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818f7aefd2
This removes all instances of '{not in Vi}', '{Vi: ... }', etc.
We don't care about Vi compatibility, so all of these annotations are
useless in nvim. This also removed the syntax definitions for these
items.
In addition, remove instances of '{only when compiled with +feature}'
adjacent to instances of '{not in Vi}' and friends.
Helped-by: David Bürgin <676c7473@gmail.com>
Helped-by: Felipe Morales <hel.sheep@gmail.com>
closes #2535
1685 lines
67 KiB
Plaintext
1685 lines
67 KiB
Plaintext
*change.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Jun 26
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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This file describes commands that delete or change text. In this context,
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changing text means deleting the text and replacing it with other text using
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one command. You can undo all of these commands. You can repeat the non-Ex
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commands with the "." command.
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1. Deleting text |deleting|
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2. Delete and insert |delete-insert|
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3. Simple changes |simple-change| *changing*
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4. Complex changes |complex-change|
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4.1 Filter commands |filter|
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4.2 Substitute |:substitute|
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4.3 Search and replace |search-replace|
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4.4 Changing tabs |change-tabs|
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5. Copying and moving text |copy-move|
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6. Formatting text |formatting|
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7. Sorting text |sorting|
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For inserting text see |insert.txt|.
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==============================================================================
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1. Deleting text *deleting* *E470*
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["x]<Del> or *<Del>* *x* *dl*
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["x]x Delete [count] characters under and after the cursor
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[into register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as
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"dl".
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The <Del> key does not take a [count]. Instead, it
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deletes the last character of the count.
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See |'whichwrap'| for deleting a line break (join
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lines).
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*X* *dh*
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["x]X Delete [count] characters before the cursor [into
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register x] (not |linewise|). Does the same as "dh".
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Also see |'whichwrap'|.
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*d*
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["x]d{motion} Delete text that {motion} moves over [into register
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x]. See below for exceptions.
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*dd*
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["x]dd Delete [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
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*D*
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["x]D Delete the characters under the cursor until the end
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of the line and [count]-1 more lines [into register
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x]; synonym for "d$".
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(not |linewise|)
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When the '#' flag is in 'cpoptions' the count is
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ignored.
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{Visual}["x]x or *v_x* *v_d* *v_<Del>*
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{Visual}["x]d or
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{Visual}["x]<Del> Delete the highlighted text [into register x] (for
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{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
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{Visual}["x]CTRL-H or *v_CTRL-H* *v_<BS>*
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{Visual}["x]<BS> When in Select mode: Delete the highlighted text [into
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register x].
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{Visual}["x]X or *v_X* *v_D* *v_b_D*
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{Visual}["x]D Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
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{Visual} see |Visual-mode|). In Visual block mode,
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"D" deletes the highlighted text plus all text until
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the end of the line.
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*:d* *:de* *:del* *:delete* *:dl* *:dp*
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:[range]d[elete] [x] Delete [range] lines (default: current line) [into
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register x].
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Note these weird abbreviations:
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:dl delete and list
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:dell idem
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:delel idem
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:deletl idem
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:deletel idem
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:dp delete and print
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:dep idem
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:delp idem
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:delep idem
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:deletp idem
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:deletep idem
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:[range]d[elete] [x] {count}
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Delete {count} lines, starting with [range]
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(default: current line |cmdline-ranges|) [into
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register x].
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These commands delete text. You can repeat them with the `.` command
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(except `:d`) and undo them. Use Visual mode to delete blocks of text. See
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|registers| for an explanation of registers.
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An exception for the d{motion} command: If the motion is not linewise, the
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start and end of the motion are not in the same line, and there are only
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blanks before the start and after the end of the motion, the delete becomes
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linewise. This means that the delete also removes the line of blanks that you
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might expect to remain. Use the |o_v| operator to force the motion to be
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characterwise.
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Trying to delete an empty region of text (e.g., "d0" in the first column)
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is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag.
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*J*
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J Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
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Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces (see
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below).
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*v_J*
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{Visual}J Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
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lines. Remove the indent and insert up to two spaces
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(see below).
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*gJ*
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gJ Join [count] lines, with a minimum of two lines.
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Don't insert or remove any spaces.
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*v_gJ*
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{Visual}gJ Join the highlighted lines, with a minimum of two
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lines. Don't insert or remove any spaces.
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*:j* *:join*
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:[range]j[oin][!] [flags]
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Join [range] lines. Same as "J", except with [!]
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the join does not insert or delete any spaces.
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If a [range] has equal start and end values, this
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command does nothing. The default behavior is to
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join the current line with the line below it.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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:[range]j[oin][!] {count} [flags]
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Join {count} lines, starting with [range] (default:
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current line |cmdline-ranges|). Same as "J", except
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with [!] the join does not insert or delete any
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spaces.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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These commands delete the <EOL> between lines. This has the effect of joining
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multiple lines into one line. You can repeat these commands (except `:j`) and
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undo them.
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These commands, except "gJ", insert one space in place of the <EOL> unless
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there is trailing white space or the next line starts with a ')'. These
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commands, except "gJ", delete any leading white space on the next line. If
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the 'joinspaces' option is on, these commands insert two spaces after a '.',
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'!' or '?' (but if 'cpoptions' includes the 'j' flag, they insert two spaces
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only after a '.').
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The 'B' and 'M' flags in 'formatoptions' change the behavior for inserting
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spaces before and after a multi-byte character |fo-table|.
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The '[ mark is set at the end of the first line that was joined, '] at the end
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of the resulting line.
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==============================================================================
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2. Delete and insert *delete-insert* *replacing*
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*R*
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R Enter Replace mode: Each character you type replaces
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an existing character, starting with the character
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under the cursor. Repeat the entered text [count]-1
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times. See |Replace-mode| for more details.
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*gR*
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gR Enter Virtual Replace mode: Each character you type
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replaces existing characters in screen space. So a
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<Tab> may replace several characters at once.
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Repeat the entered text [count]-1 times. See
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|Virtual-Replace-mode| for more details.
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{not available when compiled without the |+vreplace|
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feature}
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*c*
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["x]c{motion} Delete {motion} text [into register x] and start
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insert. When 'cpoptions' includes the 'E' flag and
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there is no text to delete (e.g., with "cTx" when the
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cursor is just after an 'x'), an error occurs and
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insert mode does not start (this is Vi compatible).
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When 'cpoptions' does not include the 'E' flag, the
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"c" command always starts insert mode, even if there
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is no text to delete.
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*cc*
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["x]cc Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
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insert |linewise|. If 'autoindent' is on, preserve
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the indent of the first line.
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*C*
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["x]C Delete from the cursor position to the end of the
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line and [count]-1 more lines [into register x], and
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start insert. Synonym for c$ (not |linewise|).
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*s*
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["x]s Delete [count] characters [into register x] and start
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insert (s stands for Substitute). Synonym for "cl"
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(not |linewise|).
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*S*
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["x]S Delete [count] lines [into register x] and start
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insert. Synonym for "cc" |linewise|.
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{Visual}["x]c or *v_c* *v_s*
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{Visual}["x]s Delete the highlighted text [into register x] and
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start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
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*v_r*
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{Visual}["x]r{char} Replace all selected characters by {char}.
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*v_C*
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{Visual}["x]C Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
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start insert. In Visual block mode it works
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differently |v_b_C|.
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*v_S*
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{Visual}["x]S Delete the highlighted lines [into register x] and
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start insert (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
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*v_R*
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{Visual}["x]R Currently just like {Visual}["x]S. In a next version
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it might work differently.
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Notes:
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- You can end Insert and Replace mode with <Esc>.
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- See the section "Insert and Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl| for the other
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special characters in these modes.
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- The effect of [count] takes place after Vim exits Insert or Replace mode.
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- When the 'cpoptions' option contains '$' and the change is within one line,
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Vim continues to show the text to be deleted and puts a '$' at the last
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deleted character.
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See |registers| for an explanation of registers.
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Replace mode is just like Insert mode, except that every character you enter
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deletes one character. If you reach the end of a line, Vim appends any
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further characters (just like Insert mode). In Replace mode, the backspace
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key restores the original text (if there was any). (See section "Insert and
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Replace mode" |mode-ins-repl|).
