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001209a2fe
The "*" flag in 'cpoptions' makes the command :* execute the contents of a register. Removed because 1. the same functionality exists as :@ 2. it hides :* as a useful command-line shortcut for :'<,'> 3. unlike :@ it cannot be used with the * register Helped-by: Michael Reed <m.reed@mykolab.com>
1091 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
1091 lines
44 KiB
Plaintext
*cmdline.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Sep 06
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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*Cmdline-mode* *Command-line-mode*
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Command-line mode *Cmdline* *Command-line* *mode-cmdline* *:*
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Command-line mode is used to enter Ex commands (":"), search patterns
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("/" and "?"), and filter commands ("!").
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Basic command line editing is explained in chapter 20 of the user manual
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|usr_20.txt|.
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1. Command-line editing |cmdline-editing|
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2. Command-line completion |cmdline-completion|
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3. Ex command-lines |cmdline-lines|
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4. Ex command-line ranges |cmdline-ranges|
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5. Ex command-line flags |ex-flags|
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6. Ex special characters |cmdline-special|
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7. Command-line window |cmdline-window|
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==============================================================================
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1. Command-line editing *cmdline-editing*
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Normally characters are inserted in front of the cursor position. You can
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move around in the command-line with the left and right cursor keys. With the
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<Insert> key, you can toggle between inserting and overstriking characters.
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Note that if your keyboard does not have working cursor keys or any of the
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other special keys, you can use ":cnoremap" to define another key for them.
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For example, to define tcsh style editing keys: *tcsh-style* >
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:cnoremap <C-A> <Home>
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:cnoremap <C-F> <Right>
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:cnoremap <C-B> <Left>
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:cnoremap <Esc>b <S-Left>
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:cnoremap <Esc>f <S-Right>
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(<> notation |<>|; type all this literally)
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*cmdline-too-long*
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When the command line is getting longer than what fits on the screen, only the
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part that fits will be shown. The cursor can only move in this visible part,
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thus you cannot edit beyond that.
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*cmdline-history* *history*
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The command-lines that you enter are remembered in a history table. You can
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recall them with the up and down cursor keys. There are actually five
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history tables:
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- one for ':' commands
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- one for search strings
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- one for expressions
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- one for input lines, typed for the |input()| function.
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- one for debug mode commands
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These are completely separate. Each history can only be accessed when
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entering the same type of line.
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Use the 'history' option to set the number of lines that are remembered
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(default: 50).
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Notes:
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- When you enter a command-line that is exactly the same as an older one, the
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old one is removed (to avoid repeated commands moving older commands out of
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the history).
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- Only commands that are typed are remembered. Ones that completely come from
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mappings are not put in the history.
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- All searches are put in the search history, including the ones that come
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from commands like "*" and "#". But for a mapping, only the last search is
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remembered (to avoid that long mappings trash the history).
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There is an automatic completion of names on the command-line; see
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|cmdline-completion|.
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*c_CTRL-V*
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CTRL-V Insert next non-digit literally. Up to three digits form the
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decimal value of a single byte. The non-digit and the three
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digits are not considered for mapping. This works the same
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way as in Insert mode (see above, |i_CTRL-V|).
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Note: Under Windows CTRL-V is often mapped to paste text.
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Use CTRL-Q instead then.
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*c_CTRL-Q*
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CTRL-Q Same as CTRL-V. But with some terminals it is used for
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control flow, it doesn't work then.
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*c_<Left>* *c_Left*
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<Left> cursor left
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*c_<Right>* *c_Right*
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<Right> cursor right
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*c_<S-Left>*
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<S-Left> or <C-Left> *c_<C-Left>*
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cursor one WORD left
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*c_<S-Right>*
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<S-Right> or <C-Right> *c_<C-Right>*
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cursor one WORD right
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CTRL-B or <Home> *c_CTRL-B* *c_<Home>* *c_Home*
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cursor to beginning of command-line
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CTRL-E or <End> *c_CTRL-E* *c_<End>* *c_End*
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cursor to end of command-line
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*c_<LeftMouse>*
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<LeftMouse> Move the cursor to the position of the mouse click.
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CTRL-H *c_<BS>* *c_CTRL-H* *c_BS*
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<BS> Delete the character in front of the cursor.
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*c_<Del>* *c_Del*
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<Del> Delete the character under the cursor (at end of line:
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character before the cursor).
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*c_CTRL-W*
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CTRL-W Delete the |word| before the cursor. This depends on the
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'iskeyword' option.
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*c_CTRL-U*
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CTRL-U Remove all characters between the cursor position and
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the beginning of the line. Previous versions of vim
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deleted all characters on the line. If that is the
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preferred behavior, add the following to your .vimrc: >
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:cnoremap <C-U> <C-E><C-U>
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<
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*c_<Insert>* *c_Insert*
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<Insert> Toggle between insert and overstrike.
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{char1} <BS> {char2} or *c_digraph*
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CTRL-K {char1} {char2} *c_CTRL-K*
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enter digraph (see |digraphs|). When {char1} is a special
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key, the code for that key is inserted in <> form.
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CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#:-=.} *c_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>*
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Insert the contents of a numbered or named register. Between
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typing CTRL-R and the second character '"' will be displayed
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to indicate that you are expected to enter the name of a
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register.
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The text is inserted as if you typed it, but mappings and
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abbreviations are not used. Command-line completion through
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'wildchar' is not triggered though. And characters that end
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the command line are inserted literally (<Esc>, <CR>, <NL>,
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<C-C>). A <BS> or CTRL-W could still end the command line
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though, and remaining characters will then be interpreted in
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another mode, which might not be what you intended.
