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neovim/runtime/doc/dev_vimpatch.txt
Christian Clason fa79a8ad6d build(deps): vendor libvterm at v0.3.3 
Problem: Adding support for modern Nvim features (reflow, OSC 8, full
utf8/emoji support) requires coupling libvterm to Nvim internals
(e.g., utf8proc).

Solution: Vendor libvterm at v0.3.3.
2024-08-10 10:26:07 +02:00

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*dev_vimpatch.txt* Nvim
NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL
Merging patches from Vim *dev-vimpatch*
Nvim was forked from Vim 7.4.160; it is kept up-to-date with relevant Vim
patches in order to avoid duplicate work. Run `vim-patch.sh`
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/master/scripts/vim-patch.sh to see the
status of Vim patches:
>bash
./scripts/vim-patch.sh -l
<
Everyone is welcome to |dev-vimpatch-pull-requests| for relevant Vim
patches, but some types of patches are |dev-vimpatch-not-applicable|.
See |dev-vimpatch-quickstart| to get started immediately.
Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
==============================================================================
QUICKSTART *dev-vimpatch-quickstart*
1. Pull the Nvim source:
>bash
git clone https://github.com/neovim/neovim.git
<
2. Run `./scripts/vim-patch.sh -l` to see the list of missing Vim patches.
3. Choose a patch from the list (usually the oldest one), e.g. `8.0.0123`.
- Check for open vim-patch PRs
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+label%3Avim-patch.
4. Run `./scripts/vim-patch.sh -p 8.0.0123`
5. Follow the instructions given by the script.
NOTES ~
- It's strongly recommended to work on the oldest missing patch, because
later patches might depend on the changes.
- Use `git log --grep` or `git log -G` to search the Nvim/Vim source history
(even deleted code). E.g. to find `reset_option_was_set`: >bash
git log -p -G reset_option_was_set
<
- Pass `git log` options like `--grep` and `-G` to `./scripts/vim-patch.sh -L`
to filter unmerged Vim patches E.g. to find `+quickfix` patches: >bash
./scripts/vim-patch.sh -L --grep quickfix -- src
<
==============================================================================
PULL REQUESTS *dev-vimpatch-pull-requests*
Note: vim-patch.sh automates these steps for you. Use it!
- Install `gh` (https://cli.github.com/) if you want to use `vim-patch.sh` to
create PRs automatically
- The pull request title should include `vim-patch:8.x.xxxx` (no whitespace)
- The commit message
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/commit/4ccf1125ff569eccfc34abc4ad794044c5ab7455
should include:
- A token indicating the Vim patch number, formatted as follows:
`vim-patch:8.0.0123` (no whitespace)
- A URL pointing to the Vim commit:
https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/c8020ee825b9d9196b1329c0e097424576fc9b3a
- The original Vim commit message, including author
Reviewers: hint for reviewing `runtime/` patches
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/1744#issuecomment-68202876
==============================================================================
NA (NOT APPLICABLE) PATCHES *dev-vimpatch-not-applicable*
Many Vim patches are not applicable to Nvim. If you find NA patches, visit an
open "version.c: update" pull request
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pulls?q=is%3Apr+author%3Aapp%2Fgithub-actions+version.c+is%3Aopen
and mention the NA patches in a comment (please edit/update one comment,
rather than adding a new comment for each patch).
If there are no open `version.c: update` pull requests, include NA patches in
a commit message in the following format:
>
vim-patch:<version-or-commit>
vim-patch:<version-or-commit>
...
<
where `<version-or-commit>` is a valid Vim version (like `8.0.0123`) or
commit-id (SHA). Each patch is on a separate line.
It is preferred to include NA patches by squashing it in applicable Vim
patches, especially if the Vim patches are related. First line of the commit
message should be from the applicable Vim patch.
>
./scripts/vim-patch -p <na-patch>
./scripts/vim-patch -p <na-patch>
...
./scripts/vim-patch -P <patch>
git rebase -i master
<
Example:
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/commit/00f60c2ce78fc1280e93d5a36bc7b2267d5f4ac6
TYPES OF "NOT APPLICABLE" VIM PATCHES ~
- Vim9script features, and anything related to `:scriptversion`. (Nvim
supports Vimscript version 1 only.) Be aware that patches labelled `Vim9:`
may still contain applicable fixes to other parts of the codebase, so these
patch need to be checked individually.
- Updates to `testdir/Makefile` are usually NA because the Makefile implicitly
finds
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/commit/8a677f8a4bff6005fa39f090c14e970c3dfdbe6e#diff-b3c6ad6680a25a1b42095879e3a87104R52
all `test_*.vim` files.
- Compiler warning fixes: Nvim strives to have no warnings at all, and has a
very different build system from Vim.
- Note: Coverity fixes in Vim are relevant to Nvim.
- `*.proto` changes: Nvim autogenerates function prototypes
- `#ifdef` tweaking: For example, Vim decided to enable `FEAT_VISUAL` for all
platforms - but Nvim already does that. Adding new `FEAT_` guards also isn't
relevant to Nvim.