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*cw* *cW*
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Special case: When the cursor is in a word, "cw" and "cW" do not include the
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white space after a word, they only change up to the end of the word. This is
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because Vim interprets "cw" as change-word, and a word does not include the
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following white space.
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If you prefer "cw" to include the space after a word, use this mapping: >
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:map cw dwi
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Or use "caw" (see |aw|).
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*:c* *:ch* *:change*
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:{range}c[hange][!] Replace lines of text with some different text.
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Type a line containing only "." to stop replacing.
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Without {range}, this command changes only the current
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line.
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Adding [!] toggles 'autoindent' for the time this
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command is executed.
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==============================================================================
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3. Simple changes *simple-change*
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*r*
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r{char} Replace the character under the cursor with {char}.
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If {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, a line break replaces the
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character. To replace with a real <CR>, use CTRL-V
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<CR>. CTRL-V <NL> replaces with a <Nul>.
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If {char} is CTRL-E or CTRL-Y the character from the
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line below or above is used, just like with |i_CTRL-E|
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and |i_CTRL-Y|. This also works with a count, thus
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`10r<C-E>` copies 10 characters from the line below.
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If you give a [count], Vim replaces [count] characters
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with [count] {char}s. When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>,
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however, Vim inserts only one <CR>: "5r<CR>" replaces
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five characters with a single line break.
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When {char} is a <CR> or <NL>, Vim performs
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autoindenting. This works just like deleting the
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characters that are replaced and then doing
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"i<CR><Esc>".
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{char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
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|:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
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in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
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|i_CTRL-^|. See |utf-8-char-arg| about using
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composing characters when 'encoding' is Unicode.
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*gr*
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gr{char} Replace the virtual characters under the cursor with
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{char}. This replaces in screen space, not file
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space. See |gR| and |Virtual-Replace-mode| for more
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details. As with |r| a count may be given.
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{char} can be entered like with |r|.
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{not available when compiled without the |+vreplace|
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feature}
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*digraph-arg*
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The argument for Normal mode commands like |r| and |t| is a single character.
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When 'cpo' doesn't contain the 'D' flag, this character can also be entered
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like |digraphs|. First type CTRL-K and then the two digraph characters.
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{not available when compiled without the |+digraphs| feature}
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*case*
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The following commands change the case of letters. The currently active
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|locale| is used. See |:language|. The LC_CTYPE value matters here.
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*~*
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~ 'notildeop' option: Switch case of the character
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under the cursor and move the cursor to the right.
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If a [count] is given, do that many characters.
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~{motion} 'tildeop' option: switch case of {motion} text.
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*g~*
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g~{motion} Switch case of {motion} text.
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g~g~ *g~g~* *g~~*
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g~~ Switch case of current line.
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*v_~*
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{Visual}~ Switch case of highlighted text (for {Visual} see
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|Visual-mode|).
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*v_U*
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{Visual}U Make highlighted text uppercase (for {Visual} see
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|Visual-mode|).
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*gU* *uppercase*
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gU{motion} Make {motion} text uppercase.
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Example: >
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:map! <C-F> <Esc>gUiw`]a
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< This works in Insert mode: press CTRL-F to make the
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word before the cursor uppercase. Handy to type
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words in lowercase and then make them uppercase.
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gUgU *gUgU* *gUU*
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gUU Make current line uppercase.
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*v_u*
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{Visual}u Make highlighted text lowercase (for {Visual} see
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|Visual-mode|).
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*gu* *lowercase*
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gu{motion} Make {motion} text lowercase.
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gugu *gugu* *guu*
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guu Make current line lowercase.
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*g?* *rot13*
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g?{motion} Rot13 encode {motion} text.
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*v_g?*
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{Visual}g? Rot13 encode the highlighted text (for {Visual} see
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|Visual-mode|).
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g?g? *g?g?* *g??*
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g?? Rot13 encode current line.
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To turn one line into title caps, make every first letter of a word
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uppercase: >
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:s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g
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Adding and subtracting ~
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*CTRL-A*
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CTRL-A Add [count] to the number or alphabetic character at
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or after the cursor.
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*CTRL-X*
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CTRL-X Subtract [count] from the number or alphabetic
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character at or after the cursor.
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The CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands work for (signed) decimal numbers, unsigned
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octal and hexadecimal numbers and alphabetic characters. This depends on the
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'nrformats' option.
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- When 'nrformats' includes "octal", Vim considers numbers starting with a '0'
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to be octal, unless the number includes a '8' or '9'. Other numbers are
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decimal and may have a preceding minus sign.
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If the cursor is on a number, the commands apply to that number; otherwise
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Vim uses the number to the right of the cursor.
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- When 'nrformats' includes "hex", Vim assumes numbers starting with '0x' or
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'0X' are hexadecimal. The case of the rightmost letter in the number
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determines the case of the resulting hexadecimal number. If there is no
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letter in the current number, Vim uses the previously detected case.
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- When 'nrformats' includes "alpha", Vim will change the alphabetic character
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under or after the cursor. This is useful to make lists with an alphabetic
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index.
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For numbers with leading zeros (including all octal and hexadecimal numbers),
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Vim preserves the number of characters in the number when possible. CTRL-A on
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"0077" results in "0100", CTRL-X on "0x100" results in "0x0ff".
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There is one exception: When a number that starts with a zero is found not to
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be octal (it contains a '8' or '9'), but 'nrformats' does include "octal",
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leading zeros are removed to avoid that the result may be recognized as an
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octal number.
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Note that when 'nrformats' includes "octal", decimal numbers with leading
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zeros cause mistakes, because they can be confused with octal numbers.
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The CTRL-A command is very useful in a macro. Example: Use the following
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steps to make a numbered list.
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1. Create the first list entry, make sure it starts with a number.
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2. qa - start recording into register 'a'
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3. Y - yank the entry
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4. p - put a copy of the entry below the first one
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5. CTRL-A - increment the number
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6. q - stop recording
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7. <count>@a - repeat the yank, put and increment <count> times
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SHIFTING LINES LEFT OR RIGHT *shift-left-right*
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*<*
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<{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
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*<<*
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<< Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' leftwards.
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*v_<*
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{Visual}[count]< Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
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leftwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
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*>*
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>{motion} Shift {motion} lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
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*>>*
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>> Shift [count] lines one 'shiftwidth' rightwards.
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*v_>*
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{Visual}[count]> Shift the highlighted lines [count] 'shiftwidth'
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rightwards (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
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*:<*
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:[range]< Shift [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' left. Repeat '<'
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for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
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:[range]< {count} Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' left, starting
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with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
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Repeat '<' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
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:[range]le[ft] [indent] left align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
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lines to [indent] (default 0).
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*:>*
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:[range]> [flags] Shift {count} [range] lines one 'shiftwidth' right.
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Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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:[range]> {count} [flags]
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Shift {count} lines one 'shiftwidth' right, starting
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with [range] (default current line |cmdline-ranges|).
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Repeat '>' for shifting multiple 'shiftwidth's.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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The ">" and "<" commands are handy for changing the indentation within
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programs. Use the 'shiftwidth' option to set the size of the white space
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which these commands insert or delete. Normally the 'shiftwidth' option is 8,
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but you can set it to, say, 3 to make smaller indents. The shift leftwards
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stops when there is no indent. The shift right does not affect empty lines.
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If the 'shiftround' option is on, the indent is rounded to a multiple of
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'shiftwidth'.
