*ui.txt* Nvim NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL Nvim UI protocol *ui* Type |gO| to see the table of contents. ============================================================================== UI Events *ui-events* GUIs can be implemented as external processes communicating with Nvim over the RPC API. The default UI model consists of a terminal-like grid with a single, monospace font size. The UI can opt-in to have windows drawn on separate grids, as well as to have some elements (UI "widgets") be drawn by the UI itself rather than by nvim ("externalized"). *ui-options* The |nvim_ui_attach()| API method is used to tell Nvim that your program wants to draw the Nvim screen grid with a size of width × height cells. This is typically done by an embedder, see |ui-startup| below for details, but an UI can also connect to a running nvim instance and invoke this method. `options` must be a dictionary with these (optional) keys: `rgb` Decides the color format. *ui-rgb* Set true (default) for 24-bit RGB colors. Set false for terminal colors (max of 256). *ui-ext-options* `ext_popupmenu` Externalize the popupmenu. |ui-popupmenu| `ext_tabline` Externalize the tabline. |ui-tabline| `ext_cmdline` Externalize the cmdline. |ui-cmdline| `ext_wildmenu` Externalize the wildmenu. |ui-wildmenu| `ext_messages` Externalize messages. |ui-messages| `ext_linegrid` Use new revision of the grid events. |ui-linegrid| `ext_multigrid` Use per-window grid based events. |ui-multigrid| `ext_hlstate` Use detailed highlight state. |ui-hlstate| `ext_termcolors` Use external default colors. Specifying a non-existent option is an error. UIs can check the |api-metadata| `ui_options` key for supported options. Additionally Nvim (currently) requires that all connected UIs use the same set of widgets. Therefore the active widgets will be the intersection of the requested widget sets of all connected UIs. The "option_set" event announces which widgets actually are active. Nvim sends msgpack-rpc notifications to all attached UIs, with method name "redraw" and a single argument: an array (batch) of screen "update events". Each update event is itself an array whose first element is the event name and remaining elements are event-parameter tuples. This allows multiple events of the same kind to be sent in a row without the event name being repeated. This batching is mostly used for "grid_line", because each "grid_line" event puts contents in one grid line, but clients must be prepared for multiple argument sets being batched for all event kinds. Events must be handled in-order. A "flush" event is sent when nvim is done redrawing the entire screen (so that all windows have a consistent view of buffer state, options etc). Clients should be prepared that several "redraw" batches are sent before the entire screen has been redrawn, and only the last batch will end in "flush". The user should only see the final state when "flush" is sent, and not any intermediate state after processing only part of the batch array, nor after a batch not ending with "flush". By default, Nvim sends |ui-global| and |ui-grid-old| events; these suffice to implement a terminal-like interface. However there are two revisions of the grid part of the protocol. The newer revision |ui-linegrid|, enabled by `ext_linegrid` option, has a more effecient representation of text (especially highlighted text), and allows extensions that use multiple grids. The older revision is available and used by default only for backwards compatibility reasons. New UIs are strongly recommended to use |ui-linegrid|, as further protocol extensions require it. The |ui-multigrid| extension enables |ui-linegrid| implicitly. Nvim optionally sends screen elements "semantically" as structured events instead of raw grid-lines, controlled by |ui-ext-options|. The UI must present those elements itself; Nvim will not draw those elements on the grid. Future versions of Nvim may add new update kinds and may append new parameters to existing update kinds. Clients must be prepared to ignore such extensions, for forward-compatibility. |api-contract| ============================================================================== UI startup *ui-startup* Nvim defines a standard procedure for how an embedding UI should interact with the startup phase of Nvim. When spawning the nvim process, use the |--embed| flag but not the |--headless| flag. The started Nvim process will pause before loading startup files and reading buffers, and give the UI a chance to invoke requests to do early initialization. As soon as the UI invokes |nvim_ui_attach()|, the startup will continue. A simple UI only need to do a single |nvim_ui_attach()| request and then be prepared to handle any UI event. A more featureful UI, which might need additional configuration of the nvim process, should use the following startup procedure: 1. Invoke |nvim_get_api_info()|, if this is needed to setup the client library and/or to get the list of supported UI extensions. 