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446 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
446 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
*term.txt* Nvim
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NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL
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Terminal UI *TUI* *tui*
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Nvim uses a list of terminal capabilities to display its user interface
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(except in |--embed| and |--headless| modes). If that information is wrong,
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the screen may be messed up or keys may not be recognized.
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Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
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==============================================================================
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Startup *startup-terminal*
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Nvim guesses the terminal type when it starts (except in |--embed| and
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|--headless| modes). The |$TERM| environment variable is the primary hint that
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determines the terminal type.
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*terminfo* *E557* *E558* *E559*
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The terminfo database is used if available.
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The Unibilium library (used by Nvim to read terminfo) allows you to override
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the system terminfo with one in $HOME/.terminfo/ directory, in part or in
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whole.
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Building your own terminfo is usually as simple as running this as
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a non-superuser:
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>
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curl -LO https://invisible-island.net/datafiles/current/terminfo.src.gz
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gunzip terminfo.src.gz
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tic terminfo.src
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<
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*$TERM*
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The $TERM environment variable must match the terminal you are using!
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Otherwise Nvim cannot know what sequences your terminal expects, and weird
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or sub-optimal behavior will result (scrolling quirks, wrong colors, etc.).
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$TERM is also important because it is forwarded by SSH to the remote session,
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unlike most other environment variables.
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For this terminal Set $TERM to |builtin-terms|
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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anything libvte-based vte, vte-256color Y
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(e.g. GNOME Terminal) (aliases: gnome, gnome-256color)
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iTerm (original) iterm, iTerm.app N
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iTerm2 (new capabilities) iterm2, iTerm2.app Y
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Konsole konsole-256color N
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Linux virtual terminal linux, linux-256color Y
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PuTTY putty, putty-256color Y
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rxvt rxvt, rxvt-256color Y
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screen screen, screen-256color Y
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simple terminal (st) st, st-256color Y
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Terminal.app nsterm N
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tmux tmux, tmux-256color Y
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Windows/ConEmu conemu Y
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Windows/Cygwin-built Nvim cygwin Y
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Windows/Interix interix Y
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Windows/VTP console vtpcon Y
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Windows/legacy console win32con Y
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xterm or compatible xterm, xterm-256color Y
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*builtin-terms* *builtin_terms*
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If a |terminfo| database is not available or there is no entry for the current
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terminal, Nvim will map |$TERM| to a builtin entry according to the above
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table, or "ansi" if there is no match. For example "TERM=putty-256color" will
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be mapped to the builtin "putty" entry. See also |tui-colors|.
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The builtin terminfo is not combined with any external terminfo database, nor
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can it be used in preference to one. You can thus entirely override any
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omissions or out-of-date information in the builtin terminfo database by
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supplying an external one with entries for the terminal type.
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Settings depending on terminal *term-dependent-settings*
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If you want to set terminal-dependent options or mappings, you can do this in
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your init.vim. Example: >
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if $TERM =~ '^\(rxvt\|screen\|interix\|putty\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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set notermguicolors
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elseif $TERM =~ '^\(tmux\|iterm\|vte\|gnome\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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set termguicolors
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elseif $TERM =~ '^\(xterm\)\(-.*\)\?$'
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if $XTERM_VERSION != ''
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set termguicolors
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elseif $KONSOLE_PROFILE_NAME != ''
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set termguicolors
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elseif $VTE_VERSION != ''
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set termguicolors
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else
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set notermguicolors
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endif
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elseif $TERM =~ ...
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... and so forth ...
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endif
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<
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*scroll-region* *xterm-scroll-region*
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Where possible, Nvim will use the terminal's ability to set a scroll region in
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order to redraw faster when a window is scrolled. If the terminal's terminfo
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description describes an ability to set top and bottom scroll margins, that is
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used.
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This will not speed up scrolling in a window that is not the full width of the
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terminal. Xterm has an extra ability, not described by terminfo, to set left
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and right scroll margins as well. If Nvim detects that the terminal is Xterm,
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it will make use of this ability to speed up scrolling that is not the full
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width of the terminal.
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*tui-input*
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Nvim uses libtermkey to convert terminal escape sequences to key codes.
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|terminfo| is used first, and CSI sequences not in |terminfo| (including
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extended keys a.k.a. modifyOtherKeys or "CSI u") can also be parsed.
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For example, when running Nvim in tmux, this makes Nvim leave Insert mode and
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go to the window below: >
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tmux send-keys 'Escape' [ 2 7 u 'C-W' j
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Where `'Escape' [ 2 7 u` is an unambiguous "CSI u" sequence for the <Esc> key.
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The kitty keyboard protocol https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/
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is partially supported, including keypad keys in Unicode Private Use Area.