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If the 'smartindent' option is on, or 'cindent' is on and 'cinkeys' contains
|
|
'#' with a zero value, shift right does not affect lines starting with '#'
|
|
(these are supposed to be C preprocessor lines that must stay in column 1).
|
|
|
|
When the 'expandtab' option is off (this is the default) Vim uses <Tab>s as
|
|
much as possible to make the indent. You can use ">><<" to replace an indent
|
|
made out of spaces with the same indent made out of <Tab>s (and a few spaces
|
|
if necessary). If the 'expandtab' option is on, Vim uses only spaces. Then
|
|
you can use ">><<" to replace <Tab>s in the indent by spaces (or use
|
|
`:retab!`).
|
|
|
|
To move a line several 'shiftwidth's, use Visual mode or the `:` commands.
|
|
For example: >
|
|
Vjj4> move three lines 4 indents to the right
|
|
:<<< move current line 3 indents to the left
|
|
:>> 5 move 5 lines 2 indents to the right
|
|
:5>> move line 5 2 indents to the right
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
4. Complex changes *complex-change*
|
|
|
|
4.1 Filter commands *filter*
|
|
|
|
A filter is a program that accepts text at standard input, changes it in some
|
|
way, and sends it to standard output. You can use the commands below to send
|
|
some text through a filter, so that it is replaced by the filter output.
|
|
Examples of filters are "sort", which sorts lines alphabetically, and
|
|
"indent", which formats C program files (you need a version of indent that
|
|
works like a filter; not all versions do). The 'shell' option specifies the
|
|
shell Vim uses to execute the filter command. You can repeat filter commands
|
|
with ".". Vim does not recognize a comment (starting with '"') after the
|
|
`:!` command.
|
|
|
|
*!*
|
|
!{motion}{filter} Filter {motion} text lines through the external
|
|
program {filter}.
|
|
|
|
*!!*
|
|
!!{filter} Filter [count] lines through the external program
|
|
{filter}.
|
|
|
|
*v_!*
|
|
{Visual}!{filter} Filter the highlighted lines through the external
|
|
program {filter} (for {Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
|
:{range}![!]{filter} [!][arg] *:range!*
|
|
Filter {range} lines through the external program
|
|
{filter}. Vim replaces the optional bangs with the
|
|
latest given command and appends the optional [arg].
|
|
Vim saves the output of the filter command in a
|
|
temporary file and then reads the file into the buffer
|
|
|tempfile|. Vim uses the 'shellredir' option to
|
|
redirect the filter output to the temporary file.
|
|
However, if the 'shelltemp' option is off then pipes
|
|
are used when possible (on Unix).
|
|
When the 'R' flag is included in 'cpoptions' marks in
|
|
the filtered lines are deleted, unless the
|
|
|:keepmarks| command is used. Example: >
|
|
:keepmarks '<,'>!sort
|
|
< When the number of lines after filtering is less than
|
|
before, marks in the missing lines are deleted anyway.
|
|
|
|
*=*
|
|
={motion} Filter {motion} lines through the external program
|
|
given with the 'equalprg' option. When the 'equalprg'
|
|
option is empty (this is the default), use the
|
|
internal formatting function |C-indenting| and
|
|
|'lisp'|. But when 'indentexpr' is not empty, it will
|
|
be used instead |indent-expression|. When Vim was
|
|
compiled without internal formatting then the "indent"
|
|
program is used as a last resort.
|
|
|
|
*==*
|
|
== Filter [count] lines like with ={motion}.
|
|
|
|
*v_=*
|
|
{Visual}= Filter the highlighted lines like with ={motion}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
*tempfile* *setuid*
|
|
Vim uses temporary files for filtering, generating diffs and also for
|
|
tempname(). For Unix, the file will be in a private directory (only
|
|
accessible by the current user) to avoid security problems (e.g., a symlink
|
|
attack or other people reading your file). When Vim exits the directory and
|
|
all files in it are deleted. When Vim has the setuid bit set this may cause
|
|
problems, the temp file is owned by the setuid user but the filter command
|
|
probably runs as the original user.
|
|
Directory for temporary files is created in the first suitable directory of:
|
|
For Unix: $TMPDIR, /tmp, current-dir, $HOME.
|
|
For MS-Windows: $TMP, $TEMP, $USERPROFILE, current-dir.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 Substitute *:substitute*
|
|
*:s* *:su*
|
|
:[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] [count]
|
|
For each line in [range] replace a match of {pattern}
|
|
with {string}.
|
|
For the {pattern} see |pattern|.
|
|
{string} can be a literal string, or something
|
|
special; see |sub-replace-special|.
|
|
When [range] and [count] are omitted, replace in the
|
|
current line only.
|
|
When [count] is given, replace in [count] lines,
|
|
starting with the last line in [range]. When [range]
|
|
is omitted start in the current line.
|
|
Also see |cmdline-ranges|.
|
|
See |:s_flags| for [flags].
|
|
|
|
:[range]s[ubstitute] [flags] [count]
|
|
:[range]&[&][flags] [count] *:&*
|
|
Repeat last :substitute with same search pattern and
|
|
substitute string, but without the same flags. You
|
|
may add [flags], see |:s_flags|.
|
|
Note that after `:substitute` the '&' flag can't be
|
|
used, it's recognized as a pattern separator.
|
|
The space between `:substitute` and the 'c', 'g' and
|
|
'r' flags isn't required, but in scripts it's a good
|
|
idea to keep it to avoid confusion.
|
|
|
|
:[range]~[&][flags] [count] *:~*
|
|
Repeat last substitute with same substitute string
|
|
but with last used search pattern. This is like
|
|
`:&r`. See |:s_flags| for [flags].
|
|
|
|
*&*
|
|
& Synonym for `:s` (repeat last substitute). Note
|
|
that the flags are not remembered, thus it might
|
|
actually work differently. You can use `:&&` to keep
|
|
the flags.
|
|
|
|
*g&*
|
|
g& Synonym for `:%s//~/&` (repeat last substitute with
|
|
last search pattern on all lines with the same flags).
|
|
For example, when you first do a substitution with
|
|
`:s/pattern/repl/flags` and then `/search` for
|
|
something else, `g&` will do `:%s/search/repl/flags`.
|
|
Mnemonic: global substitute.
|
|
|
|
*:snomagic* *:sno*
|
|
:[range]sno[magic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'nomagic'.
|
|
|
|
*:smagic* *:sm*
|
|
:[range]sm[agic] ... Same as `:substitute`, but always use 'magic'.
|
|
|
|
*:s_flags*
|
|
The flags that you can use for the substitute commands:
|
|
|
|
[&] Must be the first one: Keep the flags from the previous substitute
|
|
command. Examples: >
|
|
:&&
|
|
:s/this/that/&
|
|
< Note that `:s` and `:&` don't keep the flags.
|
|
|
|
[c] Confirm each substitution. Vim highlights the matching string (with
|
|
|hl-IncSearch|). You can type: *:s_c*
|
|
'y' to substitute this match
|
|
'l' to substitute this match and then quit ("last")
|
|
'n' to skip this match
|
|
<Esc> to quit substituting
|
|
'a' to substitute this and all remaining matches
|
|
'q' to quit substituting
|
|
CTRL-E to scroll the screen up
|
|
CTRL-Y to scroll the screen down
|
|
|
|
[e] When the search pattern fails, do not issue an error message and, in
|
|
particular, continue in maps as if no error occurred. This is most
|
|
useful to prevent the "No match" error from breaking a mapping. Vim
|
|
does not suppress the following error messages, however:
|
|
Regular expressions can't be delimited by letters
|
|
\ should be followed by /, ? or &
|
|
No previous substitute regular expression
|
|
Trailing characters
|
|
Interrupted
|
|
|
|
[g] Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this argument,
|
|
replacement occurs only for the first occurrence in each line. If the
|
|
'gdefault' option is on, this flag is on by default and the [g]
|
|
argument switches it off.
|
|
|
|
[i] Ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase' options
|
|
are not used.
|
|
|
|
[I] Don't ignore case for the pattern. The 'ignorecase' and 'smartcase'
|
|
options are not used.
|
|
|
|
[n] Report the number of matches, do not actually substitute. The [c]
|
|
flag is ignored. The matches are reported as if 'report' is zero.
|
|
Useful to |count-items|.
|
|
If \= |sub-replace-expression| is used, the expression will be
|
|
evaluated in the |sandbox| at every match.
|
|
|
|
[p] Print the line containing the last substitute.
|
|
|
|
[#] Like [p] and prepend the line number.
|
|
|
|
[l] Like [p] but print the text like |:list|.
|
|
|
|
[r] Only useful in combination with `:&` or `:s` without arguments. `:&r`
|
|
works the same way as `:~`: When the search pattern is empty, use the
|
|
previously used search pattern instead of the search pattern from the
|
|
last substitute or `:global`. If the last command that did a search
|
|
was a substitute or `:global`, there is no effect. If the last
|
|
command was a search command such as "/", use the pattern from that
|
|
command.
|
|
For `:s` with an argument this already happens: >
|
|
:s/blue/red/
|
|
/green
|
|
:s//red/ or :~ or :&r
|
|
< The last commands will replace "green" with "red". >
|
|
:s/blue/red/
|
|
/green
|
|
:&
|
|
< The last command will replace "blue" with "red".
