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458 lines
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458 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
*gui_w32.txt* For Vim version 7.4. Last change: 2014 Dec 20
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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Vim's Win32 Graphical User Interface *gui-w32* *win32-gui*
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1. Starting the GUI |gui-w32-start|
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2. Vim as default editor |vim-default-editor|
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3. Using the clipboard |gui-clipboard|
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4. Shell Commands |gui-shell-win32|
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5. Special colors |win32-colors|
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6. Windows dialogs & browsers |gui-w32-dialogs|
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7. Command line arguments |gui-w32-cmdargs|
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8. Various |gui-w32-various|
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Other relevant documentation:
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|gui.txt| For generic items of the GUI.
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|os_win32.txt| For Win32 specific items.
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==============================================================================
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1. Starting the GUI *gui-w32-start*
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The Win32 GUI version of Vim will always start the GUI, no matter how you
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start it or what it's called.
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The GUI will always run in the Windows subsystem. Mostly shells automatically
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return with a command prompt after starting gvim. If not, you should use the
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"start" command: >
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start gvim [options] file ..
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Note: All fonts (bold, italic) must be of the same size!!! If you don't do
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this, text will disappear or mess up the display. Vim does not check the font
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sizes. It's the size in screen pixels that must be the same. Note that some
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fonts that have the same point size don't have the same pixel size!
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Additionally, the positioning of the fonts must be the same (ascent and
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descent).
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The Win32 GUI has an extra menu item: "Edit/Select Font". It brings up the
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standard Windows font selector.
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Setting the menu height doesn't work for the Win32 GUI.
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*gui-win32-maximized*
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If you want Vim to start with a maximized window, add this command to your
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vimrc or gvimrc file: >
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au GUIEnter * simalt ~x
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<
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*gui-w32s*
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There is a specific version of gvim.exe that runs under the Win32s subsystem
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of Windows 3.1 or 3.11. See |win32s|.
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==============================================================================
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2. Vim as default editor *vim-default-editor*
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To set Vim as the default editor for a file type:
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1. Start a Windows Explorer
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2. Choose View/Options -> File Types
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3. Select the path to gvim for every file type that you want to use it for.
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(you can also use three spaces in the file type field, for files without an
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extension).
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In the "open" action, use: >
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gvim "%1"
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< The quotes are required for using file names with embedded spaces.
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You can also use this: >
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gvim "%L"
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< This should avoid short (8.3 character) file names in some situations. But
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I'm not sure if this works everywhere.
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When you open a file in Vim by double clicking it, Vim changes to that
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file's directory.
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If you want Vim to start full-screen, use this for the Open action: >
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gvim -c "simalt ~x" "%1"
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Another method, which also works when you put Vim in another directory (e.g.,
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when you have got a new version):
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1. select a file you want to use Vim with
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2. <Shift-F10>
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3. select "Open With..." menu entry
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4. click "Other..."
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5. browse to the (new) location of Vim and click "Open"
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6. make "Always Use this program..." checked
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7. <OK>
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*send-to-menu* *sendto*
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You can also install Vim in the "Send To" menu:
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1. Start a Windows Explorer
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2. Navigate to your sendto directory:
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Windows 95: %windir%\sendto (e.g. "c:\windows\sendto")
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Windows NT: %windir%\profiles\%user%\sendto (e.g.
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"c:\winnt\profiles\mattha\sendto").
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3. Right-click in the file pane and select New->Shortcut
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4. Follow the shortcut wizard, using the full path to VIM/GVIM.
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When you 'send a file to Vim', Vim changes to that file's directory. Note,
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however, that any long directory names will appear in their short (MS-DOS)
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form. This is a limitation of the Windows "Send To" mechanism.
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*notepad*
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You could replace notepad.exe with gvim.exe, but that has a few side effects.
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Some programs rely on notepad arguments, which are not recognized by Vim. For
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example "notepad -p" is used by some applications to print a file. It's
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better to leave notepad where it is and use another way to start Vim.
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*win32-popup-menu*
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A more drastic approach is to install an "Edit with Vim" entry in the popup
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menu for the right mouse button. With this you can edit any file with Vim.
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This can co-exist with the file associations mentioned above. The difference
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is that the file associations will make starting Vim the default action. With
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the "Edit with Vim" menu entry you can keep the existing file association for
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double clicking on the file, and edit the file with Vim when you want. For
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example, you can associate "*.mak" with your make program. You can execute
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the makefile by double clicking it and use the "Edit with Vim" entry to edit
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the makefile.