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Special registers:
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'"' the unnamed register, containing the text of
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the last delete or yank
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'%' the current file name
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'#' the alternate file name
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'*' the clipboard contents (X11: primary selection)
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'+' the clipboard contents
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'/' the last search pattern
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':' the last command-line
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'-' the last small (less than a line) delete
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'.' the last inserted text
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*c_CTRL-R_=*
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'=' the expression register: you are prompted to
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enter an expression (see |expression|)
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(doesn't work at the expression prompt; some
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things such as changing the buffer or current
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window are not allowed to avoid side effects)
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When the result is a |List| the items are used
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as lines. They can have line breaks inside
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too.
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When the result is a Float it's automatically
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converted to a String.
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See |registers| about registers.
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Implementation detail: When using the |expression| register
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and invoking setcmdpos(), this sets the position before
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inserting the resulting string. Use CTRL-R CTRL-R to set the
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position afterwards.
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CTRL-R CTRL-F *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-F* *c_<C-R>_<C-F>*
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CTRL-R CTRL-P *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-P* *c_<C-R>_<C-P>*
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CTRL-R CTRL-W *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-W* *c_<C-R>_<C-W>*
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CTRL-R CTRL-A *c_CTRL-R_CTRL-A* *c_<C-R>_<C-A>*
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Insert the object under the cursor:
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CTRL-F the Filename under the cursor
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CTRL-P the Filename under the cursor, expanded with
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'path' as in |gf|
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CTRL-W the Word under the cursor
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CTRL-A the WORD under the cursor; see |WORD|
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When 'incsearch' is set the cursor position at the end of the
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currently displayed match is used. With CTRL-W the part of
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the word that was already typed is not inserted again.
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*c_CTRL-R_CTRL-R* *c_<C-R>_<C-R>*
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*c_CTRL-R_CTRL-O* *c_<C-R>_<C-O>*
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CTRL-R CTRL-R {0-9a-z"%#:-=. CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A}
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CTRL-R CTRL-O {0-9a-z"%#:-=. CTRL-F CTRL-P CTRL-W CTRL-A}
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Insert register or object under the cursor. Works like
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|c_CTRL-R| but inserts the text literally. For example, if
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register a contains "xy^Hz" (where ^H is a backspace),
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"CTRL-R a" will insert "xz" while "CTRL-R CTRL-R a" will
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insert "xy^Hz".
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CTRL-\ e {expr} *c_CTRL-\_e*
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Evaluate {expr} and replace the whole command line with the
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result. You will be prompted for the expression, type <Enter>
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to finish it. It's most useful in mappings though. See
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|expression|.
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See |c_CTRL-R_=| for inserting the result of an expression.
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Useful functions are |getcmdtype()|, |getcmdline()| and
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|getcmdpos()|.
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The cursor position is unchanged, except when the cursor was
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at the end of the line, then it stays at the end.
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|setcmdpos()| can be used to set the cursor position.
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The |sandbox| is used for evaluating the expression to avoid
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nasty side effects.
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Example: >
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:cmap <F7> <C-\>eAppendSome()<CR>
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:func AppendSome()
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:let cmd = getcmdline() . " Some()"
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:" place the cursor on the )
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:call setcmdpos(strlen(cmd))
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:return cmd
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:endfunc
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< This doesn't work recursively, thus not when already editing
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an expression. But it is possible to use in a mapping.
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*c_CTRL-Y*
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CTRL-Y When there is a modeless selection, copy the selection into
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the clipboard. |modeless-selection|
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If there is no selection CTRL-Y is inserted as a character.
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CTRL-J *c_CTRL-J* *c_<NL>* *c_<CR>* *c_CR*
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<CR> or <NL> start entered command
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*c_<Esc>* *c_Esc*
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<Esc> When typed and 'x' not present in 'cpoptions', quit
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Command-line mode without executing. In macros or when 'x'
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present in 'cpoptions', start entered command.
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Note: If your <Esc> key is hard to hit on your keyboard, train
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yourself to use CTRL-[.
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*c_CTRL-C*
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CTRL-C quit command-line without executing
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*c_<Up>* *c_Up*
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<Up> recall older command-line from history, whose beginning
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matches the current command-line (see below).
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{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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feature}
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*c_<Down>* *c_Down*
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<Down> recall more recent command-line from history, whose beginning
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matches the current command-line (see below).
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{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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feature}
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*c_<S-Up>* *c_<PageUp>*
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<S-Up> or <PageUp>
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recall older command-line from history
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{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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feature}
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*c_<S-Down>* *c_<PageDown>*
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<S-Down> or <PageDown>
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recall more recent command-line from history
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{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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feature}
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CTRL-D command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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'wildchar' option
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command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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CTRL-N command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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CTRL-P command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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CTRL-A command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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CTRL-L command-line completion (see |cmdline-completion|)
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*c_CTRL-_*
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CTRL-_ a - switch between Hebrew and English keyboard mode, which is
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private to the command-line and not related to hkmap.
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This is useful when Hebrew text entry is required in the
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command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc. Applies only if
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Vim is compiled with the |+rightleft| feature and the
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'allowrevins' option is set.
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See |rileft.txt|.
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b - switch between Farsi and English keyboard mode, which is
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private to the command-line and not related to fkmap. In
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Farsi keyboard mode the characters are inserted in reverse
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insert manner. This is useful when Farsi text entry is
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required in the command-line, searches, abbreviations, etc.
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Applies only if Vim is compiled with the |+farsi| feature.
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See |farsi.txt|.
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*c_CTRL-^*
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CTRL-^ Toggle the use of language |:lmap| mappings and/or Input
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Method.
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When typing a pattern for a search command and 'imsearch' is
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not -1, VAL is the value of 'imsearch', otherwise VAL is the
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value of 'iminsert'.
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When language mappings are defined:
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- If VAL is 1 (langmap mappings used) it becomes 0 (no langmap
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mappings used).
