neovim/runtime/lua/vim/iter.lua
2023-12-12 14:27:24 -06:00

1061 lines
25 KiB
Lua

---@defgroup vim.iter
---
--- \*vim.iter()\* is an interface for |iterable|s: it wraps a table or function argument into an
--- \*Iter\* object with methods (such as |Iter:filter()| and |Iter:map()|) that transform the
--- underlying source data. These methods can be chained to create iterator "pipelines": the output
--- of each pipeline stage is input to the next stage. The first stage depends on the type passed to
--- `vim.iter()`:
---
--- - List tables (arrays, |lua-list|) yield only the value of each element.
--- - Use |Iter:enumerate()| to also pass the index to the next stage.
--- - Or initialize with ipairs(): `vim.iter(ipairs(…))`.
--- - Non-list tables (|lua-dict|) yield both the key and value of each element.
--- - Function |iterator|s yield all values returned by the underlying function.
--- - Tables with a |__call()| metamethod are treated as function iterators.
---
--- The iterator pipeline terminates when the underlying |iterable| is exhausted (for function
--- iterators this means it returned nil).
---
--- Note: `vim.iter()` scans table input to decide if it is a list or a dict; to avoid this cost you
--- can wrap the table with an iterator e.g. `vim.iter(ipairs({…}))`, but that precludes the use of
--- |list-iterator| operations such as |Iter:rev()|).
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })
--- it:map(function(v)
--- return v * 3
--- end)
--- it:rev()
--- it:skip(2)
--- it:totable()
--- -- { 9, 6, 3 }
---
--- -- ipairs() is a function iterator which returns both the index (i) and the value (v)
--- vim.iter(ipairs({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 })):map(function(i, v)
--- if i > 2 then return v end
--- end):totable()
--- -- { 3, 4, 5 }
---
--- local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('1,2,3,4,5', ','))
--- it:map(function(s) return tonumber(s) end)
--- for i, d in it:enumerate() do
--- print(string.format("Column %d is %d", i, d))
--- end
--- -- Column 1 is 1
--- -- Column 2 is 2
--- -- Column 3 is 3
--- -- Column 4 is 4
--- -- Column 5 is 5
---
--- vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, z = 26 }):any(function(k, v)
--- return k == 'z'
--- end)
--- -- true
---
--- local rb = vim.ringbuf(3)
--- rb:push("a")
--- rb:push("b")
--- vim.iter(rb):totable()
--- -- { "a", "b" }
--- ```
---
--- In addition to the |vim.iter()| function, the |vim.iter| module provides
--- convenience functions like |vim.iter.filter()| and |vim.iter.totable()|.
---@class IterMod
---@operator call:Iter
local M = {}
---@class Iter
local Iter = {}
Iter.__index = Iter
Iter.__call = function(self)
return self:next()
end
--- Special case implementations for iterators on list tables.
---@class ListIter : Iter
---@field _table table Underlying table data
---@field _head number Index to the front of a table iterator
---@field _tail number Index to the end of a table iterator (exclusive)
local ListIter = {}
ListIter.__index = setmetatable(ListIter, Iter)
ListIter.__call = function(self)
return self:next()
end
--- Packed tables use this as their metatable
local packedmt = {}
local function unpack(t)
if type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == packedmt then
return _G.unpack(t, 1, t.n)
end
return t
end
local function pack(...)
local n = select('#', ...)
if n > 1 then
return setmetatable({ n = n, ... }, packedmt)
end
return ...
end
local function sanitize(t)
if type(t) == 'table' and getmetatable(t) == packedmt then
-- Remove length tag
t.n = nil
end
return t
end
--- Determine if the current iterator stage should continue.
---
--- If any arguments are passed to this function, then return those arguments
--- and stop the current iterator stage. Otherwise, return true to signal that
--- the current stage should continue.
---
---@param ... any Function arguments.
---@return boolean True if the iterator stage should continue, false otherwise
---@return any Function arguments.
local function continue(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
return false, ...
end
return true
end
--- If no input arguments are given return false, indicating the current
--- iterator stage should stop. Otherwise, apply the arguments to the function
--- f. If that function returns no values, the current iterator stage continues.
--- Otherwise, those values are returned.