|
|
|
|
Note that there is no flag to change the "magicness" of the pattern. A
|
|
different command is used instead, or you can use |/\v| and friends. The
|
|
reason is that the flags can only be found by skipping the pattern, and in
|
|
order to skip the pattern the "magicness" must be known. Catch 22!
|
|
|
|
If the {pattern} for the substitute command is empty, the command uses the
|
|
pattern from the last substitute or `:global` command. If there is none, but
|
|
there is a previous search pattern, that one is used. With the [r] flag, the
|
|
command uses the pattern from the last substitute, `:global`, or search
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
If the {string} is omitted the substitute is done as if it's empty. Thus the
|
|
matched pattern is deleted. The separator after {pattern} can also be left
|
|
out then. Example: >
|
|
:%s/TESTING
|
|
This deletes "TESTING" from all lines, but only one per line.
|
|
|
|
For compatibility with Vi these two exceptions are allowed:
|
|
"\/{string}/" and "\?{string}?" do the same as "//{string}/r".
|
|
"\&{string}&" does the same as "//{string}/".
|
|
*E146*
|
|
Instead of the '/' which surrounds the pattern and replacement string, you
|
|
can use any other single-byte character, but not an alphanumeric character,
|
|
'\', '"' or '|'. This is useful if you want to include a '/' in the search
|
|
pattern or replacement string. Example: >
|
|
:s+/+//+
|
|
|
|
For the definition of a pattern, see |pattern|. In Visual block mode, use
|
|
|/\%V| in the pattern to have the substitute work in the block only.
|
|
Otherwise it works on whole lines anyway.
|
|
|
|
*sub-replace-special* *:s\=*
|
|
When the {string} starts with "\=" it is evaluated as an expression, see
|
|
|sub-replace-expression|. You can use that for complex replacement or special
|
|
characters.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise these characters in {string} have a special meaning:
|
|
*:s%*
|
|
When {string} is equal to "%" and '/' is included with the 'cpoptions' option,
|
|
then the {string} of the previous substitute command is used, see |cpo-/|
|
|
|
|
magic nomagic action ~
|
|
& \& replaced with the whole matched pattern *s/\&*
|
|
\& & replaced with &
|
|
\0 replaced with the whole matched pattern *\0* *s/\0*
|
|
\1 replaced with the matched pattern in the first
|
|
pair of () *s/\1*
|
|
\2 replaced with the matched pattern in the second
|
|
pair of () *s/\2*
|
|
.. .. *s/\3*
|
|
\9 replaced with the matched pattern in the ninth
|
|
pair of () *s/\9*
|
|
~ \~ replaced with the {string} of the previous
|
|
substitute *s~*
|
|
\~ ~ replaced with ~ *s/\~*
|
|
\u next character made uppercase *s/\u*
|
|
\U following characters made uppercase, until \E *s/\U*
|
|
\l next character made lowercase *s/\l*
|
|
\L following characters made lowercase, until \E *s/\L*
|
|
\e end of \u, \U, \l and \L (NOTE: not <Esc>!) *s/\e*
|
|
\E end of \u, \U, \l and \L *s/\E*
|
|
<CR> split line in two at this point
|
|
(Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s<CR>*
|
|
\r idem *s/\r*
|
|
\<CR> insert a carriage-return (CTRL-M)
|
|
(Type the <CR> as CTRL-V <Enter>) *s/\<CR>*
|
|
\n insert a <NL> (<NUL> in the file)
|
|
(does NOT break the line) *s/\n*
|
|
\b insert a <BS> *s/\b*
|
|
\t insert a <Tab> *s/\t*
|
|
\\ insert a single backslash *s/\\*
|
|
\x where x is any character not mentioned above:
|
|
Reserved for future expansion
|
|
|
|
The special meaning is also used inside the third argument {sub} of
|
|
the |substitute()| function with the following exceptions:
|
|
- A % inserts a percent literally without regard to 'cpoptions'.
|
|
- magic is always set without regard to 'magic'.
|
|
- A ~ inserts a tilde literally.
|
|
- <CR> and \r inserts a carriage-return (CTRL-M).
|
|
- \<CR> does not have a special meaning. it's just one of \x.
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
:s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g modifies "a b" to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
|
|
:s/\([abc]\)\([efg]\)/\2\1/g modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
|
|
:s/abcde/abc^Mde/ modifies "abcde" to "abc", "de" (two lines)
|
|
:s/$/\^M/ modifies "abcde" to "abcde^M"
|
|
:s/\w\+/\u\0/g modifies "bla bla" to "Bla Bla"
|
|
:s/\w\+/\L\u/g modifies "BLA bla" to "Bla Bla"
|
|
|
|
Note: "\L\u" can be used to capitalize the first letter of a word. This is
|
|
not compatible with Vi and older versions of Vim, where the "\u" would cancel
|
|
out the "\L". Same for "\U\l".
|
|
|
|
Note: In previous versions CTRL-V was handled in a special way. Since this is
|
|
not Vi compatible, this was removed. Use a backslash instead.
|
|
|
|
command text result ~
|
|
:s/aa/a^Ma/ aa a<line-break>a
|
|
:s/aa/a\^Ma/ aa a^Ma
|
|
:s/aa/a\\^Ma/ aa a\<line-break>a
|
|
|
|
(you need to type CTRL-V <CR> to get a ^M here)
|
|
|
|
The numbering of "\1", "\2" etc. is done based on which "\(" comes first in
|
|
the pattern (going left to right). When a parentheses group matches several
|
|
times, the last one will be used for "\1", "\2", etc. Example: >
|
|
:s/\(\(a[a-d] \)*\)/\2/ modifies "aa ab x" to "ab x"
|
|
|
|
When using parentheses in combination with '|', like in \([ab]\)\|\([cd]\),
|
|
either the first or second pattern in parentheses did not match, so either
|
|
\1 or \2 is empty. Example: >
|
|
:s/\([ab]\)\|\([cd]\)/\1x/g modifies "a b c d" to "ax bx x x"
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
Substitute with an expression *sub-replace-expression*
|
|
*sub-replace-\=* *s/\=*
|
|
When the substitute string starts with "\=" the remainder is interpreted as an
|
|
expression. This does not work recursively: a |substitute()| function inside
|
|
the expression cannot use "\=" for the substitute string.
|
|
|
|
The special meaning for characters as mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does
|
|
not apply except for "<CR>". A <NL> character is used as a line break, you
|
|
can get one with a double-quote string: "\n". Prepend a backslash to get a
|
|
real <NL> character (which will be a NUL in the file).
|
|
|
|
The "\=" notation can also be used inside the third argument {sub} of
|
|
|substitute()| function. In this case, the special meaning for characters as
|
|
mentioned at |sub-replace-special| does not apply at all. Especially, <CR> and
|
|
<NL> are interpreted not as a line break but as a carriage-return and a
|
|
new-line respectively.
|
|
|
|
When the result is a |List| then the items are joined with separating line
|
|
breaks. Thus each item becomes a line, except that they can contain line
|
|
breaks themselves.
|
|
|
|
The whole matched text can be accessed with "submatch(0)". The text matched
|
|
with the first pair of () with "submatch(1)". Likewise for further
|
|
sub-matches in ().
|
|
|
|
Be careful: The separation character must not appear in the expression!
|
|
Consider using a character like "@" or ":". There is no problem if the result
|
|
of the expression contains the separation character.
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
:s@\n@\="\r" . expand("$HOME") . "\r"@
|
|
This replaces an end-of-line with a new line containing the value of $HOME. >
|
|
|
|
s/E/\="\<Char-0x20ac>"/g
|
|
This replaces each 'E' character with a euro sign. Read more in |<Char->|.
