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The purpose of the {Nvim} hint was not well-defined, and its usage
inconsistent. It's also unnecessary.
Nvim-Vim differences are centralized at:
:help vim-differences
Removed things are centralized at:
:help deprecated
Developer guidelines for documentation are listed at:
:help dev-doc
643 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
643 lines
24 KiB
Plaintext
*various.txt* Nvim
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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Various commands *various*
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Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
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==============================================================================
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1. Various commands *various-cmds*
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*CTRL-L*
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CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen. The redraw may happen
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later, after processing typeahead.
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*:redr* *:redraw*
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:redr[aw][!] Redraw the screen right now. When ! is included it is
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cleared first.
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Useful to update the screen halfway through executing
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a script or function (or a mapping if 'lazyredraw'
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set).
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*:redraws* *:redrawstatus*
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:redraws[tatus][!] Redraw the status line of the current window. When !
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is included all status lines are redrawn.
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Useful to update the status line(s) when 'statusline'
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includes an item that doesn't cause automatic
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updating.
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*N<Del>*
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<Del> When entering a number: Remove the last digit.
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Note: if you like to use <BS> for this, add this
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mapping to your vimrc: >
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:map CTRL-V <BS> CTRL-V <Del>
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<
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:as[cii] or *ga* *:as* *:ascii*
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ga Print the ascii value of the character under the
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cursor in decimal, hexadecimal and octal.
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Mnemonic: Get Ascii value.
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For example, when the cursor is on a 'R':
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<R> 82, Hex 52, Octal 122 ~
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When the character is a non-standard ASCII character,
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but printable according to the 'isprint' option, the
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non-printable version is also given.
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When the character is larger than 127, the <M-x> form
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is also printed. For example:
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<~A> <M-^A> 129, Hex 81, Octal 201 ~
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<p> <|~> <M-~> 254, Hex fe, Octal 376 ~
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(where <p> is a special character)
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The <Nul> character in a file is stored internally as
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<NL>, but it will be shown as:
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<^@> 0, Hex 00, Octal 000 ~
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If the character has composing characters these are
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also shown. The value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter.
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If the character can be inserted as a digraph, also
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output the two characters that can be used to create
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the character:
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<ö> 246, Hex 00f6, Oct 366, Digr o: ~
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This shows you can type CTRL-K o : to insert ö.
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*g8*
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g8 Print the hex values of the bytes used in the
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character under the cursor, assuming it is in |UTF-8|
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encoding. This also shows composing characters. The
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value of 'maxcombine' doesn't matter.
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Example of a character with two composing characters:
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e0 b8 81 + e0 b8 b9 + e0 b9 89 ~
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*8g8*
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8g8 Find an illegal UTF-8 byte sequence at or after the
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cursor. This works in two situations:
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1. when 'encoding' is any 8-bit encoding
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2. when 'encoding' is "utf-8" and 'fileencoding' is
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any 8-bit encoding
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Thus it can be used when editing a file that was
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supposed to be UTF-8 but was read as if it is an 8-bit
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encoding because it contains illegal bytes.
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Does not wrap around the end of the file.
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Note that when the cursor is on an illegal byte or the
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cursor is halfway through a multi-byte character the
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command won't move the cursor.
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*:p* *:pr* *:print* *E749*
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:[range]p[rint] [flags]
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Print [range] lines (default current line).
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Note: If you are looking for a way to print your text
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on paper see |:hardcopy|. In the GUI you can use the
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File.Print menu entry.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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The |:filter| command can be used to only show lines
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matching a pattern.
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:[range]p[rint] {count} [flags]
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Print {count} lines, starting with [range] (default
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current line |cmdline-ranges|).
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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*:l* *:list*
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:[range]l[ist] [count] [flags]
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Same as :print, but display unprintable characters
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with '^' and put $ after the line. This can be
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further changed with the 'listchars' option.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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*:nu* *:number*
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:[range]nu[mber] [count] [flags]
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Same as :print, but precede each line with its line
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number. (See also |hl-LineNr| and 'numberwidth').
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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*:#*
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:[range]# [count] [flags]
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synonym for :number.