---
---@param f function Function to call with the given arguments
---@param ... any Arguments to apply to f
---@return boolean True if the iterator pipeline should continue, false otherwise
---@return any Return values of f
local function apply(f, ...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
return continue(f(...))
end
return false
end
--- Filters an iterator pipeline.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local bufs = vim.iter(vim.api.nvim_list_bufs()):filter(vim.api.nvim_buf_is_loaded)
--- ```
---
---@param f function(...):bool Takes all values returned from the previous stage
--- in the pipeline and returns false or nil if the
--- current iterator element should be removed.
---@return Iter
function Iter.filter(self, f)
return self:map(function(...)
if f(...) then
return ...
end
end)
end
---@private
function ListIter.filter(self, f)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
local n = self._head
for i = self._head, self._tail - inc, inc do
local v = self._table[i]
if f(unpack(v)) then
self._table[n] = v
n = n + inc
end
end
self._tail = n
return self
end
--- Maps the items of an iterator pipeline to the values returned by `f`.
---
--- If the map function returns nil, the value is filtered from the iterator.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):map(function(v)
--- if v % 2 == 0 then
--- return v * 3
--- end
--- end)
--- it:totable()
--- -- { 6, 12 }
--- ```
---
---@param f function(...):any Mapping function. Takes all values returned from
--- the previous stage in the pipeline as arguments
--- and returns one or more new values, which are used
--- in the next pipeline stage. Nil return values
--- are filtered from the output.
---@return Iter
function Iter.map(self, f)
-- Implementation note: the reader may be forgiven for observing that this
-- function appears excessively convoluted. The problem to solve is that each
-- stage of the iterator pipeline can return any number of values, and the
-- number of values could even change per iteration. And the return values
-- must be checked to determine if the pipeline has ended, so we cannot
-- naively forward them along to the next stage.
--
-- A simple approach is to pack all of the return values into a table, check
-- for nil, then unpack the table for the next stage. However, packing and
-- unpacking tables is quite slow. There is no other way in Lua to handle an
-- unknown number of function return values than to simply forward those
-- values along to another function. Hence the intricate function passing you
-- see here.
local next = self.next
--- Drain values from the upstream iterator source until a value can be
--- returned.
---
--- This is a recursive function. The base case is when the first argument is
--- false, which indicates that the rest of the arguments should be returned
--- as the values for the current iteration stage.
---
---@param cont boolean If true, the current iterator stage should continue to
--- pull values from its upstream pipeline stage.
--- Otherwise, this stage is complete and returns the
--- values passed.
---@param ... any Values to return if cont is false.
---@return any
local function fn(cont, ...)
if cont then
return fn(apply(f, next(self)))
end
return ...
end
self.next = function()
return fn(apply(f, next(self)))
end
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.map(self, f)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
local n = self._head
for i = self._head, self._tail - inc, inc do
local v = pack(f(unpack(self._table[i])))
if v ~= nil then
self._table[n] = v
n = n + inc
end
end
self._tail = n
return self
end
--- Calls a function once for each item in the pipeline, draining the iterator.
---
--- For functions with side effects. To modify the values in the iterator, use |Iter:map()|.
---
---@param f function(...) Function to execute for each item in the pipeline.
--- Takes all of the values returned by the previous stage
--- in the pipeline as arguments.
function Iter.each(self, f)
local function fn(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
f(...)
return true
end
end
while fn(self:next()) do
end
end
---@private
function ListIter.each(self, f)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
for i = self._head, self._tail - inc, inc do
f(unpack(self._table[i]))
end
self._head = self._tail
end
--- Collect the iterator into a table.
---
--- The resulting table depends on the initial source in the iterator pipeline.
--- List-like tables and function iterators will be collected into a list-like
--- table. If multiple values are returned from the final stage in the iterator
--- pipeline, each value will be included in a table.
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.iter(string.gmatch('100 20 50', '%d+')):map(tonumber):totable()
--- -- { 100, 20, 50 }
---
--- vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3 }):map(function(v) return v, 2 * v end):totable()
--- -- { { 1, 2 }, { 2, 4 }, { 3, 6 } }
---
--- vim.iter({ a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }):filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 ~= 0 end):totable()
--- -- { { 'a', 1 }, { 'c', 3 } }
--- ```
---
--- The generated table is a list-like table with consecutive, numeric indices.
--- To create a map-like table with arbitrary keys, use |Iter:fold()|.