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- If VAL was not 1 it becomes 1, thus langmap mappings are
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enabled.
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When no language mappings are defined:
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- If VAL is 2 (Input Method is used) it becomes 0 (no input
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method used)
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- If VAL has another value it becomes 2, thus the Input Method
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is enabled.
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These language mappings are normally used to type characters
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that are different from what the keyboard produces. The
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'keymap' option can be used to install a whole number of them.
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When entering a command line, langmap mappings are switched
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off, since you are expected to type a command. After
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switching it on with CTRL-^, the new state is not used again
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for the next command or Search pattern.
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*c_CTRL-]*
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CTRL-] Trigger abbreviation, without inserting a character.
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For Emacs-style editing on the command-line see |emacs-keys|.
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The <Up> and <Down> keys take the current command-line as a search string.
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The beginning of the next/previous command-lines are compared with this
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string. The first line that matches is the new command-line. When typing
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these two keys repeatedly, the same string is used again. For example, this
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can be used to find the previous substitute command: Type ":s" and then <Up>.
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The same could be done by typing <S-Up> a number of times until the desired
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command-line is shown. (Note: the shifted arrow keys do not work on all
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terminals)
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*:his* *:history*
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:his[tory] Print the history of last entered commands.
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{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
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feature}
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:his[tory] [{name}] [{first}][, [{last}]]
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List the contents of history {name} which can be:
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c[md] or : command-line history
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s[earch] or / or ? search string history
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e[xpr] or = expression register history
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i[nput] or @ input line history
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d[ebug] or > debug command history
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a[ll] all of the above
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If the numbers {first} and/or {last} are given, the respective
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range of entries from a history is listed. These numbers can
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be specified in the following form:
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*:history-indexing*
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A positive number represents the absolute index of an entry
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as it is given in the first column of a :history listing.
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This number remains fixed even if other entries are deleted.
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A negative number means the relative position of an entry,
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counted from the newest entry (which has index -1) backwards.
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Examples:
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List entries 6 to 12 from the search history: >
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:history / 6,12
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<
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List the recent five entries from all histories: >
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:history all -5,
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:keepp[atterns] {command} *:keepp* *:keeppatterns*
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Execute {command}, without adding anything to the search
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history
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==============================================================================
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2. Command-line completion *cmdline-completion*
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When editing the command-line, a few commands can be used to complete the
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word before the cursor. This is available for:
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- Command names: At the start of the command-line.
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- Tags: Only after the ":tag" command.
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- File names: Only after a command that accepts a file name or a setting for
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an option that can be set to a file name. This is called file name
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completion.
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- Shell command names: After ":!cmd", ":r !cmd" and ":w !cmd". $PATH is used.
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- Options: Only after the ":set" command.
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- Mappings: Only after a ":map" or similar command.
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- Variable and function names: Only after a ":if", ":call" or similar command.
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When Vim was compiled without the |+cmdline_compl| feature only file names,
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directories and help items can be completed. The number of help item matches
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is limited (currently to 300) to avoid a long delay when there are very many
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matches.
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These are the commands that can be used:
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*c_CTRL-D*
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CTRL-D List names that match the pattern in front of the cursor.
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When showing file names, directories are highlighted (see
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'highlight' option). Names where 'suffixes' matches are moved
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to the end.
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The 'wildoptions' option can be set to "tagfile" to list the
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file of matching tags.
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*c_CTRL-I* *c_wildchar* *c_<Tab>*
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'wildchar' option
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A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. The
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match (if there are several, the first match) is inserted
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in place of the pattern. (Note: does not work inside a
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macro, because <Tab> or <Esc> are mostly used as 'wildchar',
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and these have a special meaning in some macros.) When typed
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again and there were multiple matches, the next
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match is inserted. After the last match, the first is used
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again (wrap around).
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The behavior can be changed with the 'wildmode' option.
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*c_CTRL-N*
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CTRL-N After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to next
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match. Otherwise recall more recent command-line from history.
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<S-Tab> *c_CTRL-P* *c_<S-Tab>*
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CTRL-P After using 'wildchar' which got multiple matches, go to
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previous match. Otherwise recall older command-line from
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history. <S-Tab> only works with the GUI and with MS-DOS.
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*c_CTRL-A*
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CTRL-A All names that match the pattern in front of the cursor are
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inserted.
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*c_CTRL-L*
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CTRL-L A match is done on the pattern in front of the cursor. If
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there is one match, it is inserted in place of the pattern.
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If there are multiple matches the longest common part is
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inserted in place of the pattern. If the result is shorter
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than the pattern, no completion is done.
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When 'incsearch' is set, entering a search pattern for "/" or
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"?" and the current match is displayed then CTRL-L will add
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one character from the end of the current match. If
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'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' are set and the command line has
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no uppercase characters, the added character is converted to
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lowercase.
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The 'wildchar' option defaults to <Tab> (CTRL-E when in Vi compatible mode; in
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a previous version <Esc> was used). In the pattern standard wildcards '*' and
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'?' are accepted when matching file names. '*' matches any string, '?'
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matches exactly one character.
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The 'wildignorecase' option can be set to ignore case in filenames.
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If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use this mapping:
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:cnoremap X <C-L><C-D>
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(Where X is the command key to use, <C-L> is CTRL-L and <C-D> is CTRL-D)
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This will find the longest match and then list all matching files.
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If you like tcsh's autolist completion, you can use the 'wildmode' option to
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emulate it. For example, this mimics autolist=ambiguous:
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:set wildmode=longest,list
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This will find the longest match with the first 'wildchar', then list all
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matching files with the next.