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For example, this sequence is recognized by Nvim as <C-kEnter>: >
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CSI 57414 ; 5 u
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and can be used differently from <C-CR> in mappings.
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*tui-modifyOtherKeys* *tui-csiu*
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Historically, terminal emulators could not distinguish between certain control
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key modifiers and other keys. For example, <C-I> and <Tab> are represented the
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same way, as are <Esc> and <C-[>, <CR> and <C-M>, and <NL> and <C-J>. This
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meant that Nvim also could not map these keys separately.
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Modern terminal emulators are able to distinguish between these pairs of keys
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by encoding control modifiers differently. There are two common but distinct
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ways of doing this, known as "modifyOtherKeys" and "CSI u". Nvim supports both
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encoding methods and at startup will tell the terminal emulator that it
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understands these key encodings. If your terminal emulator supports it then
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this will allow you to map the key pairs listed above separately.
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At startup Nvim will query your terminal to see if it supports the CSI u
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encoding by writing the sequence >
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CSI ? u CSI c
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If your terminal emulator responds with >
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CSI ? <flags> u
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this means your terminal supports the CSI u encoding and Nvim will tell your
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terminal to enable it by writing the sequence >
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CSI > 1 u
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If your terminal does not support CSI u then Nvim will instead enable the
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"modifyOtherKeys" encoding by writing the sequence >
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CSI > 4 ; 2 m
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When Nvim exits cleanly it will send the corresponding sequence to disable the
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special key encoding. If Nvim does not exit cleanly then your terminal
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emulator could be in a bad state. If this happens, simply run "reset".
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*tui-colors*
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Nvim uses 256 colours by default, ignoring |terminfo| for most terminal types,
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including "linux" (whose virtual terminals have had 256-colour support since
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4.8) and anything claiming to be "xterm". Also when $COLORTERM or $TERM
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contain the string "256".
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Nvim similarly assumes that any terminal emulator that sets $COLORTERM to any
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value, is capable of at least 16-colour operation.
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*true-color* *xterm-true-color*
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Nvim emits true (24-bit) colours in the terminal, if 'termguicolors' is set.
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It uses the "setrgbf" and "setrgbb" |terminfo| extensions (proposed by Rüdiger
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Sonderfeld in 2013). If your terminfo definition is missing them, then Nvim
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will decide whether to add them to your terminfo definition, using the ISO
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8613-6:1994/ITU T.416:1993 control sequences for setting RGB colours (but
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modified to use semicolons instead of colons unless the terminal is known to
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follow the standard).
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Another convention, pioneered in 2016 by tmux, is the "Tc" terminfo extension.
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If terminfo has this flag, Nvim will add constructed "setrgbf" and "setrgbb"
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capabilities as if they had been in the terminfo definition.
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If terminfo does not (yet) have this flag, Nvim will fall back to $TERM and
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other environment variables. It will add constructed "setrgbf" and "setrgbb"
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capabilities in the case of the "rxvt", "linux", "st", "tmux", and "iterm"
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terminal types, or when Konsole, genuine Xterm, a libvte terminal emulator
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version 0.36 or later, or a terminal emulator that sets the COLORTERM
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environment variable to "truecolor" is detected.
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*xterm-resize*
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Nvim can resize the terminal display on some terminals that implement an
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extension pioneered by dtterm. |terminfo| does not have a flag for this
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extension. So Nvim simply assumes that (all) "dtterm", "xterm", "teraterm",
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"rxvt" terminal types, and Konsole, are capable of this.
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*tui-cursor-shape*
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Nvim will adjust the shape of the cursor from a block to a line when in insert
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mode (or as specified by the 'guicursor' option), on terminals that support
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it. It uses the same |terminfo| extensions that were pioneered by tmux for
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this: "Ss" and "Se".
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Similarly, if you set the cursor highlight group with blend=100, Nvim hides
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the cursor through the "cvvis" and "civis" extensions.
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If your terminfo definition is missing them, then Nvim will decide whether to
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add them to your terminfo definition, by looking at $TERM and other
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environment variables. For the "rxvt", "putty", "linux", "screen",
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"teraterm", and "iterm" terminal types, or when Konsole, a libvte-based
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terminal emulator, or genuine Xterm are detected, it will add constructed
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"Ss" and "Se" capabilities.
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*tui-cursor-tmux*
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Within tmux it may appear that Nvim is not changing the cursor, but in fact it
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is tmux receiving instructions from Nvim to change the cursor and not knowing
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what to do in turn. tmux must translate what it receives from Nvim into
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whatever control sequence is appropriate for the host terminal. It shares
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a common mechanism with Nvim, of using the "Ss" and "Se" capabilities from
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terminfo (for the output terminal) if they are present. Unlike Nvim, if they
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are not in terminfo you must add them by setting "terminal-overrides" in
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~/.tmux.conf .
