lua/mod.lua
foo/lua/mod/init.lua
bar/lua/mod.lua
bar/lua/mod/init.lua
foo/lua/mod.so
foo/lua/mod.dll
bar/lua/mod.so
bar/lua/mod.dll
<
*lua-package-path*
Nvim automatically adjusts |package.path| and |package.cpath| according to the
effective 'runtimepath' value. Adjustment happens whenever 'runtimepath' is
changed. `package.path` is adjusted by simply appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each directory from 'runtimepath' (`/` is actually the
first character of `package.config`).
Similarly to |package.path|, modified directories from 'runtimepath' are also
added to |package.cpath|. In this case, instead of appending `/lua/?.lua` and
`/lua/?/init.lua` to each runtimepath, all unique `?`-containing suffixes of
the existing |package.cpath| are used. Example:
- 1. Given that
- 'runtimepath' contains `/foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc`;
- initial |package.cpath| (defined at compile-time or derived from
`$LUA_CPATH` / `$LUA_INIT`) contains `./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so`.
- 2. It finds `?`-containing suffixes `/?.so`, `/a?d/j/g.elf` and `/?.so`, in
order: parts of the path starting from the first path component containing
question mark and preceding path separator.
- 3. The suffix of `/def/?.so`, namely `/?.so` is not unique, as it’s the same
as the suffix of the first path from |package.path| (i.e. `./?.so`). Which
leaves `/?.so` and `/a?d/j/g.elf`, in this order.
- 4. 'runtimepath' has three paths: `/foo/bar`, `/xxx;yyy/baz` and `/abc`. The
second one contains a semicolon which is a paths separator so it is out,
leaving only `/foo/bar` and `/abc`, in order.
- 5. The cartesian product of paths from 4. and suffixes from 3. is taken,
giving four variants. In each variant a `/lua` path segment is inserted
between path and suffix, leaving:
- `/foo/bar/lua/?.so`
- `/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
- `/abc/lua/?.so`
- `/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf`
- 6. New paths are prepended to the original |package.cpath|.
The result will look like this: >
/foo/bar,/xxx;yyy/baz,/abc ('runtimepath')
× ./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so (package.cpath)
= /foo/bar/lua/?.so;/foo/bar/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;/abc/lua/?.so;/abc/lua/a?d/j/g.elf;./?.so;/def/ghi/a?d/j/g.elf;/def/?.so
Note:
- To track 'runtimepath' updates, paths added at previous update are
remembered and removed at the next update, while all paths derived from the
new 'runtimepath' are prepended as described above. This allows removing
paths when path is removed from 'runtimepath', adding paths when they are
added and reordering |package.path|/|package.cpath| content if 'runtimepath'
was reordered.
- Although adjustments happen automatically, Nvim does not track current
values of |package.path| or |package.cpath|. If you happen to delete some
paths from there you can set 'runtimepath' to trigger an update: >vim
let &runtimepath = &runtimepath
- Skipping paths from 'runtimepath' which contain semicolons applies both to
|package.path| and |package.cpath|. Given that there are some badly written
plugins using shell, which will not work with paths containing semicolons,
it is better to not have them in 'runtimepath' at all.
==============================================================================
COMMANDS *lua-commands*
These commands execute a Lua chunk from either the command line (:lua, :luado)
or a file (:luafile) on the given line [range]. As always in Lua, each chunk
has its own scope (closure), so only global variables are shared between
command calls. The |lua-stdlib| modules, user modules, and anything else on
|package.path| are available.
The Lua print() function redirects its output to the Nvim message area, with
arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
*:lua=* *:lua*
:lua {chunk}
Executes Lua chunk {chunk}. If {chunk} starts with "=" the rest of the
chunk is evaluated as an expression and printed. `:lua =expr` and `:=expr`
are equivalent to `:lua vim.print(expr)`.
Examples: >vim
:lua vim.api.nvim_command('echo "Hello, Nvim!"')
< To see the Lua version: >vim
:lua print(_VERSION)
< To see the LuaJIT version: >vim
:lua =jit.version
<
:{range}lua
Executes buffer lines in {range} as Lua code. Unlike |:source|, this
always treats the lines as Lua code.
Example: select the following code and type ":lua<Enter>" to execute it: >lua
print(string.format(
'unix time: %s', os.time()))
<
*:lua-heredoc*
:lua << [trim] [{endmarker}]
{script}
{endmarker}
Executes Lua script {script} from within Vimscript. You can omit
[endmarker] after the "<<" and use a dot "." after {script} (similar to
|:append|, |:insert|). Refer to |:let-heredoc| for more information.
Example: >vim
function! CurrentLineInfo()
lua << EOF
local linenr = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
local curline = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(0, linenr - 1, linenr, false)[1]
print(string.format('Line [%d] has %d bytes', linenr, #curline))
EOF
endfunction
<
Note that the `local` variables will disappear when the block finishes.
But not globals.
*:luado*
:[range]luado {body}
Executes Lua chunk "function(line, linenr) {body} end" for each buffer
line in [range], where `line` is the current line text (without <EOL>),
and `linenr` is the current line number. If the function returns a string
that becomes the text of the corresponding buffer line. Default [range] is
the whole file: "1,$".
Examples: >vim
:luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line)
:lua require"lpeg"
:lua -- balanced parenthesis grammar:
:lua bp = lpeg.P{ "(" * ((1 - lpeg.S"()") + lpeg.V(1))^0 * ")" }
:luado if bp:match(line) then return "=>\t" .. line end
<
*:luafile*
:luafile {file}
Execute Lua script in {file}.
The whole argument is used as the filename (like |:edit|), spaces do not
need to be escaped. Alternatively you can |:source| Lua files.
Examples: >vim
:luafile script.lua
:luafile %
<
==============================================================================
luaeval() *lua-eval*
The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Nvim is
"luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument used
for _A inside expression and returns the result of the expression. It is
semantically equivalent in Lua to: >lua
local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return "
function luaeval (expstr, arg)
local chunk = assert(loadstring(chunkheader .. expstr, "luaeval"))
return chunk(arg) -- return typval
end
<
Lua nils, numbers, strings, tables and booleans are converted to their
respective Vimscript types. If a Lua string contains a NUL byte, it will be
converted to a |Blob|. Conversion of other Lua types is an error.
The magic global "_A" contains the second argument to luaeval().
Example: >vim
:echo luaeval('_A[1] + _A[2]', [40, 2])
" 42
:echo luaeval('string.match(_A, "[a-z]+")', 'XYXfoo123')
" foo
<
*lua-table-ambiguous*
Lua tables are used as both dictionaries and lists, so it is impossible to
decide whether empty table is a list or a dict. Also Lua does not have integer
numbers. To disambiguate these cases, we define:
*lua-list*
0. Empty table is a list. Use |vim.empty_dict()| to represent empty dict.
1. Table with N consecutive (no `nil` values, aka "holes") integer keys 1…N is
a list. See also |list-iterator|.
*lua-dict*
2. Table with string keys, none of which contains NUL byte, is a dict.
3. Table with string keys, at least one of which contains NUL byte, is also
considered to be a dictionary, but this time it is converted to
a |msgpack-special-map|.
*lua-special-tbl*
4. Table with `vim.type_idx` key may be a dictionary, a list or floating-point
value:
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.float, [vim.val_idx]=1}` is converted to
a floating-point 1.0. Note that by default integral Lua numbers are
converted to |Number|s, non-integral are converted to |Float|s. This
variant allows integral |Float|s.
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary}` is converted to an empty
dictionary, `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.dictionary, [42]=1, a=2}` is
converted to a dictionary `{'a': 42}`: non-string keys are ignored.
Without `vim.type_idx` key tables with keys not fitting in 1., 2. or 3.
are errors.
- `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array}` is converted to an empty list. As well
as `{[vim.type_idx]=vim.types.array, [42]=1}`: integral keys that do not
form a 1-step sequence from 1 to N are ignored, as well as all
non-integral keys.
Examples: >vim
:echo luaeval('math.pi')
:function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y
: return luaeval('(_A.y-_A.x)*math.random()+_A.x', {'x':a:x,'y':a:y})
: endfunction
:echo Rand(1,10)
<
Note: Second argument to `luaeval` is converted ("marshalled") from Vimscript
to Lua, so changes to Lua containers do not affect values in Vimscript. Return
value is also always converted. When converting, |msgpack-special-dict|s are
treated specially.
==============================================================================
Vimscript v:lua interface *v:lua-call*
From Vimscript the special `v:lua` prefix can be used to call Lua functions
which are global or accessible from global tables. The expression >vim
call v:lua.func(arg1, arg2)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
return func(...)
where the args are converted to Lua values. The expression >vim
call v:lua.somemod.func(args)
is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
return somemod.func(...)
In addition, functions of packages can be accessed like >vim
call v:lua.require'mypack'.func(arg1, arg2)
call v:lua.require'mypack.submod'.func(arg1, arg2)
Note: Only single quote form without parens is allowed. Using
`require"mypack"` or `require('mypack')` as prefixes do NOT work (the latter
is still valid as a function call of itself, in case require returns a useful
value).
The `v:lua` prefix may be used to call Lua functions as |method|s. For
example: >vim
:eval arg1->v:lua.somemod.func(arg2)
<
You can use `v:lua` in "func" options like 'tagfunc', 'omnifunc', etc.
For example consider the following Lua omnifunc handler: >lua
function mymod.omnifunc(findstart, base)
if findstart == 1 then
return 0
else
return {'stuff', 'steam', 'strange things'}
end
end
vim.bo[buf].omnifunc = 'v:lua.mymod.omnifunc'
Note: The module ("mymod" in the above example) must either be a Lua global,
or use require() as shown above to access it from a package.
Note: `v:lua` without a call is not allowed in a Vimscript expression:
|Funcref|s cannot represent Lua functions. The following are errors: >vim
let g:Myvar = v:lua.myfunc " Error
call SomeFunc(v:lua.mycallback) " Error
let g:foo = v:lua " Error
let g:foo = v:['lua'] " Error
<
==============================================================================
Lua standard modules *lua-stdlib*
The Nvim Lua "standard library" (stdlib) is the `vim` module, which exposes
various functions and sub-modules. It is always loaded, thus `require("vim")`
is unnecessary.
You can peek at the module properties: >vim
:lua vim.print(vim)
Result is something like this: >
{
_os_proc_children = <function 1>,
_os_proc_info = <function 2>,
...
api = {
nvim__id = <function 5>,
nvim__id_array = <function 6>,
...
},
deepcopy = <function 106>,
gsplit = <function 107>,
...
}
To find documentation on e.g. the "deepcopy" function: >vim
:help vim.deepcopy()
Note that underscore-prefixed functions (e.g. "_os_proc_children") are
internal/private and must not be used by plugins.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIM.UV *lua-loop* *vim.uv*
`vim.uv` exposes the "luv" Lua bindings for the libUV library that Nvim uses
for networking, filesystem, and process management, see |luvref.txt|.
In particular, it allows interacting with the main Nvim |luv-event-loop|.
*E5560* *lua-loop-callbacks*
It is an error to directly invoke `vim.api` functions (except |api-fast|) in
`vim.uv` callbacks. For example, this is an error: >lua
local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
timer:start(1000, 0, function()
vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
end)
<
To avoid the error use |vim.schedule_wrap()| to defer the callback: >lua
local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
timer:start(1000, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
end))
<
(For one-shot timers, see |vim.defer_fn()|, which automatically adds the
wrapping.)
Example: repeating timer
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %". >lua
-- Create a timer handle (implementation detail: uv_timer_t).
local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
local i = 0
-- Waits 1000ms, then repeats every 750ms until timer:close().
timer:start(1000, 750, function()
print('timer invoked! i='..tostring(i))
if i > 4 then
timer:close() -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
end
i = i + 1
end)
print('sleeping');
<
Example: File-change detection *watch-file*
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
3. Use ":Watch %" to watch any file.
4. Try editing the file from another text editor.
5. Observe that the file reloads in Nvim (because on_change() calls
|:checktime|). >lua
local w = vim.uv.new_fs_event()
local function on_change(err, fname, status)
-- Do work...
vim.api.nvim_command('checktime')
-- Debounce: stop/start.
w:stop()
watch_file(fname)
end
function watch_file(fname)
local fullpath = vim.api.nvim_call_function(
'fnamemodify', {fname, ':p'})
w:start(fullpath, {}, vim.schedule_wrap(function(...)
on_change(...) end))
end
vim.api.nvim_command(
"command! -nargs=1 Watch call luaeval('watch_file(_A)', expand('<args>'))")
<
*inotify-limitations*
When on Linux you may need to increase the maximum number of `inotify` watches
and queued events as the default limit can be too low. To increase the limit,
run: >sh
sysctl fs.inotify.max_user_watches=494462
<
This will increase the limit to 494462 watches and queued events. These lines
can be added to `/etc/sysctl.conf` to make the changes persistent.
Note that each watch is a structure in the Kernel, thus available memory is
also a bottleneck for using inotify. In fact, a watch can take up to 1KB of
space. This means a million watches could result in 1GB of extra RAM usage.
Example: TCP echo-server *tcp-server*
1. Save this code to a file.
2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
3. Note the port number.
4. Connect from any TCP client (e.g. "nc 0.0.0.0 36795"): >lua
local function create_server(host, port, on_connect)
local server = vim.uv.new_tcp()
server:bind(host, port)
server:listen(128, function(err)
assert(not err, err) -- Check for errors.
local sock = vim.uv.new_tcp()
server:accept(sock) -- Accept client connection.
on_connect(sock) -- Start reading messages.
end)
return server
end
local server = create_server('0.0.0.0', 0, function(sock)
sock:read_start(function(err, chunk)
assert(not err, err) -- Check for errors.
if chunk then
sock:write(chunk) -- Echo received messages to the channel.
else -- EOF (stream closed).
sock:close() -- Always close handles to avoid leaks.
end
end)
end)
print('TCP echo-server listening on port: '..server:getsockname().port)
<
Multithreading *lua-loop-threading*
Plugins can perform work in separate (os-level) threads using the threading
APIs in luv, for instance `vim.uv.new_thread`. Note that every thread
gets its own separate Lua interpreter state, with no access to Lua globals
in the main thread. Neither can the state of the editor (buffers, windows,
etc) be directly accessed from threads.
A subset of the `vim.*` API is available in threads. This includes:
- `vim.uv` with a separate event loop per thread.
- `vim.mpack` and `vim.json` (useful for serializing messages between threads)
- `require` in threads can use Lua packages from the global |package.path|
- `print()` and `vim.inspect`
- `vim.diff`
- most utility functions in `vim.*` for working with pure Lua values
like `vim.split`, `vim.tbl_*`, `vim.list_*`, and so on.
- `vim.is_thread()` returns true from a non-main thread.
==============================================================================
VIM.HL *vim.hl*
vim.hl.on_yank({opts}) *vim.hl.on_yank()*
Highlight the yanked text during a |TextYankPost| event.
Add the following to your `init.vim`: >vim
autocmd TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.hl.on_yank {higroup='Visual', timeout=300}
<
Parameters: ~
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional parameters
• higroup highlight group for yanked region (default
"IncSearch")
• timeout time in ms before highlight is cleared (default 150)
• on_macro highlight when executing macro (default false)
• on_visual highlight when yanking visual selection (default
true)
• event event structure (default vim.v.event)
• priority integer priority (default
|vim.hl.priorities|`.user`)
vim.hl.priorities *vim.hl.priorities*
Table with default priorities used for highlighting:
• `syntax`: `50`, used for standard syntax highlighting
• `treesitter`: `100`, used for treesitter-based highlighting
• `semantic_tokens`: `125`, used for LSP semantic token highlighting
• `diagnostics`: `150`, used for code analysis such as diagnostics
• `user`: `200`, used for user-triggered highlights such as LSP document
symbols or `on_yank` autocommands
*vim.hl.range()*
vim.hl.range({bufnr}, {ns}, {higroup}, {start}, {finish}, {opts})
Apply highlight group to range of text.
