neovim/test/functional/lua/vim_spec.lua

-- Test suite for testing interactions with API bindings
local helpers = require('test.functional.helpers')(after_each)
local Screen = require('test.functional.ui.screen')

local nvim_prog = helpers.nvim_prog
local funcs = helpers.funcs
local meths = helpers.meths
local command = helpers.command
local dedent = helpers.dedent
local insert = helpers.insert
local clear = helpers.clear
local eq = helpers.eq
local ok = helpers.ok
local pesc = helpers.pesc
local eval = helpers.eval
local feed = helpers.feed
local pcall_err = helpers.pcall_err
local exec_lua = helpers.exec_lua
local matches = helpers.matches
local exec = helpers.exec
local NIL = helpers.NIL
local retry = helpers.retry
local next_msg = helpers.next_msg
local remove_trace = helpers.remove_trace
local mkdir_p = helpers.mkdir_p
local rmdir = helpers.rmdir
local write_file = helpers.write_file
local poke_eventloop = helpers.poke_eventloop
local assert_alive = helpers.assert_alive

describe('lua stdlib', function()
  before_each(clear)
  -- İ: `tolower("İ")` is `i` which has length 1 while `İ` itself has
  --    length 2 (in bytes).
  -- Ⱥ: `tolower("Ⱥ")` is `ⱥ` which has length 2 while `Ⱥ` itself has
  --    length 3 (in bytes).
  --
  -- Note: 'i' !=? 'İ' and 'ⱥ' !=? 'Ⱥ' on some systems.
  -- Note: Built-in Nvim comparison (on systems lacking `strcasecmp`) works
  --       only on ASCII characters.
  it('vim.stricmp', function()
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a", "A")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A", "a")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a", "a")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A", "A")'))

    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("", "")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0", "\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0", "\\0\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0", "\\0\\0\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0A", "\\0\\0\\0a")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0a", "\\0\\0\\0A")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0a", "\\0\\0\\0a")'))

    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a\\0", "A\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A\\0", "a\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a\\0", "a\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A\\0", "A\\0")'))

    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a", "\\0A")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A", "\\0a")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a", "\\0a")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A", "\\0A")'))

    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a\\0", "\\0A\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A\\0", "\\0a\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a\\0", "\\0a\\0")'))
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A\\0", "\\0A\\0")'))

    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a", "B")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A", "b")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a", "b")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A", "B")'))

    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("", "\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0", "\\0\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0", "\\0\\0\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0A", "\\0\\0\\0b")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0a", "\\0\\0\\0B")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0a", "\\0\\0\\0b")'))

    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a\\0", "B\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A\\0", "b\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("a\\0", "b\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("A\\0", "B\\0")'))

    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a", "\\0B")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A", "\\0b")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a", "\\0b")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A", "\\0B")'))

    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a\\0", "\\0B\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A\\0", "\\0b\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0a\\0", "\\0b\\0")'))
    eq(-1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0A\\0", "\\0B\\0")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c", "B")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C", "b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c", "b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C", "B")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0", "")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0", "\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0", "\\0\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0\\0", "\\0\\0\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0C", "\\0\\0\\0b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0c", "\\0\\0\\0B")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0\\0\\0c", "\\0\\0\\0b")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c\\0", "B\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C\\0", "b\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c\\0", "b\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C\\0", "B\\0")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c\\0", "B")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C\\0", "b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("c\\0", "b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("C\\0", "B")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0c", "\\0B")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0C", "\\0b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0c", "\\0b")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0C", "\\0B")'))

    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0c\\0", "\\0B\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0C\\0", "\\0b\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0c\\0", "\\0b\\0")'))
    eq(1, funcs.luaeval('vim.stricmp("\\0C\\0", "\\0B\\0")'))
  end)

  it('vim.deprecate', function()
    -- vim.deprecate(name, alternative, version, plugin, backtrace)
    eq(
      dedent [[
      foo.bar() is deprecated, use zub.wooo{ok=yay} instead. :help deprecated
      This feature will be removed in Nvim version 0.10]],
      exec_lua('return vim.deprecate(...)', 'foo.bar()', 'zub.wooo{ok=yay}', '0.10')
    )
    -- Same message, skipped.
    eq(vim.NIL, exec_lua('return vim.deprecate(...)', 'foo.bar()', 'zub.wooo{ok=yay}', '0.10'))
    -- Don't show error if not hard deprecated
    eq(vim.NIL, exec_lua('return vim.deprecate(...)', 'foo.bar()', 'nil', '5000.0.0'))
    -- When `plugin` is specified, don't show ":help deprecated". #22235
    eq(
      dedent [[
      foo.bar() is deprecated, use zub.wooo{ok=yay} instead.
      This feature will be removed in my-plugin.nvim version 0.3.0]],
      exec_lua(
        'return vim.deprecate(...)',
        'foo.bar()',
        'zub.wooo{ok=yay}',
        '0.3.0',
        'my-plugin.nvim',
        false
      )
    )
  end)

  it('vim.startswith', function()
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", "1")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", "")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", "123")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("", "")'))

    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", " ")'))
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", "2")'))
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.startswith("123", "1234")'))

    matches(
      'prefix: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.startswith("123", nil)')
    )
    matches('s: expected string, got nil', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.startswith(nil, "123")'))
  end)

  it('vim.endswith', function()
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", "3")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", "")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", "123")'))
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("", "")'))

    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", " ")'))
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", "2")'))
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval('vim.endswith("123", "1234")'))

    matches(
      'suffix: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.endswith("123", nil)')
    )
    matches('s: expected string, got nil', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.endswith(nil, "123")'))
  end)

  it('vim.str_utfindex/str_byteindex', function()
    exec_lua([[_G.test_text = "xy åäö ɧ 汉语 ↥ 🤦x🦄 å بِيَّ\000ъ"]])
    local indices32 = {
      [0] = 0,
      1,
      2,
      3,
      5,
      7,
      9,
      10,
      12,
      13,
      16,
      19,
      20,
      23,
      24,
      28,
      29,
      33,
      34,
      35,
      37,
      38,
      40,
      42,
      44,
      46,
      48,
      49,
      51,
    }
    local indices16 = {
      [0] = 0,
      1,
      2,
      3,
      5,
      7,
      9,
      10,
      12,
      13,
      16,
      19,
      20,
      23,
      24,
      28,
      28,
      29,
      33,
      33,
      34,
      35,
      37,
      38,
      40,
      42,
      44,
      46,
      48,
      49,
      51,
    }
    for i, k in pairs(indices32) do
      eq(k, exec_lua('return vim.str_byteindex(_G.test_text, ...)', i), i)
    end
    for i, k in pairs(indices16) do
      eq(k, exec_lua('return vim.str_byteindex(_G.test_text, ..., true)', i), i)
    end
    eq(
      'index out of range',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.str_byteindex(_G.test_text, ...)', #indices32 + 1)
    )
    eq(
      'index out of range',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.str_byteindex(_G.test_text, ..., true)', #indices16 + 1)
    )
    local i32, i16 = 0, 0
    local len = 51
    for k = 0, len do
      if indices32[i32] < k then
        i32 = i32 + 1
      end
      if indices16[i16] < k then
        i16 = i16 + 1
        if indices16[i16 + 1] == indices16[i16] then
          i16 = i16 + 1
        end
      end
      eq({ i32, i16 }, exec_lua('return {vim.str_utfindex(_G.test_text, ...)}', k), k)
    end
    eq(
      'index out of range',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.str_utfindex(_G.test_text, ...)', len + 1)
    )
  end)

  it('vim.str_utf_start', function()
    exec_lua([[_G.test_text = "xy åäö ɧ 汉语 ↥ 🤦x🦄 å بِيَّ"]])
    local expected_positions = {
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      -2,
      0,
      -1,
      -2,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      -2,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      -2,
      -3,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      -2,
      -3,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
      0,
      -1,
    }
    eq(
      expected_positions,
      exec_lua([[
      local start_codepoint_positions = {}
      for idx = 1, #_G.test_text do
        table.insert(start_codepoint_positions, vim.str_utf_start(_G.test_text, idx))
      end
      return start_codepoint_positions
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.str_utf_end', function()
    exec_lua([[_G.test_text = "xy åäö ɧ 汉语 ↥ 🤦x🦄 å بِيَّ"]])
    local expected_positions = {
      0,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      3,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      3,
      2,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      0,
    }
    eq(
      expected_positions,
      exec_lua([[
      local end_codepoint_positions = {}
      for idx = 1, #_G.test_text do
        table.insert(end_codepoint_positions, vim.str_utf_end(_G.test_text, idx))
      end
      return end_codepoint_positions
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.str_utf_pos', function()
    exec_lua([[_G.test_text = "xy åäö ɧ 汉语 ↥ 🤦x🦄 å بِيَّ"]])
    local expected_positions = {
      1,
      2,
      3,
      4,
      6,
      8,
      10,
      11,
      13,
      14,
      17,
      20,
      21,
      24,
      25,
      29,
      30,
      34,
      35,
      36,
      38,
      39,
      41,
      43,
      45,
      47,
    }
    eq(expected_positions, exec_lua('return vim.str_utf_pos(_G.test_text)'))
  end)

  it('vim.schedule', function()
    exec_lua([[
      test_table = {}
      vim.schedule(function()
        table.insert(test_table, "xx")
      end)
      table.insert(test_table, "yy")
    ]])
    eq({ 'yy', 'xx' }, exec_lua('return test_table'))

    -- Validates args.
    matches('vim.schedule: expected function', pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.schedule('stringly')"))
    matches('vim.schedule: expected function', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'vim.schedule()'))

    exec_lua([[
      vim.schedule(function()
        error("big failure\nvery async")
      end)
    ]])

    feed('<cr>')
    matches('big failure\nvery async', remove_trace(eval('v:errmsg')))

    local screen = Screen.new(60, 5)
    screen:set_default_attr_ids({
      [1] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.Blue1 },
      [2] = { bold = true, reverse = true },
      [3] = { foreground = Screen.colors.Grey100, background = Screen.colors.Red },
      [4] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.SeaGreen4 },
    })
    screen:attach()
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      ^                                                            |
      {1:~                                                           }|*3
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }

    -- nvim_command causes a Vimscript exception, check that it is properly caught
    -- and propagated as an error message in async contexts.. #10809
    exec_lua([[
      vim.schedule(function()
        vim.api.nvim_command(":echo 'err")
      end)
    ]])
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      {3:stack traceback:}                                            |
      {3:        [C]: in function 'nvim_command'}                     |
      {3:        [string "<nvim>"]:2: in function <[string "<nvim>"]:}|
      {3:1>}                                                          |
      {4:Press ENTER or type command to continue}^                     |
    ]],
    }
  end)

  it('vim.gsplit, vim.split', function()
    local tests = {
      --                            plain  trimempty
      { 'a,b', ',', false, false, { 'a', 'b' } },
      { ':aa::::bb:', ':', false, false, { '', 'aa', '', '', '', 'bb', '' } },
      { ':aa::::bb:', ':', false, true, { 'aa', '', '', '', 'bb' } },
      { 'aa::::bb:', ':', false, true, { 'aa', '', '', '', 'bb' } },
      { ':aa::bb:', ':', false, true, { 'aa', '', 'bb' } },
      { '/a/b:/b/\n', '[:\n]', false, true, { '/a/b', '/b/' } },
      { '::ee::ff:', ':', false, false, { '', '', 'ee', '', 'ff', '' } },
      { '::ee::ff::', ':', false, true, { 'ee', '', 'ff' } },
      { 'ab', '.', false, false, { '', '', '' } },
      { 'a1b2c', '[0-9]', false, false, { 'a', 'b', 'c' } },
      { 'xy', '', false, false, { 'x', 'y' } },
      { 'here be dragons', ' ', false, false, { 'here', 'be', 'dragons' } },
      { 'axaby', 'ab?', false, false, { '', 'x', 'y' } },
      { 'f v2v v3v w2w ', '([vw])2%1', false, false, { 'f ', ' v3v ', ' ' } },
      { '', '', false, false, {} },
      { '', '', false, true, {} },
      { '\n', '[:\n]', false, true, {} },
      { '', 'a', false, false, { '' } },
      { 'x*yz*oo*l', '*', true, false, { 'x', 'yz', 'oo', 'l' } },
    }

    for _, t in ipairs(tests) do
      eq(t[5], vim.split(t[1], t[2], { plain = t[3], trimempty = t[4] }), t[1])
    end