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*suffixes*
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For file name completion you can use the 'suffixes' option to set a priority
|
|
between files with almost the same name. If there are multiple matches,
|
|
those files with an extension that is in the 'suffixes' option are ignored.
|
|
The default is ".bak,~,.o,.h,.info,.swp,.obj", which means that files ending
|
|
in ".bak", "~", ".o", ".h", ".info", ".swp" and ".obj" are sometimes ignored.
|
|
|
|
An empty entry, two consecutive commas, match a file name that does not
|
|
contain a ".", thus has no suffix. This is useful to ignore "prog" and prefer
|
|
"prog.c".
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
pattern: files: match: ~
|
|
test* test.c test.h test.o test.c
|
|
test* test.h test.o test.h and test.o
|
|
test* test.i test.h test.c test.i and test.c
|
|
|
|
It is impossible to ignore suffixes with two dots.
|
|
|
|
If there is more than one matching file (after ignoring the ones matching
|
|
the 'suffixes' option) the first file name is inserted. You can see that
|
|
there is only one match when you type 'wildchar' twice and the completed
|
|
match stays the same. You can get to the other matches by entering
|
|
'wildchar', CTRL-N or CTRL-P. All files are included, also the ones with
|
|
extensions matching the 'suffixes' option.
|
|
|
|
To completely ignore files with some extension use 'wildignore'.
|
|
|
|
To match only files that end at the end of the typed text append a "$". For
|
|
example, to match only files that end in ".c": >
|
|
:e *.c$
|
|
This will not match a file ending in ".cpp". Without the "$" it does match.
|
|
|
|
The old value of an option can be obtained by hitting 'wildchar' just after
|
|
the '='. For example, typing 'wildchar' after ":set dir=" will insert the
|
|
current value of 'dir'. This overrules file name completion for the options
|
|
that take a file name.
|
|
|
|
If you would like using <S-Tab> for CTRL-P in an xterm, put this command in
|
|
your .cshrc: >
|
|
xmodmap -e "keysym Tab = Tab Find"
|
|
And this in your .vimrc: >
|
|
:cmap <Esc>[1~ <C-P>
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
3. Ex command-lines *cmdline-lines*
|
|
|
|
The Ex commands have a few specialties:
|
|
|
|
*:quote* *:comment*
|
|
'"' at the start of a line causes the whole line to be ignored. '"'
|
|
after a command causes the rest of the line to be ignored. This can be used
|
|
to add comments. Example: >
|
|
:set ai "set 'autoindent' option
|
|
It is not possible to add a comment to a shell command ":!cmd" or to the
|
|
":map" command and a few others, because they see the '"' as part of their
|
|
argument. This is mentioned where the command is explained.
|
|
|
|
*:bar* *:\bar*
|
|
'|' can be used to separate commands, so you can give multiple commands in one
|
|
line. If you want to use '|' in an argument, precede it with '\'.
|
|
|
|
These commands see the '|' as their argument, and can therefore not be
|
|
followed by another Vim command:
|
|
:argdo
|
|
:autocmd
|
|
:bufdo
|
|
:command
|
|
:cscope
|
|
:debug
|
|
:folddoopen
|
|
:folddoclosed
|
|
:function
|
|
:global
|
|
:help
|
|
:helpfind
|
|
:lcscope
|
|
:make
|
|
:normal
|
|
:promptfind
|
|
:promptrepl
|
|
:pyfile
|
|
:python
|
|
:registers
|
|
:read !
|
|
:scscope
|
|
:sign
|
|
:vglobal
|
|
:windo
|
|
:write !
|
|
:[range]!
|
|
a user defined command without the "-bar" argument |:command|
|
|
|
|
Note that this is confusing (inherited from Vi): With ":g" the '|' is included
|
|
in the command, with ":s" it is not.
|
|
|
|
To be able to use another command anyway, use the ":execute" command.
|
|
Example (append the output of "ls" and jump to the first line): >
|
|
:execute 'r !ls' | '[
|
|
|
|
There is one exception: When the 'b' flag is present in 'cpoptions', with the
|
|
":map" and ":abbr" commands and friends CTRL-V needs to be used instead of
|
|
'\'. You can also use "<Bar>" instead. See also |map_bar|.
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
:!ls | wc view the output of two commands
|
|
:r !ls | wc insert the same output in the text
|
|
:%g/foo/p|> moves all matching lines one shiftwidth
|
|
:%s/foo/bar/|> moves one line one shiftwidth
|
|
:map q 10^V| map "q" to "10|"
|
|
:map q 10\| map \ l map "q" to "10\" and map "\" to "l"
|
|
(when 'b' is present in 'cpoptions')
|
|
|
|
You can also use <NL> to separate commands in the same way as with '|'. To
|
|
insert a <NL> use CTRL-V CTRL-J. "^@" will be shown. Using '|' is the
|
|
preferred method. But for external commands a <NL> must be used, because a
|
|
'|' is included in the external command. To avoid the special meaning of <NL>
|
|
it must be preceded with a backslash. Example: >
|
|
:r !date<NL>-join
|
|
This reads the current date into the file and joins it with the previous line.
|
|
|
|
Note that when the command before the '|' generates an error, the following
|
|
commands will not be executed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Because of Vi compatibility the following strange commands are supported: >
|
|
:| print current line (like ":p")
|
|
:3| print line 3 (like ":3p")
|
|
:3 goto line 3
|
|
|
|
A colon is allowed between the range and the command name. It is ignored
|
|
(this is Vi compatible). For example: >
|
|
:1,$:s/pat/string
|
|
|
|
When the character '%' or '#' is used where a file name is expected, they are
|
|
expanded to the current and alternate file name (see the chapter "editing
|
|
files" |:_%| |:_#|).
|
|
|
|
Trailing spaces in filenames will be ignored, unless escaped with a backslash
|
|
or CTRL-V. Note that the ":next" command uses spaces to separate file names.