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You can select any files and right-click to see a menu option called "Edit
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with gvim". Choosing this menu option will invoke gvim with the file you have
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selected. If you select multiple files, you will find two gvim-related menu
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options:
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"Edit with multiple gvims" -- one gvim for each file in the selection
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"Edit with single gvim" -- one gvim for all the files in the selection
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And if there already is a gvim running:
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"Edit with existing gvim" -- edit the file with the running gvim
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The "edit with existing Vim" entries can be disabled by adding an entry in the
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registry under HKLM\Software\Vim\Gvim, named DisableEditWithExisting, and with
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any value.
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*install-registry*
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You can add the "Edit with Vim" menu entry in an easy way by using the
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"install.exe" program. It will add several registry entries for you.
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You can also do this by hand. This is complicated! Use the install.exe if
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you can.
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1. Start the registry editor with "regedit".
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2. Add these keys:
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key value name value ~
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HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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{default} Vim Shell Extension
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HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}\InProcServer32
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{default} {path}\gvimext.dll
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ThreadingModel Apartment
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HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\gvim
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{default} {51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Shell Extensions\Approved
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{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}
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Vim Shell Extension
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Vim\Gvim
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path {path}\gvim.exe
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\vim 5.6
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DisplayName Vim 5.6: Edit with Vim popup menu entry
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UninstallString {path}\uninstal.exe
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Replace {path} with the path that leads to the executable.
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Don't type {default}, this is the value for the key itself.
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To remove "Edit with Vim" from the popup menu, just remove the registry
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entries mentioned above. The "uninstal.exe" program can do this for you. You
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can also use the entry in the Windows standard "Add/Remove Programs" list.
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If you notice that this entry overrules other file type associations, set
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those associations again by hand (using Windows Explorer, see above). This
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only seems to happen on some Windows NT versions (Windows bug?). Procedure:
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1. Find the name of the file type. This can be done by starting the registry
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editor, and searching for the extension in \\HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
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2. In a Windows Explorer, use View/Options/File Types. Search for the file
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type in the list and click "Edit". In the actions list, you can select on
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to be used as the default (normally the "open" action) and click on the
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"Set Default" button.
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Vim in the "Open With..." context menu *win32-open-with-menu*
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If you use the Vim install program you have the choice to add Vim to the "Open
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With..." menu. This means you can use Vim to edit many files. Not every file
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(for unclear reasons...), thus the "Edit with Vim" menu entry is still useful.
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One reason to add this is to be able to edit HTML files directly from Internet
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Explorer. To enable this use the "Tools" menu, "Internet Options..." entry.
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In the dialog select the "Programs" tab and select Vim in the "HTML editor"
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choice. If it's not there than installing didn't work properly.
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Doing this manually can be done with this script:
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----------------------------------------------------------
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REGEDIT4
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe]
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell]
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit]
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit\command]
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@="c:\\vim\\vim62\\gvim.exe \"%1\""
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.htm\OpenWithList\gvim.exe]
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[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\OpenWithList\gvim.exe]
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----------------------------------------------------------
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Change the "c:\\vim\\vim62" bit to where gvim.exe is actually located.
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To uninstall this run the Vim uninstall program or manually delete the
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registry entries with "regedit".
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==============================================================================
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3. Using the clipboard *gui-clipboard*
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Windows has a clipboard, where you can copy text to, and paste text from. Vim
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supports this in several ways. For other systems see |gui-selections|.
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The "* register reflects the contents of the clipboard. |quotestar|
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When the "unnamed" string is included in the 'clipboard' option, the unnamed
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register is the same. Thus you can yank to and paste from the clipboard
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without prepending "* to commands.
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The 'a' flag in 'guioptions' is not included by default. This means that text
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is only put on the clipboard when an operation is performed on it. Just
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Visually selecting text doesn't put it on the clipboard. When the 'a' flag is
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included, the text is copied to the clipboard even when it is not operated
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upon.
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*mswin.vim*
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To use the standard MS-Windows way of CTRL-X, CTRL-C and CTRL-V, use the
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$VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim script. You could add this line to your _vimrc file: >
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source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
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Since CTRL-C is used to copy the text to the clipboard, it can't be used to
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cancel an operation. Use CTRL-Break for that.
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CTRL-Z is used for undo. This means you can't suspend Vim with this key, use
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|:suspend| instead (if it's supported at all).