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*:#!*
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:#!{anything} Ignored, so that you can start a Vim script with: >
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#!vim -S
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echo "this is a Vim script"
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quit
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<
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*:z* *E144*
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:{range}z[+-^.=]{count} Display several lines of text surrounding the line
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specified with {range}, or around the current line
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if there is no {range}. If there is a {count}, that's
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how many lines you'll see; if there is only one window
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then twice the value of the 'scroll' option is used,
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otherwise the current window height minus 3 is used.
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If there is a {count} the 'window' option is set to
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its value.
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:z can be used either alone or followed by any of
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several punctuation marks. These have the following
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effect:
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mark first line last line new cursor line ~
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---- ---------- --------- ------------
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+ current line 1 scr forward 1 scr forward
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- 1 scr back current line current line
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^ 2 scr back 1 scr back 1 scr back
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. 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd 1/2 scr fwd
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= 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd current line
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Specifying no mark at all is the same as "+".
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If the mark is "=", a line of dashes is printed
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around the current line.
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:{range}z#[+-^.=]{count} *:z#*
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Like ":z", but number the lines.
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{not in all versions of Vi, not with these arguments}
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*:=*
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:= [flags] Print the last line number.
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See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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:{range}= [flags] Prints the last line number in {range}. For example,
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this prints the current line number: >
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:.=
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< See |ex-flags| for [flags].
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:norm[al][!] {commands} *:norm* *:normal*
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Execute Normal mode commands {commands}. This makes
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it possible to execute Normal mode commands typed on
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the command-line. {commands} are executed like they
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are typed. For undo all commands are undone together.
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Execution stops when an error is encountered.
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If the [!] is given, mappings will not be used.
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Without it, when this command is called from a
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non-remappable mapping (|:noremap|), the argument can
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be mapped anyway.
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{commands} should be a complete command. If
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{commands} does not finish a command, the last one
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will be aborted as if <Esc> or <C-C> was typed.
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This implies that an insert command must be completed
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(to start Insert mode, see |:startinsert|). A ":"
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command must be completed as well. And you can't use
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"Q" or "gQ" to start Ex mode.
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The display is not updated while ":normal" is busy.
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{commands} cannot start with a space. Put a count of
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1 (one) before it, "1 " is one space.
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The 'insertmode' option is ignored for {commands}.
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This command cannot be followed by another command,
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since any '|' is considered part of the command.
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This command can be used recursively, but the depth is
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limited by 'maxmapdepth'.
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An alternative is to use |:execute|, which uses an
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expression as argument. This allows the use of
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printable characters to represent special characters.
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Example: >
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:exe "normal \<c-w>\<c-w>"
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<
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:{range}norm[al][!] {commands} *:normal-range*
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Execute Normal mode commands {commands} for each line
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in the {range}. Before executing the {commands}, the
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cursor is positioned in the first column of the range,
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for each line. Otherwise it's the same as the
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":normal" command without a range.
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*:sh* *:shell* *E371* *E360*
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:sh[ell] Removed. |vim-differences|
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*:terminal* *:te*
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:te[rminal][!] [{cmd}] Run {cmd} in a non-interactive 'shell' in a new
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|terminal-emulator| buffer. Without {cmd}, start an
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interactive 'shell'.
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Type |i| to enter |Terminal-mode|, then keys are sent to
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the job running in the terminal. Type <C-\><C-N> to
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leave Terminal-mode. |CTRL-\_CTRL-N|
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Fails if changes have been made to the current buffer,
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unless 'hidden' is set.
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To enter |Terminal-mode| automatically: >
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autocmd TermOpen * startinsert
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<
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*:!cmd* *:!* *E34*
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:!{cmd} Execute {cmd} with 'shell'. See also |:terminal|.
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Any '!' in {cmd} is replaced with the previous
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external command (see also 'cpoptions'). But not when
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there is a backslash before the '!', then that
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backslash is removed. Example: ":!ls" followed by
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":!echo ! \! \\!" executes "echo ls ! \!".
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A '|' in {cmd} is passed to the shell, you cannot use
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it to append a Vim command. See |:bar|.