Parameters: ~
• {bufnr} (`integer`) Buffer number to apply highlighting to
• {ns} (`integer`) Namespace to add highlight to
• {higroup} (`string`) Highlight group to use for highlighting
• {start} (`integer[]|string`) Start of region as a (line, column)
tuple or string accepted by |getpos()|
• {finish} (`integer[]|string`) End of region as a (line, column)
tuple or string accepted by |getpos()|
• {opts} (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {regtype}? (`string`, default: `'v'` i.e. charwise) Type
of range. See |getregtype()|
• {inclusive}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Indicates
whether the range is end-inclusive
• {priority}? (`integer`, default:
`vim.hl.priorities.user`) Highlight priority
==============================================================================
VIM.DIFF *vim.diff*
vim.diff({a}, {b}, {opts}) *vim.diff()*
Run diff on strings {a} and {b}. Any indices returned by this function,
either directly or via callback arguments, are 1-based.
Examples: >lua
vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n')
-- =>
-- @@ -1 +1,2 @@
-- -a
-- +b
-- +c
vim.diff('a\n', 'b\nc\n', {result_type = 'indices'})
-- =>
-- {
-- {1, 1, 1, 2}
-- }
<
Parameters: ~
• {a} (`string`) First string to compare
• {b} (`string`) Second string to compare
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional parameters:
• {on_hunk}?
(`fun(start_a: integer, count_a: integer, start_b: integer, count_b: integer): integer?`)
Invoked for each hunk in the diff. Return a negative number
to cancel the callback for any remaining hunks. Arguments:
• `start_a` (`integer`): Start line of hunk in {a}.
• `count_a` (`integer`): Hunk size in {a}.
• `start_b` (`integer`): Start line of hunk in {b}.
• `count_b` (`integer`): Hunk size in {b}.
• {result_type}? (`'unified'|'indices'`, default: `'unified'`)
Form of the returned diff:
• `unified`: String in unified format.
• `indices`: Array of hunk locations. Note: This option is
ignored if `on_hunk` is used.
• {linematch}? (`boolean|integer`) Run linematch on the
resulting hunks from xdiff. When integer, only hunks upto
this size in lines are run through linematch. Requires
`result_type = indices`, ignored otherwise.
• {algorithm}? (`'myers'|'minimal'|'patience'|'histogram'`,
default: `'myers'`) Diff algorithm to use. Values:
• `myers`: the default algorithm
• `minimal`: spend extra time to generate the smallest
possible diff
• `patience`: patience diff algorithm
• `histogram`: histogram diff algorithm
• {ctxlen}? (`integer`) Context length
• {interhunkctxlen}? (`integer`) Inter hunk context length
• {ignore_whitespace}? (`boolean`) Ignore whitespace
• {ignore_whitespace_change}? (`boolean`) Ignore whitespace
change
• {ignore_whitespace_change_at_eol}? (`boolean`) Ignore
whitespace change at end-of-line.
• {ignore_cr_at_eol}? (`boolean`) Ignore carriage return at
end-of-line
• {ignore_blank_lines}? (`boolean`) Ignore blank lines
• {indent_heuristic}? (`boolean`) Use the indent heuristic for
the internal diff library.
Return: ~
(`string|integer[][]?`) See {opts.result_type}. `nil` if
{opts.on_hunk} is given.
==============================================================================
VIM.MPACK *vim.mpack*
This module provides encoding and decoding of Lua objects to and from
msgpack-encoded strings. Supports |vim.NIL| and |vim.empty_dict()|.
vim.mpack.decode({str}) *vim.mpack.decode()*
Decodes (or "unpacks") the msgpack-encoded {str} to a Lua object.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`any`)
vim.mpack.encode({obj}) *vim.mpack.encode()*
Encodes (or "packs") Lua object {obj} as msgpack in a Lua string.
Parameters: ~
• {obj} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`string`)
==============================================================================
VIM.JSON *vim.json*
This module provides encoding and decoding of Lua objects to and from
JSON-encoded strings. Supports |vim.NIL| and |vim.empty_dict()|.
vim.json.decode({str}, {opts}) *vim.json.decode()*
Decodes (or "unpacks") the JSON-encoded {str} to a Lua object.
• Decodes JSON "null" as |vim.NIL| (controllable by {opts}, see below).
• Decodes empty object as |vim.empty_dict()|.
• Decodes empty array as `{}` (empty Lua table).
Example: >lua
vim.print(vim.json.decode('{"bar":[],"foo":{},"zub":null}'))
-- { bar = {}, foo = vim.empty_dict(), zub = vim.NIL }
<
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) Stringified JSON data.
• {opts} (`table<string,any>?`) Options table with keys:
• luanil: (table) Table with keys:
• object: (boolean) When true, converts `null` in JSON
objects to Lua `nil` instead of |vim.NIL|.
• array: (boolean) When true, converts `null` in JSON arrays
to Lua `nil` instead of |vim.NIL|.
Return: ~
(`any`)
vim.json.encode({obj}, {opts}) *vim.json.encode()*
Encodes (or "packs") Lua object {obj} as JSON in a Lua string.
Parameters: ~
• {obj} (`any`)
• {opts} (`table<string,any>?`) Options table with keys:
• escape_slash: (boolean) (default false) When true, escapes
`/` character in JSON strings
Return: ~
(`string`)
==============================================================================
VIM.BASE64 *vim.base64*
vim.base64.decode({str}) *vim.base64.decode()*
Decode a Base64 encoded string.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) Base64 encoded string
Return: ~
(`string`) Decoded string
vim.base64.encode({str}) *vim.base64.encode()*
Encode {str} using Base64.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) String to encode
Return: ~
(`string`) Encoded string
==============================================================================
VIM.SPELL *vim.spell*
vim.spell.check({str}) *vim.spell.check()*
Check {str} for spelling errors. Similar to the Vimscript function
|spellbadword()|.
Note: The behaviour of this function is dependent on: 'spelllang',
'spellfile', 'spellcapcheck' and 'spelloptions' which can all be local to
the buffer. Consider calling this with |nvim_buf_call()|.
Example: >lua
vim.spell.check("the quik brown fox")
-- =>
-- {
-- {'quik', 'bad', 5}
-- }
<
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`[string, 'bad'|'rare'|'local'|'caps', integer][]`) List of tuples
with three items:
• The badly spelled word.
• The type of the spelling error: "bad" spelling mistake "rare" rare
word "local" word only valid in another region "caps" word should
start with Capital
• The position in {str} where the word begins.
==============================================================================
VIM *vim.builtin*
vim.api.{func}({...}) *vim.api*
Invokes Nvim |API| function {func} with arguments {...}.
Example: call the "nvim_get_current_line()" API function: >lua
print(tostring(vim.api.nvim_get_current_line()))
vim.NIL *vim.NIL*
Special value representing NIL in |RPC| and |v:null| in Vimscript
conversion, and similar cases. Lua `nil` cannot be used as part of a Lua
table representing a Dictionary or Array, because it is treated as
missing: `{"foo", nil}` is the same as `{"foo"}`.
vim.type_idx *vim.type_idx*
Type index for use in |lua-special-tbl|. Specifying one of the values from
|vim.types| allows typing the empty table (it is unclear whether empty Lua
table represents empty list or empty array) and forcing integral numbers
to be |Float|. See |lua-special-tbl| for more details.
vim.val_idx *vim.val_idx*
Value index for tables representing |Float|s. A table representing
floating-point value 1.0 looks like this: >lua
{
[vim.type_idx] = vim.types.float,
[vim.val_idx] = 1.0,
}
< See also |vim.type_idx| and |lua-special-tbl|.
vim.types *vim.types*
Table with possible values for |vim.type_idx|. Contains two sets of
key-value pairs: first maps possible values for |vim.type_idx| to
human-readable strings, second maps human-readable type names to values
for |vim.type_idx|. Currently contains pairs for `float`, `array` and
`dictionary` types.
Note: One must expect that values corresponding to `vim.types.float`,
`vim.types.array` and `vim.types.dictionary` fall under only two following
assumptions:
1. Value may serve both as a key and as a value in a table. Given the
properties of Lua tables this basically means “value is not `nil`”.
2. For each value in `vim.types` table `vim.types[vim.types[value]]` is the
same as `value`.
No other restrictions are put on types, and it is not guaranteed that
values corresponding to `vim.types.float`, `vim.types.array` and
`vim.types.dictionary` will not change or that `vim.types` table will only
contain values for these three types.
*log_levels* *vim.log.levels*
Log levels are one of the values defined in `vim.log.levels`:
vim.log.levels.DEBUG
vim.log.levels.ERROR
vim.log.levels.INFO
vim.log.levels.TRACE
vim.log.levels.WARN
vim.log.levels.OFF
vim.empty_dict() *vim.empty_dict()*
Creates a special empty table (marked with a metatable), which Nvim
converts to an empty dictionary when translating Lua values to Vimscript
or API types. Nvim by default converts an empty table `{}` without this
metatable to an list/array.
Note: If numeric keys are present in the table, Nvim ignores the metatable
marker and converts the dict to a list/array anyway.
Return: ~
(`table`)
vim.iconv({str}, {from}, {to}) *vim.iconv()*
The result is a String, which is the text {str} converted from encoding
{from} to encoding {to}. When the conversion fails `nil` is returned. When
some characters could not be converted they are replaced with "?". The
encoding names are whatever the iconv() library function can accept, see
":Man 3 iconv".
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) Text to convert
• {from} (`string`) Encoding of {str}
• {to} (`string`) Target encoding
Return: ~
(`string?`) Converted string if conversion succeeds, `nil` otherwise.
vim.in_fast_event() *vim.in_fast_event()*
Returns true if the code is executing as part of a "fast" event handler,
where most of the API is disabled. These are low-level events (e.g.
|lua-loop-callbacks|) which can be invoked whenever Nvim polls for input.
When this is `false` most API functions are callable (but may be subject
to other restrictions such as |textlock|).
vim.rpcnotify({channel}, {method}, {...}) *vim.rpcnotify()*
Sends {event} to {channel} via |RPC| and returns immediately. If {channel}
is 0, the event is broadcast to all channels.
This function also works in a fast callback |lua-loop-callbacks|.
Parameters: ~
• {channel} (`integer`)
• {method} (`string`)
• {...} (`any?`)
vim.rpcrequest({channel}, {method}, {...}) *vim.rpcrequest()*
Sends a request to {channel} to invoke {method} via |RPC| and blocks until
a response is received.
Note: NIL values as part of the return value is represented as |vim.NIL|
special value
Parameters: ~
• {channel} (`integer`)
• {method} (`string`)
• {...} (`any?`)
vim.schedule({fn}) *vim.schedule()*
Schedules {fn} to be invoked soon by the main event-loop. Useful to avoid
|textlock| or other temporary restrictions.
Parameters: ~
• {fn} (`fun()`)
vim.str_utf_end({str}, {index}) *vim.str_utf_end()*
Gets the distance (in bytes) from the last byte of the codepoint
(character) that {index} points to.
Examples: >lua
-- The character 'æ' is stored as the bytes '\xc3\xa6' (using UTF-8)
-- Returns 0 because the index is pointing at the last byte of a character
vim.str_utf_end('æ', 2)
-- Returns 1 because the index is pointing at the penultimate byte of a character
vim.str_utf_end('æ', 1)
<
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
• {index} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`integer`)
vim.str_utf_pos({str}) *vim.str_utf_pos()*
Gets a list of the starting byte positions of each UTF-8 codepoint in the
given string.
Embedded NUL bytes are treated as terminating the string.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`integer[]`)
vim.str_utf_start({str}, {index}) *vim.str_utf_start()*
Gets the distance (in bytes) from the starting byte of the codepoint
(character) that {index} points to.
The result can be added to {index} to get the starting byte of a
character.
Examples: >lua
-- The character 'æ' is stored as the bytes '\xc3\xa6' (using UTF-8)
-- Returns 0 because the index is pointing at the first byte of a character
vim.str_utf_start('æ', 1)
-- Returns -1 because the index is pointing at the second byte of a character
vim.str_utf_start('æ', 2)
<
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
• {index} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`integer`)
vim.stricmp({a}, {b}) *vim.stricmp()*
Compares strings case-insensitively.
Parameters: ~
• {a} (`string`)
• {b} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`0|1|-1`) if strings are equal, {a} is greater than {b} or {a} is
lesser than {b}, respectively.
vim.ui_attach({ns}, {options}, {callback}) *vim.ui_attach()*
WARNING: This feature is experimental/unstable.
Attach to |ui-events|, similar to |nvim_ui_attach()| but receive events as
Lua callback. Can be used to implement screen elements like popupmenu or
message handling in Lua.
{options} should be a dictionary-like table, where `ext_...` options
should be set to true to receive events for the respective external
element.
{callback} receives event name plus additional parameters. See
|ui-popupmenu| and the sections below for event format for respective
events.
Callbacks for `msg_show` events are executed in |api-fast| context unless
Nvim will wait for input, in which case messages should be shown
immediately.
Excessive errors inside the callback will result in forced detachment.
WARNING: This api is considered experimental. Usability will vary for
different screen elements. In particular `ext_messages` behavior is
subject to further changes and usability improvements. This is expected to
be used to handle messages when setting 'cmdheight' to zero (which is
likewise experimental).
Example (stub for a |ui-popupmenu| implementation): >lua
ns = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace('my_fancy_pum')
vim.ui_attach(ns, {ext_popupmenu=true}, function(event, ...)
if event == "popupmenu_show" then
local items, selected, row, col, grid = ...
print("display pum ", #items)
elseif event == "popupmenu_select" then
local selected = ...
print("selected", selected)
elseif event == "popupmenu_hide" then
print("FIN")
end
end)
<
Parameters: ~
• {ns} (`integer`)
• {options} (`table<string, any>`)
• {callback} (`fun()`)
vim.ui_detach({ns}) *vim.ui_detach()*
Detach a callback previously attached with |vim.ui_attach()| for the given
namespace {ns}.
Parameters: ~
• {ns} (`integer`)
vim.wait({time}, {callback}, {interval}, {fast_only}) *vim.wait()*
Wait for {time} in milliseconds until {callback} returns `true`.
Executes {callback} immediately and at approximately {interval}
milliseconds (default 200). Nvim still processes other events during this
time.
Cannot be called while in an |api-fast| event.
Examples: >lua
---
-- Wait for 100 ms, allowing other events to process
vim.wait(100, function() end)
---
-- Wait for 100 ms or until global variable set.
vim.wait(100, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end)
---
-- Wait for 1 second or until global variable set, checking every ~500 ms
vim.wait(1000, function() return vim.g.waiting_for_var end, 500)
---
-- Schedule a function to set a value in 100ms
vim.defer_fn(function() vim.g.timer_result = true end, 100)
-- Would wait ten seconds if results blocked. Actually only waits 100 ms
if vim.wait(10000, function() return vim.g.timer_result end) then
print('Only waiting a little bit of time!')
end
<
Parameters: ~
• {time} (`integer`) Number of milliseconds to wait
• {callback} (`fun(): boolean?`) Optional callback. Waits until
{callback} returns true
• {interval} (`integer?`) (Approximate) number of milliseconds to wait
between polls
• {fast_only} (`boolean?`) If true, only |api-fast| events will be
processed.
Return (multiple): ~
(`boolean`)
(`-1|-2?`)
• If {callback} returns `true` during the {time}: `true, nil`
• If {callback} never returns `true` during the {time}: `false, -1`
• If {callback} is interrupted during the {time}: `false, -2`
• If {callback} errors, the error is raised.