    -- Test old signature
    eq({ 'x', 'yz', 'oo', 'l' }, vim.split('x*yz*oo*l', '*', true))

    local loops = {
      { 'abc', '.-' },
    }

    for _, t in ipairs(loops) do
      matches('Infinite loop detected', pcall_err(vim.split, t[1], t[2]))
    end

    -- Validates args.
    eq(true, pcall(vim.split, 'string', 'string'))
    matches('s: expected string, got number', pcall_err(vim.split, 1, 'string'))
    matches('sep: expected string, got number', pcall_err(vim.split, 'string', 1))
    matches('opts: expected table, got number', pcall_err(vim.split, 'string', 'string', 1))
  end)

  it('vim.trim', function()
    local trim = function(s)
      return exec_lua('return vim.trim(...)', s)
    end

    local trims = {
      { '   a', 'a' },
      { ' b  ', 'b' },
      { '\tc', 'c' },
      { 'r\n', 'r' },
    }

    for _, t in ipairs(trims) do
      assert(t[2], trim(t[1]))
    end

    -- Validates args.
    matches('s: expected string, got number', pcall_err(trim, 2))
  end)

  it('vim.inspect', function()
    -- just make sure it basically works, it has its own test suite
    local inspect = function(t, opts)
      return exec_lua('return vim.inspect(...)', t, opts)
    end

    eq('2', inspect(2))
    eq('{+a = {+b = 1+}+}', inspect({ a = { b = 1 } }, { newline = '+', indent = '' }))

    -- special value vim.inspect.KEY works
    eq(
      '{  KEY_a = "x",  KEY_b = "y"}',
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.inspect({a="x", b="y"}, {newline = '', process = function(item, path)
        if path[#path] == vim.inspect.KEY then
          return 'KEY_'..item
        end
        return item
      end})
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.deepcopy', function()
    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = { x = { 1, 2 }, y = 5}
      local b = vim.deepcopy(a)

      return b.x[1] == 1 and b.x[2] == 2 and b.y == 5 and vim.tbl_count(b) == 2
             and tostring(a) ~= tostring(b)
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {}
      local b = vim.deepcopy(a)

      return vim.tbl_islist(b) and vim.tbl_count(b) == 0 and tostring(a) ~= tostring(b)
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = vim.empty_dict()
      local b = vim.deepcopy(a)

      return not vim.tbl_islist(b) and vim.tbl_count(b) == 0
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = vim.empty_dict(), y = {}}
      local b = vim.deepcopy(a)

      return not vim.tbl_islist(b.x) and vim.tbl_islist(b.y)
        and vim.tbl_count(b) == 2
        and tostring(a) ~= tostring(b)
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local f1 = function() return 1 end
      local f2 = function() return 2 end
      local t1 = {f = f1}
      local t2 = vim.deepcopy(t1)
      t1.f = f2
      return t1.f() ~= t2.f()
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local t1 = {a = 5}
      t1.self = t1
      local t2 = vim.deepcopy(t1)
      return t2.self == t2 and t2.self ~= t1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local mt = {mt=true}
      local t1 = setmetatable({a = 5}, mt)
      local t2 = vim.deepcopy(t1)
      return getmetatable(t2) == mt
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local t1 = {a = vim.NIL}
      local t2 = vim.deepcopy(t1)
      return t2.a == vim.NIL
    ]]))

    matches(
      'Cannot deepcopy object of type thread',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        local thread = coroutine.create(function () return 0 end)
        local t = {thr = thread}
        vim.deepcopy(t)
      ]]
      )
    )
  end)

  it('vim.pesc', function()
    eq('foo%-bar', exec_lua([[return vim.pesc('foo-bar')]]))
    eq('foo%%%-bar', exec_lua([[return vim.pesc(vim.pesc('foo-bar'))]]))
    -- pesc() returns one result. #20751
    eq({ 'x' }, exec_lua([[return {vim.pesc('x')}]]))

    -- Validates args.
    matches('s: expected string, got number', pcall_err(exec_lua, [[return vim.pesc(2)]]))
  end)

  it('vim.list_contains', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.list_contains({'a','b','c'}, 'c')"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.list_contains({'a','b','c'}, 'd')"))
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_contains', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_contains({'a','b','c'}, 'c')"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_contains({'a','b','c'}, 'd')"))
    eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_contains({[2]='a',foo='b',[5] = 'c'}, 'c')"))
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua([[
        return vim.tbl_contains({ 'a', { 'b', 'c' } }, function(v)
          return vim.deep_equal(v, { 'b', 'c' })
        end, { predicate = true })
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_keys', function()
    eq({}, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_keys({})'))
    for _, v in pairs(exec_lua("return vim.tbl_keys({'a', 'b', 'c'})")) do
      eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_contains({ 1, 2, 3 }, ...)', v))
    end
    for _, v in pairs(exec_lua('return vim.tbl_keys({a=1, b=2, c=3})')) do
      eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_contains({ 'a', 'b', 'c' }, ...)", v))
    end
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_values', function()
    eq({}, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_values({})'))
    for _, v in pairs(exec_lua("return vim.tbl_values({'a', 'b', 'c'})")) do
      eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_contains({ 'a', 'b', 'c' }, ...)", v))
    end
    for _, v in pairs(exec_lua('return vim.tbl_values({a=1, b=2, c=3})')) do
      eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_contains({ 1, 2, 3 }, ...)', v))
    end
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_map', function()
    eq(
      {},
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_map(function(v) return v * 2 end, {})
    ]])
    )
    eq(
      { 2, 4, 6 },
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_map(function(v) return v * 2 end, {1, 2, 3})
    ]])
    )
    eq(
      { { i = 2 }, { i = 4 }, { i = 6 } },
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_map(function(v) return { i = v.i * 2 } end, {{i=1}, {i=2}, {i=3}})
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_filter', function()
    eq(
      {},
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_filter(function(v) return (v % 2) == 0 end, {})
    ]])
    )
    eq(
      { 2 },
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_filter(function(v) return (v % 2) == 0 end, {1, 2, 3})
    ]])
    )
    eq(
      { { i = 2 } },
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.tbl_filter(function(v) return (v.i % 2) == 0 end, {{i=1}, {i=2}, {i=3}})
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_isarray', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isarray({})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isarray(vim.empty_dict())'))
    eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_isarray({'a', 'b', 'c'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_isarray({'a', '32', a='hello', b='baz'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_isarray({1, a='hello', b='baz'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_isarray({a='hello', b='baz', 1})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_isarray({1, 2, nil, a='hello'})"))
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isarray({1, 2, nil, 4})'))
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isarray({nil, 2, 3, 4})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isarray({1, [1.5]=2, [3]=3})'))
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_islist', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_islist({})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_islist(vim.empty_dict())'))
    eq(true, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_islist({'a', 'b', 'c'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_islist({'a', '32', a='hello', b='baz'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_islist({1, a='hello', b='baz'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_islist({a='hello', b='baz', 1})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_islist({1, 2, nil, a='hello'})"))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_islist({1, 2, nil, 4})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_islist({nil, 2, 3, 4})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_islist({1, [1.5]=2, [3]=3})'))
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_isempty', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isempty({})'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isempty({ 1, 2, 3 })'))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_isempty({a=1, b=2, c=3})'))
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_get', function()
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua("return vim.tbl_get({ test = { nested_test = true }}, 'test', 'nested_test')")
    )
    eq(NIL, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_get({ unindexable = true }, 'unindexable', 'missing_key')"))
    eq(NIL, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_get({ unindexable = 1 }, 'unindexable', 'missing_key')"))
    eq(
      NIL,
      exec_lua(
        "return vim.tbl_get({ unindexable = coroutine.create(function () end) }, 'unindexable', 'missing_key')"
      )
    )
    eq(
      NIL,
      exec_lua(
        "return vim.tbl_get({ unindexable = function () end }, 'unindexable', 'missing_key')"
      )
    )
    eq(NIL, exec_lua("return vim.tbl_get({}, 'missing_key')"))
    eq(NIL, exec_lua('return vim.tbl_get({})'))
    eq(1, exec_lua("return select('#', vim.tbl_get({}))"))
    eq(1, exec_lua("return select('#', vim.tbl_get({ nested = {} }, 'nested', 'missing_key'))"))
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_extend', function()
    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = 1}
      local b = {y = 2}
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b)

      return c.x == 1 and b.y == 2 and vim.tbl_count(c) == 2
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = 1}
      local b = {y = 2}
      local c = {z = 3}
      local d = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b, c)

      return d.x == 1 and d.y == 2 and d.z == 3 and vim.tbl_count(d) == 3
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = 1}
      local b = {x = 3}
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b)

      return c.x == 1 and vim.tbl_count(c) == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = 1}
      local b = {x = 3}
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("force", a, b)

      return c.x == 3 and vim.tbl_count(c) == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = vim.empty_dict()
      local b = {}
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b)

      return not vim.tbl_islist(c) and vim.tbl_count(c) == 0
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {}
      local b = vim.empty_dict()
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b)

      return vim.tbl_islist(c) and vim.tbl_count(c) == 0
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = {a = 1, b = 2}}
      local b = {x = {a = 2, c = {y = 3}}}
      local c = vim.tbl_extend("keep", a, b)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return c.x.a == 1 and c.x.b == 2 and c.x.c == nil and count == 1
    ]]))

    matches(
      'invalid "behavior": nil',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_extend()
      ]]
      )
    )

    matches(
      'wrong number of arguments %(given 1, expected at least 3%)',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_extend("keep")
      ]]
      )
    )

    matches(
      'wrong number of arguments %(given 2, expected at least 3%)',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_extend("keep", {})
      ]]
      )
    )
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_deep_extend', function()
    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = {a = 1, b = 2}}
      local b = {x = {a = 2, c = {y = 3}}}
      local c = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", a, b)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return c.x.a == 1 and c.x.b == 2 and c.x.c.y == 3 and count == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = {a = 1, b = 2}}
      local b = {x = {a = 2, c = {y = 3}}}
      local c = vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return c.x.a == 2 and c.x.b == 2 and c.x.c.y == 3 and count == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = {a = 1, b = 2}}
      local b = {x = {a = 2, c = {y = 3}}}
      local c = {x = {c = 4, d = {y = 4}}}
      local d = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", a, b, c)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return d.x.a == 1 and d.x.b == 2 and d.x.c.y == 3 and d.x.d.y == 4 and count == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {x = {a = 1, b = 2}}
      local b = {x = {a = 2, c = {y = 3}}}
      local c = {x = {c = 4, d = {y = 4}}}
      local d = vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b, c)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return d.x.a == 2 and d.x.b == 2 and d.x.c == 4 and d.x.d.y == 4 and count == 1
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = vim.empty_dict()
      local b = {}
      local c = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", a, b)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return not vim.tbl_islist(c) and count == 0
    ]]))