2. At this time, any configuration that should be happen before init.vim loading should be done. Buffers and windows are not available at this point, but this could be used to set |g:| variables visible to init.vim 3. If the UI wants to do additional setup after the init.vim file was loaded register an autocmd for VimEnter at this point: > nvim_command("autocmd VimEnter * call rpcrequest(1, 'vimenter')") <4. Now invoke |nvim_ui_attach()|. The UI will need to handle keyboard input at this point, as sourcing init.vim and loading buffers might lead to blocking prompts. 5. If step 3 was used, nvim will send a blocking "vimenter" request to the UI. Inside this request handler, the UI can safely do any initialization before entering normal mode, for instance reading variables set by init.vim. ============================================================================== Global Events *ui-global* The following events will always be available, and describe global state of the editor. ["set_title", title] ["set_icon", icon] Set the window title, and icon (minimized) window title, respectively. In windowing systems not distinguishing between the two, "set_icon" can be ignored. ["mode_info_set", cursor_style_enabled, mode_info] `cursor_style_enabled` is a boolean indicating if the UI should set the cursor style. `mode_info` is a list of mode property maps. The current mode is given by the `mode_idx` field of the `mode_change` event. Each mode property map may contain these keys: KEY DESCRIPTION ~ `cursor_shape`: "block", "horizontal", "vertical" `cell_percentage`: Cell % occupied by the cursor. `blinkwait`, `blinkon`, `blinkoff`: See |cursor-blinking|. `attr_id`: Cursor attribute id (defined by `hl_attr_define`) `attr_id_lm`: Cursor attribute id for when 'langmap' is active. `short_name`: Mode code name, see 'guicursor'. `name`: Mode descriptive name. `mouse_shape`: (To be implemented.) Some keys are missing in some modes. The following keys are deprecated: `hl_id`: Use `attr_id` instead. `hl_lm`: Use `attr_id_lm` instead. ["option_set", name, value] UI-related option changed, where `name` is one of: 'arabicshape' 'ambiwidth' 'emoji' 'guifont' 'guifontset' 'guifontwide' 'linespace' 'showtabline' 'termguicolors' "ext_*" (all |ui-ext-options|) Triggered when the UI first connects to Nvim, and whenever an option is changed by the user or a plugin. Options are not represented here if their effects are communicated in other UI events. For example, instead of forwarding the 'mouse' option value, the "mouse_on" and "mouse_off" UI events directly indicate if mouse support is active. Some options like 'ambiwidth' have already taken effect on the grid, where appropriate empty cells are added, however a UI might still use such options when rendering raw text sent from Nvim, like for |ui-cmdline|. ["mode_change", mode, mode_idx] The mode changed. The first parameter `mode` is a string representing the current mode. `mode_idx` is an index into the array received in the `mode_info_set` event. UIs should change the cursor style according to the properties specified in the corresponding item. The set of modes reported will change in new versions of Nvim, for instance more submodes and temporary states might be represented as separate modes. ["mouse_on"] ["mouse_off"] Tells the client whether mouse support, as determined by |'mouse'| option, is considered to be active in the current mode. This is mostly useful for a terminal frontend, or other situations where nvim mouse would conflict with other usages of the mouse. It is safe for a client to ignore this and always send mouse events. ["busy_start"] ["busy_stop"] Nvim started or stopped being busy, and possibly not responsive to user input. This could be indicated to the user by hiding the cursor. ["suspend"] |:suspend| command or |CTRL-Z| mapping is used. A terminal client (or another client where it makes sense) could suspend itself. Other clients can safely ignore it. ["update_menu"] The menu mappings changed. ["bell"] ["visual_bell"] Notify the user with an audible or visual bell, respectively. ["flush"] Nvim is done redrawing the screen. For an implementation that renders to an internal buffer, this is the time to display the redrawn parts to the user. ============================================================================== Grid Events (line-based) *ui-linegrid* These events are used if `ext_linegrid` option is set (recommended for all new UIs). The biggest change compared to previous revision is to use a single event `grid_line` to update the contents of a screen line (where the old protocol used a combination of cursor, highlight and text events) Most of these events take a `grid` index as first parameter. Grid 1 is the global