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If {cmd} contains "%" it is expanded to the current
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file name. Special characters are not escaped, use
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quotes to avoid their special meaning: >
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:!ls "%"
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< If the file name contains a "$" single quotes might
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work better (but a single quote causes trouble): >
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:!ls '%'
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< This should always work, but it's more typing: >
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:exe "!ls " . shellescape(expand("%"))
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<
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A newline character ends {cmd}, what follows is
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interpreted as a following ":" command. However, if
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there is a backslash before the newline it is removed
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and {cmd} continues. It doesn't matter how many
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backslashes are before the newline, only one is
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removed.
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The command runs in a non-interactive shell connected
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to a pipe (not a terminal). Use |:terminal| to run an
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interactive shell connected to a terminal.
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After the command has been executed, the timestamp and
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size of the current file is checked |timestamp|.
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If the command produces too much output some lines may
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be skipped so the command can execute quickly. No
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data is lost, this only affects the display. The last
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few lines are always displayed (never skipped).
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Vim redraws the screen after the command is finished,
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because it may have printed any text. This requires a
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hit-enter prompt, so that you can read any messages.
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To avoid this use: >
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:silent !{cmd}
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< The screen is not redrawn then, thus you have to use
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CTRL-L or ":redraw!" if the command did display
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something.
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*:!!*
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:!! Repeat last ":!{cmd}".
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*:ve* *:version*
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:ve[rsion] Print the version number of the editor. The following
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lines contain information about which features were
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enabled when Vim was compiled. When there is a
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preceding '+', the feature is included, when there is
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a '-' it is excluded. To change this, you have to
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edit feature.h and recompile Vim. To check for this
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in an expression, see |has()|. Here is an overview of
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the features. The first column shows the smallest
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version in which they are included:
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T tiny
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S small
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N normal
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B big
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H huge
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m manually enabled or depends on other features
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(none) system dependent
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Thus if a feature is marked with "N", it is included
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in the normal, big and huge versions of Vim.
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*+feature-list*
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*+acl* |ACL| support included
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B *+arabic* |Arabic| language support
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N *+autocmd* |:autocmd|, automatic commands
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N *+browse* |:browse| command
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N *+byte_offset* support for 'o' flag in 'statusline' option, "go"
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and ":goto" commands.
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N *+cindent* |'cindent'|, C indenting
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N *+clientserver* Unix and Win32: Remote invocation |clientserver|
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*+clipboard* |clipboard| support
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N *+cmdline_compl* command line completion |cmdline-completion|
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S *+cmdline_hist* command line history |cmdline-history|
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N *+cmdline_info* |'showcmd'| and |'ruler'|
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N *+comments* |'comments'| support
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B *+conceal* "conceal" support, see |conceal| |:syn-conceal| etc.
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B *+cscope* |cscope| support
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m *+cursorbind* |'cursorbind'| support
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m *+debug* Compiled for debugging.
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N *+dialog_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI dialog.
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N *+dialog_con* Support for |:confirm| with console dialog.
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N *+dialog_con_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI and console dialog.
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N *+digraphs* |digraphs| *E196*
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N *+eval* expression evaluation |eval.txt|
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N *+ex_extra* always on now, used to be for Vim's extra Ex commands
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N *+extra_search* |'hlsearch'| and |'incsearch'| options.
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B *+farsi* |farsi| language
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N *+file_in_path* |gf|, |CTRL-W_f| and |<cfile>|
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N *+find_in_path* include file searches: |[I|, |:isearch|,
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|CTRL-W_CTRL-I|, |:checkpath|, etc.