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*CTRL-V-alternative* *CTRL-Q*
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Since CTRL-V is used to paste, you can't use it to start a blockwise Visual
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selection. You can use CTRL-Q instead. You can also use CTRL-Q in Insert
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mode and Command-line mode to get the old meaning of CTRL-V. But CTRL-Q
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doesn't work for terminals when it's used for control flow.
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NOTE: The clipboard support still has a number of bugs. See |todo|.
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==============================================================================
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4. Shell Commands *gui-shell-win32*
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Vim uses another window for external commands, to make it possible to run any
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command. The external command gets its own environment for running, just like
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it was started from a DOS prompt.
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*win32-vimrun*
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Executing an external command is done indirectly by the "vimrun" command. The
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"vimrun.exe" must be in the path for this to work. Or it must be in the same
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directory as the Vim executable. If "vimrun" cannot be found, the command is
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executed directly, but then the DOS window closes immediately after the
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external command has finished.
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WARNING: If you close this window with the "X" button, and confirm the
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question if you really want to kill the application, Vim may be killed too!
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(This does not apply to commands run asynchronously with ":!start".)
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*msdos-mode*
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If you get a dialog that says "This program is set to run in MS-DOS mode..."
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when you run an external program, you can solve this by changing the
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properties of the associated shortcut:
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- Use a Windows Explorer to find the command.com that is used. It can be
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c:\command.com, c:\dos\command.com, c:\windows\command.com, etc.
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- With the right mouse button, select properties of this command.com.
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- In the Program tab select "Advanced".
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- Unselect "MS-DOS mode".
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- Click "OK" twice.
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*win32-!start*
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Normally, Vim waits for a command to complete before continuing (this makes
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sense for most shell commands which produce output for Vim to use). If you
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want Vim to start a program and return immediately, you can use the following
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syntax on W95 & NT: >
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:!start [/min] {command}
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The optional "/min" causes the window to be minimized.
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On Win32s, you will have to go to another window instead. Don't forget that
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you must tell Windows 3.1x to keep executing a DOS command in the background
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while you switch back to Vim.
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==============================================================================
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5. Special colors *win32-colors*
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On Win32, the normal DOS colors can be used. See |dos-colors|.
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Additionally the system configured colors can also be used. These are known
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by the names Sys_XXX, where XXX is the appropriate system color name, from the
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following list (see the Win32 documentation for full descriptions). Case is
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ignored. Note: On Win32s not all of these colors are supported.
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Sys_3DDKShadow Sys_3DFace Sys_BTNFace
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Sys_3DHilight Sys_3DHighlight Sys_BTNHilight
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Sys_BTNHighlight Sys_3DLight Sys_3DShadow
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Sys_BTNShadow Sys_ActiveBorder Sys_ActiveCaption
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Sys_AppWorkspace Sys_Background Sys_Desktop
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Sys_BTNText Sys_CaptionText Sys_GrayText
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Sys_Highlight Sys_HighlightText Sys_InactiveBorder
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Sys_InactiveCaption Sys_InactiveCaptionText Sys_InfoBK
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Sys_InfoText Sys_Menu Sys_MenuText
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Sys_ScrollBar Sys_Window Sys_WindowFrame
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Sys_WindowText
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Probably the most useful values are
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Sys_Window Normal window background
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Sys_WindowText Normal window text
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Sys_Highlight Highlighted background
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Sys_HighlightText Highlighted text
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These extra colors are also available:
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Gray, Grey, LightYellow, SeaGreen, Orange, Purple, SlateBlue, Violet,
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*rgb.txt*
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Additionally, colors defined by a "rgb.txt" file can be used. This file is
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well known from X11. A few lines from it: >
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255 218 185 peach puff
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205 133 63 peru
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255 181 197 pink
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This shows the layout of the file: First the R, G and B value as a decimal
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number, followed by the name of the color. The four fields are separated by
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spaces.
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You can get an rgb.txt file from any X11 distribution. It is located in a
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directory like "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/". For Vim it must be located in the
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$VIMRUNTIME directory. Thus the file can be found with "$VIMRUNTIME/rgb.txt".
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==============================================================================
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*gui-w32-dialogs* *dialog*
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6. Windows dialogs & browsers
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The Win32 GUI can use familiar Windows components for some operations, as well
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as the traditional interface shared with the console version.
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6.1 Dialogs
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The dialogs displayed by the "confirm" family (i.e. the 'confirm' option,
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|:confirm| command and |confirm()| function) are GUI-based rather than the
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console-based ones used by other versions. The 'c' flag in 'guioptions'
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changes this.