|
|
Escape the spaces to include them in a file name. Example: >
|
|
:next foo\ bar goes\ to school\
|
|
starts editing the three files "foo bar", "goes to" and "school ".
|
|
|
|
When you want to use the special characters '"' or '|' in a command, or want
|
|
to use '%' or '#' in a file name, precede them with a backslash. The
|
|
backslash is not required in a range and in the ":substitute" command.
|
|
|
|
*:_!*
|
|
The '!' (bang) character after an Ex command makes the command behave in a
|
|
different way. The '!' should be placed immediately after the command, without
|
|
any blanks in between. If you insert blanks the '!' will be seen as an
|
|
argument for the command, which has a different meaning. For example:
|
|
:w! name write the current buffer to file "name", overwriting
|
|
any existing file
|
|
:w !name send the current buffer as standard input to command
|
|
"name"
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
4. Ex command-line ranges *cmdline-ranges* *[range]* *E16*
|
|
|
|
Some Ex commands accept a line range in front of them. This is noted as
|
|
[range]. It consists of one or more line specifiers, separated with ',' or
|
|
';'.
|
|
|
|
The basics are explained in section |10.3| of the user manual.
|
|
|
|
*:,* *:;*
|
|
When separated with ';' the cursor position will be set to that line
|
|
before interpreting the next line specifier. This doesn't happen for ','.
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
4,/this line/
|
|
< from line 4 till match with "this line" after the cursor line. >
|
|
5;/that line/
|
|
< from line 5 till match with "that line" after line 5.
|
|
|
|
The default line specifier for most commands is the cursor position, but the
|
|
commands ":write" and ":global" have the whole file (1,$) as default.
|
|
|
|
If more line specifiers are given than required for the command, the first
|
|
one(s) will be ignored.
|
|
|
|
Line numbers may be specified with: *:range* *E14* *{address}*
|
|
{number} an absolute line number
|
|
. the current line *:.*
|
|
$ the last line in the file *:$*
|
|
% equal to 1,$ (the entire file) *:%*
|
|
't position of mark t (lowercase) *:'*
|
|
'T position of mark T (uppercase); when the mark is in
|
|
another file it cannot be used in a range
|
|
/{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches *:/*
|
|
?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches *:?*
|
|
\/ the next line where the previously used search
|
|
pattern matches
|
|
\? the previous line where the previously used search
|
|
pattern matches
|
|
\& the next line where the previously used substitute
|
|
pattern matches
|
|
|
|
Each may be followed (several times) by '+' or '-' and an optional number.
|
|
This number is added or subtracted from the preceding line number. If the
|
|
number is omitted, 1 is used.
|
|
|
|
The "/" and "?" after {pattern} are required to separate the pattern from
|
|
anything that follows.
|
|
|
|
The "/" and "?" may be preceded with another address. The search starts from
|
|
there. The difference from using ';' is that the cursor isn't moved.
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
/pat1//pat2/ Find line containing "pat2" after line containing
|
|
"pat1", without moving the cursor.
|
|
7;/pat2/ Find line containing "pat2", after line 7, leaving
|
|
the cursor in line 7.
|
|
|
|
The {number} must be between 0 and the number of lines in the file. When
|
|
using a 0 (zero) this is interpreted as a 1 by most commands. Commands that
|
|
use it as a count do use it as a zero (|:tag|, |:pop|, etc). Some commands
|
|
interpret the zero as "before the first line" (|:read|, search pattern, etc).
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
.+3 three lines below the cursor
|
|
/that/+1 the line below the next line containing "that"
|
|
.,$ from current line until end of file
|
|
0;/that the first line containing "that", also matches in the
|
|
first line.
|
|
1;/that the first line after line 1 containing "that"
|
|
|
|
Some commands allow for a count after the command. This count is used as the
|
|
number of lines to be used, starting with the line given in the last line
|
|
specifier (the default is the cursor line). The commands that accept a count
|
|
are the ones that use a range but do not have a file name argument (because
|
|
a file name can also be a number).
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
:s/x/X/g 5 substitute 'x' by 'X' in the current line and four
|
|
following lines
|
|
:23d 4 delete lines 23, 24, 25 and 26
|
|
|
|
|
|
Folds and Range
|
|
|
|
When folds are active the line numbers are rounded off to include the whole
|
|
closed fold. See |fold-behavior|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reverse Range *E493*
|
|
|
|
A range should have the lower line number first. If this is not the case, Vim
|
|
will ask you if it should swap the line numbers.
|
|
Backwards range given, OK to swap ~
|
|
This is not done within the global command ":g".
|
|
|
|
You can use ":silent" before a command to avoid the question, the range will
|
|
always be swapped then.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Count and Range *N:*
|
|
|
|
When giving a count before entering ":", this is translated into:
|
|
:.,.+(count - 1)
|
|
In words: The 'count' lines at and after the cursor. Example: To delete
|
|
three lines: >
|
|
3:d<CR> is translated into: .,.+2d<CR>
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
Visual Mode and Range *v_:*
|
|
|
|
{Visual}: Starts a command-line with the Visual selected lines as a
|
|
range. The code `:'<,'>` is used for this range, which makes
|
|
it possible to select a similar line from the command-line
|
|
history for repeating a command on different Visually selected
|
|
lines.
|
|
When Visual mode was already ended, a short way to use the
|
|
Visual area for a range is `:*`.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
5. Ex command-line flags *ex-flags*
|
|
|
|
These flags are supported by a selection of Ex commands. They print the line
|
|
that the cursor ends up after executing the command:
|
|
|
|
l output like for |:list|
|
|
# add line number
|
|
p output like for |:print|
|
|
|
|
The flags can be combined, thus "l#" uses both a line number and |:list| style
|
|
output.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
6. Ex special characters *cmdline-special*
|
|
|
|
Note: These are special characters in the executed command line. If you want
|
|
to insert special things while typing you can use the CTRL-R command. For
|
|
example, "%" stands for the current file name, while CTRL-R % inserts the
|
|
current file name right away. See |c_CTRL-R|.