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See the tmux(1) manual page for the details of how and what to do in the tmux
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configuration file. It will look something like: >
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set -ga terminal-overrides '*:Ss=\E[%p1%d q:Se=\E[ q'
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<or (alas!) for Konsole 18.07.70 or older, something more complex like: >
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set -ga terminal-overrides 'xterm*:\E]50;CursorShape=%?%p1%{3}%<%t%{0}%e%{1}%;%d\007'
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<
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==============================================================================
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Window size *window-size*
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[This is about the size of the whole window Vim is using, not a window that is
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created with the ":split" command.]
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On Unix systems, three methods are tried to get the window size:
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- an ioctl call (TIOCGSIZE or TIOCGWINSZ, depends on your system)
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- the environment variables "LINES" and "COLUMNS"
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- from the |terminfo| entries "lines" and "columns"
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If everything fails a default size of 24 lines and 80 columns is assumed. If
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a window-resize signal is received the size will be set again. If the window
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size is wrong you can use the 'lines' and 'columns' options to set the
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correct values. See |:mode|.
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==============================================================================
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Slow and fast terminals *slow-fast-terminal*
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*slow-terminal*
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If you have a slow terminal you may want to reset the 'showcmd' and 'ruler'
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options. The command characters and cursor positions will not be shown in the
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status line (which involves a lot of cursor motions and attribute changes for
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every keypress or movement). If the terminal scrolls very slowly, set the
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'scrolljump' to 5 or so. If the cursor is moved off the screen (e.g., with
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"j") Vim will scroll 5 lines at a time. Another possibility is to reduce the
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number of lines that Vim uses with the command "z{height}<CR>".
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If the characters from the terminal are arriving with more than 1 second
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between them you might want to set the 'timeout' and/or 'ttimeout' option.
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See the "Options" chapter |options|.
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If you are using a color terminal that is slow when displaying lines beyond
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the end of a buffer, this is because Nvim is drawing the whitespace twice, in
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two sets of colours and attributes. To prevent this, use this command: >
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hi NonText cterm=NONE ctermfg=NONE
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This draws the spaces with the default colours and attributes, which allows the
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second pass of drawing to be optimized away. Note: Although in theory the
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colours of whitespace are immaterial, in practice they change the colours of
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cursors and selections that cross them. This may have a visible, but minor,
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effect on some UIs.
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==============================================================================
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Using the mouse *mouse-using*
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*mouse-mode-table* *mouse-overview*
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Overview of what the mouse buttons do, when 'mousemodel' is "extend":
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Normal Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<LeftMouse> yes end yes
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<C-LeftMouse> yes end yes "CTRL-]" (2)
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<S-LeftMouse> yes no change yes "*" (2) *<S-LeftMouse>*
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<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no *<LeftDrag>*
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<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no
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<MiddleMouse> yes if not active no put
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<MiddleMouse> yes if active no yank and put
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<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes
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<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes *<A-RightMouse>*
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<S-RightMouse> yes no change yes "#" (2) *<S-RightMouse>*
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<C-RightMouse> no no change no "CTRL-T"
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<RightDrag> yes extend no *<RightDrag>*
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<RightRelease> yes extend no *<RightRelease>*
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Insert or Replace Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes
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<C-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O^]" (2)
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<S-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O*" (2)
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<LeftDrag> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<LeftRelease> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<MiddleMouse> no (cannot be active) no put register
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<RightMouse> yes start or extend yes like CTRL-O
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<A-RightMouse> yes start or extend blockw. yes
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<S-RightMouse> yes (cannot be active) yes "CTRL-O#" (2)
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<C-RightMouse> no (cannot be active) no "CTRL-O CTRL-T"
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In a help window:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<2-LeftMouse> yes (cannot be active) no "^]" (jump to help tag)
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When 'mousemodel' is "popup", these are different:
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Normal Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no
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<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no *<A-LeftMouse>*
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<RightMouse> no popup menu no
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Insert or Replace Mode:
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event position selection change action ~
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cursor window ~
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<S-LeftMouse> yes start or extend (1) no like CTRL-O (1)
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<A-LeftMouse> yes start or extend blockw. no
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<RightMouse> no popup menu no
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(1) only if mouse pointer moved since press
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(2) only if click is in same buffer
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Clicking the left mouse button causes the cursor to be positioned. If the
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click is in another window that window is made the active window. When
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editing the command-line the cursor can only be positioned on the
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command-line. When in Insert mode Vim remains in Insert mode. If 'scrolloff'
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is set, and the cursor is positioned within 'scrolloff' lines from the window
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border, the text is scrolled.
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A selection can be started by pressing the left mouse button on the first
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character, moving the mouse to the last character, then releasing the mouse
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button. You will not always see the selection until you release the button,
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only in some versions (GUI, Win32) will the dragging be shown immediately.