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = {}
      local b = vim.empty_dict()
      local c = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", a, b)

      local count = 0
      for _ in pairs(c) do count = count + 1 end

      return vim.tbl_islist(c) and count == 0
    ]]))

    eq(
      { a = { b = 1 } },
      exec_lua([[
      local a = { a = { b = 1 } }
      local b = { a = {} }
      return vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b)
    ]])
    )

    eq(
      { a = { b = 1 } },
      exec_lua([[
      local a = { a = 123 }
      local b = { a = { b = 1} }
      return vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b)
    ]])
    )

    ok(exec_lua([[
      local a = { a = {[2] = 3} }
      local b = { a = {[3] = 3} }
      local c = vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b)
      return vim.deep_equal(c, {a = {[3] = 3}})
    ]]))

    eq(
      { a = 123 },
      exec_lua([[
      local a = { a = { b = 1} }
      local b = { a = 123 }
      return vim.tbl_deep_extend("force", a, b)
    ]])
    )

    matches(
      'invalid "behavior": nil',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_deep_extend()
      ]]
      )
    )

    matches(
      'wrong number of arguments %(given 1, expected at least 3%)',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep")
      ]]
      )
    )

    matches(
      'wrong number of arguments %(given 2, expected at least 3%)',
      pcall_err(
        exec_lua,
        [[
        return vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", {})
      ]]
      )
    )
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_count', function()
    eq(0, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({}) ]])
    eq(0, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count(vim.empty_dict()) ]])
    eq(0, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({nil}) ]])
    eq(0, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({a=nil}) ]])
    eq(1, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({1}) ]])
    eq(2, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({1, 2}) ]])
    eq(2, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({1, nil, 3}) ]])
    eq(1, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({a=1}) ]])
    eq(2, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({a=1, b=2}) ]])
    eq(2, exec_lua [[ return vim.tbl_count({a=1, b=nil, c=3}) ]])
  end)

  it('vim.deep_equal', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal({a=1}, {a=1}) ]])
    eq(true, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal({a={b=1}}, {a={b=1}}) ]])
    eq(true, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal({a={b={nil}}}, {a={b={}}}) ]])
    eq(true, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal({a=1, [5]=5}, {nil,nil,nil,nil,5,a=1}) ]])
    eq(false, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal(1, {nil,nil,nil,nil,5,a=1}) ]])
    eq(false, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal(1, 3) ]])
    eq(false, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal(nil, 3) ]])
    eq(false, exec_lua [[ return vim.deep_equal({a=1}, {a=2}) ]])
  end)

  it('vim.list_extend', function()
    eq({ 1, 2, 3 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({1}, {2,3}) ]])
    matches(
      'src: expected table, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, [[ return vim.list_extend({1}, nil) ]])
    )
    eq({ 1, 2 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({1}, {2;a=1}) ]])
    eq(true, exec_lua [[ local a = {1} return vim.list_extend(a, {2;a=1}) == a ]])
    eq({ 2 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({}, {2;a=1}, 1) ]])
    eq({}, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({}, {2;a=1}, 2) ]])
    eq({}, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({}, {2;a=1}, 1, -1) ]])
    eq({ 2 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.list_extend({}, {2;a=1}, -1, 2) ]])
  end)

  it('vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup', function()
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua [[
    local a = { A = 1 }
    vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup(a)
    return vim.deep_equal(a, { A = 1; [1] = 'A'; })
    ]]
    )
    -- Throw an error for trying to do it twice (run into an existing key)
    local code = [[
    local res = {}
    local a = { A = 1 }
    vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup(a)
    assert(vim.deep_equal(a, { A = 1; [1] = 'A'; }))
    vim.tbl_add_reverse_lookup(a)
    ]]
    matches(
      'The reverse lookup found an existing value for "[1A]" while processing key "[1A]"$',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, code)
    )
  end)

  it('vim.spairs', function()
    local res = ''
    local table = {
      ccc = 1,
      bbb = 2,
      ddd = 3,
      aaa = 4,
    }
    for key, _ in vim.spairs(table) do
      res = res .. key
    end
    matches('aaabbbcccddd', res)
  end)

  it('vim.call, vim.fn', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua([[return vim.call('sin', 0.0) == 0.0 ]]))
    eq(true, exec_lua([[return vim.fn.sin(0.0) == 0.0 ]]))
    -- compat: nvim_call_function uses "special" value for Vimscript float
    eq(false, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_call_function('sin', {0.0}) == 0.0 ]]))

    exec([[
      func! FooFunc(test)
        let g:test = a:test
        return {}
      endfunc
      func! VarArg(...)
        return a:000
      endfunc
      func! Nilly()
        return [v:null, v:null]
      endfunc
    ]])
    eq(true, exec_lua([[return next(vim.fn.FooFunc(3)) == nil ]]))
    eq(3, eval('g:test'))
    -- compat: nvim_call_function uses "special" value for empty dict
    eq(true, exec_lua([[return next(vim.api.nvim_call_function("FooFunc", {5})) == true ]]))
    eq(5, eval('g:test'))

    eq({ 2, 'foo', true }, exec_lua([[return vim.fn.VarArg(2, "foo", true)]]))

    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua([[
      local x = vim.fn.Nilly()
      return #x == 2 and x[1] == vim.NIL and x[2] == vim.NIL
    ]])
    )
    eq({ NIL, NIL }, exec_lua([[return vim.fn.Nilly()]]))

    -- error handling
    eq(
      { false, 'Vim:E897: List or Blob required' },
      exec_lua([[return {pcall(vim.fn.add, "aa", "bb")}]])
    )

    -- conversion between LuaRef and Vim Funcref
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua([[
      local x = vim.fn.VarArg(function() return 'foo' end, function() return 'bar' end)
      return #x == 2 and x[1]() == 'foo' and x[2]() == 'bar'
    ]])
    )

    -- Test for #20211
    eq(
      'a (b) c',
      exec_lua([[
      return vim.fn.substitute('a b c', 'b', function(m) return '(' .. m[1] .. ')' end, 'g')
    ]])
    )
  end)

  it('vim.fn should error when calling API function', function()
    matches(
      'Tried to call API function with vim.fn: use vim.api.nvim_get_current_line instead',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'vim.fn.nvim_get_current_line()')
    )
  end)

  it('vim.fn is allowed in "fast" context by some functions #18306', function()
    exec_lua([[
      local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
      timer:start(0, 0, function()
        timer:close()
        assert(vim.in_fast_event())
        vim.g.fnres = vim.fn.iconv('hello', 'utf-8', 'utf-8')
      end)
    ]])

    helpers.poke_eventloop()
    eq('hello', exec_lua [[return vim.g.fnres]])
  end)

  it('vim.rpcrequest and vim.rpcnotify', function()
    exec_lua([[
      chan = vim.fn.jobstart({'cat'}, {rpc=true})
      vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_set_current_line', 'meow')
    ]])
    eq('meow', meths.get_current_line())
    command("let x = [3, 'aa', v:true, v:null]")
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua([[
      ret = vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_get_var', 'x')
      return #ret == 4 and ret[1] == 3 and ret[2] == 'aa' and ret[3] == true and ret[4] == vim.NIL
    ]])
    )
    eq({ 3, 'aa', true, NIL }, exec_lua([[return ret]]))

    eq(
      { {}, {}, false, true },
      exec_lua([[
      vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_exec', 'let xx = {}\nlet yy = []', false)
      local dict = vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_eval', 'xx')
      local list = vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_eval', 'yy')
      return {dict, list, vim.tbl_islist(dict), vim.tbl_islist(list)}
     ]])
    )

    exec_lua([[
       vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_set_var', 'aa', {})
       vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_set_var', 'bb', vim.empty_dict())
     ]])
    eq({ 1, 1 }, eval('[type(g:aa) == type([]), type(g:bb) == type({})]'))

    -- error handling
    eq({ false, 'Invalid channel: 23' }, exec_lua([[return {pcall(vim.rpcrequest, 23, 'foo')}]]))
    eq({ false, 'Invalid channel: 23' }, exec_lua([[return {pcall(vim.rpcnotify, 23, 'foo')}]]))

    eq(
      { false, 'Vim:E121: Undefined variable: foobar' },
      exec_lua([[return {pcall(vim.rpcrequest, chan, 'nvim_eval', "foobar")}]])
    )

    -- rpcnotify doesn't wait on request
    eq(
      'meow',
      exec_lua([[
      vim.rpcnotify(chan, 'nvim_set_current_line', 'foo')
      return vim.api.nvim_get_current_line()
    ]])
    )
    retry(10, nil, function()
      eq('foo', meths.get_current_line())
    end)

    local screen = Screen.new(50, 7)
    screen:set_default_attr_ids({
      [1] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.Blue1 },
      [2] = { bold = true, reverse = true },
      [3] = { foreground = Screen.colors.Grey100, background = Screen.colors.Red },
      [4] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.SeaGreen4 },
    })
    screen:attach()
    exec_lua([[
      timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
      timer:start(20, 0, function ()
        -- notify ok (executed later when safe)
        vim.rpcnotify(chan, 'nvim_set_var', 'yy', {3, vim.NIL})
        -- rpcrequest an error
        vim.rpcrequest(chan, 'nvim_set_current_line', 'bork')
      end)
    ]])
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      {3:[string "<nvim>"]:6: E5560: rpcrequest must not be}|
      {3: called in a lua loop callback}                    |
      {3:stack traceback:}                                  |
      {3:        [C]: in function 'rpcrequest'}             |
      {3:        [string "<nvim>"]:6: in function <[string }|
      {3:"<nvim>"]:2>}                                      |
      {4:Press ENTER or type command to continue}^           |
    ]],
    }
    feed('<cr>')
    eq({ 3, NIL }, meths.get_var('yy'))

    exec_lua([[timer:close()]])
  end)

  it('vim.empty_dict()', function()
    eq(
      { true, false, true, true },
      exec_lua([[
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('listy', {})
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('dicty', vim.empty_dict())
      local listy = vim.fn.eval("listy")
      local dicty = vim.fn.eval("dicty")
      return {vim.tbl_islist(listy), vim.tbl_islist(dicty), next(listy) == nil, next(dicty) == nil}
    ]])
    )

    -- vim.empty_dict() gives new value each time
    -- equality is not overridden (still by ref)
    -- non-empty table uses the usual heuristics (ignores the tag)
    eq(
      { false, { 'foo' }, { namey = 'bar' } },
      exec_lua([[
      local aa = vim.empty_dict()
      local bb = vim.empty_dict()
      local equally = (aa == bb)
      aa[1] = "foo"
      bb["namey"] = "bar"
      return {equally, aa, bb}
    ]])
    )

    eq('{ {}, vim.empty_dict() }', exec_lua('return vim.inspect({{}, vim.empty_dict()})'))
    eq('{}', exec_lua([[ return vim.fn.json_encode(vim.empty_dict()) ]]))
    eq('{"a": {}, "b": []}', exec_lua([[ return vim.fn.json_encode({a=vim.empty_dict(), b={}}) ]]))
  end)

  it('vim.validate', function()
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={{}, 'table' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={{}, 't' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 't', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={{ foo='foo' }, 't' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={{ 'foo' }, 't' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={'foo', 'string' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={'foo', 's' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={'', 's' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 's', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={1, 'number' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={1, 'n' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={0, 'n' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={0.1, 'n' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'n', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={true, 'boolean' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={true, 'b' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={false, 'b' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'b', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={function()end, 'function' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={function()end, 'f' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'f', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'nil' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'nil', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={coroutine.create(function()end), 'thread' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={nil, 'thread', true }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={{}, 't' }, arg2={ 'foo', 's' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={2, function(a) return (a % 2) == 0  end, 'even number' }}")
    exec_lua("vim.validate{arg1={5, {'n', 's'} }, arg2={ 'foo', {'n', 's'} }}")

    matches('expected table, got number', pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{ 1, 'x' }"))
    matches('invalid type name: x', pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{ arg1={ 1, 'x' }}"))
    matches('invalid type name: 1', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'vim.validate{ arg1={ 1, 1 }}'))
    matches('invalid type name: nil', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'vim.validate{ arg1={ 1 }}'))