|
|
|
|
Note: If you want to avoid the special characters in a Vim script you may want
|
|
to use |fnameescape()|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In Ex commands, at places where a file name can be used, the following
|
|
characters have a special meaning. These can also be used in the expression
|
|
function expand() |expand()|.
|
|
% Is replaced with the current file name. *:_%* *c_%*
|
|
# Is replaced with the alternate file name. *:_#* *c_#*
|
|
This is remembered for every window.
|
|
#n (where n is a number) is replaced with *:_#0* *:_#n*
|
|
the file name of buffer n. "#0" is the same as "#". *c_#n*
|
|
## Is replaced with all names in the argument list *:_##* *c_##*
|
|
concatenated, separated by spaces. Each space in a name
|
|
is preceded with a backslash.
|
|
#<n (where n is a number > 0) is replaced with old *:_#<* *c_#<*
|
|
file name n. See |:oldfiles| or |v:oldfiles| to get the
|
|
number. *E809*
|
|
{only when compiled with the |+eval| and |+viminfo| features}
|
|
|
|
Note that these, except "#<n", give the file name as it was typed. If an
|
|
absolute path is needed (when using the file name from a different directory),
|
|
you need to add ":p". See |filename-modifiers|.
|
|
|
|
The "#<n" item returns an absolute path, but it will start with "~/" for files
|
|
below your home directory.
|
|
|
|
Note that backslashes are inserted before spaces, so that the command will
|
|
correctly interpret the file name. But this doesn't happen for shell
|
|
commands. For those you probably have to use quotes (this fails for files
|
|
that contain a quote and wildcards): >
|
|
:!ls "%"
|
|
:r !spell "%"
|
|
|
|
To avoid the special meaning of '%' and '#' insert a backslash before it.
|
|
Detail: The special meaning is always escaped when there is a backslash before
|
|
it, no matter how many backslashes.
|
|
you type: result ~
|
|
# alternate.file
|
|
\# #
|
|
\\# \#
|
|
|
|
*:<cword>* *:<cWORD>* *:<cfile>* *<cfile>*
|
|
*:<sfile>* *<sfile>* *:<afile>* *<afile>*
|
|
*:<abuf>* *<abuf>* *:<amatch>* *<amatch>*
|
|
*<slnum>* *E495* *E496* *E497* *E499* *E500*
|
|
Note: these are typed literally, they are not special keys!
|
|
<cword> is replaced with the word under the cursor (like |star|)
|
|
<cWORD> is replaced with the WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|)
|
|
<cfile> is replaced with the path name under the cursor (like what
|
|
|gf| uses)
|
|
<afile> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the file name
|
|
for a file read or write.
|
|
<abuf> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the currently
|
|
effective buffer number (for ":r file" and ":so file" it is
|
|
the current buffer, the file being read/sourced is not in a
|
|
buffer).
|
|
<amatch> When executing autocommands, is replaced with the match for
|
|
which this autocommand was executed. It differs from
|
|
<afile> only when the file name isn't used to match with
|
|
(for FileType, Syntax and SpellFileMissing events).
|
|
<sfile> When executing a ":source" command, is replaced with the
|
|
file name of the sourced file. *E498*
|
|
When executing a function, is replaced with
|
|
"function {function-name}"; function call nesting is
|
|
indicated like this:
|
|
"function {function-name1}..{function-name2}". Note that
|
|
filename-modifiers are useless when <sfile> is used inside
|
|
a function.
|
|
<slnum> When executing a ":source" command, is replaced with the
|
|
line number. *E842*
|
|
When executing a function it's the line number relative to
|
|
the start of the function.
|
|
|
|
*filename-modifiers*
|
|
*:_%:* *::8* *::p* *::.* *::~* *::h* *::t* *::r* *::e* *::s* *::gs* *::S*
|
|
*%:8* *%:p* *%:.* *%:~* *%:h* *%:t* *%:r* *%:e* *%:s* *%:gs* *%:S*
|
|
The file name modifiers can be used after "%", "#", "#n", "<cfile>", "<sfile>",
|
|
"<afile>" or "<abuf>". They are also used with the |fnamemodify()| function.
|
|
These are not available when Vim has been compiled without the |+modify_fname|
|
|
feature.
|
|
These modifiers can be given, in this order:
|
|
:p Make file name a full path. Must be the first modifier. Also
|
|
changes "~/" (and "~user/" for Unix) to the path for the home
|
|
directory. If the name is a directory a path separator is
|
|
added at the end. For a file name that does not exist and
|
|
does not have an absolute path the result is unpredictable.
|
|
On MS-Windows an 8.3 filename is expanded to the long name.
|
|
:8 Converts the path to 8.3 short format (currently only on
|
|
MS-Windows). Will act on as much of a path that is an
|
|
existing path.
|
|
:~ Reduce file name to be relative to the home directory, if
|
|
possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the home
|
|
directory.
|
|
:. Reduce file name to be relative to current directory, if
|
|
possible. File name is unmodified if it is not below the
|
|
current directory.
|
|
For maximum shortness, use ":~:.".
|
|
:h Head of the file name (the last component and any separators
|
|
removed). Cannot be used with :e, :r or :t.
|
|
Can be repeated to remove several components at the end.
|
|
When the file name ends in a path separator, only the path
|
|
separator is removed. Thus ":p:h" on a directory name results
|
|
on the directory name itself (without trailing slash).
|
|
When the file name is an absolute path (starts with "/" for
|
|
Unix; "x:\" for MS-DOS and WIN32), that part is not removed.