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 Search and replace *search-replace*
|
|
|
|
*:pro* *:promptfind*
|
|
:promptf[ind] [string]
|
|
Put up a Search dialog. When [string] is given, it is
|
|
used as the initial search string.
|
|
{only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
|
|
|
|
*:promptr* *:promptrepl*
|
|
:promptr[epl] [string]
|
|
Put up a Search/Replace dialog. When [string] is
|
|
given, it is used as the initial search string.
|
|
{only for Win32, Motif and GTK GUI}
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.4 Changing tabs *change-tabs*
|
|
*:ret* *:retab* *:retab!*
|
|
:[range]ret[ab][!] [new_tabstop]
|
|
Replace all sequences of white-space containing a
|
|
<Tab> with new strings of white-space using the new
|
|
tabstop value given. If you do not specify a new
|
|
tabstop size or it is zero, Vim uses the current value
|
|
of 'tabstop'.
|
|
The current value of 'tabstop' is always used to
|
|
compute the width of existing tabs.
|
|
With !, Vim also replaces strings of only normal
|
|
spaces with tabs where appropriate.
|
|
With 'expandtab' on, Vim replaces all tabs with the
|
|
appropriate number of spaces.
|
|
This command sets 'tabstop' to the new value given,
|
|
and if performed on the whole file, which is default,
|
|
should not make any visible change.
|
|
Careful: This command modifies any <Tab> characters
|
|
inside of strings in a C program. Use "\t" to avoid
|
|
this (that's a good habit anyway).
|
|
`:retab!` may also change a sequence of spaces by
|
|
<Tab> characters, which can mess up a printf().
|
|
Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
compile time.
|
|
|
|
*retab-example*
|
|
Example for using autocommands and ":retab" to edit a file which is stored
|
|
with tabstops at 8 but edited with tabstops set at 4. Warning: white space
|
|
inside of strings can change! Also see 'softtabstop' option. >
|
|
|
|
:auto BufReadPost *.xx retab! 4
|
|
:auto BufWritePre *.xx retab! 8
|
|
:auto BufWritePost *.xx retab! 4
|
|
:auto BufNewFile *.xx set ts=4
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
5. Copying and moving text *copy-move*
|
|
|
|
*quote*
|
|
"{a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} Use register {a-zA-Z0-9.%#:-"} for next delete, yank
|
|
or put (use uppercase character to append with
|
|
delete and yank) ({.%#:} only work with put).
|
|
|
|
*:reg* *:registers*
|
|
:reg[isters] Display the contents of all numbered and named
|
|
registers. If a register is written to for |:redir|
|
|
it will not be listed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
:reg[isters] {arg} Display the contents of the numbered and named
|
|
registers that are mentioned in {arg}. For example: >
|
|
:dis 1a
|
|
< to display registers '1' and 'a'. Spaces are allowed
|
|
in {arg}.
|
|
|
|
*:di* *:display*
|
|
:di[splay] [arg] Same as :registers.
|
|
|
|
*y* *yank*
|
|
["x]y{motion} Yank {motion} text [into register x]. When no
|
|
characters are to be yanked (e.g., "y0" in column 1),
|
|
this is an error when 'cpoptions' includes the 'E'
|
|
flag.
|
|
|
|
*yy*
|
|
["x]yy Yank [count] lines [into register x] |linewise|.
|
|
|
|
*Y*
|
|
["x]Y yank [count] lines [into register x] (synonym for
|
|
yy, |linewise|). If you like "Y" to work from the
|
|
cursor to the end of line (which is more logical,
|
|
but not Vi-compatible) use ":map Y y$".
|
|
|
|
*v_y*
|
|
{Visual}["x]y Yank the highlighted text [into register x] (for
|
|
{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
|
*v_Y*
|
|
{Visual}["x]Y Yank the highlighted lines [into register x] (for
|
|
{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
|
*:y* *:yank* *E850*
|
|
:[range]y[ank] [x] Yank [range] lines [into register x]. Yanking to the
|
|
"* or "+ registers is possible only when the
|
|
|+clipboard| feature is included.
|
|
|
|
:[range]y[ank] [x] {count}
|
|
Yank {count} lines, starting with last line number
|
|
in [range] (default: current line |cmdline-ranges|),
|
|
[into register x].
|
|
|
|
*p* *put* *E353*
|
|
["x]p Put the text [from register x] after the cursor
|
|
[count] times.
|
|
|
|
*P*
|
|
["x]P Put the text [from register x] before the cursor
|
|
[count] times.
|
|
|
|
*<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
["x]<MiddleMouse> Put the text from a register before the cursor [count]
|
|
times. Uses the "* register, unless another is
|
|
specified.
|
|
Leaves the cursor at the end of the new text.
|
|
Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
or 'a'.
|
|
If you have a scrollwheel and often accidentally paste
|
|
text, you can use these mappings to disable the
|
|
pasting with the middle mouse button: >
|
|
:map <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
|
|
:imap <MiddleMouse> <Nop>
|
|
< You might want to disable the multi-click versions
|
|
too, see |double-click|.
|
|
|
|
*gp*
|
|
["x]gp Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new
|
|
text.
|
|
|
|
*gP*
|
|
["x]gP Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new
|
|
text.
|
|
|
|
*:pu* *:put*
|
|
:[line]pu[t] [x] Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default
|
|
current line). This always works |linewise|, thus
|
|
this command can be used to put a yanked block as new
|
|
lines.
|
|
If no register is specified, it depends on the 'cb'
|
|
option: If 'cb' contains "unnamedplus", paste from the
|
|
+ register |quoteplus|. Otherwise, if 'cb' contains
|
|
"unnamed", paste from the * register |quotestar|.
|
|
Otherwise, paste from the unnamed register
|
|
|quote_quote|.
|
|
The register can also be '=' followed by an optional
|
|
expression. The expression continues until the end of
|
|
the command. You need to escape the '|' and '"'
|
|
characters to prevent them from terminating the
|
|
command. Example: >
|
|
:put ='path' . \",/test\"
|
|
< If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the
|
|
previous expression. You can see it with ":dis =".
|
|
|
|
:[line]pu[t]! [x] Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default
|
|
current line).
|
|
|
|
["x]]p or *]p* *]<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
["x]]<MiddleMouse> Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line.
|
|
Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
or 'a'.
|
|
|
|
["x][P or *[P*
|
|
["x]]P or *]P*
|
|
["x][p or *[p* *[<MiddleMouse>*
|
|
["x][<MiddleMouse> Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line.
|
|
Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
|
|
or 'a'.
|
|
|
|
You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another. Do this
|
|
by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change
|
|
command, then inserting the register contents with a put command. You can
|
|
also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim
|
|
preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick
|
|
way to toggle between two files).
|
|
|
|
*linewise-register* *characterwise-register*
|
|
You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them. If
|
|
the command that was used to get the text into the register was |linewise|,
|
|
Vim inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is.
|
|
Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor. With
|
|
the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line. You can
|
|
exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp". You can exchange two
|
|
lines with the command sequence "ddp". You can exchange two words with the
|
|
command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the
|
|
first word). You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to
|
|
move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move
|
|
the cursor to the start.
|
|
|
|
*put-Visual-mode* *v_p* *v_P*
|
|
When using a put command like |p| or |P| in Visual mode, Vim will try to
|
|
replace the selected text with the contents of the register. Whether this
|
|
works well depends on the type of selection and the type of the text in the
|
|
register. With blockwise selection it also depends on the size of the block
|
|
and whether the corners are on an existing character. (Implementation detail:
|
|
it actually works by first putting the register after the selection and then
|
|
deleting the selection.)
|
|
The previously selected text is put in the unnamed register. If you want to
|
|
put the same text into a Visual selection several times you need to use
|
|
another register. E.g., yank the text to copy, Visually select the text to
|
|
replace and use "0p . You can repeat this as many times as you like, the
|
|
unnamed register will be changed each time.
|
|
|
|
When you use a blockwise Visual mode command and yank only a single line into
|
|
a register, a paste on a visual selected area will paste that single line on
|
|
each of the selected lines (thus replacing the blockwise selected region by a
|
|
block of the pasted line).
|
|
|
|
*blockwise-register*
|
|
If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register,
|
|
the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor
|
|
column in the current and next lines. Vim makes the whole block of text start
|
|
in the same column. Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was
|
|
yanked or deleted. Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make
|
|
this happen. However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab>
|
|
width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be
|
|
misaligned.
|
|
|
|
Note that after a characterwise yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the
|
|
first yanked character that is closest to the start of the buffer. This means
|
|
that "yl" doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character
|
|
left.
|
|
Rationale: In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would
|
|
sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character,
|
|
because redisplaying was skipped. In Vim it always moves to
|
|
the first character, as specified by Posix.
|
|
With a linewise yank command the cursor is put in the first line, but the
|
|
column is unmodified, thus it may not be on the first yanked character.