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N *+folding* |folding|
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N *+gettext* message translations |multi-lang|
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*+iconv* Compiled with the |iconv()| function
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*+iconv/dyn* Likewise |iconv-dynamic| |/dyn|
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N *+insert_expand* |insert_expand| Insert mode completion
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S *+jumplist* |jumplist|
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B *+keymap* |'keymap'|
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N *+lambda* |lambda| and |closure|
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B *+langmap* |'langmap'|
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N *+libcall* |libcall()|
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N *+linebreak* |'linebreak'|, |'breakat'| and |'showbreak'|
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N *+lispindent* |'lisp'|
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N *+listcmds* Vim commands for the list of buffers |buffer-hidden|
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and argument list |:argdelete|
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N *+localmap* Support for mappings local to a buffer |:map-local|
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N *+menu* |:menu|
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N *+mksession* |:mksession|
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N *+modify_fname* |filename-modifiers|
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N *+mouse* Mouse handling |mouse-using|
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N *+mouseshape* |'mouseshape'|
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N *+multi_byte* 16 and 32 bit characters |multibyte|
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*+multi_byte_ime* Win32 input method for multibyte chars |multibyte-ime|
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N *+multi_lang* non-English language support |multi-lang|
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*+num64* 64-bit Number support |Number|
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N *+path_extra* Up/downwards search in 'path' and 'tags'
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N *+persistent_undo* Persistent undo |undo-persistence|
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*+postscript* |:hardcopy| writes a PostScript file
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N *+printer* |:hardcopy| command
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H *+profile* |:profile| command
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m *+python* Python 2 interface |python|
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m *+python3* Python 3 interface |python|
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N *+quickfix* |:make| and |quickfix| commands
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N *+reltime* |reltime()| function, 'hlsearch'/'incsearch' timeout,
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'redrawtime' option
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B *+rightleft* Right to left typing |'rightleft'|
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N *+scrollbind* |'scrollbind'|
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N *+shada* |'shada'|
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B *+signs* |:sign|
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N *+smartindent* |'smartindent'|
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N *+startuptime* |--startuptime| argument
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N *+statusline* Options 'statusline', 'rulerformat' and special
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formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'
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N *+syntax* Syntax highlighting |syntax|
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N *+tablineat* 'tabline' option recognizing %@Func@ items.
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T *+tag_binary* binary searching in tags file |tag-binary-search|
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N *+tag_old_static* old method for static tags |tag-old-static|
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m *+tag_any_white* any white space allowed in tags file |tag-any-white|
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B *+termguicolors* 24-bit color in xterm-compatible terminals support
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N *+termresponse* support for t_RV and |v:termresponse|
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N *+textobjects* |text-objects| selection
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N *+timers* the |timer_start()| function
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N *+title* Setting the window 'title' and 'icon'
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N *+toolbar* |gui-toolbar|
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N *+user_commands* User-defined commands. |user-commands|
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*+vertsplit* Vertically split windows |:vsplit|
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N *+virtualedit* |'virtualedit'|
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S *+visual* Visual mode |Visual-mode| Always enabled since 7.4.200.
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N *+visualextra* extra Visual mode commands |blockwise-operators|
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N *+vreplace* |gR| and |gr|
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*+vtp* on MS-Windows console: support for 'termguicolors'
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N *+wildignore* |'wildignore'|
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N *+wildmenu* |'wildmenu'|
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*+windows* more than one window
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m *+writebackup* |'writebackup'| is default on
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m *+xim* X input method |xim|
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*+xfontset* X fontset support |xfontset|
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*+xpm* pixmap support
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*/dyn* *E370* *E448*
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To some of the features "/dyn" is added when the
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feature is only available when the related library can
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be dynamically loaded.
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:ve[rsion] {nr} Is now ignored. This was previously used to check the
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version number of a .vimrc file. It was removed,
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because you can now use the ":if" command for
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version-dependent behavior.
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*:redi* *:redir*
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:redi[r][!] > {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. The messages which
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are the output of commands are written to that file,
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until redirection ends. The messages are also still
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shown on the screen. When [!] is included, an
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existing file is overwritten. When [!] is omitted,
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and {file} exists, this command fails.
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Only one ":redir" can be active at a time. Calls to
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":redir" will close any active redirection before
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starting redirection to the new target. For recursive
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use check out |execute()|.
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To stop the messages and commands from being echoed to
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the screen, put the commands in a function and call it
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with ":silent call Function()".
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Alternatives are the 'verbosefile' option or
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|execute()| function, these can be used in combination
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with ":redir".
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:redi[r] >> {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. Append if {file}
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already exists.
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:redi[r] @{a-zA-Z}
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:redi[r] @{a-zA-Z}> Redirect messages to register {a-z}. Append to the
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contents of the register if its name is given
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uppercase {A-Z}. The ">" after the register name is
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optional.
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:redi[r] @{a-z}>> Append messages to register {a-z}.
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:redi[r] @*>
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:redi[r] @+> Redirect messages to the selection or clipboard. For
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backward compatibility, the ">" after the register
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name can be omitted. See |quotestar| and |quoteplus|.