    -- Validated parameters are required by default.
    matches(
      'arg1: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{ arg1={ nil, 's' }}")
    )
    -- Explicitly required.
    matches(
      'arg1: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{ arg1={ nil, 's', false }}")
    )

    matches('arg1: expected table, got number', pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={1, 't'}}"))
    matches(
      'arg2: expected string, got number',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={{}, 't'}, arg2={1, 's'}}")
    )
    matches(
      'arg2: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={{}, 't'}, arg2={nil, 's'}}")
    )
    matches(
      'arg2: expected string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={{}, 't'}, arg2={nil, 's'}}")
    )
    matches(
      'arg1: expected even number, got 3',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={3, function(a) return a == 1 end, 'even number'}}")
    )
    matches(
      'arg1: expected %?, got 3',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, 'vim.validate{arg1={3, function(a) return a == 1 end}}')
    )
    matches(
      'arg1: expected number|string, got nil',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{ arg1={ nil, {'n', 's'} }}")
    )

    -- Pass an additional message back.
    matches(
      'arg1: expected %?, got 3. Info: TEST_MSG',
      pcall_err(exec_lua, "vim.validate{arg1={3, function(a) return a == 1, 'TEST_MSG' end}}")
    )
  end)

  it('vim.is_callable', function()
    eq(true, exec_lua('return vim.is_callable(function()end)'))
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua([[
      local meta = { __call = function()end }
      local function new_callable()
        return setmetatable({}, meta)
      end
      local callable = new_callable()
      return vim.is_callable(callable)
    ]])
    )

    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.is_callable(1)'))
    eq(false, exec_lua("return vim.is_callable('foo')"))
    eq(false, exec_lua('return vim.is_callable({})'))
  end)

  it('vim.g', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_set_var("testing", "hi")
    vim.api.nvim_set_var("other", 123)
    vim.api.nvim_set_var("floaty", 5120.1)
    vim.api.nvim_set_var("nullvar", vim.NIL)
    vim.api.nvim_set_var("to_delete", {hello="world"})
    ]]

    eq('hi', funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.testing')
    eq(123, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.other')
    eq(5120.1, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.floaty')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.nonexistent')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.nullvar')
    -- lost over RPC, so test locally:
    eq(
      { false, true },
      exec_lua [[
      return {vim.g.nonexistent == vim.NIL, vim.g.nullvar == vim.NIL}
    ]]
    )

    eq({ hello = 'world' }, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.to_delete')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.g.to_delete = nil
    ]]
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.to_delete')

    matches([[attempt to index .* nil value]], pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.g[0].testing'))

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.g.AddCounter = add_counter
      vim.g.GetCounter = get_counter
      vim.g.funcs = {add = add_counter, get = get_counter}
      vim.g.AddParens = function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    eval('g:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    eval('g:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.g.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.g.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_get_var('AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_get_var('GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.g.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.g.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_get_var('funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_get_var('funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->AddParens()->AddParens()]]))

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('AddCounter', add_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('GetCounter', get_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('funcs', {add = add_counter, get = get_counter})
      vim.api.nvim_set_var('AddParens', function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end)
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    eval('g:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    eval('g:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('g:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.g.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.g.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_get_var('AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_get_var('GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.g.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.g.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_get_var('funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_get_var('funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->AddParens()->AddParens()]]))

    exec([[
      function Test()
      endfunction
      function s:Test()
      endfunction
      let g:Unknown_func = function('Test')
      let g:Unknown_script_func = function('s:Test')
    ]])
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.g.Unknown_func]]))
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.g.Unknown_script_func]]))

    -- Check if autoload works properly
    local pathsep = helpers.get_pathsep()
    local xconfig = 'Xhome' .. pathsep .. 'Xconfig'
    local xdata = 'Xhome' .. pathsep .. 'Xdata'
    local autoload_folder = table.concat({ xconfig, 'nvim', 'autoload' }, pathsep)
    local autoload_file = table.concat({ autoload_folder, 'testload.vim' }, pathsep)
    mkdir_p(autoload_folder)
    write_file(autoload_file, [[let testload#value = 2]])

    clear { args_rm = { '-u' }, env = { XDG_CONFIG_HOME = xconfig, XDG_DATA_HOME = xdata } }

    eq(2, exec_lua("return vim.g['testload#value']"))
    rmdir('Xhome')
  end)

  it('vim.b', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, "testing", "hi")
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, "other", 123)
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, "floaty", 5120.1)
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, "nullvar", vim.NIL)
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, "to_delete", {hello="world"})
    BUF = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
    vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(BUF, "testing", "bye")
    ]]

    eq('hi', funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.testing')
    eq('bye', funcs.luaeval 'vim.b[BUF].testing')
    eq(123, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.other')
    eq(5120.1, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.floaty')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.nonexistent')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b[BUF].nonexistent')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.nullvar')
    -- lost over RPC, so test locally:
    eq(
      { false, true },
      exec_lua [[
      return {vim.b.nonexistent == vim.NIL, vim.b.nullvar == vim.NIL}
    ]]
    )

    matches([[attempt to index .* nil value]], pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.b[BUF][0].testing'))

    eq({ hello = 'world' }, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.to_delete')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.b.to_delete = nil
    ]]
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.to_delete')

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.b.AddCounter = add_counter
      vim.b.GetCounter = get_counter
      vim.b.funcs = {add = add_counter, get = get_counter}
      vim.b.AddParens = function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    eval('b:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    eval('b:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.b.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.b.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.b.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.b.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->b:AddParens()->b:AddParens()]]))

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, 'AddCounter', add_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, 'GetCounter', get_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, 'funcs', {add = add_counter, get = get_counter})
      vim.api.nvim_buf_set_var(0, 'AddParens', function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end)
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    eval('b:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    eval('b:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('b:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.b.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.b.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.b.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.b.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_buf_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->b:AddParens()->b:AddParens()]]))

    exec([[
      function Test()
      endfunction
      function s:Test()
      endfunction
      let b:Unknown_func = function('Test')
      let b:Unknown_script_func = function('s:Test')
    ]])
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.b.Unknown_func]]))
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.b.Unknown_script_func]]))

    exec_lua [[
    vim.cmd "vnew"
    ]]

    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.testing')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.b.nonexistent')
  end)

  it('vim.w', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, "testing", "hi")
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, "other", 123)
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, "to_delete", {hello="world"})
    BUF = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
    WIN = vim.api.nvim_open_win(BUF, false, {
      width=10, height=10,
      relative='win', row=0, col=0
    })
    vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(WIN, "testing", "bye")
    ]]

    eq('hi', funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.testing')
    eq('bye', funcs.luaeval 'vim.w[WIN].testing')
    eq(123, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.nonexistent')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w[WIN].nonexistent')

    matches([[attempt to index .* nil value]], pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.w[WIN][0].testing'))

    eq({ hello = 'world' }, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.to_delete')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.w.to_delete = nil
    ]]
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.to_delete')

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.w.AddCounter = add_counter
      vim.w.GetCounter = get_counter
      vim.w.funcs = {add = add_counter, get = get_counter}
      vim.w.AddParens = function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    eval('w:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    eval('w:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.w.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.w.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.w.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.w.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->w:AddParens()->w:AddParens()]]))

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, 'AddCounter', add_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, 'GetCounter', get_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, 'funcs', {add = add_counter, get = get_counter})
      vim.api.nvim_win_set_var(0, 'AddParens', function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end)
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    eval('w:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    eval('w:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('w:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.w.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.w.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.w.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.w.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_win_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->w:AddParens()->w:AddParens()]]))

    exec([[
      function Test()
      endfunction
      function s:Test()
      endfunction
      let w:Unknown_func = function('Test')
      let w:Unknown_script_func = function('s:Test')
    ]])
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.w.Unknown_func]]))
    eq(NIL, exec_lua([[return vim.w.Unknown_script_func]]))

    exec_lua [[
    vim.cmd "vnew"
    ]]

    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.testing')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.w.nonexistent')
  end)

  it('vim.t', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, "testing", "hi")
    vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, "other", 123)
    vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, "to_delete", {hello="world"})
    ]]

    eq('hi', funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.testing')
    eq(123, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.nonexistent')
    eq('hi', funcs.luaeval 'vim.t[0].testing')
    eq(123, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t[0].other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t[0].nonexistent')

    matches([[attempt to index .* nil value]], pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.t[0][0].testing'))

    eq({ hello = 'world' }, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.to_delete')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.t.to_delete = nil
    ]]
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.to_delete')

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.t.AddCounter = add_counter
      vim.t.GetCounter = get_counter
      vim.t.funcs = {add = add_counter, get = get_counter}
      vim.t.AddParens = function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    eval('t:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    eval('t:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.t.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.t.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.t.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.t.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->t:AddParens()->t:AddParens()]]))

    exec_lua [[
      local counter = 0
      local function add_counter() counter = counter + 1 end
      local function get_counter() return counter end
      vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, 'AddCounter', add_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, 'GetCounter', get_counter)
      vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, 'funcs', {add = add_counter, get = get_counter})
      vim.api.nvim_tabpage_set_var(0, 'AddParens', function(s) return '(' .. s .. ')' end)
    ]]

    eq(0, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    eval('t:AddCounter()')
    eq(1, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    eval('t:AddCounter()')
    eq(2, eval('t:GetCounter()'))
    exec_lua([[vim.t.AddCounter()]])
    eq(3, exec_lua([[return vim.t.GetCounter()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'AddCounter')()]])
    eq(4, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'GetCounter')()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.t.funcs.add()]])
    eq(5, exec_lua([[return vim.t.funcs.get()]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'funcs').add()]])
    eq(6, exec_lua([[return vim.api.nvim_tabpage_get_var(0, 'funcs').get()]]))
    eq('((foo))', eval([['foo'->t:AddParens()->t:AddParens()]]))

    exec_lua [[
    vim.cmd "tabnew"
    ]]