|
|
|
|
There are nine types of registers: *registers* *E354*
|
|
1. The unnamed register ""
|
|
2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9
|
|
3. The small delete register "-
|
|
4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z
|
|
5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
|
|
6. the expression register "=
|
|
7. The selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~
|
|
8. The black hole register "_
|
|
9. Last search pattern register "/
|
|
|
|
1. Unnamed register "" *quote_quote* *quotequote*
|
|
Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands
|
|
or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific
|
|
register was used (e.g. "xdd). This is like the unnamed register is pointing
|
|
to the last used register. Thus when appending using an uppercase register
|
|
name, the unnamed register contains the same text as the named register.
|
|
An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does not store the deleted text in any
|
|
register.
|
|
Vim uses the contents of the unnamed register for any put command (p or P)
|
|
which does not specify a register. Additionally you can access it with the
|
|
name '"'. This means you have to type two double quotes. Writing to the ""
|
|
register writes to register "0.
|
|
|
|
2. Numbered registers "0 to "9 *quote_number* *quote0* *quote1*
|
|
*quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9*
|
|
Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands.
|
|
Numbered register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command,
|
|
unless the command specified another register with ["x].
|
|
Numbered register 1 contains the text deleted by the most recent delete or
|
|
change command, unless the command specified another register or the text is
|
|
less than one line (the small delete register is used then). An exception is
|
|
made for the delete operator with these movement commands: |%|, |(|, |)|, |`|,
|
|
|/|, |?|, |n|, |N|, |{| and |}|. Register "1 is always used then (this is Vi
|
|
compatible). The "- register is used as well if the delete is within a line.
|
|
Note that these characters may be mapped. E.g. |%| is mapped by the matchit
|
|
plugin.
|
|
With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents
|
|
of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous
|
|
contents of register 9.
|
|
|
|
3. Small delete register "- *quote_-* *quote-*
|
|
This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line,
|
|
except when the command specifies a register with ["x].
|
|
|
|
4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z *quote_alpha* *quotea*
|
|
Vim fills these registers only when you say so. Specify them as lowercase
|
|
letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append
|
|
to their previous contents. When the '>' flag is present in 'cpoptions' then
|
|
a line break is inserted before the appended text.
|
|
|
|
5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
|
|
These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'. You can use them only with the "p", "P",
|
|
and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R.
|
|
*quote_.* *quote.* *E29*
|
|
". Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted
|
|
with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@). Note: this
|
|
doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line. It works a bit
|
|
differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it
|
|
('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted).
|
|
*quote_%* *quote%*
|
|
"% Contains the name of the current file.
|
|
*quote_#* *quote#*
|
|
"# Contains the name of the alternate file.
|
|
*quote_:* *quote:* *E30*
|
|
": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use
|
|
"@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
|
|
The command-line is only stored in this register when at least
|
|
one character of it was typed. Thus it remains unchanged if
|
|
the command was completely from a mapping.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+cmdline_hist|
|
|
feature}
|
|
|
|
6. Expression register "= *quote_=* *quote=* *@=*
|
|
This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an
|
|
expression in commands which use a register. The expression register is
|
|
read-only; you cannot put text into it. After the '=', the cursor moves to
|
|
the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|). All
|
|
normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special
|
|
history for expressions. When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim
|
|
computes the result of the expression. If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons
|
|
the expression. If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous
|
|
expression (like with the "/" command).
|
|
|
|
The expression must evaluate to a String. A Number is always automatically
|
|
converted to a String. For the "p" and ":put" command, if the result is a
|
|
Float it's converted into a String. If the result is a List each element is
|
|
turned into a String and used as a line. A Dictionary or FuncRef results in
|
|
an error message (use string() to convert).
|
|
|
|
If the "= register is used for the "p" command, the String is split up at <NL>
|
|
characters. If the String ends in a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise
|
|
register.
|
|
|
|
7. Selection and drop registers "*, "+ and "~
|
|
Use these registers for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI.
|
|
See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|. When the clipboard is not available or not
|
|
working, the unnamed register is used instead. For Unix systems the clipboard
|
|
is only available when the |+xterm_clipboard| feature is present.
|
|
|
|
Note that there is only a distinction between "* and "+ for X11 systems. For
|
|
an explanation of the difference, see |x11-selection|. Under MS-Windows, use
|
|
of "* and "+ is actually synonymous and refers to the |gui-clipboard|.
|
|
|
|
*quote_~* *quote~* *<Drop>*
|
|
The read-only "~ register stores the dropped text from the last drag'n'drop
|
|
operation. When something has been dropped onto Vim, the "~ register is
|
|
filled in and the <Drop> pseudo key is sent for notification. You can remap
|
|
this key if you want; the default action (for all modes) is to insert the
|
|
contents of the "~ register at the cursor position.
|
|
{only available when compiled with the |+dnd| feature, currently only with the
|
|
GTK GUI}
|
|
|
|
Note: The "~ register is only used when dropping plain text onto Vim.
|
|
Drag'n'drop of URI lists is handled internally.
|
|
|
|
8. Black hole register "_ *quote_*
|
|
When writing to this register, nothing happens. This can be used to delete
|
|
text without affecting the normal registers. When reading from this register,
|
|
nothing is returned.
|
|
|
|
9. Last search pattern register "/ *quote_/* *quote/*
|
|
Contains the most recent search-pattern. This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'.
|
|
It is writable with `:let`, you can change it to have 'hlsearch' highlight
|
|
other matches without actually searching. You can't yank or delete into this
|
|
register. The search direction is available in |v:searchforward|.
|
|
Note that the valued is restored when returning from a function
|
|
|function-search-undo|.
|
|
|
|
*@/*
|
|
You can write to a register with a `:let` command |:let-@|. Example: >
|
|
:let @/ = "the"
|
|
|
|
If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register
|
|
that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register). If
|
|
you are confused, use the `:dis` command to find out what Vim will put (this
|
|
command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is
|
|
labelled '"').
|
|
|
|
The next three commands always work on whole lines.
|
|
|
|
:[range]co[py] {address} *:co* *:copy*
|
|
Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line
|
|
given by {address}.
|
|
|
|
*:t*
|
|
:t Synonym for copy.
|
|
|
|
:[range]m[ove] {address} *:m* *:mo* *:move* *E134*
|
|
Move the lines given by [range] to below the line
|
|
given by {address}.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
6. Formatting text *formatting*
|
|
|
|
:[range]ce[nter] [width] *:ce* *:center*
|
|
Center lines in [range] between [width] columns
|
|
(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
|
|
Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
compile time.
|
|
|
|
:[range]ri[ght] [width] *:ri* *:right*
|
|
Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns
|
|
(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
|
|
Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
compile time.
|
|
|
|
*:le* *:left*
|
|
:[range]le[ft] [indent]
|
|
Left-align lines in [range]. Sets the indent in the
|
|
lines to [indent] (default 0).
|
|
Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
|
|
compile time.
|
|
|
|
*gq*
|
|
gq{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over.
|
|
Formatting is done with one of three methods:
|
|
1. If 'formatexpr' is not empty the expression is
|
|
evaluated. This can differ for each buffer.
|
|
2. If 'formatprg' is not empty an external program
|
|
is used.
|
|
3. Otherwise formatting is done internally.
|
|
|
|
In the third case the 'textwidth' option controls the
|
|
length of each formatted line (see below).
|
|
If the 'textwidth' option is 0, the formatted line
|
|
length is the screen width (with a maximum width of
|
|
79).
|
|
The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of
|
|
formatting |fo-table|.
|
|
The cursor is left on the first non-blank of the last
|
|
formatted line.
|
|
NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this
|
|
function. If you still want to use "Q" for
|
|
formatting, use this mapping: >
|
|
:nnoremap Q gq
|
|
|
|
gqgq *gqgq* *gqq*
|
|
gqq Format the current line. With a count format that
|
|
many lines.
|
|
|
|
*v_gq*
|
|
{Visual}gq Format the highlighted text. (for {Visual} see
|
|
|Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
|
*gw*
|
|
gw{motion} Format the lines that {motion} moves over. Similar to
|
|
|gq| but puts the cursor back at the same position in
|
|
the text. However, 'formatprg' and 'formatexpr' are
|
|
not used.
|
|
|
|
gwgw *gwgw* *gww*
|
|
gww Format the current line as with "gw".