==============================================================================
LUA-VIMSCRIPT BRIDGE *lua-vimscript*
Nvim Lua provides an interface or "bridge" to Vimscript variables and
functions, and editor commands and options.
Objects passed over this bridge are COPIED (marshalled): there are no
"references". |lua-guide-variables| For example, using `vim.fn.remove()` on a
Lua list copies the list object to Vimscript and does NOT modify the Lua list: >lua
local list = { 1, 2, 3 }
vim.fn.remove(list, 0)
vim.print(list) --> "{ 1, 2, 3 }"
<
vim.call({func}, {...}) *vim.call()*
Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
See also |vim.fn|.
Equivalent to: >lua
vim.fn[func]({...})
<
vim.cmd({command})
See |vim.cmd()|.
vim.fn.{func}({...}) *vim.fn*
Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
To call autoload functions, use the syntax: >lua
vim.fn['some#function']({...})
<
Unlike vim.api.|nvim_call_function()| this converts directly between Vim
objects and Lua objects. If the Vim function returns a float, it will be
represented directly as a Lua number. Empty lists and dictionaries both
are represented by an empty table.
Note: |v:null| values as part of the return value is represented as
|vim.NIL| special value
Note: vim.fn keys are generated lazily, thus `pairs(vim.fn)` only
enumerates functions that were called at least once.
Note: The majority of functions cannot run in |api-fast| callbacks with some
undocumented exceptions which are allowed.
*lua-vim-variables*
The Vim editor global dictionaries |g:| |w:| |b:| |t:| |v:| can be accessed
from Lua conveniently and idiomatically by referencing the `vim.*` Lua tables
described below. In this way you can easily read and modify global Vimscript
variables from Lua.
Example: >lua
vim.g.foo = 5 -- Set the g:foo Vimscript variable.
print(vim.g.foo) -- Get and print the g:foo Vimscript variable.
vim.g.foo = nil -- Delete (:unlet) the Vimscript variable.
vim.b[2].foo = 6 -- Set b:foo for buffer 2
<
Note that setting dictionary fields directly will not write them back into
Nvim. This is because the index into the namespace simply returns a copy.
Instead the whole dictionary must be written as one. This can be achieved by
creating a short-lived temporary.
Example: >lua
vim.g.my_dict.field1 = 'value' -- Does not work
local my_dict = vim.g.my_dict --
my_dict.field1 = 'value' -- Instead do
vim.g.my_dict = my_dict --
vim.g *vim.g*
Global (|g:|) editor variables.
Key with no value returns `nil`.
vim.b *vim.b*
Buffer-scoped (|b:|) variables for the current buffer.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific buffer.
vim.w *vim.w*
Window-scoped (|w:|) variables for the current window.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific window.
vim.t *vim.t*
Tabpage-scoped (|t:|) variables for the current tabpage.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`. Can be indexed with
an integer to access variables for a specific tabpage.
vim.v *vim.v*
|v:| variables.
Invalid or unset key returns `nil`.
*lua-options*
*lua-vim-options*
*lua-vim-set*
*lua-vim-setlocal*
Vim options can be accessed through |vim.o|, which behaves like Vimscript
|:set|.
Examples: ~
To set a boolean toggle:
Vimscript: `set number`
Lua: `vim.o.number = true`
To set a string value:
Vimscript: `set wildignore=*.o,*.a,__pycache__`
Lua: `vim.o.wildignore = '*.o,*.a,__pycache__'`
Similarly, there is |vim.bo| and |vim.wo| for setting buffer-scoped and
window-scoped options. Note that this must NOT be confused with
|local-options| and |:setlocal|. There is also |vim.go| that only accesses the
global value of a |global-local| option, see |:setglobal|.
*vim.opt_local*
*vim.opt_global*
*vim.opt*
A special interface |vim.opt| exists for conveniently interacting with list-
and map-style option from Lua: It allows accessing them as Lua tables and
offers object-oriented method for adding and removing entries.
Examples: ~
The following methods of setting a list-style option are equivalent:
In Vimscript: >vim
set wildignore=*.o,*.a,__pycache__
<
In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
vim.o.wildignore = '*.o,*.a,__pycache__'
<
In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore = { '*.o', '*.a', '__pycache__' }
<
To replicate the behavior of |:set+=|, use: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore:append { "*.pyc", "node_modules" }
<
To replicate the behavior of |:set^=|, use: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore:prepend { "new_first_value" }
<
To replicate the behavior of |:set-=|, use: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore:remove { "node_modules" }
<
The following methods of setting a map-style option are equivalent:
In Vimscript: >vim
set listchars=space:_,tab:>~
<
In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
vim.o.listchars = 'space:_,tab:>~'
<
In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
vim.opt.listchars = { space = '_', tab = '>~' }
<
Note that |vim.opt| returns an `Option` object, not the value of the option,
which is accessed through |vim.opt:get()|:
Examples: ~
The following methods of getting a list-style option are equivalent:
In Vimscript: >vim
echo wildignore
<
In Lua using `vim.o`: >lua
print(vim.o.wildignore)
<
In Lua using `vim.opt`: >lua
vim.print(vim.opt.wildignore:get())
<
In any of the above examples, to replicate the behavior |:setlocal|, use
`vim.opt_local`. Additionally, to replicate the behavior of |:setglobal|, use
`vim.opt_global`.
Option:append({value}) *vim.opt:append()*
Append a value to string-style options. See |:set+=|
These are equivalent: >lua
vim.opt.formatoptions:append('j')
vim.opt.formatoptions = vim.opt.formatoptions + 'j'
<
Parameters: ~
• {value} (`string`) Value to append
Option:get() *vim.opt:get()*
Returns a Lua-representation of the option. Boolean, number and string
values will be returned in exactly the same fashion.
For values that are comma-separated lists, an array will be returned with
the values as entries in the array: >lua
vim.cmd [[set wildignore=*.pyc,*.o]]
vim.print(vim.opt.wildignore:get())
-- { "*.pyc", "*.o", }
for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs(vim.opt.wildignore:get()) do
print("Will ignore:", ignore_pattern)
end
-- Will ignore: *.pyc
-- Will ignore: *.o
<
For values that are comma-separated maps, a table will be returned with
the names as keys and the values as entries: >lua
vim.cmd [[set listchars=space:_,tab:>~]]
vim.print(vim.opt.listchars:get())
-- { space = "_", tab = ">~", }
for char, representation in pairs(vim.opt.listchars:get()) do
print(char, "=>", representation)
end
<
For values that are lists of flags, a set will be returned with the flags
as keys and `true` as entries. >lua
vim.cmd [[set formatoptions=njtcroql]]
vim.print(vim.opt.formatoptions:get())
-- { n = true, j = true, c = true, ... }
local format_opts = vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
if format_opts.j then
print("J is enabled!")
end
<
Return: ~
(`string|integer|boolean?`) value of option
Option:prepend({value}) *vim.opt:prepend()*
Prepend a value to string-style options. See |:set^=|
These are equivalent: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore:prepend('*.o')
vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ '*.o'
<
Parameters: ~
• {value} (`string`) Value to prepend
Option:remove({value}) *vim.opt:remove()*
Remove a value from string-style options. See |:set-=|
These are equivalent: >lua
vim.opt.wildignore:remove('*.pyc')
vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore - '*.pyc'
<
Parameters: ~
• {value} (`string`) Value to remove
vim.bo[{bufnr}] *vim.bo*
Get or set buffer-scoped |options| for the buffer with number {bufnr}.
Like `:setlocal`. If {bufnr} is omitted then the current buffer is used.
Invalid {bufnr} or key is an error.
Example: >lua
local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
vim.bo[bufnr].buflisted = true -- same as vim.bo.buflisted = true
print(vim.bo.comments)
print(vim.bo.baz) -- error: invalid key
<
vim.env *vim.env*
Environment variables defined in the editor session. See |expand-env| and
|:let-environment| for the Vimscript behavior. Invalid or unset key
returns `nil`.
Example: >lua
vim.env.FOO = 'bar'
print(vim.env.TERM)
<
vim.go *vim.go*
Get or set global |options|. Like `:setglobal`. Invalid key is an error.
Note: this is different from |vim.o| because this accesses the global
option value and thus is mostly useful for use with |global-local|
options.
Example: >lua
vim.go.cmdheight = 4
print(vim.go.columns)
print(vim.go.bar) -- error: invalid key
<
vim.o *vim.o*
Get or set |options|. Like `:set`. Invalid key is an error.
Note: this works on both buffer-scoped and window-scoped options using the
current buffer and window.
Example: >lua
vim.o.cmdheight = 4
print(vim.o.columns)
print(vim.o.foo) -- error: invalid key
<
vim.wo[{winid}][{bufnr}] *vim.wo*
Get or set window-scoped |options| for the window with handle {winid} and
buffer with number {bufnr}. Like `:setlocal` if setting a |global-local|
option or if {bufnr} is provided, like `:set` otherwise. If {winid} is
omitted then the current window is used. Invalid {winid}, {bufnr} or key
is an error.
Note: only {bufnr} with value `0` (the current buffer in the window) is
supported.
Example: >lua
local winid = vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
vim.wo[winid].number = true -- same as vim.wo.number = true
print(vim.wo.foldmarker)
print(vim.wo.quux) -- error: invalid key
vim.wo[winid][0].spell = false -- like ':setlocal nospell'
<
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim *lua-vim*
vim.cmd({command}) *vim.cmd()*
Executes Vim script commands.
Note that `vim.cmd` can be indexed with a command name to return a
callable function to the command.
Example: >lua
vim.cmd('echo 42')
vim.cmd([[
augroup My_group
autocmd!
autocmd FileType c setlocal cindent
augroup END
]])
-- Ex command :echo "foo"
-- Note string literals need to be double quoted.
vim.cmd('echo "foo"')
vim.cmd { cmd = 'echo', args = { '"foo"' } }
vim.cmd.echo({ args = { '"foo"' } })
vim.cmd.echo('"foo"')
-- Ex command :write! myfile.txt
vim.cmd('write! myfile.txt')
vim.cmd { cmd = 'write', args = { "myfile.txt" }, bang = true }
vim.cmd.write { args = { "myfile.txt" }, bang = true }
vim.cmd.write { "myfile.txt", bang = true }
-- Ex command :colorscheme blue
vim.cmd('colorscheme blue')
vim.cmd.colorscheme('blue')
<
Parameters: ~
• {command} (`string|table`) Command(s) to execute. If a string,
executes multiple lines of Vim script at once. In this
case, it is an alias to |nvim_exec2()|, where `opts.output`
is set to false. Thus it works identical to |:source|. If a
table, executes a single command. In this case, it is an
alias to |nvim_cmd()| where `opts` is empty.
See also: ~
• |ex-cmd-index|
vim.defer_fn({fn}, {timeout}) *vim.defer_fn()*
Defers calling {fn} until {timeout} ms passes.
Use to do a one-shot timer that calls {fn} Note: The {fn} is
|vim.schedule_wrap()|ped automatically, so API functions are safe to call.
Parameters: ~
• {fn} (`function`) Callback to call once `timeout` expires
• {timeout} (`integer`) Number of milliseconds to wait before calling
`fn`
Return: ~
(`table`) timer luv timer object
*vim.deprecate()*
vim.deprecate({name}, {alternative}, {version}, {plugin}, {backtrace})
Shows a deprecation message to the user.
Parameters: ~
• {name} (`string`) Deprecated feature (function, API, etc.).
• {alternative} (`string?`) Suggested alternative feature.
• {version} (`string`) Version when the deprecated function will be
removed.
• {plugin} (`string?`) Name of the plugin that owns the deprecated
feature. Defaults to "Nvim".
• {backtrace} (`boolean?`) Prints backtrace. Defaults to true.
Return: ~
(`string?`) Deprecated message, or nil if no message was shown.
vim.inspect() *vim.inspect()*
Gets a human-readable representation of the given object.
Return: ~
(`string`)
See also: ~
• |vim.print()|
• https://github.com/kikito/inspect.lua
• https://github.com/mpeterv/vinspect
vim.keycode({str}) *vim.keycode()*
Translates keycodes.
Example: >lua
local k = vim.keycode
vim.g.mapleader = k'<bs>'
<
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) String to be converted.
Return: ~
(`string`)
See also: ~
• |nvim_replace_termcodes()|
vim.lua_omnifunc({find_start}) *vim.lua_omnifunc()*
Omnifunc for completing Lua values from the runtime Lua interpreter,
similar to the builtin completion for the `:lua` command.
Activate using `set omnifunc=v:lua.vim.lua_omnifunc` in a Lua buffer.
Parameters: ~
• {find_start} (`1|0`)
vim.notify({msg}, {level}, {opts}) *vim.notify()*
Displays a notification to the user.
This function can be overridden by plugins to display notifications using
a custom provider (such as the system notification provider). By default,
writes to |:messages|.
Parameters: ~
• {msg} (`string`) Content of the notification to show to the user.
• {level} (`integer?`) One of the values from |vim.log.levels|.
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional parameters. Unused by default.
vim.notify_once({msg}, {level}, {opts}) *vim.notify_once()*
Displays a notification only one time.
Like |vim.notify()|, but subsequent calls with the same message will not
display a notification.
Parameters: ~
• {msg} (`string`) Content of the notification to show to the user.
• {level} (`integer?`) One of the values from |vim.log.levels|.
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional parameters. Unused by default.
Return: ~
(`boolean`) true if message was displayed, else false
vim.on_key({fn}, {ns_id}, {opts}) *vim.on_key()*
Adds Lua function {fn} with namespace id {ns_id} as a listener to every,
yes every, input key.
The Nvim command-line option |-w| is related but does not support
callbacks and cannot be toggled dynamically.
Note: ~
• {fn} will be removed on error.
• {fn} won't be invoked recursively, i.e. if {fn} itself consumes input,
it won't be invoked for those keys.
• {fn} will not be cleared by |nvim_buf_clear_namespace()|
Parameters: ~
• {fn} (`fun(key: string, typed: string): string??`) Function
invoked for every input key, after mappings have been applied
but before further processing. Arguments {key} and {typed}
are raw keycodes, where {key} is the key after mappings are
applied, and {typed} is the key(s) before mappings are
applied. {typed} may be empty if {key} is produced by
non-typed key(s) or by the same typed key(s) that produced a
previous {key}. If {fn} returns an empty string, {key} is
discarded/ignored. When {fn} is `nil`, the callback
associated with namespace {ns_id} is removed.
• {ns_id} (`integer?`) Namespace ID. If nil or 0, generates and returns
a new |nvim_create_namespace()| id.
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional parameters
Return: ~
(`integer`) Namespace id associated with {fn}. Or count of all
callbacks if on_key() is called without arguments.
See also: ~
• |keytrans()|
vim.paste({lines}, {phase}) *vim.paste()*
Paste handler, invoked by |nvim_paste()|.
Note: This is provided only as a "hook", don't call it directly; call
|nvim_paste()| instead, which arranges redo (dot-repeat) and invokes
`vim.paste`.
Example: To remove ANSI color codes when pasting: >lua
vim.paste = (function(overridden)
return function(lines, phase)
for i,line in ipairs(lines) do
-- Scrub ANSI color codes from paste input.
lines[i] = line:gsub('\27%[[0-9;mK]+', '')
end
return overridden(lines, phase)
end
end)(vim.paste)
<
Parameters: ~
• {lines} (`string[]`) |readfile()|-style list of lines to paste.
|channel-lines|
• {phase} (`-1|1|2|3`) -1: "non-streaming" paste: the call contains all
lines. If paste is "streamed", `phase` indicates the stream
state:
• 1: starts the paste (exactly once)
• 2: continues the paste (zero or more times)
• 3: ends the paste (exactly once)
Return: ~
(`boolean`) result false if client should cancel the paste.