    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.testing')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.other')
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.t.nonexistent')
  end)

  it('vim.env', function()
    exec_lua([[vim.fn.setenv('A', 123)]])
    eq('123', funcs.luaeval('vim.env.A'))
    exec_lua([[vim.env.A = 456]])
    eq('456', funcs.luaeval('vim.env.A'))
    exec_lua([[vim.env.A = nil]])
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval('vim.env.A'))

    eq(true, funcs.luaeval('vim.env.B == nil'))

    command([[let $HOME = 'foo']])
    eq('foo', funcs.expand('~'))
    eq('foo', funcs.luaeval('vim.env.HOME'))
    exec_lua([[vim.env.HOME = nil]])
    eq('foo', funcs.expand('~'))
    exec_lua([[vim.env.HOME = 'bar']])
    eq('bar', funcs.expand('~'))
    eq('bar', funcs.luaeval('vim.env.HOME'))
  end)

  it('vim.v', function()
    eq(funcs.luaeval "vim.api.nvim_get_vvar('progpath')", funcs.luaeval 'vim.v.progpath')
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval "vim.v['false']")
    eq(NIL, funcs.luaeval 'vim.v.null')
    matches([[attempt to index .* nil value]], pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.v[0].progpath'))
    eq('Key is read-only: count', pcall_err(exec_lua, [[vim.v.count = 42]]))
    eq('Dictionary is locked', pcall_err(exec_lua, [[vim.v.nosuchvar = 42]]))
    eq('Key is fixed: errmsg', pcall_err(exec_lua, [[vim.v.errmsg = nil]]))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.errmsg = 'set by Lua']])
    eq('set by Lua', eval('v:errmsg'))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.errmsg = 42]])
    eq('42', eval('v:errmsg'))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.oldfiles = { 'one', 'two' }]])
    eq({ 'one', 'two' }, eval('v:oldfiles'))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.oldfiles = {}]])
    eq({}, eval('v:oldfiles'))
    eq('Setting v:oldfiles to value with wrong type', pcall_err(exec_lua, [[vim.v.oldfiles = 'a']]))
    eq({}, eval('v:oldfiles'))

    feed('i foo foo foo<Esc>0/foo<CR>')
    eq({ 1, 1 }, meths.win_get_cursor(0))
    eq(1, eval('v:searchforward'))
    feed('n')
    eq({ 1, 5 }, meths.win_get_cursor(0))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.searchforward = 0]])
    eq(0, eval('v:searchforward'))
    feed('n')
    eq({ 1, 1 }, meths.win_get_cursor(0))
    exec_lua([[vim.v.searchforward = 1]])
    eq(1, eval('v:searchforward'))
    feed('n')
    eq({ 1, 5 }, meths.win_get_cursor(0))

    local screen = Screen.new(60, 3)
    screen:set_default_attr_ids({
      [0] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.Blue },
      [1] = { background = Screen.colors.Yellow },
    })
    screen:attach()
    eq(1, eval('v:hlsearch'))
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
       {1:foo} {1:^foo} {1:foo}                                                |
      {0:~                                                           }|
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }
    exec_lua([[vim.v.hlsearch = 0]])
    eq(0, eval('v:hlsearch'))
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
       foo ^foo foo                                                |
      {0:~                                                           }|
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }
    exec_lua([[vim.v.hlsearch = 1]])
    eq(1, eval('v:hlsearch'))
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
       {1:foo} {1:^foo} {1:foo}                                                |
      {0:~                                                           }|
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }
  end)

  it('vim.bo', function()
    eq('', funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo.filetype')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_set_option_value("filetype", "markdown", {})
    BUF = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
    vim.api.nvim_set_option_value("modifiable", false, {buf = BUF})
    ]]
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo.modified')
    eq('markdown', funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo.filetype')
    eq(false, funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo[BUF].modifiable')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.bo.filetype = ''
    vim.bo[BUF].modifiable = true
    ]]
    eq('', funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo.filetype')
    eq(true, funcs.luaeval 'vim.bo[BUF].modifiable')
    matches("Unknown option 'nosuchopt'$", pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.bo.nosuchopt'))
    matches('Expected Lua string$', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.bo[0][0].autoread'))
    matches('Invalid buffer id: %-1$', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.bo[-1].filetype'))
  end)

  it('vim.wo', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.api.nvim_set_option_value("cole", 2, {})
    vim.cmd "split"
    vim.api.nvim_set_option_value("cole", 2, {})
    ]]
    eq(2, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo.cole')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.wo.conceallevel = 0
    ]]
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo.cole')
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo[0].cole')
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo[1001].cole')
    matches("Unknown option 'notanopt'$", pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.wo.notanopt'))
    matches('Invalid window id: %-1$', pcall_err(exec_lua, 'return vim.wo[-1].list'))
    eq(2, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo[1000].cole')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.wo[1000].cole = 0
    ]]
    eq(0, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo[1000].cole')

    -- Can handle global-local values
    exec_lua [[vim.o.scrolloff = 100]]
    exec_lua [[vim.wo.scrolloff = 200]]
    eq(200, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo.scrolloff')
    exec_lua [[vim.wo.scrolloff = -1]]
    eq(100, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo.scrolloff')
    exec_lua [[
    vim.wo[0][0].scrolloff = 200
    vim.cmd "enew"
    ]]
    eq(100, funcs.luaeval 'vim.wo.scrolloff')
  end)

  describe('vim.opt', function()
    -- TODO: We still need to write some tests for optlocal, opt and then getting the options
    --  Probably could also do some stuff with getting things from viml side as well to confirm behavior is the same.

    it('should allow setting number values', function()
      local scrolloff = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.scrolloff = 10
        return vim.o.scrolloff
      ]]
      eq(scrolloff, 10)
    end)

    pending('should handle STUPID window things', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        local result = {}

        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('scrolloff', {scope='global'}))
        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('scrolloff', {win=0}))

        return result
      ]]

      eq({}, result)
    end)

    it('should allow setting tables', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = { 'hello', 'world' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'hello,world')
    end)

    it('should allow setting tables with shortnames', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wig = { 'hello', 'world' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'hello,world')
    end)

    it('should error when you attempt to set string values to numeric options', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        return {
          pcall(function() vim.opt.textwidth = 'hello world' end)
        }
      ]]

      eq(false, result[1])
    end)

    it('should error when you attempt to setlocal a global value', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        return pcall(function() vim.opt_local.clipboard = "hello" end)
      ]]

      eq(false, result)
    end)

    it('should allow you to set boolean values', function()
      eq(
        { true, false, true },
        exec_lua [[
        local results = {}

        vim.opt.autoindent = true
        table.insert(results, vim.bo.autoindent)

        vim.opt.autoindent = false
        table.insert(results, vim.bo.autoindent)

        vim.opt.autoindent = not vim.opt.autoindent:get()
        table.insert(results, vim.bo.autoindent)

        return results
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should change current buffer values and defaults for global local values', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        local result = {}

        vim.opt.makeprg = "global-local"
        table.insert(result, vim.go.makeprg)
        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('makeprg', {buf=0}))

        vim.opt_local.mp = "only-local"
        table.insert(result, vim.go.makeprg)
        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('makeprg', {buf=0}))

        vim.opt_global.makeprg = "only-global"
        table.insert(result, vim.go.makeprg)
        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('makeprg', {buf=0}))

        vim.opt.makeprg = "global-local"
        table.insert(result, vim.go.makeprg)
        table.insert(result, vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('makeprg', {buf=0}))
        return result
      ]]

      -- Set -> global & local
      eq('global-local', result[1])
      eq('', result[2])

      -- Setlocal -> only local
      eq('global-local', result[3])
      eq('only-local', result[4])

      -- Setglobal -> only global
      eq('only-global', result[5])
      eq('only-local', result[6])

      -- Set -> sets global value and resets local value
      eq('global-local', result[7])
      eq('', result[8])
    end)

    it('should allow you to retrieve window opts even if they have not been set', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        local result = {}
        table.insert(result, vim.opt.number:get())
        table.insert(result, vim.opt_local.number:get())

        vim.opt_local.number = true
        table.insert(result, vim.opt.number:get())
        table.insert(result, vim.opt_local.number:get())

        return result
      ]]
      eq({ false, false, true, true }, result)
    end)

    it('should allow all sorts of string manipulation', function()
      eq(
        { 'hello', 'hello world', 'start hello world' },
        exec_lua [[
        local results = {}

        vim.opt.makeprg = "hello"
        table.insert(results, vim.o.makeprg)

        vim.opt.makeprg = vim.opt.makeprg + " world"
        table.insert(results, vim.o.makeprg)

        vim.opt.makeprg = vim.opt.makeprg ^ "start "
        table.insert(results, vim.o.makeprg)

        return results
      ]]
      )
    end)

    describe('option:get()', function()
      it('should work for boolean values', function()
        eq(
          false,
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.number = false
          return vim.opt.number:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('should work for number values', function()
        local tabstop = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = 10
          return vim.opt.tabstop:get()
        ]]

        eq(10, tabstop)
      end)

      it('should work for string values', function()
        eq(
          'hello world',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.makeprg = "hello world"
          return vim.opt.makeprg:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('should work for set type flaglists', function()
        local formatoptions = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.formatoptions = 'tcro'
          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]

        eq(true, formatoptions.t)
        eq(true, not formatoptions.q)
      end)

      it('should work for set type flaglists', function()
        local formatoptions = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.formatoptions = { t = true, c = true, r = true, o = true }
          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]

        eq(true, formatoptions.t)
        eq(true, not formatoptions.q)
      end)

      it('should work for array list type options', function()
        local wildignore = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.wildignore = "*.c,*.o,__pycache__"
          return vim.opt.wildignore:get()
        ]]

        eq(3, #wildignore)
        eq('*.c', wildignore[1])
      end)

      it('should work for options that are both commalist and flaglist', function()
        local result = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = "b,s"
          return vim.opt.whichwrap:get()
        ]]

        eq({ b = true, s = true }, result)

        result = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = { b = true, s = false, h = true }
          return vim.opt.whichwrap:get()
        ]]

        eq({ b = true, h = true }, result)
      end)

      it('should work for key-value pair options', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = "tab:> ,space:_"
          return vim.opt.listchars:get()
        ]]

        eq({
          tab = '> ',
          space = '_',
        }, listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow you to add numeric options', function()
        eq(
          16,
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = 12
          vim.opt.tabstop = vim.opt.tabstop + 4
          return vim.bo.tabstop
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('should allow you to subtract numeric options', function()
        eq(
          2,
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = 4
          vim.opt.tabstop = vim.opt.tabstop - 2
          return vim.bo.tabstop
        ]]
        )
      end)
    end)

    describe('key:value style options', function()
      it('should handle dictionary style', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]
        eq('eol:~,space:.', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow adding dictionary style', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }

          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars + { space = "-" }

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~,space:-', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow adding dictionary style', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars + { space = "-" } + { space = "_" }

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~,space:_', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow completely new keys', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars + { tab = ">>>" }

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~,space:.,tab:>>>', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow subtracting dictionary style', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars - "space"

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow subtracting dictionary style', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars - "space" - "eol"

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow subtracting dictionary style multiple times', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars - "space" - "space"

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow adding a key:value string to a listchars', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars + "tab:>~"

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~,space:.,tab:>~', listchars)
      end)

      it('should allow prepending a key:value string to a listchars', function()
        local listchars = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          vim.opt.listchars = vim.opt.listchars ^ "tab:>~"

          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]

        eq('eol:~,space:.,tab:>~', listchars)
      end)
    end)

    it('should automatically set when calling remove', function()
      eq(
        'foo,baz',
        exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = "foo,bar,baz"
        vim.opt.wildignore:remove("bar")

        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should automatically set when calling remove with a table', function()
      eq(
        'foo',
        exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = "foo,bar,baz"
        vim.opt.wildignore:remove { "bar", "baz" }

        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should automatically set when calling append', function()
      eq(
        'foo,bar,baz,bing',
        exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = "foo,bar,baz"
        vim.opt.wildignore:append("bing")

        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should automatically set when calling append with a table', function()
      eq(
        'foo,bar,baz,bing,zap',
        exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = "foo,bar,baz"
        vim.opt.wildignore:append { "bing", "zap" }

        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should allow adding tables', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = 'foo'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo')

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + { 'bar', 'baz' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,bar,baz')
    end)

    it('should handle adding duplicates', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = 'foo'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo')

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + { 'bar', 'baz' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,bar,baz')

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + { 'bar', 'baz' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,bar,baz')
    end)

    it('should allow adding multiple times', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = 'foo'
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + 'bar' + 'baz'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,bar,baz')
    end)

    it('should remove values when you use minus', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = 'foo'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo')

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore + { 'bar', 'baz' }
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,bar,baz')

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore - 'bar'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'foo,baz')
    end)

    it('should prepend values when using ^', function()
      local wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = 'foo'
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ 'first'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq('first,foo', wildignore)

      wildignore = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildignore = vim.opt.wildignore ^ 'super_first'
        return vim.o.wildignore
      ]]
      eq(wildignore, 'super_first,first,foo')
    end)

    it('should not remove duplicates from wildmode: #14708', function()
      local wildmode = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.wildmode = {"full", "list", "full"}
        return vim.o.wildmode
      ]]

      eq(wildmode, 'full,list,full')
    end)

    describe('option types', function()
      it('should allow to set option with numeric value', function()
        eq(
          4,
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = 4
          return vim.bo.tabstop
        ]]
        )