|
|
|
|
*v_gw*
|
|
{Visual}gw Format the highlighted text as with "gw". (for
|
|
{Visual} see |Visual-mode|).
|
|
|
|
Example: To format the current paragraph use: *gqap* >
|
|
gqap
|
|
|
|
The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes
|
|
the cursor. This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".". This
|
|
works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until
|
|
end of paragraph). Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on
|
|
the first formatted line (as with using a filter command).
|
|
|
|
If you want to format the current paragraph and continue where you were, use: >
|
|
gwap
|
|
If you always want to keep paragraphs formatted you may want to add the 'a'
|
|
flag to 'formatoptions'. See |auto-format|.
|
|
|
|
If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for
|
|
the following lines.
|
|
|
|
Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only
|
|
white space!).
|
|
|
|
The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together.
|
|
|
|
You can set the 'formatexpr' option to an expression or the 'formatprg' option
|
|
to the name of an external program for Vim to use for text formatting. The
|
|
'textwidth' and other options have no effect on formatting by an external
|
|
program.
|
|
|
|
*right-justify*
|
|
There is no command in Vim to right justify text. You can do it with
|
|
an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the
|
|
paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par".
|
|
|
|
*format-comments*
|
|
An overview of comment formatting is in section |30.6| of the user manual.
|
|
|
|
Vim can automatically insert and format comments in a special way. Vim
|
|
recognizes a comment by a specific string at the start of the line (ignoring
|
|
white space). Three types of comments can be used:
|
|
|
|
- A comment string that repeats at the start of each line. An example is the
|
|
type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#".
|
|
- A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following
|
|
lines. An example is this list with dashes.
|
|
- Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional
|
|
lines in between. The strings for the start, middle and end are different.
|
|
An example is the C style comment:
|
|
/*
|
|
* this is a C comment
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts. Each part defines a
|
|
type of comment string. A part consists of:
|
|
{flags}:{string}
|
|
|
|
{string} is the literal text that must appear.
|
|
|
|
{flags}:
|
|
n Nested comment. Nesting with mixed parts is allowed. If 'comments'
|
|
is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment.
|
|
|
|
b Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}.
|
|
|
|
f Only the first line has the comment string. Do not repeat comment on
|
|
the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list).
|
|
|
|
s Start of three-piece comment
|
|
|
|
m Middle of a three-piece comment
|
|
|
|
e End of a three-piece comment
|
|
|
|
l Left align. Used together with 's' or 'e', the leftmost character of
|
|
start or end will line up with the leftmost character from the middle.
|
|
This is the default and can be omitted. See below for more details.
|
|
|
|
r Right align. Same as above but rightmost instead of leftmost. See
|
|
below for more details.
|
|
|
|
O Don't consider this comment for the "O" command.
|
|
|
|
x Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last
|
|
character of the end-comment string as the first action on a new
|
|
line when the middle-comment string has been inserted automatically.
|
|
See below for more details.
|
|
|
|
{digits}
|
|
When together with 's' or 'e': add {digit} amount of offset to an
|
|
automatically inserted middle or end comment leader. The offset begins
|
|
from a left alignment. See below for more details.
|
|
|
|
-{digits}
|
|
Like {digits} but reduce the indent. This only works when there is
|
|
some indent for the start or end part that can be removed.
|
|
|
|
When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the
|
|
comment string repeats at the start of each line. The flags field may be
|
|
empty.
|
|
|
|
Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the
|
|
{string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a
|
|
required part of the comment string.
|
|
|
|
When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole.
|
|
For example, to include both "-" and "->", use >
|
|
:set comments=f:->,f:-
|
|
|
|
A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other
|
|
parts in between. An example of a three-piece comment is >
|
|
sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
|
|
for C-comments. To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string
|
|
includes the 'b' flag. For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after
|
|
the start and middle strings for the end string. If Vim finds the end string,
|
|
the comment does not continue on the next line. Three-piece comments must
|
|
have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines.
|
|
|
|
Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition.
|
|
When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader
|
|
for the new line: " * ". To close this comment you just have to type "/"
|
|
before typing anything else on the new line. This will replace the
|
|
middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader and apply any specified
|
|
alignment, leaving just " */". There is no need to hit BackSpace first.
|
|
|
|
When there is a match with a middle part, but there also is a maching end part
|
|
which is longer, the end part is used. This makes a C style comment work
|
|
without requiring the middle part to end with a space.
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of alignment flags at work to make a comment stand out
|
|
(kind of looks like a 1 too). Consider comment string: >
|
|
:set comments=sr:/***,m:**,ex-2:******/
|
|
<
|
|
/*** ~
|
|
**<--right aligned from "r" flag ~
|
|
** ~
|
|
offset 2 spaces for the "-2" flag--->** ~
|
|
******/ ~
|
|
In this case, the first comment was typed, then return was pressed 4 times,
|
|
then "/" was pressed to end the comment.
|
|
|
|
Here are some finer points of three part comments. There are three times when
|
|
alignment and offset flags are taken into consideration: opening a new line
|
|
after a start-comment, opening a new line before an end-comment, and
|
|
automatically ending a three-piece comment. The end alignment flag has a
|
|
backwards perspective; the result is that the same alignment flag used with
|
|
"s" and "e" will result in the same indent for the starting and ending pieces.
|
|
Only one alignment per comment part is meant to be used, but an offset number
|
|
will override the "r" and "l" flag.
|
|
|
|
Enabling 'cindent' will override the alignment flags in many cases.
|
|
Reindenting using a different method like |gq| or |=| will not consult
|
|
alignment flags either. The same behaviour can be defined in those other
|
|
formatting options. One consideration is that 'cindent' has additional options
|
|
for context based indenting of comments but cannot replicate many three piece
|
|
indent alignments. However, 'indentexpr' has the ability to work better with
|
|
three piece comments.
|
|
|
|
Other examples: >
|
|
"b:*" Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is
|
|
followed by a non-blank. This avoids a pointer dereference
|
|
like "*str" to be recognized as a comment.
|
|
"n:>" Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc.
|
|
"fb:-" Format a list that starts with "- ".
|
|
|
|
By default, "b:#" is included. This means that a line that starts with
|
|
"#include" is not recognized as a comment line. But a line that starts with
|
|
"# define" is recognized. This is a compromise.
|
|
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature}
|
|
|
|
*fo-table*
|
|
You can use the 'formatoptions' option to influence how Vim formats text.
|
|
'formatoptions' is a string that can contain any of the letters below. The
|
|
default setting is "tcq". You can separate the option letters with commas for
|
|
readability.
|
|
|
|
letter meaning when present in 'formatoptions' ~
|
|
|
|
t Auto-wrap text using textwidth
|
|
c Auto-wrap comments using textwidth, inserting the current comment
|
|
leader automatically.
|
|
r Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting
|
|
<Enter> in Insert mode.
|
|
o Automatically insert the current comment leader after hitting 'o' or
|
|
'O' in Normal mode.
|
|
q Allow formatting of comments with "gq".
|
|
Note that formatting will not change blank lines or lines containing
|
|
only the comment leader. A new paragraph starts after such a line,
|
|
or when the comment leader changes.
|
|
w Trailing white space indicates a paragraph continues in the next line.
|
|
A line that ends in a non-white character ends a paragraph.
|
|
a Automatic formatting of paragraphs. Every time text is inserted or
|
|
deleted the paragraph will be reformatted. See |auto-format|.
|
|
When the 'c' flag is present this only happens for recognized
|
|
comments.
|
|
n When formatting text, recognize numbered lists. This actually uses
|
|
the 'formatlistpat' option, thus any kind of list can be used. The
|
|
indent of the text after the number is used for the next line. The
|
|
default is to find a number, optionally followed by '.', ':', ')',
|
|
']' or '}'. Note that 'autoindent' must be set too. Doesn't work
|
|
well together with "2".
|
|
Example: >
|
|
1. the first item
|
|
wraps
|
|
2. the second item
|
|
2 When formatting text, use the indent of the second line of a paragraph
|
|
for the rest of the paragraph, instead of the indent of the first
|
|
line. This supports paragraphs in which the first line has a
|
|
different indent than the rest. Note that 'autoindent' must be set
|
|
too. Example: >
|
|
first line of a paragraph
|
|
second line of the same paragraph
|
|
third line.