---
---
---@return table
function Iter.totable(self)
local t = {}
while true do
local args = pack(self:next())
if args == nil then
break
end
t[#t + 1] = sanitize(args)
end
return t
end
---@private
function ListIter.totable(self)
if self.next ~= ListIter.next or self._head >= self._tail then
return Iter.totable(self)
end
local needs_sanitize = getmetatable(self._table[1]) == packedmt
-- Reindex and sanitize.
local len = self._tail - self._head
if needs_sanitize then
for i = 1, len do
self._table[i] = sanitize(self._table[self._head - 1 + i])
end
else
for i = 1, len do
self._table[i] = self._table[self._head - 1 + i]
end
end
for i = len + 1, table.maxn(self._table) do
self._table[i] = nil
end
self._head = 1
self._tail = len + 1
return self._table
end
--- Collect the iterator into a delimited string.
---
--- Each element in the iterator is joined into a string separated by {delim}.
---
--- Consumes the iterator.
---
--- @param delim string Delimiter
--- @return string
function Iter.join(self, delim)
return table.concat(self:totable(), delim)
end
--- Folds ("reduces") an iterator into a single value.
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
--- -- Create a new table with only even values
--- local t = { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 4 }
--- local it = vim.iter(t)
--- it:filter(function(k, v) return v % 2 == 0 end)
--- it:fold({}, function(t, k, v)
--- t[k] = v
--- return t
--- end)
--- -- { b = 2, d = 4 }
--- ```
---
---@generic A
---
---@param init A Initial value of the accumulator.
---@param f function(acc:A, ...):A Accumulation function.
---@return A
function Iter.fold(self, init, f)
local acc = init
--- Use a closure to handle var args returned from iterator
local function fn(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
acc = f(acc, ...)
return true
end
end
while fn(self:next()) do
end
return acc
end
---@private
function ListIter.fold(self, init, f)
local acc = init
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
for i = self._head, self._tail - inc, inc do
acc = f(acc, unpack(self._table[i]))
end
return acc
end
--- Gets the next value from the iterator.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter(string.gmatch('1 2 3', '%d+')):map(tonumber)
--- it:next()
--- -- 1
--- it:next()
--- -- 2
--- it:next()
--- -- 3
---
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.next(self) -- luacheck: no unused args
-- This function is provided by the source iterator in Iter.new. This definition exists only for
-- the docstring
end
---@private
function ListIter.next(self)
if self._head ~= self._tail then
local v = self._table[self._head]
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
self._head = self._head + inc
return unpack(v)
end
end
--- Reverses a |list-iterator| pipeline.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):rev()
--- it:totable()
--- -- { 12, 9, 6, 3 }
---
--- ```
---
---@return Iter
function Iter.rev(self)
error('rev() requires a list-like table')
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.rev(self)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
self._head, self._tail = self._tail - inc, self._head - inc
return self
end
--- Gets the next value in a |list-iterator| without consuming it.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:peek()
--- -- 3
--- it:peek()
--- -- 3
--- it:next()
--- -- 3
---
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.peek(self) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('peek() requires a list-like table')
end
---@private
function ListIter.peek(self)
if self._head ~= self._tail then
return self._table[self._head]
end
end
--- Find the first value in the iterator that satisfies the given predicate.
---
--- Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is found.
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:find(12)
--- -- 12
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:find(20)
--- -- nil
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:find(function(v) return v % 4 == 0 end)
--- -- 12
---
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.find(self, f)
if type(f) ~= 'function' then
local val = f
f = function(v)
return v == val
end
end
local result = nil
--- Use a closure to handle var args returned from iterator
local function fn(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
if f(...) then
result = pack(...)
else
return true
end
end
end
while fn(self:next()) do
end
return unpack(result)
end
--- Gets the first value in a |list-iterator| that satisfies a predicate, starting from the end.
---
--- Advances the iterator. Returns nil and drains the iterator if no value is found.