        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'string' for 'tabstop'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = '4'
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'boolean' for 'tabstop'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = true
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'table' for 'tabstop'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = {4, 2}
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'function' for 'tabstop'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.tabstop = function()
            return 4
          end
        ]]
          )
        )
      end)

      it('should allow to set option with boolean value', function()
        eq(
          true,
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.undofile = true
          return vim.bo.undofile
        ]]
        )

        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'number' for 'undofile'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.undofile = 0
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'table' for 'undofile'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.undofile = {true}
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'string' for 'undofile'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.undofile = 'true'
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'function' for 'undofile'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.undofile = function()
            return true
          end
        ]]
          )
        )
      end)

      it('should allow to set option with array or string value', function()
        eq(
          'indent,eol,start',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.backspace = {'indent','eol','start'}
          return vim.go.backspace
        ]]
        )
        eq(
          'indent,eol,start',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.backspace = 'indent,eol,start'
          return vim.go.backspace
        ]]
        )

        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'boolean' for 'backspace'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.backspace = true
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'number' for 'backspace'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.backspace = 2
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'function' for 'backspace'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.backspace = function()
            return 'indent,eol,start'
          end
        ]]
          )
        )
      end)

      it('should allow set option with map or string value', function()
        eq(
          'eol:~,space:.',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = {
            eol = "~",
            space = ".",
          }
          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]
        )
        eq(
          'eol:~,space:.,tab:>~',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.listchars = "eol:~,space:.,tab:>~"
          return vim.o.listchars
        ]]
        )

        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'boolean' for 'listchars'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.listchars = true
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'number' for 'listchars'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.listchars = 2
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'function' for 'listchars'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.listchars = function()
            return "eol:~,space:.,tab:>~"
          end
        ]]
          )
        )
      end)

      it('should allow set option with set or string value', function()
        local ww = exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = {
            b = true,
            s = 1,
          }
          return vim.go.whichwrap
        ]]

        eq(ww, 'b,s')
        eq(
          'b,s,<,>,[,]',
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = "b,s,<,>,[,]"
          return vim.go.whichwrap
        ]]
        )

        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'boolean' for 'whichwrap'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = true
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'number' for 'whichwrap'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = 2
        ]]
          )
        )
        matches(
          "Invalid option type 'function' for 'whichwrap'",
          pcall_err(
            exec_lua,
            [[
          vim.opt.whichwrap = function()
            return "b,s,<,>,[,]"
          end
        ]]
          )
        )
      end)
    end)

    -- isfname=a,b,c,,,d,e,f
    it('can handle isfname ,,,', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.isfname = "a,b,,,c"
        return { vim.opt.isfname:get(), vim.go.isfname }
      ]]

      eq({ { ',', 'a', 'b', 'c' }, 'a,b,,,c' }, result)
    end)

    -- isfname=a,b,c,^,,def
    it('can handle isfname ,^,,', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        vim.opt.isfname = "a,b,^,,c"
        return { vim.opt.isfname:get(), vim.go.isfname }
      ]]

      eq({ { '^,', 'a', 'b', 'c' }, 'a,b,^,,c' }, result)
    end)

    describe('https://github.com/neovim/neovim/issues/14828', function()
      it('gives empty list when item is empty:array', function()
        eq(
          {},
          exec_lua [[
          vim.cmd("set wildignore=")
          return vim.opt.wildignore:get()
        ]]
        )

        eq(
          {},
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.wildignore = {}
          return vim.opt.wildignore:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('gives empty list when item is empty:set', function()
        eq(
          {},
          exec_lua [[
          vim.cmd("set formatoptions=")
          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]
        )

        eq(
          {},
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.formatoptions = {}
          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('does not append to empty item', function()
        eq(
          { '*.foo', '*.bar' },
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.wildignore = {}
          vim.opt.wildignore:append { "*.foo", "*.bar" }

          return vim.opt.wildignore:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('does not prepend to empty item', function()
        eq(
          { '*.foo', '*.bar' },
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.wildignore = {}
          vim.opt.wildignore:prepend { "*.foo", "*.bar" }

          return vim.opt.wildignore:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('append to empty set', function()
        eq(
          { t = true },
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.formatoptions = {}
          vim.opt.formatoptions:append("t")

          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)

      it('prepend to empty set', function()
        eq(
          { t = true },
          exec_lua [[
          vim.opt.formatoptions = {}
          vim.opt.formatoptions:prepend("t")

          return vim.opt.formatoptions:get()
        ]]
        )
      end)
    end)
  end) -- vim.opt

  describe('vim.opt_local', function()
    it('appends into global value when changing local option value', function()
      eq(
        { 'foo,bar,baz,qux' },
        exec_lua [[
        local result = {}

        vim.opt.tags = "foo,bar"
        vim.opt_local.tags:append("baz")
        vim.opt_local.tags:append("qux")

        table.insert(result, vim.bo.tags)

        return result
      ]]
      )
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.opt_global', function()
    it('gets current global option value', function()
      eq(
        { 'yes' },
        exec_lua [[
        local result = {}

        vim.cmd "setglobal signcolumn=yes"
        table.insert(result, vim.opt_global.signcolumn:get())

        return result
      ]]
      )
    end)
  end)

  it('vim.cmd', function()
    exec_lua [[
    vim.cmd "autocmd BufNew * ++once lua BUF = vim.fn.expand('<abuf>')"
    vim.cmd "new"
    ]]
    eq('2', funcs.luaeval 'BUF')
    eq(2, funcs.luaeval '#vim.api.nvim_list_bufs()')

    -- vim.cmd can be indexed with a command name
    exec_lua [[
      vim.cmd.let 'g:var = 2'
    ]]

    eq(2, funcs.luaeval 'vim.g.var')
  end)

  it('vim.regex', function()
    exec_lua [[
      re1 = vim.regex"ab\\+c"
      vim.cmd "set nomagic ignorecase"
      re2 = vim.regex"xYz"
    ]]
    eq({}, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_str("x ac")}]])
    eq({ 3, 7 }, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_str("ac abbc")}]])

    meths.buf_set_lines(0, 0, -1, true, { 'yy', 'abc abbc' })
    eq({}, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 0)}]])
    eq({ 0, 3 }, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 1)}]])
    eq({ 3, 7 }, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 1, 1)}]])
    eq({ 3, 7 }, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 1, 1, 8)}]])
    eq({}, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 1, 1, 7)}]])
    eq({ 0, 3 }, exec_lua [[return {re1:match_line(0, 1, 0, 7)}]])

    -- vim.regex() error inside :silent! should not crash. #20546
    command([[silent! lua vim.regex('\\z')]])
    assert_alive()
  end)

  it('vim.defer_fn', function()
    eq(
      false,
      exec_lua [[
      vim.g.test = false
      vim.defer_fn(function() vim.g.test = true end, 150)
      return vim.g.test
    ]]
    )
    exec_lua [[vim.wait(1000, function() return vim.g.test end)]]
    eq(true, exec_lua [[return vim.g.test]])
  end)

  describe('vim.region', function()
    it('charwise', function()
      insert(dedent([[
      text tααt tααt text
      text tαxt txtα tex
      text tαxt tαxt
      ]]))
      eq({ 5, 13 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,13},'v',false)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 15 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,13},'v',true)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 15 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,14},'v',true)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 15 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,15},'v',false)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 17 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,15},'v',true)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 17 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,16},'v',true)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 17 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,17},'v',false)[0] ]])
      eq({ 5, 18 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,5},{0,17},'v',true)[0] ]])
    end)
    it('blockwise', function()
      insert([[αα]])
      eq({ 0, 5 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,0},{0,4},'3',true)[0] ]])
    end)
    it('linewise', function()
      insert(dedent([[
      text tααt tααt text
      text tαxt txtα tex
      text tαxt tαxt
      ]]))
      eq({ 0, -1 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{1,5},{1,14},'V',true)[1] ]])
    end)
    it('getpos() input', function()
      insert('getpos')
      eq({ 0, 6 }, exec_lua [[ return vim.region(0,{0,0},'.','v',true)[0] ]])
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.on_key', function()
    it('tracks keystrokes', function()
      insert([[hello world ]])

      exec_lua [[
        keys = {}

        vim.on_key(function(buf)
          if buf:byte() == 27 then
            buf = "<ESC>"
          end

          table.insert(keys, buf)
        end)
      ]]

      insert([[next 🤦 lines å ]])

      -- It has escape in the keys pressed
      eq('inext 🤦 lines å <ESC>', exec_lua [[return table.concat(keys, '')]])
    end)

    it('allows removing on_key listeners', function()
      -- Create some unused namespaces
      meths.create_namespace('unused1')
      meths.create_namespace('unused2')
      meths.create_namespace('unused3')
      meths.create_namespace('unused4')

      insert([[hello world]])

      exec_lua [[
        keys = {}

        return vim.on_key(function(buf)
          if buf:byte() == 27 then
            buf = "<ESC>"
          end

          table.insert(keys, buf)
        end, vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("logger"))
      ]]

      insert([[next lines]])

      eq(1, exec_lua('return vim.on_key()'))
      exec_lua("vim.on_key(nil, vim.api.nvim_create_namespace('logger'))")
      eq(0, exec_lua('return vim.on_key()'))

      insert([[more lines]])

      -- It has escape in the keys pressed
      eq('inext lines<ESC>', exec_lua [[return table.concat(keys, '')]])
    end)

    it('skips any function that caused an error', function()
      insert([[hello world]])

      exec_lua [[
        keys = {}

        return vim.on_key(function(buf)
          if buf:byte() == 27 then
            buf = "<ESC>"
          end

          table.insert(keys, buf)

          if buf == 'l' then
            error("Dumb Error")
          end
        end)
      ]]

      insert([[next lines]])
      insert([[more lines]])

      -- Only the first letter gets added. After that we remove the callback
      eq('inext l', exec_lua [[ return table.concat(keys, '') ]])
    end)

    it('processes mapped keys, not unmapped keys', function()
      exec_lua [[
        keys = {}

        vim.cmd("inoremap hello world")

        vim.on_key(function(buf)
          if buf:byte() == 27 then
            buf = "<ESC>"
          end

          table.insert(keys, buf)
        end)
      ]]
      insert('hello')

      eq('iworld<ESC>', exec_lua [[return table.concat(keys, '')]])
    end)

    it('can call vim.fn functions on Ctrl-C #17273', function()
      exec_lua([[
        _G.ctrl_c_cmdtype = ''

        vim.on_key(function(c)
          if c == '\3' then
            _G.ctrl_c_cmdtype = vim.fn.getcmdtype()
          end
        end)
      ]])
      feed('/')
      poke_eventloop() -- This is needed because Ctrl-C flushes input
      feed('<C-C>')
      eq('/', exec_lua([[return _G.ctrl_c_cmdtype]]))
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.wait', function()
    before_each(function()
      exec_lua [[
        -- high precision timer
        get_time = function()
          return vim.fn.reltimefloat(vim.fn.reltime())
        end
      ]]
    end)

    it('should run from lua', function()
      exec_lua [[vim.wait(100, function() return true end)]]
    end)

    it('should wait the expected time if false', function()
      eq(
        { time = true, wait_result = { false, -1 } },
        exec_lua [[
        start_time = get_time()
        wait_succeed, wait_fail_val = vim.wait(200, function() return false end)

        return {
          -- 150ms waiting or more results in true. Flaky tests are bad.
          time = (start_time + 0.15) < get_time(),
          wait_result = {wait_succeed, wait_fail_val}
        }
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should not block other events', function()
      eq(
        { time = true, wait_result = true },
        exec_lua [[
        start_time = get_time()

        vim.g.timer_result = false
        timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
        timer:start(100, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
          vim.g.timer_result = true
        end))