grid used by default for the entire editor screen state. Grids other than that will be defined by future extensions. Just activating the `ext_linegrid` option by itself will never cause any additional grids to be created. To enable per-window grids, `ext_multigrid` option should be set (see |ui-multigrid|). Highlight attribute groups are predefined. UIs should maintain a table to map numerical highlight `id`:s to the actual attributes. ["grid_resize", grid, width, height] Resize a `grid`. If `grid` wasn't seen by the client before, a new grid is being created with this size. ["default_colors_set", rgb_fg, rgb_bg, rgb_sp, cterm_fg, cterm_bg] The first three arguments set the default foreground, background and special colors respectively. `cterm_fg` and `cterm_bg` specifies the default color codes to use in a 256-color terminal. The rgb values will always be valid colors, by default. If no colors have been set, they will default to black and white, depending on 'background'. By setting the `ext_termcolors` option, instead -1 will be used for unset colors. This is mostly useful for a TUI implementation, where using the terminal emulators builitn defaults are expected. Note: unlike the corresponding events in the first revision, the screen is not always cleared after sending this event. The GUI has to repaint the screen with changed background color itself. *ui-event-hl_attr_define* ["hl_attr_define", id, rgb_attr, cterm_attr, info] Add a highlight with `id` to the highlight table, with the attributes specified by the `rgb_attr` and `cterm_attr` dicts, with the following (all optional) keys. `foreground`: foreground color. `background`: background color. `special`: color to use for underline and undercurl, when present. `reverse`: reverse video. Foreground and background colors are switched. `italic`: italic text. `bold`: bold text. `underline`: underlined text. The line has `special` color. `undercurl`: undercurled text. The curl has `special` color. For absent color keys the default color should be used. Don't store the default value in the table, rather a sentinel value, so that a changed default color will take effect. All boolean keys default to false, and will only be sent when they are true. Highlights are always transmitted both for both the rgb format and as terminal 256-color codes, as the `rgb_attr` and `cterm_attr` parameters respectively. The |ui-rgb| option has no effect effect anymore. Most external UIs will only need to store and use the `rgb_attr` attributes. `id` 0 will always be used for the default highlight with colors defined by `default_colors_set` and no styles applied. Note: `id`:s can be reused if Nvim's internal highlight table is full. In this case, Nvim will always issue redraws of screen cells that are affected by redefined `id`:s, so UIs do not need to keep track of this themselves. `info` is an empty array per default, and will be used by the |ui-hlstate| extension explaned below. *ui-event-grid_line* ["grid_line", grid, row, col_start, cells] Redraw a continous part of a `row` on a `grid`, starting at the column `col_start`. `cells` is an array of arrays each with 1 to 3 items: `[text(, hl_id, repeat)]` . `text` is the UTF-8 text that should be put in a cell, with the highlight `hl_id` defined by a previous `hl_attr_define` call. If `hl_id` is not present the most recently seen `hl_id` in the same call should be used (it is always sent for the first cell in the event). If `repeat` is present, the cell should be repeated `repeat` times (including the first time), otherwise just once. The right cell of a double-width char will be represented as the empty string. Double-width chars never use `repeat`. If the array of cell changes doesn't reach to the end of the line, the rest should remain unchanged. A whitespace char, repeated enough to cover the remaining line, will be sent when the rest of the line should be cleared. ["grid_clear", grid] Clear a `grid`. ["grid_destroy", grid] `grid` will not be used anymore and the UI can free any data associated with it. ["grid_cursor_goto", grid, row, column] Makes `grid` the current grid and `row, column` the cursor position on this grid. This event will be sent at most once in a `redraw` batch and indicates the visible cursor position. ["grid_scroll", grid, top, bot, left, right, rows, cols] Scroll the text in the a region of `grid`. The diagrams below illustrate what will happen, depending on the scroll direction. "=" is used to represent the SR(scroll region) boundaries and "-" the moved rectangles. Note that dst and src share a common region. If `rows` is bigger than 0, move a rectangle in the SR up, this can happen while scrolling down. > +-------------------------+ | (clipped above SR) | ^ |=========================| dst_top | | dst (still in SR) | | +-------------------------+ src_top | | src (moved up) and dst | | |-------------------------| dst_bot | | src (invalid) | | +=========================+ src_bot < If `rows` is less than zero, move a rectangle in the SR down, this can happen while scrolling up. > +=========================+ src_top | src (invalid) | | |------------------------ | dst_top | | src (moved down) and dst| | +-------------------------+ src_bot | | dst (still in SR) | | |=========================| dst_bot | | (clipped below SR) | v +-------------------------+ < `cols` is always zero in this version of Nvim, and reserved for future use. Note when updating code from |ui-grid-old| events: ranges are end-exclusive, which is consistent with API conventions, but different from `set_scroll_region` which was end-inclusive. The scrolled-in area will be filled using |ui-event-grid_line| directly after the scroll event. The UI thus doesn't need to clear this area as part of handling the scroll event. ============================================================================== Legacy Grid Events (cell based) *ui-grid-old* This is an older representation of the screen grid, used if `ext_linegrid` option is not set. New UIs should use |ui-linegrid|. ["resize", width, height] The grid is resized to `width` and `height` cells. ["clear"] Clear the grid. ["eol_clear"] Clear from the cursor position to the end of the current line. ["cursor_goto", row, col] Move the cursor to position (row, col). Currently, the same cursor is used to define the position for text insertion and the visible cursor. However, only the last cursor position, after processing the entire array in the "redraw" event, is intended to be a visible cursor position. ["update_fg", color] ["update_bg", color] ["update_sp", color] Set the default foreground, background and special colors respectively. *ui-event-highlight_set* ["highlight_set", attrs] Set the attributes that the next text put on the grid will have. `attrs` is a dict with the keys below. Any absent key is reset to its default value. Color defaults are set by the `update_fg` etc updates. All boolean keys default to false. `foreground`: foreground color. `background`: backround color. `special`: color to use for underline and undercurl, when present. `reverse`: reverse video. Foreground and background colors are switched. `italic`: italic text. `bold`: bold text. `underline`: underlined text. The line has `special` color. `undercurl`: undercurled text. The curl has `special` color. ["put", text] The (utf-8 encoded) string `text` is put at the cursor position (and the cursor is advanced), with the highlights as set by the last `highlight_set` update. ["set_scroll_region", top, bot, left, right] Define the scroll region used by `scroll` below. Note: ranges are end-inclusive, which is inconsistent with API conventions. ["scroll", count] Scroll the text in the scroll region. The diagrams below illustrate what will happen, depending on the scroll direction. "=" is used to represent the SR(scroll region) boundaries and "-" the moved rectangles. Note that dst and src share a common region. If count is bigger than 0, move a rectangle in the SR up, this can happen while scrolling down. > +-------------------------+ | (clipped above SR) | ^ |=========================| dst_top | | dst (still in SR) | | +-------------------------+ src_top | | src (moved up) and dst | | |-------------------------| dst_bot | | src (cleared) | | +=========================+ src_bot < If count is less than zero, move a rectangle in the SR down, this can happen while scrolling up. > +=========================+ src_top | src (cleared) | | |------------------------ | dst_top | | src (moved down) and dst| | +-------------------------+ src_bot | | dst (still in SR) | | |=========================| dst_bot | | (clipped below SR) | v +-------------------------+ < ============================================================================== Detailed highlight state Extension *ui-hlstate* Only sent if `ext_hlstate` option is set in |ui-options|. `ext_hlstate` implies `ext_linegrid`. By default, nvim will only describe grid cells using the final calculated higlight attributes, as described by the dict keys in |ui-event-highlight_set|. The `ext_hlstate` extension allows to the UI to also receive a semantic describtion of the higlights active in a cell. In this mode highlights will be predefined in a table, see |ui-event-hl_attr_define| and |ui-event-grid_line|. The `info` parameter in `hl_attr_define` will contain a semantic description of the highlights. As highlight groups can be combined, this will be an array of items, with the item with highest priority last. Each item is a dictionary with the following possible keys: `kind`: always present. One of the following values: "ui": A builtin ui highlight. "syntax": highlight applied to a buffer by a syntax declaration or other runtime/plugin functionallity such as |nvim_buf_add_highlight()| "terminal": highlight from a process running in a |terminal-emulator|. Contains no futher semantic information. `ui_name`: Name of the builtin highlight. See |highlight-groups| for possible values. Only present for "ui". `hi_name`: Name of the final |:highlight| group where the used attributes are defined. `id`: Unique numeric id representing this item. Note: "ui" items will have both `ui_name` and `hi_name` present. These can differ, because the builtin group was linked to another group |:hi-link| , or because 'winhighlight' was used. UI items will be transmitted, even if the highlight group is cleared, so `ui_name` can always be used to reliably identify screen elements, even if no attributes have been applied. ============================================================================== Multigrid Events *ui-multigrid* Only sent if `ext_multigrid` option is set in |ui-options|. Enables the `ext_linegrid` extension implicitly. The multigrid extension gives the UIs more control over how windows are displayed. The UIs receive updates on a separate grid for each window. The UIs can set the grid size independently of how much space the window occupies on the global layout. This enables the UIs to set a different font size for each window if the UI so desires. The UI can also reserve space around the border of the window for its own elements, for instance scrollbars from the UI toolkit. By default, the grid size is handled by nvim and set to the outer grid size (i.e. the size of the window frame in nvim) whenever the split is created. Once a UI sets a grid size, nvim does not handle the size for that grid and the UI must change the grid size whenever the outer size is changed. To delegate the handling of grid size back to nvim, the UIs should request the size (0, 0). A window can be hidden and redisplayed without its grid being deallocated. This can happen multiple times for the same window, for instance when switching tabs. ["win_pos", grid, win, start_row, start_col, width, height] Set the position and size of the grid in nvim (i.e. the outer grid size). If the window was previously hidden, it should now be shown again. ["win_hide", grid] Stop displaying the window. ["win_scroll_over_start"] Hint that following `grid_scroll` on the default grid should scroll over windows. This is a temporary workaround to allow UIs to use the builtin message drawing. Later on, messages will be drawn on a dedicated grid. ["win_scroll_over_reset"] Hint that scrolled over windows should be redrawn again, and not be overdrawn by default grid scrolling anymore. See |ui-linegrid| for grid events. See |nvim_ui_try_resize_grid| in |api-ui| to request changing the grid size. See |nvim_input_mouse| for sending mouse events to Nvim. ============================================================================== Popupmenu Events *ui-popupmenu* Only sent if `ext_popupmenu` option is set in |ui-options| ["popupmenu_show", items, selected, row, col, grid] Show |popupmenu-completion|. `items` is an array of completion items to show; each item is an array of the form [word, kind, menu, info] as defined at |complete-items|, except that `word` is replaced by `abbr` if present. `selected` is the initially-selected item, a zero-based index into the array of items (-1 if no item is selected). `row` and `col` give the anchor position, where the first character of the completed word will be. When |ui-multigrid| is used, `grid` is the grid for the anchor position. ["popupmenu_select", selected] Select an item in the current popupmenu. `selected` is a zero-based index into the array of items from the last popupmenu_show event, or -1 if no item is selected. ["popupmenu_hide"] Hide the popupmenu. ============================================================================== Tabline Events *ui-tabline* Only sent if `ext_tabline` option is set in |ui-options| ["tabline_update", curtab, tabs] Tabline was updated. UIs should present this data in a custom tabline widget. curtab: Current Tabpage tabs: List of Dicts [{ "tab": Tabpage, "name": String }, ...] ============================================================================== Cmdline Events *ui-cmdline* Only sent if `ext_cmdline` option is set in |ui-options|. ["cmdline_show", content, pos, firstc, prompt, indent, level] content: List of [attrs, string] [[{}, "t"], [attrs, "est"], ...] Triggered when the cmdline is displayed or changed. The `content` is the full content that should be displayed in the cmdline, and the `pos` is the position of the cursor that in the cmdline. The content is divided into chunks with different highlight attributes represented as a dict (see |ui-event-highlight_set|). `firstc` and `prompt` are text, that if non-empty should be displayed in front of the command line. `firstc` always indicates built-in command lines such as `:` (ex command) and `/` `?