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:redi[r] @*>>
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:redi[r] @+>> Append messages to the selection or clipboard.
|
|
|
|
:redi[r] @"> Redirect messages to the unnamed register. For
|
|
backward compatibility, the ">" after the register
|
|
name can be omitted.
|
|
:redi[r] @">> Append messages to the unnamed register.
|
|
|
|
:redi[r] => {var} Redirect messages to a variable. If the variable
|
|
doesn't exist, then it is created. If the variable
|
|
exists, then it is initialized to an empty string.
|
|
The variable will remain empty until redirection ends.
|
|
Only string variables can be used. After the
|
|
redirection starts, if the variable is removed or
|
|
locked or the variable type is changed, then further
|
|
command output messages will cause errors.
|
|
To get the output of one command the |execute()|
|
|
function can be used.
|
|
|
|
:redi[r] =>> {var} Append messages to an existing variable. Only string
|
|
variables can be used.
|
|
|
|
:redi[r] END End redirecting messages.
|
|
|
|
*:filt* *:filter*
|
|
:filt[er][!] {pat} {command}
|
|
:filt[er][!] /{pat}/ {command}
|
|
Restrict the output of {command} to lines matching
|
|
with {pat}. For example, to list only xml files: >
|
|
:filter /\.xml$/ oldfiles
|
|
< If the [!] is given, restrict the output of {command}
|
|
to lines that do NOT match {pat}.
|
|
|
|
{pat} is a Vim search pattern. Instead of enclosing
|
|
it in / any non-ID character (see |'isident'|) can be
|
|
used, so long as it does not appear in {pat}. Without
|
|
the enclosing character the pattern cannot include the
|
|
bar character.
|
|
|
|
The pattern is matched against the relevant part of
|
|
the output, not necessarily the whole line. Only some
|
|
commands support filtering, try it out to check if it
|
|
works.
|
|
|
|
Only normal messages are filtered, error messages are
|
|
not.
|
|
|
|
*:sil* *:silent* *:silent!*
|
|
:sil[ent][!] {command} Execute {command} silently. Normal messages will not
|
|
be given or added to the message history.
|
|
When [!] is added, error messages will also be
|
|
skipped, and commands and mappings will not be aborted
|
|
when an error is detected. |v:errmsg| is still set.
|
|
When [!] is not used, an error message will cause
|
|
further messages to be displayed normally.
|
|
Redirection, started with |:redir|, will continue as
|
|
usual, although there might be small differences.
|
|
This will allow redirecting the output of a command
|
|
without seeing it on the screen. Example: >
|
|
:redir >/tmp/foobar
|
|
:silent g/Aap/p
|
|
:redir END
|
|
< To execute a Normal mode command silently, use the
|
|
|:normal| command. For example, to search for a
|
|
string without messages: >
|
|
:silent exe "normal /path\<CR>"
|
|
< ":silent!" is useful to execute a command that may
|
|
fail, but the failure is to be ignored. Example: >
|
|
:let v:errmsg = ""
|
|
:silent! /^begin
|
|
:if v:errmsg != ""
|
|
: ... pattern was not found
|
|
< ":silent" also skips the hit-enter prompt.
|
|
Dialogs that prompt for user input (|confirm()|,
|
|
'swapfile', …) are never silent.
|
|
|
|
*:uns* *:unsilent*
|
|
:uns[ilent] {command} Execute {command} not silently. Only makes a
|
|
difference when |:silent| was used to get to this
|
|
command.
|
|
Use this for giving a message even when |:silent| was
|
|
used. In this example |:silent| is used to avoid the
|
|
message about reading the file and |:unsilent| to be
|
|
able to list the first line of each file. >
|
|
:silent argdo unsilent echo expand('%') . ": " . getline(1)
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
*:verb* *:verbose*
|
|
:[count]verb[ose] {command}
|
|
Execute {command} with 'verbose' set to [count]. If
|
|
[count] is omitted one is used. ":0verbose" can be
|
|
used to set 'verbose' to zero.
|
|
The additional use of ":silent" makes messages
|
|
generated but not displayed.