- Legacy system support: Fixes for legacy systems such as Amiga, OS/2 Xenix,
Mac OS 9, Windows older than XP SP2, are not needed because they are not
supported by Nvim.
- NA files: `src/Make_*`, `src/testdir/Make__*`
- `if_*.c` changes: `if_python.c` et. al. were removed.
- `term.c` changes: the Nvim TUI uses `libtermkey` to read terminal sequences;
Vim's `term.c` was removed.
- `job` patches: incompatible API and implementation
- NA files: `src/channel_*`, `src/job_*`, `src/testdir/test_channel_*`,
`src/testdir/test_job_*`
- `:terminal` patches that modify NA files: incompatible API and
implementation
- NA files: `src/terminal_*`, `src/testdir/test_terminal_*`
- `defaults.vim` patches
- Most GUI-related changes: Nvim GUIs are implemented external to the core C
codebase.
- NA files: `src/gui_*`, `src/gvim_*`, `src/GvimExt/*`, `src/testdir/test_gui*`
- `balloon` changes: Nvim does not support balloon feature
- NA files: `src/beval_*`, `src/testdir/test_balloon_*`
- Screendump tests from `test_popupwin.vim`, `test_popupwin_textprop.vim`:
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/12741#issuecomment-704677141
- json changes: incompatible API https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/4131
- NA files: `src/json*`, `src/testdir/test_json.vim`
- `test_restricted.vim` restricted mode is removed in
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/11996
- Many tests in `test_prompt_buffer.vim` require incompatible Vim features
such as `channel`; they should still be included, but skipped
- non-runtime documentation: Moved to https://neovim.io/doc/,
- NA files: `Filelist`, `README`, `INSTALL`,
- Anything else might be relevant; err on the side of caution, and post an
issue if you aren't sure.
==============================================================================
VERSION.C *dev-vimpatch-version.c*
The list of Vim patches in `src/nvim/version.c` is automatically updated
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/7780 based on the presence of
`vim-patch:xxx` tokens in the Nvim git log.
- Don't update `src/nvim/version.c` yourself.
- `scripts/vim-patch.sh -p` intentionally omits `version.c` to avoid merge
conflicts and save time when porting a patch.
- The automation script (`scripts/vimpatch.lua`) only recognizes tokens like
`vim-patch:8.0.1206`, not `vim-patch:<hash>`.
==============================================================================
CODE DIFFERENCES *dev-vimpatch-code-differences*
The following functions have been removed or deprecated in favor of newer
alternatives. See `memory.c`
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/master/src/nvim/memory.c for more
information.
>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Deprecated or removed Replacement
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
vim_free xfree
VIM_CLEAR(&foo) XFREE_CLEAR(foo)
malloc alloc lalloc lalloc_id ALLOC_ONE xmalloc
calloc lalloc_clear xcalloc
realloc vim_realloc xrealloc
mch_memmove memmove
vim_memset copy_chars copy_spaces memset
vim_strbyte strchr
vim_strncpy strncpy xstrlcpy/xmemcpyz
vim_strcat strncat xstrlcat
VIM_ISWHITE ascii_iswhite
IS_WHITE_OR_NUL ascii_iswhite_or_nul
vim_isalpha mb_isalpha
vim_isNormalIDc ascii_isident
vim_islower vim_isupper mb_islower mb_isupper
vim_tolower vim_toupper mb_tolower mb_toupper
mb_ptr2len utfc_ptr2len
mb_ptr2len_len utfc_ptr2len_len
mb_char2len utf_char2len
mb_char2bytes utf_char2bytes
mb_ptr2cells utf_ptr2cells
mb_ptr2cells_len utf_ptr2cells_len
mb_char2cells utf_char2cells
mb_off2cells utf_off2cells
mb_ptr2char utf_ptr2char
mb_head_off utf_head_off
mb_tail_off utf_cp_bounds
mb_strnicmp2 utf_strnicmp
MB_STRNICMP2 utf_strnicmp
mb_lefthalve grid_lefthalve
mb_fix_col grid_fix_col
utf_off2cells grid_off2cells
ml_get_curline get_cursor_line_ptr
ml_get_cursor get_cursor_pos_ptr
ml_get_curline_len get_cursor_line_len
ml_get_cursor_len get_cursor_pos_len
screen_char ui_line
screen_line grid_put_linebuf
screen_* (most functions) grid_*
update_prepare, update_finish #9484 removed; use update_screen only
ARRAY_LENGTH ARRAY_SIZE
vim_strsave_escape_csi vim_strsave_escape_ks
vim_unescape_csi vim_unescape_ks
gettail path_tail
mch_isFullName path_is_absolute
script_do_profile profile_init
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<
Make sure to note the difference between `utf_` and `utfc_` when replacing
`mb_` functions. Also indirect call syntax `(*mb_ptr2len)(...)` should be
replaced with an ordinary function call `utfc_ptr2len(...)`.
>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Data type Format (Vim source) Portable format (Nvim source)
------------ ----------------------- ----------------------------------
long long "%lld" "%" PRId64
size_t "%ld" "%zu"
linenr_T "%ld" "%" PRIdLINENR
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<
- See also: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/1729#discussion_r22423779
- Vim's `ga_init2` was renamed to `ga_init` and the original `ga_init` is
gone.