See also: ~
• |paste|
vim.print({...}) *vim.print()*
"Pretty prints" the given arguments and returns them unmodified.
Example: >lua
local hl_normal = vim.print(vim.api.nvim_get_hl(0, { name = 'Normal' }))
<
Parameters: ~
• {...} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`any`) given arguments.
See also: ~
• |vim.inspect()|
• |:=|
vim.schedule_wrap({fn}) *vim.schedule_wrap()*
Returns a function which calls {fn} via |vim.schedule()|.
The returned function passes all arguments to {fn}.
Example: >lua
function notify_readable(_err, readable)
vim.notify("readable? " .. tostring(readable))
end
vim.uv.fs_access(vim.fn.stdpath("config"), "R", vim.schedule_wrap(notify_readable))
<
Parameters: ~
• {fn} (`function`)
Return: ~
(`function`)
See also: ~
• |lua-loop-callbacks|
• |vim.schedule()|
• |vim.in_fast_event()|
*vim.str_byteindex()*
vim.str_byteindex({s}, {encoding}, {index}, {strict_indexing})
Convert UTF-32, UTF-16 or UTF-8 {index} to byte index. If
{strict_indexing} is false then then an out of range index will return
byte length instead of throwing an error.
Invalid UTF-8 and NUL is treated like in |vim.str_utfindex()|. An {index}
in the middle of a UTF-16 sequence is rounded upwards to the end of that
sequence.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`)
• {encoding} (`"utf-8"|"utf-16"|"utf-32"`)
• {index} (`integer`)
• {strict_indexing} (`boolean?`) default: true
Return: ~
(`integer`)
*vim.str_utfindex()*
vim.str_utfindex({s}, {encoding}, {index}, {strict_indexing})
Convert byte index to UTF-32, UTF-16 or UTF-8 indices. If {index} is not
supplied, the length of the string is used. All indices are zero-based.
If {strict_indexing} is false then an out of range index will return
string length instead of throwing an error. Invalid UTF-8 bytes, and
embedded surrogates are counted as one code point each. An {index} in the
middle of a UTF-8 sequence is rounded upwards to the end of that sequence.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`)
• {encoding} (`"utf-8"|"utf-16"|"utf-32"`)
• {index} (`integer?`)
• {strict_indexing} (`boolean?`) default: true
Return: ~
(`integer`)
vim.system({cmd}, {opts}, {on_exit}) *vim.system()*
Runs a system command or throws an error if {cmd} cannot be run.
Examples: >lua
local on_exit = function(obj)
print(obj.code)
print(obj.signal)
print(obj.stdout)
print(obj.stderr)
end
-- Runs asynchronously:
vim.system({'echo', 'hello'}, { text = true }, on_exit)
-- Runs synchronously:
local obj = vim.system({'echo', 'hello'}, { text = true }):wait()
-- { code = 0, signal = 0, stdout = 'hello', stderr = '' }
<
See |uv.spawn()| for more details. Note: unlike |uv.spawn()|, vim.system
throws an error if {cmd} cannot be run.
Parameters: ~
• {cmd} (`string[]`) Command to execute
• {opts} (`vim.SystemOpts?`) Options:
• cwd: (string) Set the current working directory for the
sub-process.
• env: table<string,string> Set environment variables for
the new process. Inherits the current environment with
`NVIM` set to |v:servername|.
• clear_env: (boolean) `env` defines the job environment
exactly, instead of merging current environment.
• stdin: (string|string[]|boolean) If `true`, then a pipe
to stdin is opened and can be written to via the
`write()` method to SystemObj. If string or string[] then
will be written to stdin and closed. Defaults to `false`.
• stdout: (boolean|function) Handle output from stdout.
When passed as a function must have the signature
`fun(err: string, data: string)`. Defaults to `true`
• stderr: (boolean|function) Handle output from stderr.
When passed as a function must have the signature
`fun(err: string, data: string)`. Defaults to `true`.
• text: (boolean) Handle stdout and stderr as text.
Replaces `\r\n` with `\n`.
• timeout: (integer) Run the command with a time limit.
Upon timeout the process is sent the TERM signal (15) and
the exit code is set to 124.
• detach: (boolean) If true, spawn the child process in a
detached state - this will make it a process group
leader, and will effectively enable the child to keep
running after the parent exits. Note that the child
process will still keep the parent's event loop alive
unless the parent process calls |uv.unref()| on the
child's process handle.
• {on_exit} (`fun(out: vim.SystemCompleted)?`) Called when subprocess
exits. When provided, the command runs asynchronously.
Receives SystemCompleted object, see return of
SystemObj:wait().
Return: ~
(`vim.SystemObj`) Object with the fields:
• cmd (string[]) Command name and args
• pid (integer) Process ID
• wait (fun(timeout: integer|nil): SystemCompleted) Wait for the
process to complete. Upon timeout the process is sent the KILL
signal (9) and the exit code is set to 124. Cannot be called in
|api-fast|.
• SystemCompleted is an object with the fields:
• code: (integer)
• signal: (integer)
• stdout: (string), nil if stdout argument is passed
• stderr: (string), nil if stderr argument is passed
• kill (fun(signal: integer|string))
• write (fun(data: string|nil)) Requires `stdin=true`. Pass `nil` to
close the stream.
• is_closing (fun(): boolean)
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.inspector *vim.inspector*
vim.inspect_pos({bufnr}, {row}, {col}, {filter}) *vim.inspect_pos()*
Get all the items at a given buffer position.
Can also be pretty-printed with `:Inspect!`. *:Inspect!*
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {bufnr} (`integer?`) defaults to the current buffer
• {row} (`integer?`) row to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the row of
the current cursor
• {col} (`integer?`) col to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the col of
the current cursor
• {filter} (`table?`) Table with key-value pairs to filter the items
• {syntax} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include syntax based
highlight groups.
• {treesitter} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include
treesitter based highlight groups.
• {extmarks} (`boolean|"all"`, default: true) Include
extmarks. When `all`, then extmarks without a `hl_group`
will also be included.
• {semantic_tokens} (`boolean`, default: true) Include
semantic token highlights.
Return: ~
(`table`) a table with the following key-value pairs. Items are in
"traversal order":
• treesitter: a list of treesitter captures
• syntax: a list of syntax groups
• semantic_tokens: a list of semantic tokens
• extmarks: a list of extmarks
• buffer: the buffer used to get the items
• row: the row used to get the items
• col: the col used to get the items
vim.show_pos({bufnr}, {row}, {col}, {filter}) *vim.show_pos()*
Show all the items at a given buffer position.
Can also be shown with `:Inspect`. *:Inspect*
Example: To bind this function to the vim-scriptease inspired `zS` in
Normal mode: >lua
vim.keymap.set('n', 'zS', vim.show_pos)
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {bufnr} (`integer?`) defaults to the current buffer
• {row} (`integer?`) row to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the row of
the current cursor
• {col} (`integer?`) col to inspect, 0-based. Defaults to the col of
the current cursor
• {filter} (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {syntax} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include syntax based
highlight groups.
• {treesitter} (`boolean`, default: `true`) Include
treesitter based highlight groups.
• {extmarks} (`boolean|"all"`, default: true) Include
extmarks. When `all`, then extmarks without a `hl_group`
will also be included.
• {semantic_tokens} (`boolean`, default: true) Include
semantic token highlights.
*vim.Ringbuf*
Fields: ~
• {clear} (`fun()`) See |Ringbuf:clear()|.
• {push} (`fun(item: T)`) See |Ringbuf:push()|.
• {pop} (`fun(): T?`) See |Ringbuf:pop()|.
• {peek} (`fun(): T?`) See |Ringbuf:peek()|.
Ringbuf:clear() *Ringbuf:clear()*
Clear all items
Ringbuf:peek() *Ringbuf:peek()*
Returns the first unread item without removing it
Return: ~
(`any?`)
Ringbuf:pop() *Ringbuf:pop()*
Removes and returns the first unread item
Return: ~
(`any?`)
Ringbuf:push({item}) *Ringbuf:push()*
Adds an item, overriding the oldest item if the buffer is full.
Parameters: ~
• {item} (`any`)
vim.deep_equal({a}, {b}) *vim.deep_equal()*
Deep compare values for equality
Tables are compared recursively unless they both provide the `eq`
metamethod. All other types are compared using the equality `==` operator.
Parameters: ~
• {a} (`any`) First value
• {b} (`any`) Second value
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if values are equals, else `false`
vim.deepcopy({orig}, {noref}) *vim.deepcopy()*
Returns a deep copy of the given object. Non-table objects are copied as
in a typical Lua assignment, whereas table objects are copied recursively.
Functions are naively copied, so functions in the copied table point to
the same functions as those in the input table. Userdata and threads are
not copied and will throw an error.
Note: `noref=true` is much more performant on tables with unique table
fields, while `noref=false` is more performant on tables that reuse table
fields.
Parameters: ~
• {orig} (`table`) Table to copy
• {noref} (`boolean?`) When `false` (default) a contained table is only
copied once and all references point to this single copy.
When `true` every occurrence of a table results in a new
copy. This also means that a cyclic reference can cause
`deepcopy()` to fail.
Return: ~
(`table`) Table of copied keys and (nested) values.
vim.defaulttable({createfn}) *vim.defaulttable()*
Creates a table whose missing keys are provided by {createfn} (like
Python's "defaultdict").
If {createfn} is `nil` it defaults to defaulttable() itself, so accessing
nested keys creates nested tables: >lua
local a = vim.defaulttable()
a.b.c = 1
<
Parameters: ~
• {createfn} (`fun(key:any):any?`) Provides the value for a missing
`key`.
Return: ~
(`table`) Empty table with `__index` metamethod.
vim.endswith({s}, {suffix}) *vim.endswith()*
Tests if `s` ends with `suffix`.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String
• {suffix} (`string`) Suffix to match
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `suffix` is a suffix of `s`
vim.gsplit({s}, {sep}, {opts}) *vim.gsplit()*
Gets an |iterator| that splits a string at each instance of a separator,
in "lazy" fashion (as opposed to |vim.split()| which is "eager").
Example: >lua
for s in vim.gsplit(':aa::b:', ':', {plain=true}) do
print(s)
end
<
If you want to also inspect the separator itself (instead of discarding
it), use |string.gmatch()|. Example: >lua
for word, num in ('foo111bar222'):gmatch('([^0-9]*)(%d*)') do
print(('word: %s num: %s'):format(word, num))
end
<
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String to split
• {sep} (`string`) Separator or pattern
• {opts} (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
• {plain}? (`boolean`) Use `sep` literally (as in
string.find).
• {trimempty}? (`boolean`) Discard empty segments at start and
end of the sequence.
Return: ~
(`fun():string?`) Iterator over the split components
See also: ~
• |string.gmatch()|
• |vim.split()|
• |lua-patterns|
• https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html
• http://lua-users.org/wiki/StringLibraryTutorial
vim.is_callable({f}) *vim.is_callable()*
Returns true if object `f` can be called as a function.
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`any`) Any object
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `f` is callable, else `false`
vim.isarray({t}) *vim.isarray()*
Tests if `t` is an "array": a table indexed only by integers (potentially
non-contiguous).
If the indexes start from 1 and are contiguous then the array is also a
list. |vim.islist()|
Empty table `{}` is an array, unless it was created by |vim.empty_dict()|
or returned as a dict-like |API| or Vimscript result, for example from
|rpcrequest()| or |vim.fn|.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table?`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if array-like table, else `false`.
See also: ~
• https://github.com/openresty/luajit2#tableisarray
vim.islist({t}) *vim.islist()*
Tests if `t` is a "list": a table indexed only by contiguous integers
starting from 1 (what |lua-length| calls a "regular array").
Empty table `{}` is a list, unless it was created by |vim.empty_dict()| or
returned as a dict-like |API| or Vimscript result, for example from
|rpcrequest()| or |vim.fn|.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table?`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if list-like table, else `false`.
See also: ~
• |vim.isarray()|
vim.list_contains({t}, {value}) *vim.list_contains()*
Checks if a list-like table (integer keys without gaps) contains `value`.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table to check (must be list-like, not validated)
• {value} (`any`) Value to compare
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `t` contains `value`
See also: ~
• |vim.tbl_contains()| for checking values in general tables
vim.list_extend({dst}, {src}, {start}, {finish}) *vim.list_extend()*
Extends a list-like table with the values of another list-like table.
NOTE: This mutates dst!
Parameters: ~
• {dst} (`table`) List which will be modified and appended to
• {src} (`table`) List from which values will be inserted
• {start} (`integer?`) Start index on src. Defaults to 1
• {finish} (`integer?`) Final index on src. Defaults to `#src`
Return: ~
(`table`) dst
See also: ~
• |vim.tbl_extend()|
vim.list_slice({list}, {start}, {finish}) *vim.list_slice()*
Creates a copy of a table containing only elements from start to end
(inclusive)
Parameters: ~
• {list} (`any[]`) Table
• {start} (`integer?`) Start range of slice
• {finish} (`integer?`) End range of slice
Return: ~
(`any[]`) Copy of table sliced from start to finish (inclusive)
vim.pesc({s}) *vim.pesc()*
Escapes magic chars in |lua-patterns|.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String to escape
Return: ~
(`string`) %-escaped pattern string
See also: ~
• https://github.com/rxi/lume
vim.ringbuf({size}) *vim.ringbuf()*
Create a ring buffer limited to a maximal number of items. Once the buffer
is full, adding a new entry overrides the oldest entry. >lua
local ringbuf = vim.ringbuf(4)
ringbuf:push("a")
ringbuf:push("b")
ringbuf:push("c")
ringbuf:push("d")
ringbuf:push("e") -- overrides "a"
print(ringbuf:pop()) -- returns "b"
print(ringbuf:pop()) -- returns "c"
-- Can be used as iterator. Pops remaining items:
for val in ringbuf do
print(val)
end
<
Returns a Ringbuf instance with the following methods:
• |Ringbuf:push()|
• |Ringbuf:pop()|
• |Ringbuf:peek()|
• |Ringbuf:clear()|
Parameters: ~
• {size} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`vim.Ringbuf`) ringbuf See |vim.Ringbuf|.
vim.spairs({t}) *vim.spairs()*
Enumerates key-value pairs of a table, ordered by key.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Dict-like table
Return (multiple): ~
(`fun(table: table<K, V>, index?: K):K, V`) |for-in| iterator over
sorted keys and their values
(`table`)
See also: ~
• Based on
https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
vim.split({s}, {sep}, {opts}) *vim.split()*
Splits a string at each instance of a separator and returns the result as
a table (unlike |vim.gsplit()|).
Examples: >lua
split(":aa::b:", ":") --> {'','aa','','b',''}
split("axaby", "ab?") --> {'','x','y'}
split("x*yz*o", "*", {plain=true}) --> {'x','yz','o'}
split("|x|y|z|", "|", {trimempty=true}) --> {'x', 'y', 'z'}
<
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String to split
• {sep} (`string`) Separator or pattern
• {opts} (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
• {plain}? (`boolean`) Use `sep` literally (as in
string.find).
• {trimempty}? (`boolean`) Discard empty segments at start and
end of the sequence.
Return: ~
(`string[]`) List of split components
See also: ~
• |vim.gsplit()|
• |string.gmatch()|
vim.startswith({s}, {prefix}) *vim.startswith()*
Tests if `s` starts with `prefix`.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String
• {prefix} (`string`) Prefix to match
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `prefix` is a prefix of `s`
vim.tbl_contains({t}, {value}, {opts}) *vim.tbl_contains()*
Checks if a table contains a given value, specified either directly or via
a predicate that is checked for each value.