        -- Would wait ten seconds if results blocked.
        wait_result = vim.wait(10000, function() return vim.g.timer_result end)

        timer:close()

        return {
          time = (start_time + 5) > get_time(),
          wait_result = wait_result,
        }
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should not process non-fast events when commanded', function()
      eq(
        { wait_result = false },
        exec_lua [[
        start_time = get_time()

        vim.g.timer_result = false
        timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
        timer:start(100, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
          vim.g.timer_result = true
        end))

        wait_result = vim.wait(300, function() return vim.g.timer_result end, nil, true)

        timer:close()

        return {
          wait_result = wait_result,
        }
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should work with vim.defer_fn', function()
      eq(
        { time = true, wait_result = true },
        exec_lua [[
        start_time = get_time()

        vim.defer_fn(function() vim.g.timer_result = true end, 100)
        wait_result = vim.wait(10000, function() return vim.g.timer_result end)

        return {
          time = (start_time + 5) > get_time(),
          wait_result = wait_result,
        }
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should not crash when callback errors', function()
      local result = exec_lua [[
        return {pcall(function() vim.wait(1000, function() error("As Expected") end) end)}
      ]]
      eq({ false, '[string "<nvim>"]:1: As Expected' }, { result[1], remove_trace(result[2]) })
    end)

    it('if callback is passed, it must be a function', function()
      eq(
        { false, 'vim.wait: if passed, condition must be a function' },
        exec_lua [[
        return {pcall(function() vim.wait(1000, 13) end)}
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should allow waiting with no callback, explicit', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        local start_time = vim.uv.hrtime()
        vim.wait(50, nil)
        return vim.uv.hrtime() - start_time > 25000
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should allow waiting with no callback, implicit', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        local start_time = vim.uv.hrtime()
        vim.wait(50)
        return vim.uv.hrtime() - start_time > 25000
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should call callbacks exactly once if they return true immediately', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        vim.g.wait_count = 0
        vim.wait(1000, function()
          vim.g.wait_count = vim.g.wait_count + 1
          return true
        end, 20)
        return vim.g.wait_count == 1
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should call callbacks few times with large `interval`', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        vim.g.wait_count = 0
        vim.wait(50, function() vim.g.wait_count = vim.g.wait_count + 1 end, 200)
        return vim.g.wait_count < 5
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should play nice with `not` when fails', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        if not vim.wait(50, function() end) then
          return true
        end

        return false
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should play nice with `if` when success', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        if vim.wait(50, function() return true end) then
          return true
        end

        return false
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should return immediately with false if timeout is 0', function()
      eq(
        { false, -1 },
        exec_lua [[
        return {
          vim.wait(0, function() return false end)
        }
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should work with tables with __call', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        local t = setmetatable({}, {__call = function(...) return true end})
        return vim.wait(100, t, 10)
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should work with tables with __call that change', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua [[
        local t = {count = 0}
        setmetatable(t, {
          __call = function()
            t.count = t.count + 1
            return t.count > 3
          end
        })

        return vim.wait(1000, t, 10)
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('should not work with negative intervals', function()
      local pcall_result = exec_lua [[
        return pcall(function() vim.wait(1000, function() return false end, -1) end)
      ]]

      eq(false, pcall_result)
    end)

    it('should not work with weird intervals', function()
      local pcall_result = exec_lua [[
        return pcall(function() vim.wait(1000, function() return false end, 'a string value') end)
      ]]

      eq(false, pcall_result)
    end)

    describe('returns -2 when interrupted', function()
      before_each(function()
        local channel = meths.get_api_info()[1]
        meths.set_var('channel', channel)
      end)

      it('without callback', function()
        exec_lua([[
          function _G.Wait()
            vim.rpcnotify(vim.g.channel, 'ready')
            local _, interrupted = vim.wait(4000)
            vim.rpcnotify(vim.g.channel, 'wait', interrupted)
          end
        ]])
        feed(':lua _G.Wait()<CR>')
        eq({ 'notification', 'ready', {} }, next_msg(500))
        feed('<C-C>')
        eq({ 'notification', 'wait', { -2 } }, next_msg(500))
      end)

      it('with callback', function()
        exec_lua([[
          function _G.Wait()
            vim.rpcnotify(vim.g.channel, 'ready')
            local _, interrupted = vim.wait(4000, function() end)
            vim.rpcnotify(vim.g.channel, 'wait', interrupted)
          end
        ]])
        feed(':lua _G.Wait()<CR>')
        eq({ 'notification', 'ready', {} }, next_msg(500))
        feed('<C-C>')
        eq({ 'notification', 'wait', { -2 } }, next_msg(500))
      end)
    end)

    it('should not run in fast callbacks #26122', function()
      local screen = Screen.new(80, 10)
      screen:attach()
      exec_lua([[
        local timer = vim.uv.new_timer()
        timer:start(0, 0, function()
          timer:close()
          vim.wait(100, function() end)
        end)
      ]])
      screen:expect({
        any = pesc('E5560: vim.wait must not be called in a lua loop callback'),
      })
      feed('<CR>')
      assert_alive()
    end)
  end)

  it('vim.notify_once', function()
    local screen = Screen.new(60, 5)
    screen:set_default_attr_ids({
      [0] = { bold = true, foreground = Screen.colors.Blue },
      [1] = { foreground = Screen.colors.Red },
    })
    screen:attach()
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      ^                                                            |
      {0:~                                                           }|*3
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }
    exec_lua [[vim.notify_once("I'll only tell you this once...", vim.log.levels.WARN)]]
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      ^                                                            |
      {0:~                                                           }|*3
      {1:I'll only tell you this once...}                             |
    ]],
    }
    feed('<C-l>')
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      ^                                                            |
      {0:~                                                           }|*3
                                                                  |
    ]],
    }
    exec_lua [[vim.notify_once("I'll only tell you this once...")]]
    screen:expect_unchanged()
  end)

  describe('vim.schedule_wrap', function()
    it('preserves argument lists', function()
      exec_lua [[
        local fun = vim.schedule_wrap(function(kling, klang, klonk)
          vim.rpcnotify(1, 'mayday_mayday', {a=kling, b=klang, c=klonk})
        end)
        fun("BOB", nil, "MIKE")
      ]]
      eq({ 'notification', 'mayday_mayday', { { a = 'BOB', c = 'MIKE' } } }, next_msg())

      -- let's gooooo
      exec_lua [[
        vim.schedule_wrap(function(...) vim.rpcnotify(1, 'boogalo', select('#', ...)) end)(nil,nil,nil,nil)
      ]]
      eq({ 'notification', 'boogalo', { 4 } }, next_msg())
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.api.nvim_buf_call', function()
    it('can access buf options', function()
      local buf1 = meths.get_current_buf().id
      local buf2 = exec_lua [[
        buf2 = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
        return buf2
      ]]

      eq(false, meths.get_option_value('autoindent', { buf = buf1 }))
      eq(false, meths.get_option_value('autoindent', { buf = buf2 }))

      local val = exec_lua [[
        return vim.api.nvim_buf_call(buf2, function()
          vim.cmd "set autoindent"
          return vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
        end)
      ]]

      eq(false, meths.get_option_value('autoindent', { buf = buf1 }))
      eq(true, meths.get_option_value('autoindent', { buf = buf2 }))
      eq(buf1, meths.get_current_buf().id)
      eq(buf2, val)
    end)

    it('does not cause ml_get errors with invalid visual selection', function()
      -- Should be fixed by vim-patch:8.2.4028.
      exec_lua [[
        local api = vim.api
        local t = function(s) return api.nvim_replace_termcodes(s, true, true, true) end
        api.nvim_buf_set_lines(0, 0, -1, true, {"a", "b", "c"})
        api.nvim_feedkeys(t "G<C-V>", "txn", false)
        api.nvim_buf_call(api.nvim_create_buf(false, true), function() vim.cmd "redraw" end)
      ]]
    end)

    it('can be nested crazily with hidden buffers', function()
      eq(
        true,
        exec_lua([[
        local function scratch_buf_call(fn)
          local buf = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
          vim.api.nvim_set_option_value('cindent', true, {buf = buf})
          return vim.api.nvim_buf_call(buf, function()
            return vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf() == buf
              and vim.api.nvim_get_option_value('cindent', {buf = buf})
              and fn()
          end) and vim.api.nvim_buf_delete(buf, {}) == nil
        end

        return scratch_buf_call(function()
          return scratch_buf_call(function()
            return scratch_buf_call(function()
              return scratch_buf_call(function()
                return scratch_buf_call(function()
                  return scratch_buf_call(function()
                    return scratch_buf_call(function()
                      return scratch_buf_call(function()
                        return scratch_buf_call(function()
                          return scratch_buf_call(function()
                            return scratch_buf_call(function()
                              return scratch_buf_call(function()
                                return true
                              end)
                            end)
                          end)
                        end)
                      end)
                    end)
                  end)
                end)
              end)
            end)
          end)
        end)
      ]])
      )
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.api.nvim_win_call', function()
    it('can access window options', function()
      command('vsplit')
      local win1 = meths.get_current_win().id
      command('wincmd w')
      local win2 = exec_lua [[
        win2 = vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
        return win2
      ]]
      command('wincmd p')

      eq('', meths.get_option_value('winhighlight', { win = win1 }))
      eq('', meths.get_option_value('winhighlight', { win = win2 }))

      local val = exec_lua [[
        return vim.api.nvim_win_call(win2, function()
          vim.cmd "setlocal winhighlight=Normal:Normal"
          return vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
        end)
      ]]

      eq('', meths.get_option_value('winhighlight', { win = win1 }))
      eq('Normal:Normal', meths.get_option_value('winhighlight', { win = win2 }))
      eq(win1, meths.get_current_win().id)
      eq(win2, val)
    end)

    it('does not cause ml_get errors with invalid visual selection', function()
      -- Add lines to the current buffer and make another window looking into an empty buffer.
      exec_lua [[
        _G.api = vim.api
        _G.t = function(s) return api.nvim_replace_termcodes(s, true, true, true) end
        _G.win_lines = api.nvim_get_current_win()
        vim.cmd "new"
        _G.win_empty = api.nvim_get_current_win()
        api.nvim_set_current_win(win_lines)
        api.nvim_buf_set_lines(0, 0, -1, true, {"a", "b", "c"})
      ]]

      -- Start Visual in current window, redraw in other window with fewer lines.
      -- Should be fixed by vim-patch:8.2.4018.
      exec_lua [[
        api.nvim_feedkeys(t "G<C-V>", "txn", false)
        api.nvim_win_call(win_empty, function() vim.cmd "redraw" end)
      ]]