|
|
The combination of ":silent" and ":verbose" can be
|
|
used to generate messages and check them with
|
|
|v:statusmsg| and friends. For example: >
|
|
:let v:statusmsg = ""
|
|
:silent verbose runtime foobar.vim
|
|
:if v:statusmsg != ""
|
|
: " foobar.vim could not be found
|
|
:endif
|
|
< When concatenating another command, the ":verbose"
|
|
only applies to the first one: >
|
|
:4verbose set verbose | set verbose
|
|
< verbose=4 ~
|
|
verbose=0 ~
|
|
For logging verbose messages in a file use the
|
|
'verbosefile' option.
|
|
|
|
*:verbose-cmd*
|
|
When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing the value of a Vim option or a key map or
|
|
an abbreviation or a user-defined function or a command or a highlight group
|
|
or an autocommand will also display where it was last defined. If it was
|
|
defined manually then there will be no "Last set" message. When it was
|
|
defined while executing a function, user command or autocommand, the script in
|
|
which it was defined is reported.
|
|
{not available when compiled without the |+eval| feature}
|
|
|
|
*K*
|
|
[count]K Run a program to lookup the keyword under the
|
|
cursor. The name of the program is given with the
|
|
'keywordprg' (kp) option (default is "man"). The
|
|
keyword is formed of letters, numbers and the
|
|
characters in 'iskeyword'. The keyword under or
|
|
right of the cursor is used. The same can be done
|
|
with the command >
|
|
:!{program} {keyword}
|
|
< Special cases:
|
|
- If 'keywordprg' begins with ":" it is invoked as
|
|
a Vim command with [count].
|
|
- If 'keywordprg' is empty, the ":help" command is
|
|
used. It's a good idea to include more characters
|
|
in 'iskeyword' then, to be able to find more help.
|
|
- When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man", a [count]
|
|
before "K" is inserted after the "man" command and
|
|
before the keyword. For example, using "2K" while
|
|
the cursor is on "mkdir", results in: >
|
|
!man 2 mkdir
|
|
< - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man -s", a [count]
|
|
before "K" is inserted after the "-s". If there is
|
|
no count, the "-s" is removed.
|
|
|
|
*v_K*
|
|
{Visual}K Like "K", but use the visually highlighted text for
|
|
the keyword. Only works when the highlighted text is
|
|
not more than one line.
|
|
|
|
*gO*
|
|
gO Show a filetype-specific, navigable "outline" of the
|
|
current buffer. For example, in a |help| buffer this
|
|
shows the table of contents.
|
|
|
|
Currently works in |help| and |:Man| buffers.
|
|
|
|
[N]gs *gs* *:sl* *:sleep*
|
|
:[N]sl[eep] [N] [m] Do nothing for [N] seconds. When [m] is included,
|
|
sleep for [N] milliseconds. The count for "gs" always
|
|
uses seconds. The default is one second. >
|
|
:sleep "sleep for one second
|
|
:5sleep "sleep for five seconds
|
|
:sleep 100m "sleep for a hundred milliseconds
|
|
10gs "sleep for ten seconds
|
|
< Can be interrupted with CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on Windows).
|
|
"gs" stands for "goto sleep".
|
|
While sleeping the cursor is positioned in the text,
|
|
if at a visible position.
|
|
|
|
==============================================================================
|
|
2. Using Vim like less or more *less*
|
|
|
|
If you use the less or more program to view a file, you don't get syntax
|
|
highlighting. Thus you would like to use Vim instead. You can do this by
|
|
using the shell script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.sh".
|
|
|
|
This shell script uses the Vim script "$VIMRUNTIME/macros/less.vim". It sets
|
|
up mappings to simulate the commands that less supports. Otherwise, you can
|
|
still use the Vim commands.
|
|
|
|
This isn't perfect. For example, when viewing a short file Vim will still use
|
|
the whole screen. But it works good enough for most uses, and you get syntax
|
|
highlighting.
|
|
|
|
The "h" key will give you a short overview of the available commands.
|
|
|
|
If you want to set options differently when using less, define the
|
|
LessInitFunc in your vimrc, for example: >
|
|
|
|
func LessInitFunc()
|
|
set nocursorcolumn nocursorline
|
|
endfunc
|
|
<
|
|
|
|
vim:noet:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|