Example: >lua
vim.tbl_contains({ 'a', { 'b', 'c' } }, function(v)
return vim.deep_equal(v, { 'b', 'c' })
end, { predicate = true })
-- true
<
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table to check
• {value} (`any`) Value to compare or predicate function reference
• {opts} (`table?`) Keyword arguments |kwargs|:
• {predicate}? (`boolean`) `value` is a function reference to
be checked (default false)
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `t` contains `value`
See also: ~
• |vim.list_contains()| for checking values in list-like tables
vim.tbl_count({t}) *vim.tbl_count()*
Counts the number of non-nil values in table `t`. >lua
vim.tbl_count({ a=1, b=2 }) --> 2
vim.tbl_count({ 1, 2 }) --> 2
<
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table
Return: ~
(`integer`) Number of non-nil values in table
See also: ~
• https://github.com/Tieske/Penlight/blob/master/lua/pl/tablex.lua
vim.tbl_deep_extend({behavior}, {...}) *vim.tbl_deep_extend()*
Merges recursively two or more tables.
Only values that are empty tables or tables that are not |lua-list|s
(indexed by consecutive integers starting from 1) are merged recursively.
This is useful for merging nested tables like default and user
configurations where lists should be treated as literals (i.e., are
overwritten instead of merged).
Parameters: ~
• {behavior} (`'error'|'keep'|'force'`) Decides what to do if a key is
found in more than one map:
• "error": raise an error
• "keep": use value from the leftmost map
• "force": use value from the rightmost map
• {...} (`table`) Two or more tables
Return: ~
(`table`) Merged table
See also: ~
• |vim.tbl_extend()|
vim.tbl_extend({behavior}, {...}) *vim.tbl_extend()*
Merges two or more tables.
Parameters: ~
• {behavior} (`'error'|'keep'|'force'`) Decides what to do if a key is
found in more than one map:
• "error": raise an error
• "keep": use value from the leftmost map
• "force": use value from the rightmost map
• {...} (`table`) Two or more tables
Return: ~
(`table`) Merged table
See also: ~
• |extend()|
vim.tbl_filter({func}, {t}) *vim.tbl_filter()*
Filter a table using a predicate function
Parameters: ~
• {func} (`function`) Function
• {t} (`table`) Table
Return: ~
(`any[]`) Table of filtered values
vim.tbl_get({o}, {...}) *vim.tbl_get()*
Index into a table (first argument) via string keys passed as subsequent
arguments. Return `nil` if the key does not exist.
Examples: >lua
vim.tbl_get({ key = { nested_key = true }}, 'key', 'nested_key') == true
vim.tbl_get({ key = {}}, 'key', 'nested_key') == nil
<
Parameters: ~
• {o} (`table`) Table to index
• {...} (`any`) Optional keys (0 or more, variadic) via which to index
the table
Return: ~
(`any`) Nested value indexed by key (if it exists), else nil
vim.tbl_isempty({t}) *vim.tbl_isempty()*
Checks if a table is empty.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table to check
Return: ~
(`boolean`) `true` if `t` is empty
See also: ~
• https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
vim.tbl_keys({t}) *vim.tbl_keys()*
Return a list of all keys used in a table. However, the order of the
return table of keys is not guaranteed.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table
Return: ~
(`any[]`) List of keys
See also: ~
• From
https://github.com/premake/premake-core/blob/master/src/base/table.lua
vim.tbl_map({func}, {t}) *vim.tbl_map()*
Apply a function to all values of a table.
Parameters: ~
• {func} (`fun(value: T): any`) Function
• {t} (`table<any, T>`) Table
Return: ~
(`table`) Table of transformed values
vim.tbl_values({t}) *vim.tbl_values()*
Return a list of all values used in a table. However, the order of the
return table of values is not guaranteed.
Parameters: ~
• {t} (`table`) Table
Return: ~
(`any[]`) List of values
vim.trim({s}) *vim.trim()*
Trim whitespace (Lua pattern "%s") from both sides of a string.
Parameters: ~
• {s} (`string`) String to trim
Return: ~
(`string`) String with whitespace removed from its beginning and end
See also: ~
• |lua-patterns|
• https://www.lua.org/pil/20.2.html
*vim.validate()*
vim.validate({name}, {value}, {validator}, {optional}, {message})
Validate function arguments.
This function has two valid forms:
1. `vim.validate(name, value, validator[, optional][, message])`
Validates that argument {name} with value {value} satisfies
{validator}. If {optional} is given and is `true`, then {value} may be
`nil`. If {message} is given, then it is used as the expected type in
the error message.
Example: >lua
function vim.startswith(s, prefix)
vim.validate('s', s, 'string')
vim.validate('prefix', prefix, 'string')
...
end
<
2. `vim.validate(spec)` (deprecated) where `spec` is of type
`table<string,[value:any, validator: vim.validate.Validator, optional_or_msg? : boolean|string]>)`
Validates a argument specification. Specs are evaluated in alphanumeric
order, until the first failure.
Example: >lua
function user.new(name, age, hobbies)
vim.validate{
name={name, 'string'},
age={age, 'number'},
hobbies={hobbies, 'table'},
}
...
end
<
Examples with explicit argument values (can be run directly): >lua
vim.validate('arg1', {'foo'}, 'table')
--> NOP (success)
vim.validate('arg2', 'foo', 'string')
--> NOP (success)
vim.validate('arg1', 1, 'table')
--> error('arg1: expected table, got number')
vim.validate('arg1', 3, function(a) return (a % 2) == 0 end, 'even number')
--> error('arg1: expected even number, got 3')
<
If multiple types are valid they can be given as a list. >lua
vim.validate('arg1', {'foo'}, {'table', 'string'})
vim.validate('arg2', 'foo', {'table', 'string'})
-- NOP (success)
vim.validate('arg1', 1, {'string', 'table'})
-- error('arg1: expected string|table, got number')
<
Note: ~
• `validator` set to a value returned by |lua-type()| provides the best
performance.
Parameters: ~
• {name} (`string`) Argument name
• {value} (`string`) Argument value
• {validator} (`vim.validate.Validator`)
• (`string|string[]`): Any value that can be returned
from |lua-type()| in addition to `'callable'`:
`'boolean'`, `'callable'`, `'function'`, `'nil'`,
`'number'`, `'string'`, `'table'`, `'thread'`,
`'userdata'`.
• (`fun(val:any): boolean, string?`) A function that
returns a boolean and an optional string message.
• {optional} (`boolean?`) Argument is optional (may be omitted)
• {message} (`string?`) message when validation fails
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.loader *vim.loader*
vim.loader.enable({enable}) *vim.loader.enable()*
WARNING: This feature is experimental/unstable.
Enables or disables the experimental Lua module loader:
Enable (`enable=true`):
• overrides |loadfile()|
• adds the Lua loader using the byte-compilation cache
• adds the libs loader
• removes the default Nvim loader
Disable (`enable=false`):
• removes the loaders
• adds the default Nvim loader
Parameters: ~
• {enable} (`boolean?`) true/nil to enable, false to disable
vim.loader.find({modname}, {opts}) *vim.loader.find()*
WARNING: This feature is experimental/unstable.
Finds Lua modules for the given module name.
Parameters: ~
• {modname} (`string`) Module name, or `"*"` to find the top-level
modules instead
• {opts} (`table?`) Options for finding a module:
• {rtp}? (`boolean`, default: `true`) Search for modname in
the runtime path.
• {paths}? (`string[]`, default: `{}`) Extra paths to
search for modname
• {patterns}? (`string[]`, default:
`{"/init.lua", ".lua"}`) List of patterns to use when
searching for modules. A pattern is a string added to the
basename of the Lua module being searched.
• {all}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Search for all
matches.
Return: ~
(`table[]`) A list of objects with the following fields:
• {modpath} (`string`) Path of the module
• {modname} (`string`) Name of the module
• {stat}? (`uv.fs_stat.result`) The fs_stat of the module path. Won't
be returned for `modname="*"`
vim.loader.reset({path}) *vim.loader.reset()*
WARNING: This feature is experimental/unstable.
Resets the cache for the path, or all the paths if path is nil.
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string?`) path to reset
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.uri *vim.uri*
vim.uri_decode({str}) *vim.uri_decode()*
URI-decodes a string containing percent escapes.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) string to decode
Return: ~
(`string`) decoded string
vim.uri_encode({str}, {rfc}) *vim.uri_encode()*
URI-encodes a string using percent escapes.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) string to encode
• {rfc} (`"rfc2396"|"rfc2732"|"rfc3986"?`)
Return: ~
(`string`) encoded string
vim.uri_from_bufnr({bufnr}) *vim.uri_from_bufnr()*
Gets a URI from a bufnr.
Parameters: ~
• {bufnr} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`string`) URI
vim.uri_from_fname({path}) *vim.uri_from_fname()*
Gets a URI from a file path.
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) Path to file
Return: ~
(`string`) URI
vim.uri_to_bufnr({uri}) *vim.uri_to_bufnr()*
Gets the buffer for a uri. Creates a new unloaded buffer if no buffer for
the uri already exists.
Parameters: ~
• {uri} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`integer`) bufnr
vim.uri_to_fname({uri}) *vim.uri_to_fname()*
Gets a filename from a URI.
Parameters: ~
• {uri} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`string`) filename or unchanged URI for non-file URIs
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.ui *vim.ui*
vim.ui.input({opts}, {on_confirm}) *vim.ui.input()*
Prompts the user for input, allowing arbitrary (potentially asynchronous)
work until `on_confirm`.
Example: >lua
vim.ui.input({ prompt = 'Enter value for shiftwidth: ' }, function(input)
vim.o.shiftwidth = tonumber(input)
end)
<
Parameters: ~
• {opts} (`table?`) Additional options. See |input()|
• prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt
• default (string|nil) Default reply to the input
• completion (string|nil) Specifies type of completion
supported for input. Supported types are the same that
can be supplied to a user-defined command using the
"-complete=" argument. See |:command-completion|
• highlight (function) Function that will be used for
highlighting user inputs.
• {on_confirm} (`function`) ((input|nil) -> ()) Called once the user
confirms or abort the input. `input` is what the user
typed (it might be an empty string if nothing was
entered), or `nil` if the user aborted the dialog.
vim.ui.open({path}, {opt}) *vim.ui.open()*
Opens `path` with the system default handler (macOS `open`, Windows
`explorer.exe`, Linux `xdg-open`, …), or returns (but does not show) an
error message on failure.
Expands "~/" and environment variables in filesystem paths.
Examples: >lua
-- Asynchronous.
vim.ui.open("https://neovim.io/")
vim.ui.open("~/path/to/file")
-- Use the "osurl" command to handle the path or URL.
vim.ui.open("gh#neovim/neovim!29490", { cmd = { 'osurl' } })
-- Synchronous (wait until the process exits).
local cmd, err = vim.ui.open("$VIMRUNTIME")
if cmd then
cmd:wait()
end
<
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) Path or URL to open
• {opt} (`{ cmd?: string[] }?`) Options
• cmd string[]|nil Command used to open the path or URL.
Return (multiple): ~
(`vim.SystemObj?`) Command object, or nil if not found.
(`string?`) Error message on failure, or nil on success.
See also: ~
• |vim.system()|
vim.ui.select({items}, {opts}, {on_choice}) *vim.ui.select()*
Prompts the user to pick from a list of items, allowing arbitrary
(potentially asynchronous) work until `on_choice`.
Example: >lua
vim.ui.select({ 'tabs', 'spaces' }, {
prompt = 'Select tabs or spaces:',
format_item = function(item)
return "I'd like to choose " .. item
end,
}, function(choice)
if choice == 'spaces' then
vim.o.expandtab = true
else
vim.o.expandtab = false
end
end)
<
Parameters: ~
• {items} (`any[]`) Arbitrary items
• {opts} (`table`) Additional options
• prompt (string|nil) Text of the prompt. Defaults to
`Select one of:`
• format_item (function item -> text) Function to format
an individual item from `items`. Defaults to
`tostring`.
• kind (string|nil) Arbitrary hint string indicating the
item shape. Plugins reimplementing `vim.ui.select` may
wish to use this to infer the structure or semantics of
`items`, or the context in which select() was called.
• {on_choice} (`fun(item: T?, idx: integer?)`) Called once the user
made a choice. `idx` is the 1-based index of `item`
within `items`. `nil` if the user aborted the dialog.
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.filetype *vim.filetype*
vim.filetype.add({filetypes}) *vim.filetype.add()*
Add new filetype mappings.
Filetype mappings can be added either by extension or by filename (either
the "tail" or the full file path). The full file path is checked first,
followed by the file name. If a match is not found using the filename,
then the filename is matched against the list of |lua-patterns| (sorted by
priority) until a match is found. Lastly, if pattern matching does not
find a filetype, then the file extension is used.
The filetype can be either a string (in which case it is used as the
filetype directly) or a function. If a function, it takes the full path
and buffer number of the file as arguments (along with captures from the
matched pattern, if any) and should return a string that will be used as
the buffer's filetype. Optionally, the function can return a second
function value which, when called, modifies the state of the buffer. This
can be used to, for example, set filetype-specific buffer variables. This
function will be called by Nvim before setting the buffer's filetype.
Filename patterns can specify an optional priority to resolve cases when a
file path matches multiple patterns. Higher priorities are matched first.
When omitted, the priority defaults to 0. A pattern can contain
environment variables of the form "${SOME_VAR}" that will be automatically
expanded. If the environment variable is not set, the pattern won't be
matched.
See $VIMRUNTIME/lua/vim/filetype.lua for more examples.
Example: >lua
vim.filetype.add({
extension = {
foo = 'fooscript',
bar = function(path, bufnr)
if some_condition() then
return 'barscript', function(bufnr)
-- Set a buffer variable
vim.b[bufnr].barscript_version = 2
end
end
return 'bar'
end,
},
filename = {
['.foorc'] = 'toml',
['/etc/foo/config'] = 'toml',
},
pattern = {
['.*/etc/foo/.*'] = 'fooscript',
-- Using an optional priority
['.*/etc/foo/.*%.conf'] = { 'dosini', { priority = 10 } },
-- A pattern containing an environment variable
['${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/foo/git'] = 'git',
['.*README.(%a+)'] = function(path, bufnr, ext)
if ext == 'md' then
return 'markdown'
elseif ext == 'rst' then
return 'rst'
end
end,
},
})
<
To add a fallback match on contents, use >lua
vim.filetype.add {
pattern = {
['.*'] = {
function(path, bufnr)
local content = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(bufnr, 0, 1, false)[1] or ''
if vim.regex([[^#!.*\\<mine\\>]]):match_str(content) ~= nil then
return 'mine'
elseif vim.regex([[\\<drawing\\>]]):match_str(content) ~= nil then
return 'drawing'
end
end,
{ priority = -math.huge },
},
},
}
<
Parameters: ~
• {filetypes} (`table`) A table containing new filetype maps (see
example).
• {pattern}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)
• {extension}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)
• {filename}? (`vim.filetype.mapping`)
*vim.filetype.get_option()*
vim.filetype.get_option({filetype}, {option})
Get the default option value for a {filetype}.
The returned value is what would be set in a new buffer after 'filetype'
is set, meaning it should respect all FileType autocmds and ftplugin
files.
Example: >lua
vim.filetype.get_option('vim', 'commentstring')
<
Note: this uses |nvim_get_option_value()| but caches the result. This
means |ftplugin| and |FileType| autocommands are only triggered once and
may not reflect later changes.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {filetype} (`string`) Filetype
• {option} (`string`) Option name
Return: ~
(`string|boolean|integer`) Option value
vim.filetype.match({args}) *vim.filetype.match()*
Perform filetype detection.