---
--- Examples:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 }):enumerate()
--- it:rfind(1)
--- -- 5 1
--- it:rfind(1)
--- -- 1 1
---
--- ```
---
---@see Iter.find
---
---@return any
function Iter.rfind(self, f) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('rfind() requires a list-like table')
end
---@private
function ListIter.rfind(self, f) -- luacheck: no unused args
if type(f) ~= 'function' then
local val = f
f = function(v)
return v == val
end
end
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
for i = self._tail - inc, self._head, -inc do
local v = self._table[i]
if f(unpack(v)) then
self._tail = i
return unpack(v)
end
end
self._head = self._tail
end
--- Transforms an iterator to yield only the first n values.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4 }):take(2)
--- it:next()
--- -- 1
--- it:next()
--- -- 2
--- it:next()
--- -- nil
--- ```
---
---@param n integer
---@return Iter
function Iter.take(self, n)
local next = self.next
local i = 0
self.next = function()
if i < n then
i = i + 1
return next(self)
end
end
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.take(self, n)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
self._tail = math.min(self._tail, self._head + n * inc)
return self
end
--- "Pops" a value from a |list-iterator| (gets the last value and decrements the tail).
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
--- it:nextback()
--- -- 4
--- it:nextback()
--- -- 3
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.nextback(self) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('nextback() requires a list-like table')
end
function ListIter.nextback(self)
if self._head ~= self._tail then
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
self._tail = self._tail - inc
return self._table[self._tail]
end
end
--- Gets the last value of a |list-iterator| without consuming it.
---
--- See also |Iter:last()|.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({1, 2, 3, 4})
--- it:peekback()
--- -- 4
--- it:peekback()
--- -- 4
--- it:nextback()
--- -- 4
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.peekback(self) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('peekback() requires a list-like table')
end
function ListIter.peekback(self)
if self._head ~= self._tail then
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
return self._table[self._tail - inc]
end
end
--- Skips `n` values of an iterator pipeline.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 }):skip(2)
--- it:next()
--- -- 9
---
--- ```
---
---@param n number Number of values to skip.
---@return Iter
function Iter.skip(self, n)
for _ = 1, n do
local _ = self:next()
end
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.skip(self, n)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and n or -n
self._head = self._head + inc
if (inc > 0 and self._head > self._tail) or (inc < 0 and self._head < self._tail) then
self._head = self._tail
end
return self
end
--- Skips `n` values backwards from the end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
--- local it = vim.iter({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }):skipback(2)
--- it:next()
--- -- 1
--- it:nextback()
--- -- 3
--- ```
---
---@param n number Number of values to skip.
---@return Iter
function Iter.skipback(self, n) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('skipback() requires a list-like table')
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.skipback(self, n)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and n or -n
self._tail = self._tail - inc
if (inc > 0 and self._head > self._tail) or (inc < 0 and self._head < self._tail) then
self._head = self._tail
end
return self
end
--- Gets the nth value of an iterator (and advances to it).
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:nth(2)
--- -- 6
--- it:nth(2)
--- -- 12
---
--- ```
---
---@param n number The index of the value to return.
---@return any
function Iter.nth(self, n)
if n > 0 then
return self:skip(n - 1):next()
end
end
--- Gets the nth value from the end of a |list-iterator| (and advances to it).
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12 })
--- it:nthback(2)
--- -- 9
--- it:nthback(2)
--- -- 3
---
--- ```
---
---@param n number The index of the value to return.
---@return any
function Iter.nthback(self, n)
if n > 0 then
return self:skipback(n - 1):nextback()
end
end
--- Sets the start and end of a |list-iterator| pipeline.
---
--- Equivalent to `:skip(first - 1):skipback(len - last + 1)`.
---
---@param first number
---@param last number
---@return Iter
function Iter.slice(self, first, last) -- luacheck: no unused args
error('slice() requires a list-like table')
return self
end
---@private
function ListIter.slice(self, first, last)
return self:skip(math.max(0, first - 1)):skipback(math.max(0, self._tail - last - 1))
end
--- Returns true if any of the items in the iterator match the given predicate.
---
---@param pred function(...):bool Predicate function. Takes all values returned from the previous
--- stage in the pipeline as arguments and returns true if the
--- predicate matches.
function Iter.any(self, pred)
local any = false
--- Use a closure to handle var args returned from iterator
local function fn(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
if pred(...) then
any = true
else
return true
end
end
end
while fn(self:next()) do
end
return any
end
--- Returns true if all items in the iterator match the given predicate.
---
---@param pred function(...):bool Predicate function. Takes all values returned from the previous
--- stage in the pipeline as arguments and returns true if the
--- predicate matches.
function Iter.all(self, pred)
local all = true
local function fn(...)
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
if not pred(...) then
all = false
else
return true
end
end
end
while fn(self:next()) do
end
return all
end
--- Drains the iterator and returns the last item.
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abcdefg', ''))
--- it:last()
--- -- 'g'
---
--- local it = vim.iter({ 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 })
--- it:last()
--- -- 15
---
--- ```
---
---@return any
function Iter.last(self)
local last = self:next()
local cur = self:next()
while cur do
last = cur
cur = self:next()
end
return last
end
---@private
function ListIter.last(self)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
local v = self._table[self._tail - inc]
self._head = self._tail
return v
end
--- Yields the item index (count) and value for each item of an iterator pipeline.
---
--- For list tables, this is more efficient:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.iter(ipairs(t))
--- ```
---
--- instead of:
---
--- ```lua
--- vim.iter(t):enumerate()
--- ```
---
--- Example:
---
--- ```lua
---
--- local it = vim.iter(vim.gsplit('abc', '')):enumerate()
--- it:next()
--- -- 1 'a'
--- it:next()
--- -- 2 'b'
--- it:next()
--- -- 3 'c'
---
--- ```
---
---@return Iter
function Iter.enumerate(self)
local i = 0
return self:map(function(...)
i = i + 1
return i, ...
end)
end
---@private
function ListIter.enumerate(self)
local inc = self._head < self._tail and 1 or -1
for i = self._head, self._tail - inc, inc do
local v = self._table[i]
self._table[i] = pack(i, v)
end
return self
end
--- Creates a new Iter object from a table or other |iterable|.
---
---@param src table|function Table or iterator to drain values from
---@return Iter
---@private
function Iter.new(src, ...)
local it = {}
if type(src) == 'table' then
local mt = getmetatable(src)
if mt and type(mt.__call) == 'function' then
---@private
function it.next()
return src()
end
setmetatable(it, Iter)
return it
end
local t = {}
-- O(n): scan the source table to decide if it is a list (consecutive integer indices 1…n).
local count = 0
for _ in pairs(src) do
count = count + 1
local v = src[count]
if v == nil then
return Iter.new(pairs(src))
end
t[count] = v
end
return ListIter.new(t)
end
if type(src) == 'function' then
local s, var = ...
--- Use a closure to handle var args returned from iterator
local function fn(...)
-- Per the Lua 5.1 reference manual, an iterator is complete when the first returned value is
-- nil (even if there are other, non-nil return values). See |for-in|.
if select(1, ...) ~= nil then
var = select(1, ...)
return ...
end
end
---@private
function it.next()
return fn(src(s, var))
end
setmetatable(it, Iter)
else
error('src must be a table or function')
end
return it
end
--- Create a new ListIter
---
---@param t table List-like table. Caller guarantees that this table is a valid list.
---@return Iter
---@private
function ListIter.new(t)
local it = {}
it._table = t
it._head = 1
it._tail = #t + 1
setmetatable(it, ListIter)
return it
end
--- Collects an |iterable| into a table.
---
--- ```lua
--- -- Equivalent to:
--- vim.iter(f):totable()
--- ```
---
---@param f function Iterator function
---@return table
function M.totable(f, ...)
return Iter.new(f, ...):totable()
end
--- Filters a table or other |iterable|.
---
--- ```lua
--- -- Equivalent to:
--- vim.iter(src):filter(f):totable()
--- ```
---
---@see |Iter:filter()|
---
---@param f function(...):bool Filter function. Accepts the current iterator or table values as
--- arguments and returns true if those values should be kept in the
--- final table
---@param src table|function Table or iterator function to filter
---@return table
function M.filter(f, src, ...)
return Iter.new(src, ...):filter(f):totable()
end
--- Maps a table or other |iterable|.
---
--- ```lua
--- -- Equivalent to:
--- vim.iter(src):map(f):totable()
--- ```
---
---@see |Iter:map()|
---
---@param f function(...):?any Map function. Accepts the current iterator or table values as
--- arguments and returns one or more new values. Nil values are removed
--- from the final table.
---@param src table|function Table or iterator function to filter
---@return table
function M.map(f, src, ...)
return Iter.new(src, ...):map(f):totable()
end
---@type IterMod
return setmetatable(M, {
__call = function(_, ...)
return Iter.new(...)
end,
})