|
|
When there is no head (path is relative to current directory)
|
|
the result is empty.
|
|
:t Tail of the file name (last component of the name). Must
|
|
precede any :r or :e.
|
|
:r Root of the file name (the last extension removed). When
|
|
there is only an extension (file name that starts with '.',
|
|
e.g., ".vimrc"), it is not removed. Can be repeated to remove
|
|
several extensions (last one first).
|
|
:e Extension of the file name. Only makes sense when used alone.
|
|
When there is no extension the result is empty.
|
|
When there is only an extension (file name that starts with
|
|
'.'), the result is empty. Can be repeated to include more
|
|
extensions. If there are not enough extensions (but at least
|
|
one) as much as possible are included.
|
|
:s?pat?sub?
|
|
Substitute the first occurrence of "pat" with "sub". This
|
|
works like the |:s| command. "pat" is a regular expression.
|
|
Any character can be used for '?', but it must not occur in
|
|
"pat" or "sub".
|
|
After this, the previous modifiers can be used again. For
|
|
example ":p", to make a full path after the substitution.
|
|
:gs?pat?sub?
|
|
Substitute all occurrences of "pat" with "sub". Otherwise
|
|
this works like ":s".
|
|
:S Escape special characters for use with a shell command (see
|
|
|shellescape()|). Must be the last one. Examples: >
|
|
:!dir <cfile>:S
|
|
:call system('chmod +w -- ' . expand('%:S'))
|
|
|
|
Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c", current dir
|
|
"/home/mool/vim": >
|
|
:p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c
|
|
:p:. src/version.c
|
|
:p:~ ~/vim/src/version.c
|
|
:h src
|
|
:p:h /home/mool/vim/src
|
|
:p:h:h /home/mool/vim
|
|
:t version.c
|
|
:p:t version.c
|
|
:r src/version
|
|
:p:r /home/mool/vim/src/version
|
|
:t:r version
|
|
:e c
|
|
:s?version?main? src/main.c
|
|
:s?version?main?:p /home/mool/vim/src/main.c
|
|
:p:gs?/?\\? \home\mool\vim\src\version.c
|
|
|
|
Examples, when the file name is "src/version.c.gz": >
|
|
:p /home/mool/vim/src/version.c.gz
|
|
:e gz
|
|
:e:e c.gz
|
|
:e:e:e c.gz
|
|
:e:e:r c
|
|
:r src/version.c
|
|
:r:e c
|
|
:r:r src/version
|
|
:r:r:r src/version
|
|
<
|
|
*extension-removal* *:_%<*
|
|
If a "<" is appended to "%", "#", "#n" or "CTRL-V p" the extension of the file
|
|
name is removed (everything after and including the last '.' in the file
|
|
name). This is included for backwards compatibility with version 3.0, the
|
|
":r" form is preferred. Examples: >
|
|
|
|
% current file name
|
|
%< current file name without extension
|
|
# alternate file name for current window
|
|
#< idem, without extension
|
|
#31 alternate file number 31
|
|
#31< idem, without extension
|
|
<cword> word under the cursor
|
|
<cWORD> WORD under the cursor (see |WORD|)
|
|
<cfile> path name under the cursor
|
|
<cfile>< idem, without extension
|
|
|
|
Note: Where a file name is expected wildcards expansion is done. On Unix the
|
|
shell is used for this, unless it can be done internally (for speed).
|
|
Backticks also work, like in >
|
|
:n `echo *.c`
|
|
(backtick expansion is not possible in |restricted-mode|)
|
|
But expansion is only done if there are any wildcards before expanding the
|
|
'%', '#', etc.. This avoids expanding wildcards inside a file name. If you
|
|
want to expand the result of <cfile>, add a wildcard character to it.
|
|
Examples: (alternate file name is "?readme?")
|
|
command expands to ~
|
|
:e # :e ?readme?
|
|
:e `ls #` :e {files matching "?readme?"}
|
|
:e #.* :e {files matching "?readme?.*"}
|
|
:cd <cfile> :cd {file name under cursor}
|
|
:cd <cfile>* :cd {file name under cursor plus "*" and then expanded}
|
|
|
|
When the expanded argument contains a "!" and it is used for a shell command
|
|
(":!cmd", ":r !cmd" or ":w !cmd"), the "!" is escaped with a backslash to
|
|
avoid it being expanded into a previously used command. When the 'shell'
|
|
option contains "sh", this is done twice, to avoid the shell trying to expand
|
|
the "!".
|
|
|
|
*filename-backslash*
|
|
For filesystems that use a backslash as directory separator (MS-DOS and
|
|
Windows), it's a bit difficult to recognize a backslash that is used
|
|
to escape the special meaning of the next character. The general rule is: If
|
|
the backslash is followed by a normal file name character, it does not have a
|
|
special meaning. Therefore "\file\foo" is a valid file name, you don't have
|
|
to type the backslash twice.
|
|
|
|
An exception is the '$' sign. It is a valid character in a file name. But
|
|
to avoid a file name like "$home" to be interpreted as an environment variable,
|
|
it needs to be preceded by a backslash. Therefore you need to use "/\$home"
|
|
for the file "$home" in the root directory. A few examples:
|
|
|
|
FILE NAME INTERPRETED AS ~
|
|
$home expanded to value of environment var $home
|
|
\$home file "$home" in current directory
|
|
/\$home file "$home" in root directory
|
|
\\$home file "\\", followed by expanded $home
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
7. Command-line window *cmdline-window* *cmdwin*
|
|
*command-line-window*
|
|
In the command-line window the command line can be edited just like editing
|
|
text in any window. It is a special kind of window, because you cannot leave
|
|
it in a normal way.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist| or |+vertsplit|
|
|
feature}
|
|
|
|
|
|
OPEN *c_CTRL-F* *q:* *q/* *q?*
|
|
|
|
There are two ways to open the command-line window:
|
|
1. From Command-line mode, use the key specified with the 'cedit' option.
|
|
2. From Normal mode, use the "q:", "q/" or "q?" command.
|
|
This starts editing an Ex command-line ("q:") or search string ("q/" or
|
|
"q?"). Note that this is not possible while recording is in progress (the
|
|
"q" stops recording then).
