refactor(shada): remove ShaDaReadDef secondary wrapper

`FileDescriptor` is already a wrapper around an fd and a buffer.
By allowing to just use the buffer without an fd, it can
already handle in-memory reads.
This commit is contained in:
bfredl 2024-05-26 11:36:18 +02:00
parent c272f30b1f
commit b386334cdb
5 changed files with 113 additions and 238 deletions

View File

@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ int file_open_fd(FileDescriptor *const ret_fp, const int fd, const int flags)
ret_fp->rv->data = ret_fp;
ret_fp->rv->full_cb = (rbuffer_callback)&file_rb_write_full_cb;
}
ret_fp->bytes_read = 0;
return 0;
}
@ -140,6 +141,18 @@ int file_open_stdin(FileDescriptor *fp)
return error;
}
/// opens buffer for reading
void file_open_buffer(FileDescriptor *ret_fp, char *data, size_t len)
{
ret_fp->wr = false;
ret_fp->non_blocking = false;
ret_fp->fd = -1;
ret_fp->eof = true;
ret_fp->rv = rbuffer_new_wrap_buf(data, len);
ret_fp->_error = 0;
ret_fp->bytes_read = 0;
}
/// Close file and free its buffer
///
/// @param[in,out] fp File to close.
@ -149,6 +162,11 @@ int file_open_stdin(FileDescriptor *fp)
int file_close(FileDescriptor *const fp, const bool do_fsync)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
if (fp->fd < 0) {
rbuffer_free(fp->rv);
return 0;
}
const int flush_error = (do_fsync ? file_fsync(fp) : file_flush(fp));
const int close_error = os_close(fp->fd);
rbuffer_free(fp->rv);
@ -294,6 +312,7 @@ ptrdiff_t file_read(FileDescriptor *const fp, char *const ret_buf, const size_t
fp->non_blocking);
if (r_ret >= 0) {
read_remaining -= (size_t)r_ret;
fp->bytes_read += (size - read_remaining);
return (ptrdiff_t)(size - read_remaining);
} else if (r_ret < 0) {
return r_ret;
@ -314,6 +333,7 @@ ptrdiff_t file_read(FileDescriptor *const fp, char *const ret_buf, const size_t
called_read = true;
}
}
fp->bytes_read += (size - read_remaining);
return (ptrdiff_t)(size - read_remaining);
}

View File

@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
#pragma once
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include "nvim/func_attr.h"
#include "nvim/rbuffer_defs.h"
@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ typedef struct {
bool wr; ///< True if file is in write mode.
bool eof; ///< True if end of file was encountered.
bool non_blocking; ///< True if EAGAIN should not restart syscalls.
uint64_t bytes_read; ///< total bytes read so far
} FileDescriptor;
static inline bool file_eof(const FileDescriptor *fp)

View File

@ -29,6 +29,23 @@ RBuffer *rbuffer_new(size_t capacity)
return rv;
}
/// Creates a new `RBuffer` instance for reading from a buffer.
///
/// Must not be used with any write function like rbuffer_write_ptr or rbuffer_produced!
RBuffer *rbuffer_new_wrap_buf(char *data, size_t len)
FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_RET
{
RBuffer *rv = xcalloc(1, sizeof(RBuffer));
rv->full_cb = rv->nonfull_cb = NULL;
rv->data = NULL;
rv->size = len;
rv->read_ptr = data;
rv->write_ptr = data + len;
rv->end_ptr = NULL;
rv->temp = NULL;
return rv;
}
void rbuffer_free(RBuffer *buf) FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
xfree(buf->temp);
@ -129,7 +146,7 @@ void rbuffer_consumed(RBuffer *buf, size_t count)
assert(count <= buf->size);
buf->read_ptr += count;
if (buf->read_ptr >= buf->end_ptr) {
if (buf->end_ptr && buf->read_ptr >= buf->end_ptr) {
buf->read_ptr -= rbuffer_capacity(buf);
}