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Note that you can make the text scroll by moving the mouse at least one
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character in the first/last line in the window when 'scrolloff' is non-zero.
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In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button causes the
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Visual area to be extended. When 'mousemodel' is "popup", the left button has
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to be used while keeping the shift key pressed. When clicking in a window
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which is editing another buffer, the Visual or Select mode is stopped.
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In Normal, Visual and Select mode clicking the right mouse button with the alt
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key pressed causes the Visual area to become blockwise. When 'mousemodel' is
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"popup" the left button has to be used with the alt key. Note that this won't
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work on systems where the window manager consumes the mouse events when the
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alt key is pressed (it may move the window).
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*double-click*
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Double, triple and quadruple clicks are supported when the GUI is active, for
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Win32 and for an xterm. For selecting text, extra clicks extend the
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selection:
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click select ~
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double word or % match *<2-LeftMouse>*
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triple line *<3-LeftMouse>*
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quadruple rectangular block *<4-LeftMouse>*
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Exception: In a Help window a double click jumps to help for the word that is
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clicked on.
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A double click on a word selects that word. 'iskeyword' is used to specify
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which characters are included in a word. A double click on a character
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that has a match selects until that match (like using "v%"). If the match is
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an #if/#else/#endif block, the selection becomes linewise.
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For MS-Windows and xterm the time for double clicking can be set with the
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'mousetime' option. For the other systems this time is defined outside of Vim.
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An example, for using a double click to jump to the tag under the cursor: >
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:map <2-LeftMouse> :exe "tag " .. expand("<cword>")<CR>
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Dragging the mouse with a double click (button-down, button-up, button-down
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and then drag) will result in whole words to be selected. This continues
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until the button is released, at which point the selection is per character
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again.
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For scrolling with the mouse see |scroll-mouse-wheel|.
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In Insert mode, when a selection is started, Vim goes into Normal mode
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temporarily. When Visual or Select mode ends, it returns to Insert mode.
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This is like using CTRL-O in Insert mode. Select mode is used when the
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'selectmode' option contains "mouse".
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*<MiddleRelease>* *<MiddleDrag>*
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Mouse clicks can be mapped. The codes for mouse clicks are:
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code mouse button normal action ~
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<LeftMouse> left pressed set cursor position
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<LeftDrag> left moved while pressed extend selection
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<LeftRelease> left released set selection end
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<MiddleMouse> middle pressed paste text at cursor position
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<MiddleDrag> middle moved while pressed -
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<MiddleRelease> middle released -
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<RightMouse> right pressed extend selection
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<RightDrag> right moved while pressed extend selection
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<RightRelease> right released set selection end
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<X1Mouse> X1 button pressed - *X1Mouse*
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<X1Drag> X1 moved while pressed - *X1Drag*
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<X1Release> X1 button release - *X1Release*
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<X2Mouse> X2 button pressed - *X2Mouse*
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<X2Drag> X2 moved while pressed - *X2Drag*
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<X2Release> X2 button release - *X2Release*
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The X1 and X2 buttons refer to the extra buttons found on some mice. The
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'Microsoft Explorer' mouse has these buttons available to the right thumb.
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Currently X1 and X2 only work on Win32 and X11 environments.
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Examples: >
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:noremap <MiddleMouse> <LeftMouse><MiddleMouse>
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Paste at the position of the middle mouse button click (otherwise the paste
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would be done at the cursor position). >
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:noremap <LeftRelease> <LeftRelease>y
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Immediately yank the selection, when using Visual mode.
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Note the use of ":noremap" instead of "map" to avoid a recursive mapping.
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>
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:map <X1Mouse> <C-O>
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:map <X2Mouse> <C-I>
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Map the X1 and X2 buttons to go forwards and backwards in the jump list, see
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|CTRL-O| and |CTRL-I|.
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*mouse-swap-buttons*
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To swap the meaning of the left and right mouse buttons: >
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:noremap <LeftMouse> <RightMouse>
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:noremap <LeftDrag> <RightDrag>
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:noremap <LeftRelease> <RightRelease>
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:noremap <RightMouse> <LeftMouse>
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:noremap <RightDrag> <LeftDrag>
|
|
:noremap <RightRelease> <LeftRelease>
|
|
:noremap g<LeftMouse> <C-RightMouse>
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|
:noremap g<RightMouse> <C-LeftMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftMouse> <RightMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftDrag> <RightDrag>
|
|
:noremap! <LeftRelease> <RightRelease>
|
|
:noremap! <RightMouse> <LeftMouse>
|
|
:noremap! <RightDrag> <LeftDrag>
|
|
:noremap! <RightRelease> <LeftRelease>
|
|
<
|
|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|