|
|
< This also works inside comments, ignoring the comment leader.
|
|
v Vi-compatible auto-wrapping in insert mode: Only break a line at a
|
|
blank that you have entered during the current insert command. (Note:
|
|
this is not 100% Vi compatible. Vi has some "unexpected features" or
|
|
bugs in this area. It uses the screen column instead of the line
|
|
column.)
|
|
b Like 'v', but only auto-wrap if you enter a blank at or before
|
|
the wrap margin. If the line was longer than 'textwidth' when you
|
|
started the insert, or you do not enter a blank in the insert before
|
|
reaching 'textwidth', Vim does not perform auto-wrapping.
|
|
l Long lines are not broken in insert mode: When a line was longer than
|
|
'textwidth' when the insert command started, Vim does not
|
|
automatically format it.
|
|
m Also break at a multi-byte character above 255. This is useful for
|
|
Asian text where every character is a word on its own.
|
|
M When joining lines, don't insert a space before or after a multi-byte
|
|
character. Overrules the 'B' flag.
|
|
B When joining lines, don't insert a space between two multi-byte
|
|
characters. Overruled by the 'M' flag.
|
|
1 Don't break a line after a one-letter word. It's broken before it
|
|
instead (if possible).
|
|
j Where it makes sense, remove a comment leader when joining lines. For
|
|
example, joining:
|
|
int i; // the index ~
|
|
// in the list ~
|
|
Becomes:
|
|
int i; // the index in the list ~
|
|
|
|
|
|
With 't' and 'c' you can specify when Vim performs auto-wrapping:
|
|
value action ~
|
|
"" no automatic formatting (you can use "gq" for manual formatting)
|
|
"t" automatic formatting of text, but not comments
|
|
"c" automatic formatting for comments, but not text (good for C code)
|
|
"tc" automatic formatting for text and comments
|
|
|
|
Note that when 'textwidth' is 0, Vim does no automatic formatting anyway (but
|
|
does insert comment leaders according to the 'comments' option). An exception
|
|
is when the 'a' flag is present. |auto-format|
|
|
|
|
Note that when 'paste' is on, Vim does no formatting at all.
|
|
|
|
Note that 'textwidth' can be non-zero even if Vim never performs auto-wrapping;
|
|
'textwidth' is still useful for formatting with "gq".
|
|
|
|
If the 'comments' option includes "/*", "*" and/or "*/", then Vim has some
|
|
built in stuff to treat these types of comments a bit more cleverly.
|
|
Opening a new line before or after "/*" or "*/" (with 'r' or 'o' present in
|
|
'formatoptions') gives the correct start of the line automatically. The same
|
|
happens with formatting and auto-wrapping. Opening a line after a line
|
|
starting with "/*" or "*" and containing "*/", will cause no comment leader to
|
|
be inserted, and the indent of the new line is taken from the line containing
|
|
the start of the comment.
|
|
E.g.:
|
|
/* ~
|
|
* Your typical comment. ~
|
|
*/ ~
|
|
The indent on this line is the same as the start of the above
|
|
comment.
|
|
|
|
All of this should be really cool, especially in conjunction with the new
|
|
:autocmd command to prepare different settings for different types of file.
|
|
|
|
Some examples:
|
|
for C code (only format comments): >
|
|
:set fo=croq
|
|
< for Mail/news (format all, don't start comment with "o" command): >
|
|
:set fo=tcrq
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
Automatic formatting *auto-format* *autoformat*
|
|
|
|
When the 'a' flag is present in 'formatoptions' text is formatted
|
|
automatically when inserting text or deleting text. This works nice for
|
|
editing text paragraphs. A few hints on how to use this:
|
|
|
|
- You need to properly define paragraphs. The simplest is paragraphs that are
|
|
separated by a blank line. When there is no separating blank line, consider
|
|
using the 'w' flag and adding a space at the end of each line in the
|
|
paragraphs except the last one.
|
|
|
|
- You can set the 'formatoptions' based on the type of file |filetype| or
|
|
specifically for one file with a |modeline|.
|
|
|
|
- Set 'formatoptions' to "aw2tq" to make text with indents like this:
|
|
|
|
bla bla foobar bla
|
|
bla foobar bla foobar bla
|
|
bla bla foobar bla
|
|
bla foobar bla bla foobar
|
|
|
|
- Add the 'c' flag to only auto-format comments. Useful in source code.
|
|
|
|
- Set 'textwidth' to the desired width. If it is zero then 79 is used, or the
|
|
width of the screen if this is smaller.
|
|
|
|
And a few warnings:
|
|
|
|
- When part of the text is not properly separated in paragraphs, making
|
|
changes in this text will cause it to be formatted anyway. Consider doing >
|
|
|
|
:set fo-=a
|
|
|
|
- When using the 'w' flag (trailing space means paragraph continues) and
|
|
deleting the last line of a paragraph with |dd|, the paragraph will be
|
|
joined with the next one.
|
|
|
|
- Changed text is saved for undo. Formatting is also a change. Thus each
|
|
format action saves text for undo. This may consume quite a lot of memory.
|
|
|
|
- Formatting a long paragraph and/or with complicated indenting may be slow.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
7. Sorting text *sorting*
|
|
|
|
Vim has a sorting function and a sorting command. The sorting function can be
|
|
found here: |sort()|, |uniq()|.
|
|
|
|
*:sor* *:sort*
|
|
:[range]sor[t][!] [i][u][r][n][x][o] [/{pattern}/]
|
|
Sort lines in [range]. When no range is given all
|
|
lines are sorted.
|
|
|
|
With [!] the order is reversed.
|
|
|
|
With [i] case is ignored.
|
|
|
|
With [n] sorting is done on the first decimal number
|
|
in the line (after or inside a {pattern} match).
|
|
One leading '-' is included in the number.
|
|
|
|
With [x] sorting is done on the first hexadecimal
|
|
number in the line (after or inside a {pattern}
|
|
match). A leading "0x" or "0X" is ignored.
|
|
One leading '-' is included in the number.
|
|
|
|
With [o] sorting is done on the first octal number in
|
|
the line (after or inside a {pattern} match).
|
|
|
|
With [u] only keep the first of a sequence of
|
|
identical lines (ignoring case when [i] is used).
|
|
Without this flag, a sequence of identical lines
|
|
will be kept in their original order.
|
|
Note that leading and trailing white space may cause
|
|
lines to be different.
|
|
|
|
When /{pattern}/ is specified and there is no [r] flag
|
|
the text matched with {pattern} is skipped, so that
|
|
you sort on what comes after the match.
|
|
Instead of the slash any non-letter can be used.
|
|
For example, to sort on the second comma-separated
|
|
field: >
|
|
:sort /[^,]*,/
|
|
< To sort on the text at virtual column 10 (thus
|
|
ignoring the difference between tabs and spaces): >
|
|
:sort /.*\%10v/
|
|
< To sort on the first number in the line, no matter
|
|
what is in front of it: >
|
|
:sort /.\{-}\ze\d/
|
|
< (Explanation: ".\{-}" matches any text, "\ze" sets the
|
|
end of the match and \d matches a digit.)
|
|
With [r] sorting is done on the matching {pattern}
|
|
instead of skipping past it as described above.
|
|
For example, to sort on only the first three letters
|
|
of each line: >
|
|
:sort /\a\a\a/ r
|
|
|
|
< If a {pattern} is used, any lines which don't have a
|
|
match for {pattern} are kept in their current order,
|
|
but separate from the lines which do match {pattern}.
|
|
If you sorted in reverse, they will be in reverse
|
|
order after the sorted lines, otherwise they will be
|
|
in their original order, right before the sorted
|
|
lines.
|
|
|
|
If {pattern} is empty (e.g. // is specified), the
|
|
last search pattern is used. This allows trying out
|
|
a pattern first.
|
|
|
|
Note that using `:sort` with `:global` doesn't sort the matching lines, it's
|
|
quite useless.
|
|
|
|
The details about sorting depend on the library function used. There is no
|
|
guarantee that sorting obeys the current locale. You will have to try it out.
|
|
Vim does do a "stable" sort.
|
|
|
|
The sorting can be interrupted, but if you interrupt it too late in the
|
|
process you may end up with duplicated lines. This also depends on the system
|
|
library function used.
|
|
|
|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|