` (search), while `prompt` is an |input()| prompt. `indent` tells how many spaces the content should be indented. The Nvim command line can be invoked recursively, for instance by typing `=` at the command line prompt. The `level` field is used to distinguish different command lines active at the same time. The first invoked command line has level 1, the next recursively-invoked prompt has level 2. A command line invoked from the |cmdline-window| has a higher level than than the edited command line. ["cmdline_pos", pos, level] Change the cursor position in the cmdline. ["cmdline_special_char", c, shift, level] Display a special char in the cmdline at the cursor position. This is typically used to indicate a pending state, e.g. after |c_CTRL-V|. If `shift` is true the text after the cursor should be shifted, otherwise it should overwrite the char at the cursor. Should be hidden at next cmdline_show. ["cmdline_hide"] Hide the cmdline. ["cmdline_block_show", lines] Show a block of context to the current command line. For example if the user defines a |:function| interactively: > :function Foo() : echo "foo" : < `lines` is a list of lines of highlighted chunks, in the same form as the "cmdline_show" `contents` parameter. ["cmdline_block_append", line] Append a line at the end of the currently shown block. ["cmdline_block_hide"] Hide the block. ============================================================================== Wildmenu Events *ui-wildmenu* Only sent if `ext_wildmenu` option is set in |ui-options| ["wildmenu_show", items] Activate the wildmenu (command-line completion). `items` is an array with the completion items. ["wildmenu_select", selected] Select an item in the current wildmenu. `selected` is a zero-based index into the array of items from the last wildmenu_show event, or -1 if no item is selected. ["wildmenu_hide"] Hide the wildmenu. ============================================================================== Message Events *ui-messages* Only sent if `ext_messages` option is set in |ui-options|. This option implies `ext_linegrid` and `ext_cmdline` also being set. |ui-linegrid| and |ui-cmdline| events will thus also be sent. This extension allows the UI to control the display of messages that otherwise would have been displayed in the message/cmdline area in the bottom of the screen. Activating this extension means that Nvim will allocate no screen space for the cmdline or messages, and 'cmdheight' will be set to zero. Attempting to change 'cmdheight' will silently be ignored. |ui-cmdline| events will be used to represent the state of the cmdline. ["msg_show", kind, content, replace_last] Display a message to the user. `kind` will be one of the following `emsg`: Internal error message `echo`: temporary message from plugin (|:echo|) `echomsg`: ordinary message from plugin (|:echomsg|) `echoerr`: error message from plugin (|:echoerr|) `return_prompt`: |press-enter| prompt after a group of messages `quickfix`: Quickfix navigation message `kind` can also be the empty string. The message is then some internal informative or warning message, that hasn't yet been assigned a kind. New message kinds can be added in later versions; clients should handle messages of an unknown kind just like empty kind. `content` will be an array of `[attr_id, text_chunk]` tuples, building up the message text of chunks of different highlights. No extra spacing should be added between chunks, the `text_chunk` by itself should contain any necessary whitespace. Messages can contain line breaks `"\n"`. `replace_last` controls how multiple messages should be displayed. If `replace_last` is false, this message should be displayed together with all previous messages that are still visible. If `replace_last` is true, this message should replace the message in the most recent `msg_show` call, but any other visible message should still remain. ["msg_clear"] Clear all messages currently displayed by "msg_show". (Messages sent by other "msg_" events below will not be affected). ["msg_showmode", content] Shows 'showmode' and |recording| messages. `content` has the same format as in "msg_show". This event is sent with empty `content` to hide the last message. ["msg_showcmd", content] Shows 'showcmd' messages. `content` has the same format as in "msg_show". This event is sent with empty `content` to hide the last message. ["msg_ruler", content] Used to display 'ruler' when there is no space for the ruler in a statusline. `content` has the same format as in "msg_show". This event is sent with empty `content` to hide the last message. ["msg_history_show", entries] Sent when |:messages| command is invoked. History is sent as a list of entries, where each entry is a `[kind, content]` tuple. ============================================================================== vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: