mirror of
https://github.com/neovim/neovim.git
synced 2024-12-26 14:11:15 -07:00
5f00d22853
Update runtime files. https://code.google.com/p/vim/source/detail?r=bd18da914be9d43a70713f6af02770a0d3280159
1218 lines
49 KiB
Plaintext
1218 lines
49 KiB
Plaintext
*windows.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Sep 23
|
|
|
|
|
|
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
|
|
|
|
|
|
Editing with multiple windows and buffers. *windows* *buffers*
|
|
|
|
The commands which have been added to use multiple windows and buffers are
|
|
explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work
|
|
differently when used in combination with more than one window.
|
|
|
|
The basics are explained in chapter 7 and 8 of the user manual |usr_07.txt|
|
|
|usr_08.txt|.
|
|
|
|
1. Introduction |windows-intro|
|
|
2. Starting Vim |windows-starting|
|
|
3. Opening and closing a window |opening-window|
|
|
4. Moving cursor to other windows |window-move-cursor|
|
|
5. Moving windows around |window-moving|
|
|
6. Window resizing |window-resize|
|
|
7. Argument and buffer list commands |buffer-list|
|
|
8. Do a command in all buffers or windows |list-repeat|
|
|
9. Tag or file name under the cursor |window-tag|
|
|
10. The preview window |preview-window|
|
|
11. Using hidden buffers |buffer-hidden|
|
|
12. Special kinds of buffers |special-buffers|
|
|
|
|
{Vi does not have any of these commands}
|
|
{not able to use multiple windows when the |+windows| feature was disabled at
|
|
compile time}
|
|
{not able to use vertically split windows when the |+vertsplit| feature was
|
|
disabled at compile time}
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
1. Introduction *windows-intro* *window*
|
|
|
|
Summary:
|
|
A buffer is the in-memory text of a file.
|
|
A window is a viewport on a buffer.
|
|
A tab page is a collection of windows.
|
|
|
|
A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one
|
|
buffer, or several windows on different buffers.
|
|
|
|
A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains
|
|
unchanged until you write the buffer to the file.
|
|
|
|
A buffer can be in one of three states:
|
|
|
|
*active-buffer*
|
|
active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this
|
|
buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been
|
|
modified since then and thus be different from the file.
|
|
*hidden-buffer*
|
|
hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it
|
|
has been read into the buffer. Otherwise it's the same as an active
|
|
buffer, you just can't see it.
|
|
*inactive-buffer*
|
|
inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options
|
|
for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded. It can
|
|
contain marks from the |viminfo| file. But the buffer doesn't
|
|
contain text.
|
|
|
|
In a table:
|
|
|
|
state displayed loaded ":buffers" ~
|
|
in window shows ~
|
|
active yes yes 'a'
|
|
hidden no yes 'h'
|
|
inactive no no ' '
|
|
|
|
Note: All CTRL-W commands can also be executed with |:wincmd|, for those
|
|
places where a Normal mode command can't be used or is inconvenient.
|
|
|
|
The main Vim window can hold several split windows. There are also tab pages
|
|
|tab-page|, each of which can hold multiple windows.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
2. Starting Vim *windows-starting*
|
|
|
|
By default, Vim starts with one window, just like Vi.
|
|
|
|
The "-o" and "-O" arguments to Vim can be used to open a window for each file
|
|
in the argument list. The "-o" argument will split the windows horizontally;
|
|
the "-O" argument will split the windows vertically. If both "-o" and "-O"
|
|
are given, the last one encountered will be used to determine the split
|
|
orientation. For example, this will open three windows, split horizontally: >
|
|
vim -o file1 file2 file3
|
|
|
|
"-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N windows split horizontally. If
|
|
there are more file names than windows, only N windows are opened and some
|
|
files do not get a window. If there are more windows than file names, the
|
|
last few windows will be editing empty buffers. Similarly, "-ON" opens N
|
|
windows split vertically, with the same restrictions.
|
|
|
|
If there are many file names, the windows will become very small. You might
|
|
want to set the 'winheight' and/or 'winwidth' options to create a workable
|
|
situation.
|
|
|
|
Buf/Win Enter/Leave |autocommand|s are not executed when opening the new
|
|
windows and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered.
|
|
|
|
*status-line*
|
|
A status line will be used to separate windows. The 'laststatus' option tells
|
|
when the last window also has a status line:
|
|
'laststatus' = 0 never a status line
|
|
'laststatus' = 1 status line if there is more than one window
|
|
'laststatus' = 2 always a status line
|
|
|
|
You can change the contents of the status line with the 'statusline' option.
|
|
This option can be local to the window, so that you can have a different
|
|
status line in each window.
|
|
|
|
Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed
|
|
with the 's' character in the 'highlight' option. For example, "sb" sets it to
|
|
bold characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the
|
|
'^' character is used for the current window, and '=' for other windows. If
|
|
the mouse is supported and enabled with the 'mouse' option, a status line can
|
|
be dragged to resize windows.
|
|
|
|
Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and it isn't,
|
|
check if the 'highlight' option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to
|
|
invert the status line. Now it should be "sr", reverse the status line, as
|
|
"si" now stands for italic! If italic is not available on your terminal, the
|
|
status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals
|
|
that have termcap codes for italics.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
3. Opening and closing a window *opening-window* *E36*
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W s *CTRL-W_s*
|
|
CTRL-W S *CTRL-W_S*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-S *CTRL-W_CTRL-S*
|
|
:[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:sp* *:split*
|
|
Split current window in two. The result is two viewports on
|
|
the same file.
|
|
|
|
Make the new window N high (default is to use half the height
|
|
of the current window). Reduces the current window height to
|
|
create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set,
|
|
'eadirection' isn't "hor", and one of them is higher than the
|
|
current or the new window).
|
|
|
|
If [file] is given it will be edited in the new window. If it
|
|
is not loaded in any buffer, it will be read. Else the new
|
|
window will use the already loaded buffer.
|
|
|
|
Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals and might block
|
|
further input, use CTRL-Q to get going again.
|
|
Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-V *CTRL-W_CTRL-V*
|
|
CTRL-W v *CTRL-W_v*
|
|
:[N]vs[plit] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vs* *:vsplit*
|
|
Like |:split|, but split vertically. The windows will be
|
|
spread out horizontally if
|
|
1. a width was not specified,
|
|
2. 'equalalways' is set,
|
|
3. 'eadirection' isn't "ver", and
|
|
4. one of the other windows is wider than the current or new
|
|
window.
|
|
Note: In other places CTRL-Q does the same as CTRL-V, but here
|
|
it doesn't!
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W n *CTRL-W_n*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL_N *CTRL-W_CTRL-N*
|
|
:[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] *:new*
|
|
Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it.
|
|
Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing
|
|
height). Reduces the current window height to create room (and
|
|
others, if the 'equalalways' option is set and 'eadirection'
|
|
isn't "hor").
|
|
Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
If 'fileformats' is not empty, the first format given will be
|
|
used for the new buffer. If 'fileformats' is empty, the
|
|
'fileformat' of the current buffer is used. This can be
|
|
overridden with the |++opt| argument.
|
|
Autocommands are executed in this order:
|
|
1. WinLeave for the current window
|
|
2. WinEnter for the new window
|
|
3. BufLeave for the current buffer
|
|
4. BufEnter for the new buffer
|
|
This behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":enew"
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
:[N]vne[w] [++opt] [+cmd] [file] *:vne* *:vnew*
|
|
Like |:new|, but split vertically. If 'equalalways' is set
|
|
and 'eadirection' isn't "ver" the windows will be spread out
|
|
horizontally, unless a width was specified.
|
|
|
|
:[N]new [++opt] [+cmd] {file}
|
|
:[N]sp[lit] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:split_f*
|
|
Create a new window and start editing file {file} in it. This
|
|
behaves like a ":split" first, and then an ":e" command.
|
|
If [+cmd] is given, execute the command when the file has been
|
|
loaded |+cmd|.
|
|
Also see |++opt|.
|
|
Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing
|
|
height). Reduces the current window height to create room
|
|
(and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set).
|
|
|
|
:[N]sv[iew] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sv* *:sview* *splitview*
|
|
Same as ":split", but set 'readonly' option for this buffer.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sf[ind] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} *:sf* *:sfind* *splitfind*
|
|
Same as ":split", but search for {file} in 'path' like in
|
|
|:find|. Doesn't split if {file} is not found.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-^ *CTRL-W_CTRL-^* *CTRL-W_^*
|
|
CTRL-W ^ Does ":split #", split window in two and edit alternate file.
|
|
When a count is given, it becomes ":split #N", split window
|
|
and edit buffer N.
|
|
|
|
Note that the 'splitbelow' and 'splitright' options influence where a new
|
|
window will appear.
|
|
|
|
*:vert* *:vertical*
|
|
:vert[ical] {cmd}
|
|
Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
|
|
it will be split vertically.
|
|
Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|.
|
|
|
|
:lefta[bove] {cmd} *:lefta* *:leftabove*
|
|
:abo[veleft] {cmd} *:abo* *:aboveleft*
|
|
Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
|
|
it will be opened left (vertical split) or above (horizontal
|
|
split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and
|
|
'splitright'.
|
|
Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|.
|
|
|
|
:rightb[elow] {cmd} *:rightb* *:rightbelow*
|
|
:bel[owright] {cmd} *:bel* *:belowright*
|
|
Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
|
|
it will be opened right (vertical split) or below (horizontal
|
|
split) the current window. Overrules 'splitbelow' and
|
|
'splitright'.
|
|
Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|.
|
|
|
|
*:topleft* *E442*
|
|
:to[pleft] {cmd}
|
|
Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
|
|
it will appear at the top and occupy the full width of the Vim
|
|
window. When the split is vertical the window appears at the
|
|
far left and occupies the full height of the Vim window.
|
|
Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|.
|
|
|
|
*:botright*
|
|
:bo[tright] {cmd}
|
|
Execute {cmd}. If it contains a command that splits a window,
|
|
it will appear at the bottom and occupy the full width of the
|
|
Vim window. When the split is vertical the window appears at
|
|
the far right and occupies the full height of the Vim window.
|
|
Doesn't work for |:execute| and |:normal|.
|
|
|
|
These command modifiers can be combined to make a vertically split window
|
|
occupy the full height. Example: >
|
|
:vertical topleft split tags
|
|
Opens a vertically split, full-height window on the "tags" file at the far
|
|
left of the Vim window.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing a window
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W q *CTRL-W_q*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-Q *CTRL-W_CTRL-Q*
|
|
:q[uit] Quit current window. When quitting the last window (not
|
|
counting a help window), exit Vim.
|
|
When 'hidden' is set, and there is only one window for the
|
|
current buffer, it becomes hidden.
|
|
When 'hidden' is not set, and there is only one window for the
|
|
current buffer, and the buffer was changed, the command fails.
|
|
(Note: CTRL-Q does not work on all terminals)
|
|
|
|
:q[uit]! Quit current window. If this was the last window for a buffer,
|
|
any changes to that buffer are lost. When quitting the last
|
|
window (not counting help windows), exit Vim. The contents of
|
|
the buffer are lost, even when 'hidden' is set.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W c *CTRL-W_c* *:clo* *:close*
|
|
:clo[se][!] Close current window. When the 'hidden' option is set, or
|
|
when the buffer was changed and the [!] is used, the buffer
|
|
becomes hidden (unless there is another window editing it).
|
|
When there is only one window in the current tab page and
|
|
there is another tab page, this closes the current tab page.
|
|
|tab-page|.
|
|
This command fails when: *E444*
|
|
- There is only one window on the screen.
|
|
- When 'hidden' is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has
|
|
changes, and there is no other window on this buffer.
|
|
Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
|
|
this is a "safe" command.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-C *CTRL-W_CTRL-C*
|
|
You might have expected that CTRL-W CTRL-C closes the current
|
|
window, but that does not work, because the CTRL-C cancels the
|
|
command.
|
|
|
|
*:hide*
|
|
:hid[e] Quit current window, unless it is the last window on the
|
|
screen. The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
|
|
window editing it or 'bufhidden' is "unload" or "delete").
|
|
If the window is the last one in the current tab page the tab
|
|
page is closed. |tab-page|
|
|
The value of 'hidden' is irrelevant for this command.
|
|
Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
|
|
this is a "safe" command.
|
|
|
|
:hid[e] {cmd} Execute {cmd} with 'hidden' is set. The previous value of
|
|
'hidden' is restored after {cmd} has been executed.
|
|
Example: >
|
|
:hide edit Makefile
|
|
< This will edit "Makefile", and hide the current buffer if it
|
|
has any changes.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W o *CTRL-W_o* *E445*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-O *CTRL-W_CTRL-O* *:on* *:only*
|
|
:on[ly][!] Make the current window the only one on the screen. All other
|
|
windows are closed.
|
|
When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
|
|
become hidden.
|
|
When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
|
|
modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
|
|
buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
|
|
given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
|
|
never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
4. Moving cursor to other windows *window-move-cursor*
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W <Down> *CTRL-W_<Down>*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-J *CTRL-W_CTRL-J* *CTRL-W_j*
|
|
CTRL-W j Move cursor to Nth window below current one. Uses the cursor
|
|
position to select between alternatives.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W <Up> *CTRL-W_<Up>*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-K *CTRL-W_CTRL-K* *CTRL-W_k*
|
|
CTRL-W k Move cursor to Nth window above current one. Uses the cursor
|
|
position to select between alternatives.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W <Left> *CTRL-W_<Left>*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-H *CTRL-W_CTRL-H*
|
|
CTRL-W <BS> *CTRL-W_<BS>* *CTRL-W_h*
|
|
CTRL-W h Move cursor to Nth window left of current one. Uses the
|
|
cursor position to select between alternatives.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W <Right> *CTRL-W_<Right>*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-L *CTRL-W_CTRL-L* *CTRL-W_l*
|
|
CTRL-W l Move cursor to Nth window right of current one. Uses the
|
|
cursor position to select between alternatives.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W w *CTRL-W_w* *CTRL-W_CTRL-W*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-W Without count: move cursor to window below/right of the
|
|
current one. If there is no window below or right, go to
|
|
top-left window.
|
|
With count: go to Nth window (windows are numbered from
|
|
top-left to bottom-right). To obtain the window number see
|
|
|bufwinnr()| and |winnr()|. When N is larger than the number
|
|
of windows go to the last window.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_W*
|
|
CTRL-W W Without count: move cursor to window above/left of current
|
|
one. If there is no window above or left, go to bottom-right
|
|
window. With count: go to Nth window, like with CTRL-W w.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W t *CTRL-W_t* *CTRL-W_CTRL-T*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-T Move cursor to top-left window.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W b *CTRL-W_b* *CTRL-W_CTRL-B*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-B Move cursor to bottom-right window.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W p *CTRL-W_p* *CTRL-W_CTRL-P*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-P Go to previous (last accessed) window.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_P* *E441*
|
|
CTRL-W P Go to preview window. When there is no preview window this is
|
|
an error.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature}
|
|
|
|
If Visual mode is active and the new window is not for the same buffer, the
|
|
Visual mode is ended. If the window is on the same buffer, the cursor
|
|
position is set to keep the same Visual area selected.
|
|
|
|
*:winc* *:wincmd*
|
|
These commands can also be executed with ":wincmd":
|
|
|
|
:[count]winc[md] {arg}
|
|
Like executing CTRL-W [count] {arg}. Example: >
|
|
:wincmd j
|
|
< Moves to the window below the current one.
|
|
This command is useful when a Normal mode cannot be used (for
|
|
the |CursorHold| autocommand event). Or when a Normal mode
|
|
command is inconvenient.
|
|
The count can also be a window number. Example: >
|
|
:exe nr . "wincmd w"
|
|
< This goes to window "nr".
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
5. Moving windows around *window-moving*
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W r *CTRL-W_r* *CTRL-W_CTRL-R* *E443*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-R Rotate windows downwards/rightwards. The first window becomes
|
|
the second one, the second one becomes the third one, etc.
|
|
The last window becomes the first window. The cursor remains
|
|
in the same window.
|
|
This only works within the row or column of windows that the
|
|
current window is in.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_R*
|
|
CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards/leftwards. The second window becomes
|
|
the first one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The
|
|
first window becomes the last window. The cursor remains in
|
|
the same window.
|
|
This only works within the row or column of windows that the
|
|
current window is in.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W x *CTRL-W_x* *CTRL-W_CTRL-X*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-X Without count: Exchange current window with next one. If there
|
|
is no next window, exchange with previous window.
|
|
With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first
|
|
window is 1). The cursor is put in the other window.
|
|
When vertical and horizontal window splits are mixed, the
|
|
exchange is only done in the row or column of windows that the
|
|
current window is in.
|
|
|
|
The following commands can be used to change the window layout. For example,
|
|
when there are two vertically split windows, CTRL-W K will change that in
|
|
horizontally split windows. CTRL-W H does it the other way around.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_K*
|
|
CTRL-W K Move the current window to be at the very top, using the full
|
|
width of the screen. This works like closing the current
|
|
window and then creating another one with ":topleft split",
|
|
except that the current window contents is used for the new
|
|
window.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_J*
|
|
CTRL-W J Move the current window to be at the very bottom, using the
|
|
full width of the screen. This works like closing the current
|
|
window and then creating another one with ":botright split",
|
|
except that the current window contents is used for the new
|
|
window.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_H*
|
|
CTRL-W H Move the current window to be at the far left, using the
|
|
full height of the screen. This works like closing the
|
|
current window and then creating another one with
|
|
":vert topleft split", except that the current window contents
|
|
is used for the new window.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature}
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_L*
|
|
CTRL-W L Move the current window to be at the far right, using the full
|
|
height of the screen. This works like closing the
|
|
current window and then creating another one with
|
|
":vert botright split", except that the current window
|
|
contents is used for the new window.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+vertsplit| feature}
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_T*
|
|
CTRL-W T Move the current window to a new tab page. This fails if
|
|
there is only one window in the current tab page.
|
|
When a count is specified the new tab page will be opened
|
|
before the tab page with this index. Otherwise it comes after
|
|
the current tab page.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
6. Window resizing *window-resize*
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_=*
|
|
CTRL-W = Make all windows (almost) equally high and wide, but use
|
|
'winheight' and 'winwidth' for the current window.
|
|
Windows with 'winfixheight' set keep their height and windows
|
|
with 'winfixwidth' set keep their width.
|
|
|
|
:res[ize] -N *:res* *:resize* *CTRL-W_-*
|
|
CTRL-W - Decrease current window height by N (default 1).
|
|
If used after |:vertical|: decrease width by N.
|
|
|
|
:res[ize] +N *CTRL-W_+*
|
|
CTRL-W + Increase current window height by N (default 1).
|
|
If used after |:vertical|: increase width by N.
|
|
|
|
:res[ize] [N]
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-_ *CTRL-W_CTRL-_* *CTRL-W__*
|
|
CTRL-W _ Set current window height to N (default: highest possible).
|
|
|
|
z{nr}<CR> Set current window height to {nr}.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_<*
|
|
CTRL-W < Decrease current window width by N (default 1).
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_>*
|
|
CTRL-W > Increase current window width by N (default 1).
|
|
|
|
:vertical res[ize] [N] *:vertical-resize* *CTRL-W_bar*
|
|
CTRL-W | Set current window width to N (default: widest possible).
|
|
|
|
You can also resize a window by dragging a status line up or down with the
|
|
mouse. Or by dragging a vertical separator line left or right. This only
|
|
works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the mouse and the
|
|
'mouse' option has been set to enable it.
|
|
|
|
The option 'winheight' ('wh') is used to set the minimal window height of the
|
|
current window. This option is used each time another window becomes the
|
|
current window. If the option is '0', it is disabled. Set 'winheight' to a
|
|
very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current window always fill all
|
|
available space. Set it to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in
|
|
the current window comfortable.
|
|
|
|
The equivalent 'winwidth' ('wiw') option is used to set the minimal width of
|
|
the current window.
|
|
|
|
When the option 'equalalways' ('ea') is set, all the windows are automatically
|
|
made the same size after splitting or closing a window. If you don't set this
|
|
option, splitting a window will reduce the size of the current window and
|
|
leave the other windows the same. When closing a window, the extra lines are
|
|
given to the window above it.
|
|
|
|
The 'eadirection' option limits the direction in which the 'equalalways'
|
|
option is applied. The default "both" resizes in both directions. When the
|
|
value is "ver" only the heights of windows are equalized. Use this when you
|
|
have manually resized a vertically split window and want to keep this width.
|
|
Likewise, "hor" causes only the widths of windows to be equalized.
|
|
|
|
The option 'cmdheight' ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line.
|
|
If you are annoyed by the |hit-enter| prompt for long messages, set this
|
|
option to 2 or 3.
|
|
|
|
If there is only one window, resizing that window will also change the command
|
|
line height. If there are several windows, resizing the current window will
|
|
also change the height of the window below it (and sometimes the window above
|
|
it).
|
|
|
|
The minimal height and width of a window is set with 'winminheight' and
|
|
'winminwidth'. These are hard values, a window will never become smaller.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
7. Argument and buffer list commands *buffer-list*
|
|
|
|
args list buffer list meaning ~
|
|
1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N
|
|
2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf
|
|
3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
5. :rewind / :first 15. :brewind / :bfirst to first arg/buf
|
|
6. :last 16. :blast to last arg/buf
|
|
7. :all 17. :ball edit all args/buffers
|
|
18. :unhide edit all loaded buffers
|
|
19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf
|
|
|
|
split & args list split & buffer list meaning ~
|
|
21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N
|
|
22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf
|
|
23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
|
|
25. :srewind / :sfirst 35. :sbrewind / :sbfirst split + to first arg/buf
|
|
26. :slast 36. :sblast split + to last arg/buf
|
|
27. :sall 37. :sball edit all args/buffers
|
|
38. :sunhide edit all loaded buffers
|
|
39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf
|
|
|
|
40. :args list of arguments
|
|
41. :buffers list of buffers
|
|
|
|
The meaning of [N] depends on the command:
|
|
[N] is number of buffers to go forward/backward on ?2, ?3, and ?4
|
|
[N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21
|
|
[N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31
|
|
[N] is a count for 19 and 39
|
|
|
|
Note: ":next" is an exception, because it must accept a list of file names
|
|
for compatibility with Vi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The argument list and multiple windows
|
|
--------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The current position in the argument list can be different for each window.
|
|
Remember that when doing ":e file", the position in the argument list stays
|
|
the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate
|
|
this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows
|
|
"(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file list, and
|
|
"M" the number of files in the file list.
|
|
|
|
All the entries in the argument list are added to the buffer list. Thus, you
|
|
can also get to them with the buffer list commands, like ":bnext".
|
|
|
|
:[N]al[l][!] [N] *:al* *:all* *:sal* *:sall*
|
|
:[N]sal[l][!] [N]
|
|
Rearrange the screen to open one window for each argument.
|
|
All other windows are closed. When a count is given, this is
|
|
the maximum number of windows to open.
|
|
With the |:tab| modifier open a tab page for each argument.
|
|
When there are more arguments than 'tabpagemax' further ones
|
|
become split windows in the last tab page.
|
|
When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
|
|
become hidden.
|
|
When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
|
|
modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
|
|
buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
|
|
given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
|
|
never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
|
|
[N] is the maximum number of windows to open. 'winheight'
|
|
also limits the number of windows opened ('winwidth' if
|
|
|:vertical| was prepended).
|
|
Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
|
|
windows here, that's only done when they are really entered.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sa[rgument][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sa* *:sargument*
|
|
Short for ":split | argument [N]": split window and go to Nth
|
|
argument. But when there is no such argument, the window is
|
|
not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sn[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [file ..] *:sn* *:snext*
|
|
Short for ":split | [N]next": split window and go to Nth next
|
|
argument. But when there is no next file, the window is not
|
|
split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]spr[evious][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:spr* *:sprevious*
|
|
:[N]sN[ext][!] [++opt] [+cmd] [N] *:sN* *:sNext*
|
|
Short for ":split | [N]Next": split window and go to Nth
|
|
previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the
|
|
window is not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
*:sre* *:srewind*
|
|
:sre[wind][!] [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
Short for ":split | rewind": split window and go to first
|
|
argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
|
|
not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
*:sfir* *:sfirst*
|
|
:sfir[st] [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
Same as ":srewind".
|
|
|
|
*:sla* *:slast*
|
|
:sla[st][!] [++opt] [+cmd]
|
|
Short for ":split | last": split window and go to last
|
|
argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
|
|
not split. Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
*:dr* *:drop*
|
|
:dr[op] [++opt] [+cmd] {file} ..
|
|
Edit the first {file} in a window.
|
|
- If the file is already open in a window change to that
|
|
window.
|
|
- If the file is not open in a window edit the file in the
|
|
current window. If the current buffer can't be |abandon|ed,
|
|
the window is split first.
|
|
The |argument-list| is set, like with the |:next| command.
|
|
The purpose of this command is that it can be used from a
|
|
program that wants Vim to edit another file, e.g., a debugger.
|
|
When using the |:tab| modifier each argument is opened in a
|
|
tab page. The last window is used if it's empty.
|
|
Also see |++opt| and |+cmd|.
|
|
{only available when compiled with a GUI}
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
8. Do a command in all buffers or windows *list-repeat*
|
|
|
|
*:windo*
|
|
:windo {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each window.
|
|
It works like doing this: >
|
|
CTRL-W t
|
|
:{cmd}
|
|
CTRL-W w
|
|
:{cmd}
|
|
etc.
|
|
< This only operates in the current tab page.
|
|
When an error is detected on one window, further
|
|
windows will not be visited.
|
|
The last window (or where an error occurred) becomes
|
|
the current window.
|
|
{cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
|
|
{cmd} must not open or close windows or reorder them.
|
|
{not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|
|
|+listcmds| feature}
|
|
Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:bufdo|.
|
|
|
|
*:bufdo*
|
|
:bufdo[!] {cmd} Execute {cmd} in each buffer in the buffer list.
|
|
It works like doing this: >
|
|
:bfirst
|
|
:{cmd}
|
|
:bnext
|
|
:{cmd}
|
|
etc.
|
|
< When the current file can't be |abandon|ed and the [!]
|
|
is not present, the command fails.
|
|
When an error is detected on one buffer, further
|
|
buffers will not be visited.
|
|
Unlisted buffers are skipped.
|
|
The last buffer (or where an error occurred) becomes
|
|
the current buffer.
|
|
{cmd} can contain '|' to concatenate several commands.
|
|
{cmd} must not delete buffers or add buffers to the
|
|
buffer list.
|
|
Note: While this command is executing, the Syntax
|
|
autocommand event is disabled by adding it to
|
|
'eventignore'. This considerably speeds up editing
|
|
each buffer.
|
|
{not in Vi} {not available when compiled without the
|
|
|+listcmds| feature}
|
|
Also see |:tabdo|, |:argdo| and |:windo|.
|
|
|
|
Examples: >
|
|
|
|
:windo set nolist nofoldcolumn | normal zn
|
|
|
|
This resets the 'list' option and disables folding in all windows. >
|
|
|
|
:bufdo set fileencoding= | update
|
|
|
|
This resets the 'fileencoding' in each buffer and writes it if this changed
|
|
the buffer. The result is that all buffers will use the 'encoding' encoding
|
|
(if conversion works properly).
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
9. Tag or file name under the cursor *window-tag*
|
|
|
|
*:sta* *:stag*
|
|
:sta[g][!] [tagname]
|
|
Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the window for the found
|
|
tag. See also |:tag|.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W ] *CTRL-W_]* *CTRL-W_CTRL-]*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
tag and jump to it in the new upper window.
|
|
In Visual mode uses the Visually selected text as a tag.
|
|
Make new window N high.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_g]*
|
|
CTRL-W g ] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
tag and perform ":tselect" on it in the new upper window.
|
|
In Visual mode uses the Visually selected text as a tag.
|
|
Make new window N high.
|
|
|
|
*CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]*
|
|
CTRL-W g CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
|
|
tag and perform ":tjump" on it in the new upper window.
|
|
In Visual mode uses the Visually selected text as a tag.
|
|
Make new window N high.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W f *CTRL-W_f* *CTRL-W_CTRL-F*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-F Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor.
|
|
Like ":split gf", but window isn't split if the file does not
|
|
exist.
|
|
Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names where to
|
|
look for the file. Also the path for current file is
|
|
used to search for the file name.
|
|
If the name is a hypertext link that looks like
|
|
"type://machine/path", only "/path" is used.
|
|
If a count is given, the count'th matching file is edited.
|
|
{not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled
|
|
at compile time}
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W F *CTRL-W_F*
|
|
Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor and
|
|
jump to the line number following the file name. See |gF| for
|
|
details on how the line number is obtained.
|
|
{not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled
|
|
at compile time}
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W gf *CTRL-W_gf*
|
|
Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor.
|
|
Like "tab split" and "gf", but the new tab page isn't created
|
|
if the file does not exist.
|
|
{not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled
|
|
at compile time}
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W gF *CTRL-W_gF*
|
|
Open a new tab page and edit the file name under the cursor
|
|
and jump to the line number following the file name. Like
|
|
"tab split" and "gF", but the new tab page isn't created if
|
|
the file does not exist.
|
|
{not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled
|
|
at compile time}
|
|
|
|
Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open window for an included file that includes
|
|
the keyword under the cursor.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
10. The preview window *preview-window*
|
|
|
|
The preview window is a special window to show (preview) another file. It is
|
|
normally a small window used to show an include file or definition of a
|
|
function.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+quickfix| feature}
|
|
|
|
There can be only one preview window (per tab page). It is created with one
|
|
of the commands below. The 'previewheight' option can be set to specify the
|
|
height of the preview window when it's opened. The 'previewwindow' option is
|
|
set in the preview window to be able to recognize it. The 'winfixheight'
|
|
option is set to have it keep the same height when opening/closing other
|
|
windows.
|
|
|
|
*:pta* *:ptag*
|
|
:pta[g][!] [tagname]
|
|
Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found tag in a
|
|
"Preview" window without changing the current buffer or cursor
|
|
position. If a "Preview" window already exists, it is re-used
|
|
(like a help window is). If a new one is opened,
|
|
'previewheight' is used for the height of the window. See
|
|
also |:tag|.
|
|
See below for an example. |CursorHold-example|
|
|
Small difference from |:tag|: When [tagname] is equal to the
|
|
already displayed tag, the position in the matching tag list
|
|
is not reset. This makes the CursorHold example work after a
|
|
|:ptnext|.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W z *CTRL-W_z*
|
|
CTRL-W CTRL-Z *CTRL-W_CTRL-Z* *:pc* *:pclose*
|
|
:pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" window currently open. When the 'hidden'
|
|
option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is
|
|
used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
|
|
window editing it). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer
|
|
cannot be closed. See also |:close|.
|
|
|
|
*:pp* *:ppop*
|
|
:[count]pp[op][!]
|
|
Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview window. See |:pop| and
|
|
|:ptag|. {not in Vi}
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W } *CTRL-W_}*
|
|
Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptag on
|
|
it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
|
|
not given, 'previewheight' is used.
|
|
|
|
CTRL-W g } *CTRL-W_g}*
|
|
Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptjump on
|
|
it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
|
|
not given, 'previewheight' is used.
|
|
|
|
*:ped* *:pedit*
|
|
:ped[it][!] [++opt] [+cmd] {file}
|
|
Edit {file} in the preview window. The preview window is
|
|
opened like with |:ptag|. The current window and cursor
|
|
position isn't changed. Useful example: >
|
|
:pedit +/fputc /usr/include/stdio.h
|
|
<
|
|
*:ps* *:psearch*
|
|
:[range]ps[earch][!] [count] [/]pattern[/]
|
|
Works like |:ijump| but shows the found match in the preview
|
|
window. The preview window is opened like with |:ptag|. The
|
|
current window and cursor position isn't changed. Useful
|
|
example: >
|
|
:psearch popen
|
|
< Like with the |:ptag| command, you can use this to
|
|
automatically show information about the word under the
|
|
cursor. This is less clever than using |:ptag|, but you don't
|
|
need a tags file and it will also find matches in system
|
|
include files. Example: >
|
|
:au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! psearch " . expand("<cword>")
|
|
< Warning: This can be slow.
|
|
|
|
Example *CursorHold-example* >
|
|
|
|
:au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "silent! ptag " . expand("<cword>")
|
|
|
|
This will cause a ":ptag" to be executed for the keyword under the cursor,
|
|
when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with 'updatetime'. The "nested"
|
|
makes other autocommands be executed, so that syntax highlighting works in the
|
|
preview window. The "silent!" avoids an error message when the tag could not
|
|
be found. Also see |CursorHold|. To disable this again: >
|
|
|
|
:au! CursorHold
|
|
|
|
A nice addition is to highlight the found tag, avoid the ":ptag" when there
|
|
is no word under the cursor, and a few other things: >
|
|
|
|
:au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested call PreviewWord()
|
|
:func PreviewWord()
|
|
: if &previewwindow " don't do this in the preview window
|
|
: return
|
|
: endif
|
|
: let w = expand("<cword>") " get the word under cursor
|
|
: if w =~ '\a' " if the word contains a letter
|
|
:
|
|
: " Delete any existing highlight before showing another tag
|
|
: silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window
|
|
: if &previewwindow " if we really get there...
|
|
: match none " delete existing highlight
|
|
: wincmd p " back to old window
|
|
: endif
|
|
:
|
|
: " Try displaying a matching tag for the word under the cursor
|
|
: try
|
|
: exe "ptag " . w
|
|
: catch
|
|
: return
|
|
: endtry
|
|
:
|
|
: silent! wincmd P " jump to preview window
|
|
: if &previewwindow " if we really get there...
|
|
: if has("folding")
|
|
: silent! .foldopen " don't want a closed fold
|
|
: endif
|
|
: call search("$", "b") " to end of previous line
|
|
: let w = substitute(w, '\\', '\\\\', "")
|
|
: call search('\<\V' . w . '\>') " position cursor on match
|
|
: " Add a match highlight to the word at this position
|
|
: hi previewWord term=bold ctermbg=green guibg=green
|
|
: exe 'match previewWord "\%' . line(".") . 'l\%' . col(".") . 'c\k*"'
|
|
: wincmd p " back to old window
|
|
: endif
|
|
: endif
|
|
:endfun
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
11. Using hidden buffers *buffer-hidden*
|
|
|
|
A hidden buffer is not displayed in a window, but is still loaded into memory.
|
|
This makes it possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or
|
|
write the file every time you get another buffer in a window.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+listcmds| feature}
|
|
|
|
*:buffer-!*
|
|
If the option 'hidden' ('hid') is set, abandoned buffers are kept for all
|
|
commands that start editing another file: ":edit", ":next", ":tag", etc. The
|
|
commands that move through the buffer list sometimes make the current buffer
|
|
hidden although the 'hidden' option is not set. This happens when a buffer is
|
|
modified, but is forced (with '!') to be removed from a window, and
|
|
'autowrite' is off or the buffer can't be written.
|
|
|
|
You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit it with any
|
|
command. Or by deleting it with the ":bdelete" command.
|
|
|
|
The 'hidden' is global, it is used for all buffers. The 'bufhidden' option
|
|
can be used to make an exception for a specific buffer. It can take these
|
|
values:
|
|
<empty> Use the value of 'hidden'.
|
|
hide Hide this buffer, also when 'hidden' is not set.
|
|
unload Don't hide but unload this buffer, also when 'hidden'
|
|
is set.
|
|
delete Delete the buffer.
|
|
|
|
*hidden-quit*
|
|
When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will
|
|
get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You
|
|
can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without writing (":q!").
|
|
Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified buffers!
|
|
|
|
A buffer can also be unlisted. This means it exists, but it is not in the
|
|
list of buffers. |unlisted-buffer|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:files[!] *:files*
|
|
:buffers[!] *:buffers* *:ls*
|
|
:ls[!] Show all buffers. Example:
|
|
|
|
1 #h "/test/text" line 1 ~
|
|
2u "asdf" line 0 ~
|
|
3 %a + "version.c" line 1 ~
|
|
|
|
When the [!] is included the list will show unlisted buffers
|
|
(the term "unlisted" is a bit confusing then...).
|
|
|
|
Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change,
|
|
so you can always go to a specific buffer with ":buffer N" or
|
|
"N CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number.
|
|
|
|
Indicators (chars in the same column are mutually exclusive):
|
|
u an unlisted buffer (only displayed when [!] is used)
|
|
|unlisted-buffer|
|
|
% the buffer in the current window
|
|
# the alternate buffer for ":e #" and CTRL-^
|
|
a an active buffer: it is loaded and visible
|
|
h a hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not
|
|
displayed in a window |hidden-buffer|
|
|
- a buffer with 'modifiable' off
|
|
= a readonly buffer
|
|
+ a modified buffer
|
|
x a buffer with read errors
|
|
|
|
*:bad* *:badd*
|
|
:bad[d] [+lnum] {fname}
|
|
Add file name {fname} to the buffer list, without loading it.
|
|
If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that
|
|
line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other
|
|
commands after the + will be ignored.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bd[elete][!] *:bd* *:bdel* *:bdelete* *E516*
|
|
:bd[elete][!] [N]
|
|
Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from
|
|
the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails,
|
|
unless when [!] is specified, in which case changes are lost.
|
|
The file remains unaffected. Any windows for this buffer are
|
|
closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer
|
|
will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in
|
|
the jump list that points into a loaded buffer.
|
|
Actually, the buffer isn't completely deleted, it is removed
|
|
from the buffer list |unlisted-buffer| and option values,
|
|
variables and mappings/abbreviations for the buffer are
|
|
cleared.
|
|
|
|
:bdelete[!] {bufname} *E93* *E94*
|
|
Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
|
|
buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
|
|
name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
|
|
before a space in a buffer name.
|
|
|
|
:bdelete[!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
Do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
|
|
buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
|
|
a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
:N,Mbdelete[!] Do ":bdelete[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
|
|
|inclusive|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bw[ipeout][!] *:bw* *:bwipe* *:bwipeout* *E517*
|
|
:bw[ipeout][!] {bufname}
|
|
:N,Mbw[ipeout][!]
|
|
:bw[ipeout][!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
Like |:bdelete|, but really delete the buffer. Everything
|
|
related to the buffer is lost. All marks in this buffer
|
|
become invalid, option settings are lost, etc. Don't use this
|
|
unless you know what you are doing.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bun[load][!] *:bun* *:bunload* *E515*
|
|
:bun[load][!] [N]
|
|
Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory
|
|
allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains
|
|
in the buffer list.
|
|
If the buffer was changed, this fails, unless when [!] is
|
|
specified, in which case the changes are lost.
|
|
Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the
|
|
current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead.
|
|
This is the most recent entry in the jump list that points
|
|
into a loaded buffer.
|
|
|
|
:bunload[!] {bufname}
|
|
Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
|
|
buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
|
|
name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
|
|
before a space in a buffer name.
|
|
|
|
:N,Mbunload[!] Do ":bunload[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
|
|
|inclusive|.
|
|
|
|
:bunload[!] N1 N2 ...
|
|
Do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
|
|
buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
|
|
a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
|
|
name.
|
|
|
|
:[N]b[uffer][!] [+cmd] [N] *:b* *:bu* *:buf* *:buffer* *E86*
|
|
Edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] is not given,
|
|
the current buffer remains being edited. See |:buffer-!| for
|
|
[!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
|
|
list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]b[uffer][!] [+cmd] {bufname}
|
|
Edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer list. See
|
|
|:buffer-!| for [!]. This will also edit a buffer that is not
|
|
in the buffer list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sb[uffer] [+cmd] [N] *:sb* *:sbuffer*
|
|
Split window and edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N]
|
|
is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the
|
|
"useopen" setting of 'switchbuf' when splitting. This will
|
|
also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer list, without
|
|
setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sb[uffer] [+cmd] {bufname}
|
|
Split window and edit buffer for {bufname} from the buffer
|
|
list. This will also edit a buffer that is not in the buffer
|
|
list, without setting the 'buflisted' flag.
|
|
Note: If what you want to do is split the buffer, make a copy
|
|
under another name, you can do it this way: >
|
|
:w foobar | sp #
|
|
< Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bn[ext][!] [+cmd] [N] *:bn* *:bnext* *E87*
|
|
Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to one.
|
|
Wraps around the end of the buffer list.
|
|
See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help
|
|
buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal
|
|
(non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer.
|
|
This is so that if you have invoked help, it doesn't get in
|
|
the way when you're browsing code/text buffers. The next three
|
|
commands also work like this.
|
|
|
|
|
|
*:sbn* *:sbnext*
|
|
:[N]sbn[ext] [+cmd] [N]
|
|
Split window and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list.
|
|
Wraps around the end of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf'
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bN[ext][!] [+cmd] [N] *:bN* *:bNext* *:bp* *:bprevious* *E88*
|
|
:[N]bp[revious][!] [+cmd] [N]
|
|
Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to
|
|
one. Wraps around the start of the buffer list.
|
|
See |:buffer-!| for [!] and 'switchbuf'.
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sbN[ext] [+cmd] [N] *:sbN* *:sbNext* *:sbp* *:sbprevious*
|
|
:[N]sbp[revious] [+cmd] [N]
|
|
Split window and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list.
|
|
Wraps around the start of the buffer list.
|
|
Uses 'switchbuf'.
|
|
Also see ||+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:br[ewind][!] [+cmd] *:br* *:brewind*
|
|
Go to first buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is
|
|
empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
|
|
See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
|
|
:bf[irst] [+cmd] *:bf* *:bfirst*
|
|
Same as |:brewind|.
|
|
Also see |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:sbr[ewind] [+cmd] *:sbr* *:sbrewind*
|
|
Split window and go to first buffer in buffer list. If the
|
|
buffer list is empty, go to the first unlisted buffer.
|
|
Respects the 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
Also see |+cmd|.
|
|
|
|
:sbf[irst] [+cmd] *:sbf* *:sbfirst*
|
|
Same as ":sbrewind".
|
|
|
|
:bl[ast][!] [+cmd] *:bl* *:blast*
|
|
Go to last buffer in buffer list. If the buffer list is
|
|
empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
|
|
See |:buffer-!| for [!].
|
|
|
|
:sbl[ast] [+cmd] *:sbl* *:sblast*
|
|
Split window and go to last buffer in buffer list. If the
|
|
buffer list is empty, go to the last unlisted buffer.
|
|
Respects 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
|
|
:[N]bm[odified][!] [+cmd] [N] *:bm* *:bmodified* *E84*
|
|
Go to [N]th next modified buffer. Note: this command also
|
|
finds unlisted buffers. If there is no modified buffer the
|
|
command fails.
|
|
|
|
:[N]sbm[odified] [+cmd] [N] *:sbm* *:sbmodified*
|
|
Split window and go to [N]th next modified buffer.
|
|
Respects 'switchbuf' option.
|
|
Note: this command also finds buffers not in the buffer list.
|
|
|
|
:[N]unh[ide] [N] *:unh* *:unhide* *:sun* *:sunhide*
|
|
:[N]sun[hide] [N]
|
|
Rearrange the screen to open one window for each loaded buffer
|
|
in the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the
|
|
maximum number of windows to open.
|
|
|
|
:[N]ba[ll] [N] *:ba* *:ball* *:sba* *:sball*
|
|
:[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one window for each buffer in
|
|
the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the maximum
|
|
number of windows to open. 'winheight' also limits the number
|
|
of windows opened ('winwidth' if |:vertical| was prepended).
|
|
Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
|
|
windows here, that's only done when they are really entered.
|
|
When the |:tab| modifier is used new windows are opened in a
|
|
new tab, up to 'tabpagemax'.
|
|
|
|
Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the
|
|
'readonly' flag as it was. This differs from the ":edit" command, which sets
|
|
the 'readonly' flag each time the file is read.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
12. Special kinds of buffers *special-buffers*
|
|
|
|
Instead of containing the text of a file, buffers can also be used for other
|
|
purposes. A few options can be set to change the behavior of a buffer:
|
|
'bufhidden' what happens when the buffer is no longer displayed
|
|
in a window.
|
|
'buftype' what kind of a buffer this is
|
|
'swapfile' whether the buffer will have a swap file
|
|
'buflisted' buffer shows up in the buffer list
|
|
|
|
A few useful kinds of a buffer:
|
|
|
|
quickfix Used to contain the error list or the location list. See
|
|
|:cwindow| and |:lwindow|. This command sets the 'buftype'
|
|
option to "quickfix". You are not supposed to change this!
|
|
'swapfile' is off.
|
|
|
|
help Contains a help file. Will only be created with the |:help|
|
|
command. The flag that indicates a help buffer is internal
|
|
and can't be changed. The 'buflisted' option will be reset
|
|
for a help buffer.
|
|
|
|
directory Displays directory contents. Can be used by a file explorer
|
|
plugin. The buffer is created with these settings: >
|
|
:setlocal buftype=nowrite
|
|
:setlocal bufhidden=delete
|
|
:setlocal noswapfile
|
|
< The buffer name is the name of the directory and is adjusted
|
|
when using the |:cd| command.
|
|
|
|
scratch Contains text that can be discarded at any time. It is kept
|
|
when closing the window, it must be deleted explicitly.
|
|
Settings: >
|
|
:setlocal buftype=nofile
|
|
:setlocal bufhidden=hide
|
|
:setlocal noswapfile
|
|
< The buffer name can be used to identify the buffer, if you
|
|
give it a meaningful name.
|
|
|
|
*unlisted-buffer*
|
|
unlisted The buffer is not in the buffer list. It is not used for
|
|
normal editing, but to show a help file, remember a file name
|
|
or marks. The ":bdelete" command will also set this option,
|
|
thus it doesn't completely delete the buffer. Settings: >
|
|
:setlocal nobuflisted
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|