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6.2 File Browsers
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When prepending ":browse" before file editing commands, a file requester is
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used to allow you to select an existing file. See |:browse|.
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==============================================================================
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7. Command line arguments *gui-w32-cmdargs*
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Analysis of a command line into parameters is not standardised in MS Windows.
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Gvim has to provide logic to analyse a command line. This logic is likely to
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be different from the default logic provided by a compilation system used to
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build vim. The differences relate to unusual double quote (") usage.
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The arguments "C:\My Music\freude.txt" and "+/Sch\"iller" are handled in the
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same way. The argument "+/Sch""iller" may be handled different by gvim and
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vim, depending what it was compiled with.
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The rules are:
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a) A parameter is a sequence of graphic characters.
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b) Parameters are separated by white space.
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c) A parameter can be enclosed in double quotes to include white space.
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d) A sequence of zero or more backslashes (\) and a double quote (")
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is special. The effective number of backslashes is halved, rounded
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down. An even number of backslashes reverses the acceptability of
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spaces and tabs, an odd number of backslashes produces a literal
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double quote.
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So:
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" is a special double quote
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\" is a literal double quote
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\\" is a literal backslash and a special double quote
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\\\" is a literal backslash and a literal double quote
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\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a special double quote
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\\\\\" is 2 literal backslashes and a literal double quote
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etc.
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Example: >
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gvim "C:\My Music\freude" +"set ignorecase" +/"\"foo\\" +\"bar\\\"
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opens "C:\My Music\freude" and executes the line mode commands: >
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set ignorecase; /"foo\ and /bar\"
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==============================================================================
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8. Various *gui-w32-various*
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*gui-w32-printing*
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The "File/Print" menu prints the text with syntax highlighting, see
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|:hardcopy|. If you just want to print the raw text and have a default
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printer installed this should also work: >
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:w >>prn
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Vim supports a number of standard MS Windows features. Some of these are
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detailed elsewhere: see |'mouse'|, |win32-hidden-menus|.
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*drag-n-drop-win32*
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You can drag and drop one or more files into the Vim window, where they will
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be opened as normal. See |drag-n-drop|.
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*:simalt* *:si*
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:sim[alt] {key} simulate pressing {key} while holding Alt pressed.
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{only for Win32 versions}
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Normally, Vim takes control of all Alt-<Key> combinations, to increase the
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number of possible mappings. This clashes with the standard use of Alt as the
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key for accessing menus.
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The quick way of getting standard behavior is to set the 'winaltkeys' option
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to "yes". This however prevents you from mapping Alt keys at all.
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Another way is to set 'winaltkeys' to "menu". Menu shortcut keys are then
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handled by windows, other ALT keys can be mapped. This doesn't allow a
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dependency on the current state though.
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To get round this, the :simalt command allows Vim (when 'winaltkeys' is not
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"yes") to fake a Windows-style Alt keypress. You can use this to map Alt key
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combinations (or anything else for that matter) to produce standard Windows
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actions. Here are some examples: >
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:map <M-f> :simalt f<CR>
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This makes Alt-F pop down the 'File' menu (with the stock Menu.vim) by
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simulating the keystrokes Alt, F. >
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:map <M-Space> :simalt ~<CR>
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This maps Alt-Space to pop down the system menu for the Vim window. Note that
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~ is used by simalt to represent the <Space> character. >
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:map <C-n> :simalt ~n<CR>
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Maps Control-N to produce the keys Alt-Space followed by N. This minimizes the
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Vim window via the system menu.
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Note that the key changes depending on the language you are using.
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*intellimouse-wheel-problems*
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When using the Intellimouse mouse wheel causes Vim to stop accepting input, go
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to:
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ControlPanel - Mouse - Wheel - UniversalScrolling - Exceptions
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And add gvim to the list of applications. This problem only appears to happen
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with the Intellimouse driver 2.2 and when "Universal Scrolling" is turned on.
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XPM support *w32-xpm-support*
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Gvim can be build on MS-Windows with support for XPM files. |+xpm_w32|
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See the Make_mvc.mak file for instructions, search for XPM.
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To try out if XPM support works do this: >
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:help
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:exe 'sign define vimxpm icon=' . $VIMRUNTIME . '\\vim16x16.xpm'
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:exe 'sign place 1 line=1 name=vimxpm file=' . expand('%:p')
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<
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vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
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