The filetype can be detected using one of three methods:
1. Using an existing buffer
2. Using only a file name
3. Using only file contents
Of these, option 1 provides the most accurate result as it uses both the
buffer's filename and (optionally) the buffer contents. Options 2 and 3
can be used without an existing buffer, but may not always provide a match
in cases where the filename (or contents) cannot unambiguously determine
the filetype.
Each of the three options is specified using a key to the single argument
of this function. Example: >lua
-- Using a buffer number
vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42 })
-- Override the filename of the given buffer
vim.filetype.match({ buf = 42, filename = 'foo.c' })
-- Using a filename without a buffer
vim.filetype.match({ filename = 'main.lua' })
-- Using file contents
vim.filetype.match({ contents = {'#!/usr/bin/env bash'} })
<
Parameters: ~
• {args} (`table`) Table specifying which matching strategy to use.
Accepted keys are:
• {buf}? (`integer`) Buffer number to use for matching.
Mutually exclusive with {contents}
• {filename}? (`string`) Filename to use for matching. When
{buf} is given, defaults to the filename of the given buffer
number. The file need not actually exist in the filesystem.
When used without {buf} only the name of the file is used
for filetype matching. This may result in failure to detect
the filetype in cases where the filename alone is not enough
to disambiguate the filetype.
• {contents}? (`string[]`) An array of lines representing file
contents to use for matching. Can be used with {filename}.
Mutually exclusive with {buf}.
Return (multiple): ~
(`string?`) If a match was found, the matched filetype.
(`function?`) A function that modifies buffer state when called (for
example, to set some filetype specific buffer variables). The function
accepts a buffer number as its only argument.
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.keymap *vim.keymap*
vim.keymap.del({modes}, {lhs}, {opts}) *vim.keymap.del()*
Remove an existing mapping. Examples: >lua
vim.keymap.del('n', 'lhs')
vim.keymap.del({'n', 'i', 'v'}, '<leader>w', { buffer = 5 })
<
Parameters: ~
• {modes} (`string|string[]`)
• {lhs} (`string`)
• {opts} (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {buffer}? (`integer|boolean`) Remove a mapping from the
given buffer. When `0` or `true`, use the current buffer.
See also: ~
• |vim.keymap.set()|
vim.keymap.set({mode}, {lhs}, {rhs}, {opts}) *vim.keymap.set()*
Defines a |mapping| of |keycodes| to a function or keycodes.
Examples: >lua
-- Map "x" to a Lua function:
vim.keymap.set('n', 'x', function() print("real lua function") end)
-- Map "<leader>x" to multiple modes for the current buffer:
vim.keymap.set({'n', 'v'}, '<leader>x', vim.lsp.buf.references, { buffer = true })
-- Map <Tab> to an expression (|:map-<expr>|):
vim.keymap.set('i', '<Tab>', function()
return vim.fn.pumvisible() == 1 and "<C-n>" or "<Tab>"
end, { expr = true })
-- Map "[%%" to a <Plug> mapping:
vim.keymap.set('n', '[%%', '<Plug>(MatchitNormalMultiBackward)')
<
Parameters: ~
• {mode} (`string|string[]`) Mode "short-name" (see
|nvim_set_keymap()|), or a list thereof.
• {lhs} (`string`) Left-hand side |{lhs}| of the mapping.
• {rhs} (`string|function`) Right-hand side |{rhs}| of the mapping,
can be a Lua function.
• {opts} (`table?`) Table of |:map-arguments|. Same as
|nvim_set_keymap()| {opts}, except:
• {replace_keycodes} defaults to `true` if "expr" is `true`.
Also accepts:
• {buffer}? (`integer|boolean`) Creates buffer-local mapping,
`0` or `true` for current buffer.
• {remap}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Make the mapping
recursive. Inverse of {noremap}.
See also: ~
• |nvim_set_keymap()|
• |maparg()|
• |mapcheck()|
• |mapset()|
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.fs *vim.fs*
*vim.fs.exists()*
Use |uv.fs_stat()| to check a file's type, and whether it exists.
Example: >lua
if vim.uv.fs_stat(file) then
vim.print("file exists")
end
<
vim.fs.basename({file}) *vim.fs.basename()*
Return the basename of the given path
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {file} (`string?`) Path
Return: ~
(`string?`) Basename of {file}
vim.fs.dir({path}, {opts}) *vim.fs.dir()*
Return an iterator over the items located in {path}
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) An absolute or relative path to the directory to
iterate over. The path is first normalized
|vim.fs.normalize()|.
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional keyword arguments:
• depth: integer|nil How deep the traverse (default 1)
• skip: (fun(dir_name: string): boolean)|nil Predicate to
control traversal. Return false to stop searching the
current directory. Only useful when depth > 1
Return: ~
(`Iterator`) over items in {path}. Each iteration yields two values:
"name" and "type". "name" is the basename of the item relative to
{path}. "type" is one of the following: "file", "directory", "link",
"fifo", "socket", "char", "block", "unknown".
vim.fs.dirname({file}) *vim.fs.dirname()*
Return the parent directory of the given path
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {file} (`string?`) Path
Return: ~
(`string?`) Parent directory of {file}
vim.fs.find({names}, {opts}) *vim.fs.find()*
Find files or directories (or other items as specified by `opts.type`) in
the given path.
Finds items given in {names} starting from {path}. If {upward} is "true"
then the search traverses upward through parent directories; otherwise,
the search traverses downward. Note that downward searches are recursive
and may search through many directories! If {stop} is non-nil, then the
search stops when the directory given in {stop} is reached. The search
terminates when {limit} (default 1) matches are found. You can set {type}
to "file", "directory", "link", "socket", "char", "block", or "fifo" to
narrow the search to find only that type.
Examples: >lua
-- list all test directories under the runtime directory
local test_dirs = vim.fs.find(
{'test', 'tst', 'testdir'},
{limit = math.huge, type = 'directory', path = './runtime/'}
)
-- get all files ending with .cpp or .hpp inside lib/
local cpp_hpp = vim.fs.find(function(name, path)
return name:match('.*%.[ch]pp$') and path:match('[/\\\\]lib$')
end, {limit = math.huge, type = 'file'})
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {names} (`string|string[]|fun(name: string, path: string): boolean`)
Names of the items to find. Must be base names, paths and
globs are not supported when {names} is a string or a table.
If {names} is a function, it is called for each traversed
item with args:
• name: base name of the current item
• path: full path of the current item The function should
return `true` if the given item is considered a match.
• {opts} (`table`) Optional keyword arguments:
• {path}? (`string`) Path to begin searching from. If
omitted, the |current-directory| is used.
• {upward}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Search upward
through parent directories. Otherwise, search through child
directories (recursively).
• {stop}? (`string`) Stop searching when this directory is
reached. The directory itself is not searched.
• {type}? (`string`) Find only items of the given type. If
omitted, all items that match {names} are included.
• {limit}? (`number`, default: `1`) Stop the search after
finding this many matches. Use `math.huge` to place no
limit on the number of matches.
Return: ~
(`string[]`) Normalized paths |vim.fs.normalize()| of all matching
items
vim.fs.joinpath({...}) *vim.fs.joinpath()*
Concatenate directories and/or file paths into a single path with
normalization (e.g., `"foo/"` and `"bar"` get joined to `"foo/bar"`)
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.10.0
Parameters: ~
• {...} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`string`)
vim.fs.normalize({path}, {opts}) *vim.fs.normalize()*
Normalize a path to a standard format. A tilde (~) character at the
beginning of the path is expanded to the user's home directory and
environment variables are also expanded. "." and ".." components are also
resolved, except when the path is relative and trying to resolve it would
result in an absolute path.
• "." as the only part in a relative path:
• "." => "."
• "././" => "."
• ".." when it leads outside the current directory
• "foo/../../bar" => "../bar"
• "../../foo" => "../../foo"
• ".." in the root directory returns the root directory.
• "/../../" => "/"
On Windows, backslash (\) characters are converted to forward slashes (/).
Examples: >lua
[[C:\Users\jdoe]] => "C:/Users/jdoe"
"~/src/neovim" => "/home/jdoe/src/neovim"
"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nvim/init.vim" => "/Users/jdoe/.config/nvim/init.vim"
"~/src/nvim/api/../tui/./tui.c" => "/home/jdoe/src/nvim/tui/tui.c"
"./foo/bar" => "foo/bar"
"foo/../../../bar" => "../../bar"
"/home/jdoe/../../../bar" => "/bar"
"C:foo/../../baz" => "C:../baz"
"C:/foo/../../baz" => "C:/baz"
[[\\?\UNC\server\share\foo\..\..\..\bar]] => "//?/UNC/server/share/bar"
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) Path to normalize
• {opts} (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {expand_env}? (`boolean`, default: `true`) Expand
environment variables.
• {win}? (`boolean`, default: `true` in Windows, `false`
otherwise) Path is a Windows path.
Return: ~
(`string`) Normalized path
vim.fs.parents({start}) *vim.fs.parents()*
Iterate over all the parents of the given path.
Example: >lua
local root_dir
for dir in vim.fs.parents(vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(0)) do
if vim.fn.isdirectory(dir .. "/.git") == 1 then
root_dir = dir
break
end
end
if root_dir then
print("Found git repository at", root_dir)
end
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.8.0
Parameters: ~
• {start} (`string`) Initial path.
Return (multiple): ~
(`fun(_, dir: string): string?`) Iterator
(`nil`)
(`string?`)
vim.fs.rm({path}, {opts}) *vim.fs.rm()*
WARNING: This feature is experimental/unstable.
Remove files or directories
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) Path to remove
• {opts} (`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {recursive}? (`boolean`) Remove directories and their
contents recursively
• {force}? (`boolean`) Ignore nonexistent files and arguments
vim.fs.root({source}, {marker}) *vim.fs.root()*
Find the first parent directory containing a specific "marker", relative
to a file path or buffer.
If the buffer is unnamed (has no backing file) or has a non-empty
'buftype' then the search begins from Nvim's |current-directory|.
Example: >lua
-- Find the root of a Python project, starting from file 'main.py'
vim.fs.root(vim.fs.joinpath(vim.env.PWD, 'main.py'), {'pyproject.toml', 'setup.py' })
-- Find the root of a git repository
vim.fs.root(0, '.git')
-- Find the parent directory containing any file with a .csproj extension
vim.fs.root(0, function(name, path)
return name:match('%.csproj$') ~= nil
end)
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.10.0
Parameters: ~
• {source} (`integer|string`) Buffer number (0 for current buffer) or
file path (absolute or relative to the |current-directory|)
to begin the search from.
• {marker} (`string|string[]|fun(name: string, path: string): boolean`)
A marker, or list of markers, to search for. If a function,
the function is called for each evaluated item and should
return true if {name} and {path} are a match.
Return: ~
(`string?`) Directory path containing one of the given markers, or nil
if no directory was found.
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.glob *vim.glob*
vim.glob.to_lpeg({pattern}) *vim.glob.to_lpeg()*
Parses a raw glob into an |lua-lpeg| pattern.
This uses glob semantics from LSP 3.17.0:
https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specifications/lsp/3.17/specification/#pattern
Glob patterns can have the following syntax:
• `*` to match one or more characters in a path segment
• `?` to match on one character in a path segment
• `**` to match any number of path segments, including none
• `{}` to group conditions (e.g. `*.{ts,js}` matches TypeScript and
JavaScript files)
• `[]` to declare a range of characters to match in a path segment (e.g.,
`example.[0-9]` to match on `example.0`, `example.1`, …)
• `[!...]` to negate a range of characters to match in a path segment
(e.g., `example.[!0-9]` to match on `example.a`, `example.b`, but not
`example.0`)
Parameters: ~
• {pattern} (`string`) The raw glob pattern
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`) pattern An |lua-lpeg| representation of the
pattern
==============================================================================
VIM.LPEG *vim.lpeg*
LPeg is a pattern-matching library for Lua, based on Parsing Expression
Grammars (PEGs). https://bford.info/packrat/
*lua-lpeg* *vim.lpeg.Pattern*
The LPeg library for parsing expression grammars is included as `vim.lpeg`
(https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/).
In addition, its regex-like interface is available as |vim.re|
(https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/re.html).
Pattern:match({subject}, {init}, {...}) *Pattern:match()*
Matches the given `pattern` against the `subject` string. If the match
succeeds, returns the index in the subject of the first character after
the match, or the captured values (if the pattern captured any value). An
optional numeric argument `init` makes the match start at that position in
the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative value counts
from the end. Unlike typical pattern-matching functions, `match` works
only in anchored mode; that is, it tries to match the pattern with a
prefix of the given subject string (at position `init`), not with an
arbitrary substring of the subject. So, if we want to find a pattern
anywhere in a string, we must either write a loop in Lua or write a
pattern that matches anywhere.
Example: >lua
local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
assert(lpeg.match(pattern, 'hello') == 6)
assert(pattern:match('1 hello') == nil)
<
Parameters: ~
• {subject} (`string`)
• {init} (`integer?`)
• {...} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`any`) ...
vim.lpeg.B({pattern}) *vim.lpeg.B()*
Returns a pattern that matches only if the input string at the current
position is preceded by `patt`. Pattern `patt` must match only strings
with some fixed length, and it cannot contain captures. Like the `and`
predicate, this pattern never consumes any input, independently of success
or failure.
Parameters: ~
• {pattern} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.lpeg.C({patt}) *vim.lpeg.C()*
Creates a simple capture, which captures the substring of the subject that
matches `patt`. The captured value is a string. If `patt` has other
captures, their values are returned after this one.
Example: >lua
local function split (s, sep)
sep = lpeg.P(sep)
local elem = lpeg.C((1 - sep) ^ 0)
local p = elem * (sep * elem) ^ 0
return lpeg.match(p, s)
end
local a, b, c = split('a,b,c', ',')
assert(a == 'a')
assert(b == 'b')
assert(c == 'c')
<
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Carg({n}) *vim.lpeg.Carg()*
Creates an argument capture. This pattern matches the empty string and
produces the value given as the nth extra argument given in the call to
`lpeg.match`.
Parameters: ~
• {n} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cb({name}) *vim.lpeg.Cb()*
Creates a back capture. This pattern matches the empty string and produces
the values produced by the most recent group capture named `name` (where
`name` can be any Lua value). Most recent means the last complete
outermost group capture with the given name. A Complete capture means that
the entire pattern corresponding to the capture has matched. An Outermost
capture means that the capture is not inside another complete capture. In
the same way that LPeg does not specify when it evaluates captures, it
does not specify whether it reuses values previously produced by the group
or re-evaluates them.
Parameters: ~
• {name} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cc({...}) *vim.lpeg.Cc()*
Creates a constant capture. This pattern matches the empty string and
produces all given values as its captured values.
Parameters: ~
• {...} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cf({patt}, {func}) *vim.lpeg.Cf()*
Creates a fold capture. If `patt` produces a list of captures C1 C2 ...
Cn, this capture will produce the value
`func(...func(func(C1, C2), C3)...,Cn)`, that is, it will fold (or
accumulate, or reduce) the captures from `patt` using function `func`.
This capture assumes that `patt` should produce at least one capture with
at least one value (of any type), which becomes the initial value of an
accumulator. (If you need a specific initial value, you may prefix a
constant capture to `patt`.) For each subsequent capture, LPeg calls
`func` with this accumulator as the first argument and all values produced
by the capture as extra arguments; the first result from this call becomes
the new value for the accumulator. The final value of the accumulator
becomes the captured value.
Example: >lua
local number = lpeg.R('09') ^ 1 / tonumber
local list = number * (',' * number) ^ 0
local function add(acc, newvalue) return acc + newvalue end
local sum = lpeg.Cf(list, add)
assert(sum:match('10,30,43') == 83)
<
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
• {func} (`fun(acc, newvalue)`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cg({patt}, {name}) *vim.lpeg.Cg()*
Creates a group capture. It groups all values returned by `patt` into a
single capture. The group may be anonymous (if no name is given) or named
with the given name (which can be any non-nil Lua value).
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
• {name} (`string?`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cmt({patt}, {fn}) *vim.lpeg.Cmt()*
Creates a match-time capture. Unlike all other captures, this one is
evaluated immediately when a match occurs (even if it is part of a larger
pattern that fails later). It forces the immediate evaluation of all its
nested captures and then calls `function`. The given function gets as
arguments the entire subject, the current position (after the match of
`patt`), plus any capture values produced by `patt`. The first value
returned by `function` defines how the match happens. If the call returns
a number, the match succeeds and the returned number becomes the new
current position. (Assuming a subject sand current position `i`, the
returned number must be in the range `[i, len(s) + 1]`.) If the call
returns `true`, the match succeeds without consuming any input (so, to
return true is equivalent to return `i`). If the call returns `false`,
`nil`, or no value, the match fails. Any extra values returned by the
function become the values produced by the capture.
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
• {fn} (`fun(s: string, i: integer, ...: any)`) (position:
boolean|integer, ...: any)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cp() *vim.lpeg.Cp()*
Creates a position capture. It matches the empty string and captures the
position in the subject where the match occurs. The captured value is a
number.
Example: >lua
local I = lpeg.Cp()
local function anywhere(p) return lpeg.P({I * p * I + 1 * lpeg.V(1)}) end
local match_start, match_end = anywhere('world'):match('hello world!')
assert(match_start == 7)
assert(match_end == 12)
<
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Cs({patt}) *vim.lpeg.Cs()*
Creates a substitution capture. This function creates a substitution
capture, which captures the substring of the subject that matches `patt`,
with substitutions. For any capture inside `patt` with a value, the
substring that matched the capture is replaced by the capture value (which
should be a string). The final captured value is the string resulting from
all replacements.
Example: >lua
local function gsub (s, patt, repl)
patt = lpeg.P(patt)
patt = lpeg.Cs((patt / repl + 1) ^ 0)
return lpeg.match(patt, s)
end
assert(gsub('Hello, xxx!', 'xxx', 'World') == 'Hello, World!')
<
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.Ct({patt}) *vim.lpeg.Ct()*
Creates a table capture. This capture returns a table with all values from
all anonymous captures made by `patt` inside this table in successive
integer keys, starting at 1. Moreover, for each named capture group
created by `patt`, the first value of the group is put into the table with
the group name as its key. The captured value is only the table.
Parameters: ~
• {patt} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Capture`)
vim.lpeg.locale({tab}) *vim.lpeg.locale()*
Returns a table with patterns for matching some character classes
according to the current locale. The table has fields named `alnum`,
`alpha`, `cntrl`, `digit`, `graph`, `lower`, `print`, `punct`, `space`,
`upper`, and `xdigit`, each one containing a correspondent pattern. Each
pattern matches any single character that belongs to its class. If called
with an argument `table`, then it creates those fields inside the given
table and returns that table.
Example: >lua
lpeg.locale(lpeg)
local space = lpeg.space ^ 0
local name = lpeg.C(lpeg.alpha ^ 1) * space
local sep = lpeg.S(',;') * space
local pair = lpeg.Cg(name * '=' * space * name) * sep ^ -1
local list = lpeg.Cf(lpeg.Ct('') * pair ^ 0, rawset)
local t = list:match('a=b, c = hi; next = pi')
assert(t.a == 'b')
assert(t.c == 'hi')
assert(t.next == 'pi')
local locale = lpeg.locale()
assert(type(locale.digit) == 'userdata')
<
Parameters: ~
• {tab} (`table?`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Locale`)
vim.lpeg.match({pattern}, {subject}, {init}, {...}) *vim.lpeg.match()*
Matches the given `pattern` against the `subject` string. If the match
succeeds, returns the index in the subject of the first character after
the match, or the captured values (if the pattern captured any value). An
optional numeric argument `init` makes the match start at that position in
the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative value counts
from the end. Unlike typical pattern-matching functions, `match` works
only in anchored mode; that is, it tries to match the pattern with a
prefix of the given subject string (at position `init`), not with an
arbitrary substring of the subject. So, if we want to find a pattern
anywhere in a string, we must either write a loop in Lua or write a
pattern that matches anywhere.
Example: >lua
local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
assert(lpeg.match(pattern, 'hello') == 6)
assert(pattern:match('1 hello') == nil)
<
Parameters: ~
• {pattern} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
• {subject} (`string`)
• {init} (`integer?`)
• {...} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`any`) ...
vim.lpeg.P({value}) *vim.lpeg.P()*
Converts the given value into a proper pattern. The following rules are
applied:
• If the argument is a pattern, it is returned unmodified.
• If the argument is a string, it is translated to a pattern that matches
the string literally.
• If the argument is a non-negative number `n`, the result is a pattern
that matches exactly `n` characters.
• If the argument is a negative number `-n`, the result is a pattern that
succeeds only if the input string has less than `n` characters left:
`lpeg.P(-n)` is equivalent to `-lpeg.P(n)` (see the unary minus
operation).
• If the argument is a boolean, the result is a pattern that always
succeeds or always fails (according to the boolean value), without
consuming any input.
• If the argument is a table, it is interpreted as a grammar (see
Grammars).
• If the argument is a function, returns a pattern equivalent to a
match-time capture over the empty string.
Parameters: ~
• {value} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.lpeg.R({...}) *vim.lpeg.R()*
Returns a pattern that matches any single character belonging to one of
the given ranges. Each `range` is a string `xy` of length 2, representing
all characters with code between the codes of `x` and `y` (both
inclusive). As an example, the pattern `lpeg.R('09')` matches any digit,
and `lpeg.R('az', 'AZ')` matches any ASCII letter.
Example: >lua
local pattern = lpeg.R('az') ^ 1 * -1
assert(pattern:match('hello') == 6)
<
Parameters: ~
• {...} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.lpeg.S({string}) *vim.lpeg.S()*
Returns a pattern that matches any single character that appears in the
given string (the `S` stands for Set). As an example, the pattern
`lpeg.S('+-*/')` matches any arithmetic operator. Note that, if `s` is a
character (that is, a string of length 1), then `lpeg.P(s)` is equivalent
to `lpeg.S(s)` which is equivalent to `lpeg.R(s..s)`. Note also that both
`lpeg.S('')` and `lpeg.R()` are patterns that always fail.
Parameters: ~
• {string} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.lpeg.setmaxstack({max}) *vim.lpeg.setmaxstack()*
Sets a limit for the size of the backtrack stack used by LPeg to track
calls and choices. The default limit is `400`. Most well-written patterns
need little backtrack levels and therefore you seldom need to change this
limit; before changing it you should try to rewrite your pattern to avoid
the need for extra space. Nevertheless, a few useful patterns may
overflow. Also, with recursive grammars, subjects with deep recursion may
also need larger limits.
Parameters: ~
• {max} (`integer`)
vim.lpeg.type({value}) *vim.lpeg.type()*
Returns the string `"pattern"` if the given value is a pattern, otherwise
`nil`.
Parameters: ~
• {value} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string|integer|boolean|table|function`)
Return: ~
(`"pattern"?`)
vim.lpeg.V({v}) *vim.lpeg.V()*
Creates a non-terminal (a variable) for a grammar. This operation creates
a non-terminal (a variable) for a grammar. The created non-terminal refers
to the rule indexed by `v` in the enclosing grammar.
Example: >lua
local b = lpeg.P({'(' * ((1 - lpeg.S '()') + lpeg.V(1)) ^ 0 * ')'})
assert(b:match('((string))') == 11)
assert(b:match('(') == nil)
<
Parameters: ~
• {v} (`boolean|string|number|function|table|thread|userdata|lightuserdata`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.lpeg.version() *vim.lpeg.version()*
Returns a string with the running version of LPeg.
Return: ~
(`string`)
==============================================================================
VIM.RE *vim.re*
The `vim.re` module provides a conventional regex-like syntax for pattern
usage within LPeg |vim.lpeg|. (Unrelated to |vim.regex| which provides Vim
|regexp| from Lua.)
See https://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/lpeg/re.html for the original
documentation including regex syntax and examples.
vim.re.compile({string}, {defs}) *vim.re.compile()*
Compiles the given {string} and returns an equivalent LPeg pattern. The
given string may define either an expression or a grammar. The optional
{defs} table provides extra Lua values to be used by the pattern.
Parameters: ~
• {string} (`string`)
• {defs} (`table?`)
Return: ~
(`vim.lpeg.Pattern`)
vim.re.find({subject}, {pattern}, {init}) *vim.re.find()*
Searches the given {pattern} in the given {subject}. If it finds a match,
returns the index where this occurrence starts and the index where it
ends. Otherwise, returns nil.
An optional numeric argument {init} makes the search starts at that
position in the subject string. As usual in Lua libraries, a negative
value counts from the end.
Parameters: ~
• {subject} (`string`)
• {pattern} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
• {init} (`integer?`)
Return (multiple): ~
(`integer?`) the index where the occurrence starts, nil if no match
(`integer?`) the index where the occurrence ends, nil if no match
vim.re.gsub({subject}, {pattern}, {replacement}) *vim.re.gsub()*
Does a global substitution, replacing all occurrences of {pattern} in the
given {subject} by {replacement}.
Parameters: ~
• {subject} (`string`)
• {pattern} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
• {replacement} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`string`)
vim.re.match({subject}, {pattern}, {init}) *vim.re.match()*
Matches the given {pattern} against the given {subject}, returning all
captures.
Parameters: ~
• {subject} (`string`)
• {pattern} (`vim.lpeg.Pattern|string`)
• {init} (`integer?`)
Return: ~
(`integer|vim.lpeg.Capture?`)
See also: ~
• vim.lpeg.match()
vim.re.updatelocale() *vim.re.updatelocale()*
Updates the pre-defined character classes to the current locale.
==============================================================================
VIM.REGEX *vim.regex*
Vim regexes can be used directly from Lua. Currently they only allow matching
within a single line.
*regex:match_line()*
regex:match_line({bufnr}, {line_idx}, {start}, {end_})
Matches line at `line_idx` (zero-based) in buffer `bufnr`. Match is
restricted to byte index range `start` and `end_` if given, otherwise see
|regex:match_str()|. Returned byte indices are relative to `start` if
given.
Parameters: ~
• {bufnr} (`integer`)
• {line_idx} (`integer`)
• {start} (`integer?`)
• {end_} (`integer?`)
Return (multiple): ~
(`integer?`) match start (byte index) relative to `start`, or `nil` if
no match
(`integer?`) match end (byte index) relative to `start`, or `nil` if
no match
regex:match_str({str}) *regex:match_str()*
Matches string `str` against this regex. To match the string precisely,
surround the regex with "^" and "$". Returns the byte indices for the
start and end of the match, or `nil` if there is no match. Because any
integer is "truthy", `regex:match_str()` can be directly used as a
condition in an if-statement.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`)
Return (multiple): ~
(`integer?`) match start (byte index), or `nil` if no match
(`integer?`) match end (byte index), or `nil` if no match
vim.regex({re}) *vim.regex()*
Parses the Vim regex `re` and returns a regex object. Regexes are "magic"
and case-sensitive by default, regardless of 'magic' and 'ignorecase'.
They can be controlled with flags, see |/magic| and |/ignorecase|.
Parameters: ~
• {re} (`string`)
Return: ~
(`vim.regex`)
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.secure *vim.secure*
vim.secure.read({path}) *vim.secure.read()*
Attempt to read the file at {path} prompting the user if the file should
be trusted. The user's choice is persisted in a trust database at
$XDG_STATE_HOME/nvim/trust.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {path} (`string`) Path to a file to read.
Return: ~
(`string?`) The contents of the given file if it exists and is
trusted, or nil otherwise.
See also: ~
• |:trust|
vim.secure.trust({opts}) *vim.secure.trust()*
Manage the trust database.
The trust database is located at |$XDG_STATE_HOME|/nvim/trust.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {opts} (`table`) A table with the following fields:
• {action} (`'allow'|'deny'|'remove'`) - `'allow'` to add a
file to the trust database and trust it,
• `'deny'` to add a file to the trust database and deny it,
• `'remove'` to remove file from the trust database
• {path}? (`string`) Path to a file to update. Mutually
exclusive with {bufnr}. Cannot be used when {action} is
"allow".
• {bufnr}? (`integer`) Buffer number to update. Mutually
exclusive with {path}.
Return (multiple): ~
(`boolean`) success true if operation was successful
(`string`) msg full path if operation was successful, else error
message
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.version *vim.version*
The `vim.version` module provides functions for comparing versions and ranges
conforming to the https://semver.org spec. Plugins, and plugin managers, can
use this to check available tools and dependencies on the current system.
Example: >lua
local v = vim.version.parse(vim.fn.system({'tmux', '-V'}), {strict=false})
if vim.version.gt(v, {3, 2, 0}) then
-- ...
end
<
*vim.version()* returns the version of the current Nvim process.
VERSION RANGE SPEC *version-range*
A version "range spec" defines a semantic version range which can be tested
against a version, using |vim.version.range()|.
Supported range specs are shown in the following table. Note: suffixed
versions (1.2.3-rc1) are not matched. >
1.2.3 is 1.2.3
=1.2.3 is 1.2.3
>1.2.3 greater than 1.2.3
<1.2.3 before 1.2.3
>=1.2.3 at least 1.2.3
~1.2.3 is >=1.2.3 <1.3.0 "reasonably close to 1.2.3"
^1.2.3 is >=1.2.3 <2.0.0 "compatible with 1.2.3"
^0.2.3 is >=0.2.3 <0.3.0 (0.x.x is special)
^0.0.1 is =0.0.1 (0.0.x is special)
^1.2 is >=1.2.0 <2.0.0 (like ^1.2.0)
~1.2 is >=1.2.0 <1.3.0 (like ~1.2.0)
^1 is >=1.0.0 <2.0.0 "compatible with 1"
~1 same "reasonably close to 1"
1.x same
1.* same
1 same
* any version
x same
1.2.3 - 2.3.4 is >=1.2.3 <=2.3.4
Partial right: missing pieces treated as x (2.3 => 2.3.x).
1.2.3 - 2.3 is >=1.2.3 <2.4.0
1.2.3 - 2 is >=1.2.3 <3.0.0
Partial left: missing pieces treated as 0 (1.2 => 1.2.0).
1.2 - 2.3.0 is 1.2.0 - 2.3.0
<
vim.version.cmp({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.cmp()*
Parses and compares two version objects (the result of
|vim.version.parse()|, or specified literally as a `{major, minor, patch}`
tuple, e.g. `{1, 0, 3}`).
Example: >lua
if vim.version.cmp({1,0,3}, {0,2,1}) == 0 then
-- ...
end
local v1 = vim.version.parse('1.0.3-pre')
local v2 = vim.version.parse('0.2.1')
if vim.version.cmp(v1, v2) == 0 then
-- ...
end
<
Note: ~
• Per semver, build metadata is ignored when comparing two
otherwise-equivalent versions.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`) Version object.
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`) Version to compare with `v1`.
Return: ~
(`integer`) -1 if `v1 < v2`, 0 if `v1 == v2`, 1 if `v1 > v2`.
vim.version.eq({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.eq()*
Returns `true` if the given versions are equal. See |vim.version.cmp()|
for usage.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.version.ge({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.ge()*
Returns `true` if `v1 >= v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.10.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.version.gt({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.gt()*
Returns `true` if `v1 > v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.version.last({versions}) *vim.version.last()*
TODO: generalize this, move to func.lua
Parameters: ~
• {versions} (`vim.Version[]`)
Return: ~
(`vim.Version?`)
vim.version.le({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.le()*
Returns `true` if `v1 <= v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.10.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.version.lt({v1}, {v2}) *vim.version.lt()*
Returns `true` if `v1 < v2`. See |vim.version.cmp()| for usage.
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {v1} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
• {v2} (`vim.Version|number[]|string`)
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.version.parse({version}, {opts}) *vim.version.parse()*
Parses a semantic version string and returns a version object which can be
used with other `vim.version` functions. For example "1.0.1-rc1+build.2"
returns: >
{ major = 1, minor = 0, patch = 1, prerelease = "rc1", build = "build.2" }
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {version} (`string`) Version string to parse.
• {opts} (`table?`) Optional keyword arguments:
• strict (boolean): Default false. If `true`, no coercion
is attempted on input not conforming to semver v2.0.0. If
`false`, `parse()` attempts to coerce input such as
"1.0", "0-x", "tmux 3.2a" into valid versions.
Return: ~
(`vim.Version?`) parsed_version Version object or `nil` if input is
invalid.
See also: ~
• https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html
vim.version.range({spec}) *vim.version.range()*
Parses a semver |version-range| "spec" and returns a range object: >
{
from: Version
to: Version
has(v: string|Version)
}
<
`:has()` checks if a version is in the range (inclusive `from`, exclusive
`to`).
Example: >lua
local r = vim.version.range('1.0.0 - 2.0.0')
print(r:has('1.9.9')) -- true
print(r:has('2.0.0')) -- false
print(r:has(vim.version())) -- check against current Nvim version
<
Or use cmp(), le(), lt(), ge(), gt(), and/or eq() to compare a version
against `.to` and `.from` directly: >lua
local r = vim.version.range('1.0.0 - 2.0.0') -- >=1.0, <2.0
print(vim.version.ge({1,0,3}, r.from) and vim.version.lt({1,0,3}, r.to))
<
Attributes: ~
Since: 0.9.0
Parameters: ~
• {spec} (`string`) Version range "spec"
Return: ~
(`table?`) A table with the following fields:
• {from} (`vim.Version`)
• {to}? (`vim.Version`)
See also: ~
• https://github.com/npm/node-semver#ranges
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.iter *vim.iter*
*vim.iter()* is an interface for |iterable|s: it wraps a table or function
argument into an *Iter* object with methods (such as |Iter:filter()| and
|Iter:map()|) that transform the underlying source data. These methods can be
chained to create iterator "pipelines": the output of each pipeline stage is
input to the next stage. The first stage depends on the type passed to
`vim.iter()`:
• Lists or arrays (|lua-list|) yield only the value of each element.
• Holes (nil values) are allowed (but discarded).
• Use pairs() to treat array/list tables as dicts (preserve holes and
non-contiguous integer keys): `vim.iter(pairs(…))`.
• Use |Iter:enumerate()| to also pass the index to the next stage.
• Or initialize with ipairs(): `vim.iter(ipairs(…))`.
• Non-list tables (|lua-dict|) yield both the key and value of each element.
• Function |iterator|s yield all values returned by the underlying function.
• Tables with a |__call()| metamethod are treated as function iterators.
The iterator pipeline terminates when the underlying |iterable| is exhausted
(for function iterators this means it returned nil).
Note: `vim.iter()` scans table input to decide if it is a list or a dict; to
avoid this cost you can wrap the table with an iterator e.g.
`vim.iter(ipairs({…}))`, but that precludes the use of |list-iterator|
operations such as |Iter:rev()|).
Examples: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })
it:map(function(v)
return v * 3
end)
it:rev()
it:skip(2)
it:totable()
-- { 9, 6, 3 }
-- ipairs() is a function iterator which returns both the index (i) and the value (v)
vim.iter(ipairs({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })):map(function(i, v)
if i > 2 then return v end
end):totable()
-- { 3, 4, 5 }
local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('1,2,3,4,5', ','))
it:map(function(s) return tonumber(s) end)
for i, d in it:enumerate() do
print(string.format("Column %d is %d", i, d))
end
-- Column 1 is 1
-- Column 2 is 2
-- Column 3 is 3
-- Column 4 is 4
-- Column 5 is 5
vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, z = 26 }):any(function(k, v)
return k == 'z'
end)
-- true
local rb = vim.ringbuf(3)
rb:push("a")
rb:push("b")
vim.iter(rb):totable()
-- { "a", "b" }
<
Iter:all({pred}) *Iter:all()*
Returns true if all items in the iterator match the given predicate.
Parameters: ~
• {pred} (`fun(...):boolean`) Predicate function. Takes all values
returned from the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments
and returns true if the predicate matches.
Iter:any({pred}) *Iter:any()*
Returns true if any of the items in the iterator match the given
predicate.
Parameters: ~
• {pred} (`fun(...):boolean`) Predicate function. Takes all values
returned from the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments
and returns true if the predicate matches.
Iter:each({f}) *Iter:each()*
Calls a function once for each item in the pipeline, draining the
iterator.
For functions with side effects. To modify the values in the iterator, use
|Iter:map()|.
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`fun(...)`) Function to execute for each item in the pipeline.
Takes all of the values returned by the previous stage in the
pipeline as arguments.
Iter:enumerate() *Iter:enumerate()*
Yields the item index (count) and value for each item of an iterator
pipeline.
For list tables, this is more efficient: >lua
vim.iter(ipairs(t))
<
instead of: >lua
vim.iter(t):enumerate()
<
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abc', '')):enumerate()
it:next()
-- 1 'a'
it:next()
-- 2 'b'
it:next()
-- 3 'c'
<
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:filter({f}) *Iter:filter()*
Filters an iterator pipeline.
Example: >lua
local bufs = vim.iter(vim.api.nvim_list_bufs()):filter(vim.api.nvim_buf_is_loaded)
<
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`fun(...):boolean`) Takes all values returned from the previous
stage in the pipeline and returns false or nil if the current
iterator element should be removed.
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:find({f}) *Iter:find()*
Find the first value in the iterator that satisfies the given predicate.
Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is
found.
Examples: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it:find(12)
-- 12
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it:find(20)
-- nil
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it:find(function(v) return v % 4 == 0 end)
-- 12
<
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:flatten({depth}) *Iter:flatten()*
Flattens a |list-iterator|, un-nesting nested values up to the given
{depth}. Errors if it attempts to flatten a dict-like value.
Examples: >lua
vim.iter({ 1, { 2 }, { { 3 } } }):flatten():totable()
-- { 1, 2, { 3 } }
vim.iter({1, { { a = 2 } }, { 3 } }):flatten():totable()
-- { 1, { a = 2 }, 3 }
vim.iter({ 1, { { a = 2 } }, { 3 } }):flatten(math.huge):totable()
-- error: attempt to flatten a dict-like table
<
Parameters: ~
• {depth} (`number?`) Depth to which |list-iterator| should be
flattened (defaults to 1)
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:fold({init}, {f}) *Iter:fold()*
Folds ("reduces") an iterator into a single value. *Iter:reduce()*
Examples: >lua
-- Create a new table with only even values
vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4 })
:filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 == 0 end)
:fold({}, function(acc, k, v)
acc[k] = v
return acc
end) --> { b = 2, d = 4 }
-- Get the "maximum" item of an iterable.
vim.iter({ -99, -4, 3, 42, 0, 0, 7 })
:fold({}, function(acc, v)
acc.max = math.max(v, acc.max or v)
return acc
end) --> { max = 42 }
<
Parameters: ~
• {init} (`any`) Initial value of the accumulator.
• {f} (`fun(acc:A, ...):A`) Accumulation function.
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:join({delim}) *Iter:join()*
Collect the iterator into a delimited string.
Each element in the iterator is joined into a string separated by {delim}.
Consumes the iterator.
Parameters: ~
• {delim} (`string`) Delimiter
Return: ~
(`string`)
Iter:last() *Iter:last()*
Drains the iterator and returns the last item.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abcdefg', ''))
it:last()
-- 'g'
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 })
it:last()
-- 15
<
Return: ~
(`any`)
See also: ~
• Iter.rpeek
Iter:map({f}) *Iter:map()*
Maps the items of an iterator pipeline to the values returned by `f`.
If the map function returns nil, the value is filtered from the iterator.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):map(function(v)
if v % 2 == 0 then
return v * 3
end
end)
it:totable()
-- { 6, 12 }
<
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`fun(...):...:any`) Mapping function. Takes all values returned
from the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments and returns
one or more new values, which are used in the next pipeline
stage. Nil return values are filtered from the output.
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:next() *Iter:next()*
Gets the next value from the iterator.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter(string.gmatch('1 2 3', '%d+')):map(tonumber)
it:next()
-- 1
it:next()
-- 2
it:next()
-- 3
<
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:nth({n}) *Iter:nth()*
Gets the nth value of an iterator (and advances to it).
If `n` is negative, offsets from the end of a |list-iterator|.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it:nth(2)
-- 6
it:nth(2)
-- 12
local it2 = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it2:nth(-2)
-- 9
it2:nth(-2)
-- 3
<
Parameters: ~
• {n} (`number`) Index of the value to return. May be negative if the
source is a |list-iterator|.
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:peek() *Iter:peek()*
Gets the next value in a |list-iterator| without consuming it.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
it:peek()
-- 3
it:peek()
-- 3
it:next()
-- 3
<
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:pop() *Iter:pop()*
"Pops" a value from a |list-iterator| (gets the last value and decrements
the tail).
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
it:pop()
-- 4
it:pop()
-- 3
<
Return: ~
(`any`)
Iter:rev() *Iter:rev()*
Reverses a |list-iterator| pipeline.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):rev()
it:totable()
-- { 12, 9, 6, 3 }
<
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:rfind({f}) *Iter:rfind()*
Gets the first value satisfying a predicate, from the end of a
|list-iterator|.
Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is
found.
Examples: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 }):enumerate()
it:rfind(1)
-- 5 1
it:rfind(1)
-- 1 1
<
Parameters: ~
• {f} (`any`)
Return: ~
(`any`)
See also: ~
• Iter.find
Iter:rpeek() *Iter:rpeek()*
Gets the last value of a |list-iterator| without consuming it.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
it:rpeek()
-- 4
it:rpeek()
-- 4
it:pop()
-- 4
<
Return: ~
(`any`)
See also: ~
• Iter.last
Iter:rskip({n}) *Iter:rskip()*
Discards `n` values from the end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }):rskip(2)
it:next()
-- 1
it:pop()
-- 3
<
Parameters: ~
• {n} (`number`) Number of values to skip.
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:skip({n}) *Iter:skip()*
Skips `n` values of an iterator pipeline.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):skip(2)
it:next()
-- 9
<
Parameters: ~
• {n} (`number`) Number of values to skip.
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:slice({first}, {last}) *Iter:slice()*
Sets the start and end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.
Equivalent to `:skip(first - 1):rskip(len - last + 1)`.
Parameters: ~
• {first} (`number`)
• {last} (`number`)
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:take({n}) *Iter:take()*
Transforms an iterator to yield only the first n values.
Example: >lua
local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):take(2)
it:next()
-- 1
it:next()
-- 2
it:next()
-- nil
<
Parameters: ~
• {n} (`integer`)
Return: ~
(`Iter`)
Iter:totable() *Iter:totable()*
Collect the iterator into a table.
The resulting table depends on the initial source in the iterator
pipeline. Array-like tables and function iterators will be collected into
an array-like table. If multiple values are returned from the final stage
in the iterator pipeline, each value will be included in a table.
Examples: >lua
vim.iter(string.gmatch('100 20 50', '%d+')):map(tonumber):totable()
-- { 100, 20, 50 }
vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3 }):map(function(v) return v, 2 * v end):totable()
-- { { 1, 2 }, { 2, 4 }, { 3, 6 } }
vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }):filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 ~= 0 end):totable()
-- { { 'a', 1 }, { 'c', 3 } }
<
The generated table is an array-like table with consecutive, numeric
indices. To create a map-like table with arbitrary keys, use
|Iter:fold()|.
Return: ~
(`table`)
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.snippet *vim.snippet*
*vim.snippet.ActiveFilter*
Fields: ~
• {direction} (`vim.snippet.Direction`) Navigation direction. -1 for
previous, 1 for next.
vim.snippet.active({filter}) *vim.snippet.active()*
Returns `true` if there's an active snippet in the current buffer,
applying the given filter if provided.
You can use this function to navigate a snippet as follows: >lua
vim.keymap.set({ 'i', 's' }, '<Tab>', function()
if vim.snippet.active({ direction = 1 }) then
return '<Cmd>lua vim.snippet.jump(1)<CR>'
else
return '<Tab>'
end
end, { expr = true })
<
Parameters: ~
• {filter} (`vim.snippet.ActiveFilter?`) Filter to constrain the search
with:
• `direction` (vim.snippet.Direction): Navigation direction.
Will return `true` if the snippet can be jumped in the
given direction. See |vim.snippet.ActiveFilter|.
Return: ~
(`boolean`)
vim.snippet.expand({input}) *vim.snippet.expand()*
Expands the given snippet text. Refer to
https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specification/#snippet_syntax
for the specification of valid input.
Tabstops are highlighted with |hl-SnippetTabstop|.
Parameters: ~
• {input} (`string`)
vim.snippet.jump({direction}) *vim.snippet.jump()*
Jumps to the next (or previous) placeholder in the current snippet, if
possible.
For example, map `<Tab>` to jump while a snippet is active: >lua
vim.keymap.set({ 'i', 's' }, '<Tab>', function()
if vim.snippet.active({ direction = 1 }) then
return '<Cmd>lua vim.snippet.jump(1)<CR>'
else
return '<Tab>'
end
end, { expr = true })
<
Parameters: ~
• {direction} (`vim.snippet.Direction`) Navigation direction. -1 for
previous, 1 for next.
vim.snippet.stop() *vim.snippet.stop()*
Exits the current snippet.
==============================================================================
Lua module: vim.text *vim.text*
vim.text.hexdecode({enc}) *vim.text.hexdecode()*
Hex decode a string.
Parameters: ~
• {enc} (`string`) String to decode
Return (multiple): ~
(`string?`) Decoded string
(`string?`) Error message, if any
vim.text.hexencode({str}) *vim.text.hexencode()*
Hex encode a string.
Parameters: ~
• {str} (`string`) String to encode
Return: ~
(`string`) Hex encoded string
==============================================================================
Lua module: tohtml *vim.tohtml*
:[range]TOhtml {file} *:TOhtml*
Converts the buffer shown in the current window to HTML, opens the generated
HTML in a new split window, and saves its contents to {file}. If {file} is not
given, a temporary file (created by |tempname()|) is used.
tohtml.tohtml({winid}, {opt}) *tohtml.tohtml.tohtml()*
Converts the buffer shown in the window {winid} to HTML and returns the
output as a list of string.
Parameters: ~
• {winid} (`integer?`) Window to convert (defaults to current window)
• {opt} (`table?`) Optional parameters.
• {title}? (`string|false`, default: buffer name) Title tag
to set in the generated HTML code.
• {number_lines}? (`boolean`, default: `false`) Show line
numbers.
• {font}? (`string[]|string`, default: `guifont`) Fonts to
use.
• {width}? (`integer`, default: 'textwidth' if non-zero or
window width otherwise) Width used for items which are
either right aligned or repeat a character infinitely.
• {range}? (`integer[]`, default: entire buffer) Range of
rows to use.
Return: ~
(`string[]`)
vim:tw=78:ts=8:sw=4:sts=4:et:ft=help:norl:
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