|
|
|
|
When the window opens it is filled with the command-line history. The last
|
|
line contains the command as typed so far. The left column will show a
|
|
character that indicates the type of command-line being edited, see
|
|
|cmdwin-char|.
|
|
|
|
Vim will be in Normal mode when the editor is opened, except when 'insertmode'
|
|
is set.
|
|
|
|
The height of the window is specified with 'cmdwinheight' (or smaller if there
|
|
is no room). The window is always full width and is positioned just above the
|
|
command-line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
EDIT
|
|
|
|
You can now use commands to move around and edit the text in the window. Both
|
|
in Normal mode and Insert mode.
|
|
|
|
It is possible to use ":", "/" and other commands that use the command-line,
|
|
but it's not possible to open another command-line window then. There is no
|
|
nesting.
|
|
*E11*
|
|
The command-line window is not a normal window. It is not possible to move to
|
|
another window or edit another buffer. All commands that would do this are
|
|
disabled in the command-line window. Of course it _is_ possible to execute
|
|
any command that you entered in the command-line window. Other text edits are
|
|
discarded when closing the window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLOSE *E199*
|
|
|
|
There are several ways to leave the command-line window:
|
|
|
|
<CR> Execute the command-line under the cursor. Works both in
|
|
Insert and in Normal mode.
|
|
CTRL-C Continue in Command-line mode. The command-line under the
|
|
cursor is used as the command-line. Works both in Insert and
|
|
in Normal mode. ":close" also works. There is no redraw,
|
|
thus the window will remain visible.
|
|
:quit Discard the command line and go back to Normal mode.
|
|
":exit", ":xit" and CTRL-\ CTRL-N also work.
|
|
:qall Quit Vim, unless there are changes in some buffer.
|
|
:qall! Quit Vim, discarding changes to any buffer.
|
|
|
|
Once the command-line window is closed the old window sizes are restored. The
|
|
executed command applies to the window and buffer where the command-line was
|
|
started from. This works as if the command-line window was not there, except
|
|
that there will be an extra screen redraw.
|
|
The buffer used for the command-line window is deleted. Any changes to lines
|
|
other than the one that is executed with <CR> are lost.
|
|
|
|
If you would like to execute the command under the cursor and then have the
|
|
command-line window open again, you may find this mapping useful: >
|
|
|
|
:autocmd CmdwinEnter * map <buffer> <F5> <CR>q:
|
|
|
|
|
|
VARIOUS
|
|
|
|
The command-line window cannot be used:
|
|
- when there already is a command-line window (no nesting)
|
|
- when Vim was not compiled with the |+vertsplit| feature
|
|
|
|
Some options are set when the command-line window is opened:
|
|
'filetype' "vim", when editing an Ex command-line; this starts Vim syntax
|
|
highlighting if it was enabled
|
|
'rightleft' off
|
|
'modifiable' on
|
|
'buftype' "nofile"
|
|
'swapfile' off
|
|
|
|
It is allowed to write the buffer contents to a file. This is an easy way to
|
|
save the command-line history and read it back later.
|
|
|
|
If the 'wildchar' option is set to <Tab>, and the command-line window is used
|
|
for an Ex command, then two mappings will be added to use <Tab> for completion
|
|
in the command-line window, like this: >
|
|
:imap <buffer> <Tab> <C-X><C-V>
|
|
:nmap <buffer> <Tab> a<C-X><C-V>
|
|
Note that hitting <Tab> in Normal mode will do completion on the next
|
|
character. That way it works at the end of the line.
|
|
If you don't want these mappings, disable them with: >
|
|
au CmdwinEnter [:>] iunmap <Tab>
|
|
au CmdwinEnter [:>] nunmap <Tab>
|
|
You could put these lines in your vimrc file.
|
|
|
|
While in the command-line window you cannot use the mouse to put the cursor in
|
|
another window, or drag statuslines of other windows. You can drag the
|
|
statusline of the command-line window itself and the statusline above it.
|
|
Thus you can resize the command-line window, but not others.
|
|
|
|
The |getcmdwintype()| function returns the type of the command-line being
|
|
edited as described in |cmdwin-char|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
AUTOCOMMANDS
|
|
|
|
Two autocommand events are used: |CmdwinEnter| and |CmdwinLeave|. Since this
|
|
window is of a special type, the WinEnter, WinLeave, BufEnter and BufLeave
|
|
events are not triggered. You can use the Cmdwin events to do settings
|
|
specifically for the command-line window. Be careful not to cause side
|
|
effects!
|
|
Example: >
|
|
:au CmdwinEnter : let b:cpt_save = &cpt | set cpt=.
|
|
:au CmdwinLeave : let &cpt = b:cpt_save
|
|
This sets 'complete' to use completion in the current window for |i_CTRL-N|.
|
|
Another example: >
|
|
:au CmdwinEnter [/?] startinsert
|
|
This will make Vim start in Insert mode in the command-line window.
|
|
|
|
*cmdwin-char*
|
|
The character used for the pattern indicates the type of command-line:
|
|
: normal Ex command
|
|
> debug mode command |debug-mode|
|
|
/ forward search string
|
|
? backward search string
|
|
= expression for "= |expr-register|
|
|
@ string for |input()|
|
|
- text for |:insert| or |:append|
|
|
|
|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|