- "Old style" Vim tests (`src/testdir/*.in`) should be converted to Lua tests
(see #1286 https://github.com/neovim/neovim/issues/1286 and #1328
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/1328). See Checklist for migrating
legacy tests
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/blob/master/test/README.md#checklist-for-migrating-legacy-tests.
- However, please do not convert "new style" Vim tests
(`src/testdir/*.vim`) to Lua. The "new style" Vim tests are faster than
the old ones, and converting them takes time and effort better spent
elsewhere. Just copy them to `test/old/testdir/*.vim`.
- Conditions that check `enc_utf8` or `has_mbyte` are obsolete (only the
"true" case is applicable).
- `enc_utf8` and `has_mbyte` macros were removed in
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/13293
- Check for `CSI` in typeahead buffer is only necessary in Vim with
`FEAT_GUI`. `CSI` does not have a special meaning in typeahead buffer in
Nvim. (also see https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/16936)
==============================================================================
LIST MANAGEMENT *dev-vimpatch-list-management*
Management of lists (types `list_T` and `listitem_T` from vim) was changed in
https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/7708/. There is a lint against the "old"
usage, but here are the most important changes.
Declarations for the table
- `list_T list`: a list
- `listitem_T li`: an item of `list`
- `int val` a value for `lv_copyID`
>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old New Comment
------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
list->lv_first tv_list_first(list)
list->lv_last tv_list_last(list)
li->li_next TV_LIST_ITEM_NEXT(list, li) To be avoided if possible, must use list which li belongs to.
li->li_prev TV_LIST_ITEM_PREV(list, li) To be avoided if possible, must use list which li belongs to.
Suggestion by @ZyX-l: Use TV_LIST_ITER or indexing instead of the previous two calls.
list->lv_len tv_list_len(list)
list->lv_lock tv_list_locked(list)
&li->li_tv TV_LIST_ITEM_TV(li)
list->lv_refcount++ tv_list_ref(list)
val = list->lv_copyID val = tv_list_copyid(list)
list->lv_copyID = val tv_list_set_copyid(list, val)
for (li = list->lv_first; TV_LIST_ITER_CONST(list, li, Use TV_LIST_ITER(...) if you need to
li != NULL && another_cond; { if (another_cond) {break;} code}) modify list items (note: assigning copyID is also modification and this happens
li = li->li_next) code always when recursively traversing a list).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<
For more details and some more advanced usage, see `typval.h` and `typval.c`.
==============================================================================
DOCUMENTATION DIFFERENCES *dev-vimpatch-documentation*
The following should be removed from all imported documentation, and not be
used in new documentation:
- `{Only when compiled with ...}`: the vast majority of features have been
made non-optional (see https://github.com/neovim/neovim/wiki/Introduction)
==============================================================================
FILETYPE DETECTION *dev-vimpatch-filetype*
Nvim's filetype detection behavior matches Vim, but is implemented as part of
|vim.filetype| (see `$VIMRUNTIME/lua/vim/filetype.lua`). The logic is encoded in
three tables, listed in order of precedence (the first match is returned):
1. `filename` for literal full path or basename lookup;
2. `pattern` for matching filenames or paths against |lua-patterns|, optimized
for fast lookup;
3. `extension` for literal extension lookup.
Logic that requires checking file contents or buffer variables is implemented
in `$VIMRUNTIME/lua/vim/filetype/detect.lua`.
When porting filetype patches from Vim, keep the following in mind:
Prefer explicit filenames or extensions over patterns, especially for case
insensitive matches (see https://github.com/neovim/neovim/pull/29800): >
"*[mM]akefile" regex -> "makefile", "Makefile" filenames
"*.js\c" regex -> "js", "jS", "Js", "jS" extensions
Pattern matching has several differences:
- It is done using explicit Lua patterns without implicit anchoring instead
of Vim regexes: >
"*/debian/changelog" -> "/debian/changelog$"
"*/bind/db.*" -> "/bind/db%."
<
- Filetype patterns are grouped by their parent pattern to improve matching
performance: If the parent pattern does not match, skip testing all child
patterns. Note that unlike leaf patterns, parent patterns do not have
special matching behaviour if they contain a `/`.
When adding a new filetype with pattern matching, consider the following:
- If there is already a group with appropriate parent pattern, use it.
- If there can be a fast and specific enough pattern to group at least 3
filetype patterns, add it as a separate grouped entry.
New parent patterns should be
- fast: rule of thumb is that it should be a short explicit string
(i.e. no quantifiers or character sets);
- specific: rules of thumb, in order:
- full directory name (e.g., `"/etc/"`, `"/log/"`);
- part of a rare enough directory name (e.g., `"/conf"`, `"git/"`);
- string rarely used in real full paths (e.g., `"nginx"`).
Example:
- Filetype pattern: `".*/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg"`
- Good parents: `"/etc/"` or `"%.cfg$"`
- Bad parents: `"%."` (fast but not specific) or `"/a2ps/.*%."` (specific
but slow)
When modifying an existing regular pattern, make sure that it still fits its
group.
vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:
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