      -- Start Visual in current window, extend it in other window with more lines.
      -- Fixed for win_execute by vim-patch:8.2.4026, but nvim_win_call should also not be affected.
      exec_lua [[
        api.nvim_feedkeys(t "<Esc>gg", "txn", false)
        api.nvim_set_current_win(win_empty)
        api.nvim_feedkeys(t "gg<C-V>", "txn", false)
        api.nvim_win_call(win_lines, function() api.nvim_feedkeys(t "G<C-V>", "txn", false) end)
        vim.cmd "redraw"
      ]]
    end)

    it('updates ruler if cursor moved', function()
      -- Fixed for win_execute in vim-patch:8.1.2124, but should've applied to nvim_win_call too!
      local screen = Screen.new(30, 5)
      screen:set_default_attr_ids {
        [1] = { reverse = true },
        [2] = { bold = true, reverse = true },
      }
      screen:attach()
      exec_lua [[
        _G.api = vim.api
        vim.opt.ruler = true
        local lines = {}
        for i = 0, 499 do lines[#lines + 1] = tostring(i) end
        api.nvim_buf_set_lines(0, 0, -1, true, lines)
        api.nvim_win_set_cursor(0, {20, 0})
        vim.cmd "split"
        _G.win = api.nvim_get_current_win()
        vim.cmd "wincmd w | redraw"
      ]]
      screen:expect [[
        19                            |
        {1:[No Name] [+]  20,1         3%}|
        ^19                            |
        {2:[No Name] [+]  20,1         3%}|
                                      |
      ]]
      exec_lua [[
        api.nvim_win_call(win, function() api.nvim_win_set_cursor(0, {100, 0}) end)
        vim.cmd "redraw"
      ]]
      screen:expect [[
        99                            |
        {1:[No Name] [+]  100,1       19%}|
        ^19                            |
        {2:[No Name] [+]  20,1         3%}|
                                      |
      ]]
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.iconv', function()
    it('can convert strings', function()
      eq(
        'hello',
        exec_lua [[
        return vim.iconv('hello', 'latin1', 'utf-8')
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('can validate arguments', function()
      eq(
        { false, 'Expected at least 3 arguments' },
        exec_lua [[
        return {pcall(vim.iconv, 'hello')}
      ]]
      )

      eq(
        { false, "bad argument #3 to '?' (expected string)" },
        exec_lua [[
        return {pcall(vim.iconv, 'hello', 'utf-8', true)}
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('can handle bad encodings', function()
      eq(
        NIL,
        exec_lua [[
        return vim.iconv('hello', 'foo', 'bar')
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('can handle strings with NUL bytes', function()
      eq(
        7,
        exec_lua [[
        local a = string.char(97, 98, 99, 0, 100, 101, 102) -- abc\0def
        return string.len(vim.iconv(a, 'latin1', 'utf-8'))
      ]]
      )
    end)
  end)

  describe('vim.defaulttable', function()
    it('creates nested table by default', function()
      eq(
        { b = { c = 1 } },
        exec_lua [[
        local a = vim.defaulttable()
        a.b.c = 1
        return a
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('allows to create default objects', function()
      eq(
        { b = 1 },
        exec_lua [[
        local a = vim.defaulttable(function() return 0 end)
        a.b = a.b + 1
        return a
      ]]
      )
    end)

    it('accepts the key name', function()
      eq(
        { b = 'b', c = 'c' },
        exec_lua [[
        local a = vim.defaulttable(function(k) return k end)
        local _ = a.b
        local _ = a.c
        return a
      ]]
      )
    end)
  end)

  it('vim.lua_omnifunc', function()
    local screen = Screen.new(60, 5)
    screen:set_default_attr_ids {
      [1] = { foreground = Screen.colors.Blue1, bold = true },
      [2] = { background = Screen.colors.WebGray },
      [3] = { background = Screen.colors.LightMagenta },
      [4] = { bold = true },
      [5] = { foreground = Screen.colors.SeaGreen, bold = true },
    }
    screen:attach()
    command [[ set omnifunc=v:lua.vim.lua_omnifunc ]]

    -- Note: the implementation is shared with lua command line completion.
    -- More tests for completion in lua/command_line_completion_spec.lua
    feed [[ivim.insp<c-x><c-o>]]
    screen:expect {
      grid = [[
      vim.inspect^                                                 |
      {1:~  }{2: inspect        }{1:                                         }|
      {1:~  }{3: inspect_pos    }{1:                                         }|
      {1:~                                                           }|
      {4:-- Omni completion (^O^N^P) }{5:match 1 of 2}                    |
    ]],
    }
  end)

  it('vim.print', function()
    -- vim.print() returns its args.
    eq(
      { 42, 'abc', { a = { b = 77 } } },
      exec_lua [[return {vim.print(42, 'abc', { a = { b = 77 }})}]]
    )

    -- vim.print() pretty-prints the args.
    eq(
      dedent [[

      42
      abc
      {
        a = {
          b = 77
        }
      }]],
      eval [[execute('lua vim.print(42, "abc", { a = { b = 77 }})')]]
    )
  end)

  it('vim.F.if_nil', function()
    local function if_nil(...)
      return exec_lua(
        [[
        local args = {...}
        local nargs = select('#', ...)
        for i = 1, nargs do
          if args[i] == vim.NIL then
            args[i] = nil
          end
        end
        return vim.F.if_nil(unpack(args, 1, nargs))
      ]],
        ...
      )
    end

    local a = NIL
    local b = NIL
    local c = 42
    local d = false
    eq(42, if_nil(a, c))
    eq(false, if_nil(d, b))
    eq(42, if_nil(a, b, c, d))
    eq(false, if_nil(d))
    eq(false, if_nil(d, c))
    eq(NIL, if_nil(a))
  end)

  it('lpeg', function()
    eq(
      5,
      exec_lua [[
      local m = vim.lpeg
      return m.match(m.R'09'^1, '4504ab')
    ]]
    )

    eq(4, exec_lua [[ return vim.re.match("abcde", '[a-c]+') ]])
  end)

  it('vim.ringbuf', function()
    local results = exec_lua([[
      local ringbuf = vim.ringbuf(3)
      ringbuf:push("a") -- idx: 0
      local peeka1 = ringbuf:peek()
      local peeka2 = ringbuf:peek()
      local popa = ringbuf:pop()
      local popnil = ringbuf:pop()
      ringbuf:push("a") -- idx: 1
      ringbuf:push("b") -- idx: 2

      -- doesn't read last added item, but uses separate read index
      local pop_after_add_b = ringbuf:pop()

      ringbuf:push("c") -- idx: 3 wraps around, overrides idx: 0 "a"
      ringbuf:push("d") -- idx: 4 wraps around, overrides idx: 1 "a"
      return {
        peeka1 = peeka1,
        peeka2 = peeka2,
        pop1 = popa,
        pop2 = popnil,
        pop3 = ringbuf:pop(),
        pop4 = ringbuf:pop(),
        pop5 = ringbuf:pop(),
        pop_after_add_b = pop_after_add_b,
      }
    ]])
    local expected = {
      peeka1 = 'a',
      peeka2 = 'a',
      pop1 = 'a',
      pop2 = nil,
      pop3 = 'b',
      pop4 = 'c',
      pop5 = 'd',
      pop_after_add_b = 'a',
    }
    eq(expected, results)
  end)
end)

describe('lua: builtin modules', function()
  local function do_tests()
    eq(2, exec_lua [[return vim.tbl_count {x=1,y=2}]])
    eq('{ 10, "spam" }', exec_lua [[return vim.inspect {10, 'spam'}]])
  end

  it('works', function()
    clear()
    do_tests()
  end)

  it('works when disabled', function()
    clear('--luamod-dev')
    do_tests()
  end)

  it('works without runtime', function()
    clear { env = { VIMRUNTIME = 'fixtures/a' } }
    do_tests()
  end)

  it('fails when disabled without runtime', function()
    clear()
    command("let $VIMRUNTIME='fixtures/a'")
    -- Use system([nvim,…]) instead of clear() to avoid stderr noise. #21844
    local out = funcs
      .system({
        nvim_prog,
        '--clean',
        '--luamod-dev',
        [[+call nvim_exec_lua('return vim.tbl_count {x=1,y=2}')]],
        '+qa!',
      })
      :gsub('\r\n', '\n')
    eq(1, eval('v:shell_error'))
    matches("'vim%.shared' not found", out)
  end)
end)

describe('lua: require("mod") from packages', function()
  before_each(function()
    clear('--cmd', 'set rtp+=test/functional/fixtures pp+=test/functional/fixtures')
  end)

  it('propagates syntax error', function()
    local syntax_error_msg = exec_lua [[
      local _, err = pcall(require, "syntax_error")
      return err
    ]]

    matches('unexpected symbol', syntax_error_msg)
  end)

  it('uses the right order of mod.lua vs mod/init.lua', function()
    -- lua/fancy_x.lua takes precedence over lua/fancy_x/init.lua
    eq('I am fancy_x.lua', exec_lua [[ return require'fancy_x' ]])
    -- but lua/fancy_y/init.lua takes precedence over after/lua/fancy_y.lua
    eq('I am init.lua of fancy_y!', exec_lua [[ return require'fancy_y' ]])
    -- safety check: after/lua/fancy_z.lua is still loaded
    eq('I am fancy_z.lua', exec_lua [[ return require'fancy_z' ]])
  end)
end)

describe('vim.keymap', function()
  before_each(clear)

  it('can make a mapping', function()
    eq(
      0,
      exec_lua [[
      GlobalCount = 0
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount + 1 end)
      return GlobalCount
    ]]
    )

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])
  end)

  it('can make an expr mapping', function()
    exec_lua [[
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'aa', function() return '<Insert>π<C-V><M-π>foo<lt><Esc>' end, {expr = true})
    ]]

    feed('aa')

    eq({ 'π<M-π>foo<' }, meths.buf_get_lines(0, 0, -1, false))
  end)

  it('can overwrite a mapping', function()
    eq(
      0,
      exec_lua [[
      GlobalCount = 0
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount + 1 end)
      return GlobalCount
    ]]
    )

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])

    exec_lua [[
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount - 1 end)
    ]]

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(0, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])
  end)

  it('can unmap a mapping', function()
    eq(
      0,
      exec_lua [[
      GlobalCount = 0
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount + 1 end)
      return GlobalCount
    ]]
    )

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])

    exec_lua [[
      vim.keymap.del('n', 'asdf')
    ]]

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])
    eq('\nNo mapping found', helpers.exec_capture('nmap asdf'))
  end)

  it('works with buffer-local mappings', function()
    eq(
      0,
      exec_lua [[
      GlobalCount = 0
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount + 1 end, {buffer=true})
      return GlobalCount
    ]]
    )

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])

    exec_lua [[
      vim.keymap.del('n', 'asdf', {buffer=true})
    ]]

    feed('asdf\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])
    eq('\nNo mapping found', helpers.exec_capture('nmap asdf'))
  end)

  it('does not mutate the opts parameter', function()
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua [[
      opts = {buffer=true}
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'asdf', function() end, opts)
      return opts.buffer
    ]]
    )
    eq(
      true,
      exec_lua [[
      vim.keymap.del('n', 'asdf', opts)
      return opts.buffer
    ]]
    )
  end)

  it('can do <Plug> mappings', function()
    eq(
      0,
      exec_lua [[
      GlobalCount = 0
      vim.keymap.set('n', '<plug>(asdf)', function() GlobalCount = GlobalCount + 1 end)
      vim.keymap.set('n', 'ww', '<plug>(asdf)')
      return GlobalCount
    ]]
    )

    feed('ww\n')

    eq(1, exec_lua [[return GlobalCount]])
  end)
end)

describe('Vimscript function exists()', function()
  it('can check a lua function', function()
    eq(
      1,
      exec_lua [[
      _G.test = function() print("hello") end
      return vim.fn.exists('v:lua.test')
    ]]
    )

    eq(1, funcs.exists('v:lua.require("mpack").decode'))
    eq(1, funcs.exists("v:lua.require('mpack').decode"))
    eq(1, funcs.exists('v:lua.require"mpack".decode'))
    eq(1, funcs.exists("v:lua.require'mpack'.decode"))
    eq(1, funcs.exists("v:lua.require('vim.lsp').start"))
    eq(1, funcs.exists('v:lua.require"vim.lsp".start'))
    eq(1, funcs.exists("v:lua.require'vim.lsp'.start"))
    eq(0, funcs.exists("v:lua.require'vim.lsp'.unknown"))
    eq(0, funcs.exists('v:lua.?'))
  end)
end)