View File

@ -356,35 +356,6 @@ typedef struct {
PMap(cstr_t) file_marks; ///< All file marks.
} WriteMergerState;
typedef struct sd_read_def ShaDaReadDef;
/// Function used to close files defined by ShaDaReadDef
typedef void (*ShaDaReadCloser)(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader)
REAL_FATTR_NONNULL_ALL;
/// Function used to read ShaDa files
typedef ptrdiff_t (*ShaDaFileReader)(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader,
void *const dest,
const size_t size)
REAL_FATTR_NONNULL_ALL REAL_FATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
/// Function used to skip in ShaDa files
typedef int (*ShaDaFileSkipper)(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader,
const size_t offset)
REAL_FATTR_NONNULL_ALL REAL_FATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
/// Structure containing necessary pointers for reading ShaDa files
struct sd_read_def {
ShaDaFileReader read; ///< Reader function.
ShaDaReadCloser close; ///< Close function.
ShaDaFileSkipper skip; ///< Function used to skip some bytes.
void *cookie; ///< Data describing object read from.
bool eof; ///< True if reader reached end of file.
const char *error; ///< Error message in case of error.
uintmax_t fpos; ///< Current position (amount of bytes read since
///< reader structure initialization). May overflow.
};
#ifdef INCLUDE_GENERATED_DECLARATIONS
# include "shada.c.generated.h"
#endif
@ -587,70 +558,6 @@ static inline void hmll_dealloc(HMLList *const hmll)
xfree(hmll->entries);
}
/// Wrapper for reading from file descriptors
///
/// @return -1 or number of bytes read.
static ptrdiff_t read_file(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, void *const dest, const size_t size)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
const ptrdiff_t ret = file_read(sd_reader->cookie, dest, size);
sd_reader->eof = file_eof(sd_reader->cookie);
if (ret < 0) {
sd_reader->error = os_strerror((int)ret);
return -1;
}
sd_reader->fpos += (size_t)ret;
return ret;
}
/// Read one character
static int read_char(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
uint8_t ret;
ptrdiff_t read_bytes = sd_reader->read(sd_reader, &ret, 1);
if (read_bytes != 1) {
return EOF;
}
return (int)ret;
}
/// Wrapper for closing file descriptors opened for reading
static void close_sd_reader(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
close_file(sd_reader->cookie);
xfree(sd_reader->cookie);
}
/// Wrapper for read that reads to IObuff and ignores bytes read
///
/// Used for skipping.
///
/// @param[in,out] sd_reader File read.
/// @param[in] offset Amount of bytes to skip.
///
/// @return FAIL in case of failure, OK in case of success. May set
/// sd_reader->eof or sd_reader->error.
static int sd_reader_skip_read(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const size_t offset)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
const ptrdiff_t skip_bytes = file_skip(sd_reader->cookie, offset);
if (skip_bytes < 0) {
sd_reader->error = os_strerror((int)skip_bytes);
return FAIL;
} else if (skip_bytes != (ptrdiff_t)offset) {
assert(skip_bytes < (ptrdiff_t)offset);
sd_reader->eof = file_eof(sd_reader->cookie);
if (!sd_reader->eof) {
sd_reader->error = _("too few bytes read");
}
return FAIL;
}
sd_reader->fpos += (size_t)skip_bytes;
return OK;
}
/// Wrapper for read that can be used when lseek cannot be used
///
/// E.g. when trying to read from a pipe.
@ -660,55 +567,30 @@ static int sd_reader_skip_read(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const size_t offse
///
/// @return kSDReadStatusReadError, kSDReadStatusNotShaDa or
/// kSDReadStatusSuccess.
static ShaDaReadResult sd_reader_skip(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const size_t offset)
static ShaDaReadResult sd_reader_skip(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader, const size_t offset)
FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
if (sd_reader->skip(sd_reader, offset) != OK) {
if (sd_reader->error != NULL) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while skipping in ShaDa file: %s"),
sd_reader->error);
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
} else if (sd_reader->eof) {
const ptrdiff_t skip_bytes = file_skip(sd_reader, offset);
if (skip_bytes < 0) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while skipping in ShaDa file: %s"),
os_strerror((int)skip_bytes));
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
} else if (skip_bytes != (ptrdiff_t)offset) {
assert(skip_bytes < (ptrdiff_t)offset);
if (file_eof(sd_reader)) {
semsg(_(RCERR "Error while reading ShaDa file: "
"last entry specified that it occupies %" PRIu64 " bytes, "
"but file ended earlier"),
(uint64_t)offset);
return kSDReadStatusNotShaDa;
} else {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while skipping in ShaDa file: %s"),
_("too few bytes read"));
}
abort();
return kSDReadStatusNotShaDa;
}
return kSDReadStatusSuccess;
}
/// Open ShaDa file for reading
///
/// @param[in] fname File name to open.
/// @param[out] sd_reader Location where reader structure will be saved.
///
/// @return libuv error in case of error, 0 otherwise.
static int open_shada_file_for_reading(const char *const fname, ShaDaReadDef *sd_reader)
FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
*sd_reader = (ShaDaReadDef) {
.read = &read_file,
.close = &close_sd_reader,
.skip = &sd_reader_skip_read,
.error = NULL,
.eof = false,
.fpos = 0,
.cookie = xmalloc(sizeof(FileDescriptor)),
};
int error = file_open(sd_reader->cookie, fname, kFileReadOnly, 0);
if (error) {
XFREE_CLEAR(sd_reader->cookie);
return error;
}
assert(strcmp(p_enc, "utf-8") == 0);
return 0;
}
/// Wrapper for closing file descriptors
static void close_file(FileDescriptor *cookie)
{
@ -757,8 +639,8 @@ static int shada_read_file(const char *const file, const int flags)
char *const fname = shada_filename(file);
ShaDaReadDef sd_reader;
const int of_ret = open_shada_file_for_reading(fname, &sd_reader);
FileDescriptor sd_reader;
int of_ret = file_open(&sd_reader, fname, kFileReadOnly, 0);
if (p_verbose > 1) {
verbose_enter();
@ -782,7 +664,7 @@ static int shada_read_file(const char *const file, const int flags)
xfree(fname);
shada_read(&sd_reader, flags);
sd_reader.close(&sd_reader);
close_file(&sd_reader);
return OK;
}
@ -1094,7 +976,7 @@ static inline bool marks_equal(const pos_T a, const pos_T b)
///
/// @param[in] sd_reader Structure containing file reader definition.
/// @param[in] flags What to read, see ShaDaReadFileFlags enum.
static void shada_read(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const int flags)
static void shada_read(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader, const int flags)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
list_T *oldfiles_list = get_vim_var_list(VV_OLDFILES);
@ -1849,13 +1731,13 @@ static int compare_file_marks(const void *a, const void *b)
///
/// @return kSDReadStatusNotShaDa, kSDReadStatusReadError or
/// kSDReadStatusSuccess.
static inline ShaDaReadResult shada_parse_msgpack(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader,
static inline ShaDaReadResult shada_parse_msgpack(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader,
const size_t length,
msgpack_unpacked *ret_unpacked,
char **const ret_buf)
FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ARG(1)
{
const uintmax_t initial_fpos = sd_reader->fpos;
const uintmax_t initial_fpos = sd_reader->bytes_read;
char *const buf = xmalloc(length);
const ShaDaReadResult fl_ret = fread_len(sd_reader, buf, length);
@ -2021,7 +1903,7 @@ static const char *shada_format_pfreed_entry(const PossiblyFreedShadaEntry pfs_e
/// @param[in,out] ret_wms Location where results are saved.
/// @param[out] packer MessagePack packer for entries which are not
/// merged.
static inline ShaDaWriteResult shada_read_when_writing(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader,
static inline ShaDaWriteResult shada_read_when_writing(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader,
const unsigned srni_flags,
const size_t max_kbyte,
WriteMergerState *const wms,
@ -2483,7 +2365,8 @@ static int hist_type2char(const int type)
/// @param[in] sd_reader Structure containing file reader definition. If it is
/// not NULL then contents of this file will be merged
/// with current Neovim runtime.
static ShaDaWriteResult shada_write(FileDescriptor *const sd_writer, ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader)
static ShaDaWriteResult shada_write(FileDescriptor *const sd_writer,
FileDescriptor *const sd_reader)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ARG(1)
{
ShaDaWriteResult ret = kSDWriteSuccessful;
@ -2958,12 +2841,13 @@ int shada_write_file(const char *const file, bool nomerge)
char *const fname = shada_filename(file);
char *tempname = NULL;
FileDescriptor sd_writer;
ShaDaReadDef sd_reader = { .close = NULL };
FileDescriptor sd_reader;
bool did_open_writer = false;
bool did_open_reader = false;
if (!nomerge) {
int error;
if ((error = open_shada_file_for_reading(fname, &sd_reader)) != 0) {
if ((error = file_open(&sd_reader, fname, kFileReadOnly, 0)) != 0) {
if (error != UV_ENOENT) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while opening ShaDa file %s for reading "
"to merge before writing it: %s"),
@ -2973,6 +2857,8 @@ int shada_write_file(const char *const file, bool nomerge)
}
nomerge = true;
goto shada_write_file_nomerge;
} else {
did_open_reader = true;
}
tempname = modname(fname, ".tmp.a", false);
if (tempname == NULL) {
@ -3001,8 +2887,9 @@ shada_write_file_open: {}
fname);
xfree(fname);
xfree(tempname);
assert(sd_reader.close != NULL);
sd_reader.close(&sd_reader);
if (did_open_reader) {
close_file(&sd_reader);
}
return FAIL;
}
(*wp)++;
@ -3047,8 +2934,8 @@ shada_write_file_nomerge: {}
if (!did_open_writer) {
xfree(fname);
xfree(tempname);
if (sd_reader.cookie != NULL) {
sd_reader.close(&sd_reader);
if (did_open_reader) {
close_file(&sd_reader);
}
return FAIL;
}
@ -3062,7 +2949,9 @@ shada_write_file_nomerge: {}
const ShaDaWriteResult sw_ret = shada_write(&sd_writer, (nomerge ? NULL : &sd_reader));
assert(sw_ret != kSDWriteIgnError);
if (!nomerge) {
sd_reader.close(&sd_reader);
if (did_open_reader) {
close_file(&sd_reader);
}
bool did_remove = false;
if (sw_ret == kSDWriteSuccessful) {
FileInfo old_info;
@ -3235,18 +3124,18 @@ static inline uint64_t be64toh(uint64_t big_endian_64_bits)
/// @return kSDReadStatusSuccess if everything was OK, kSDReadStatusNotShaDa if
/// there were not enough bytes to read or kSDReadStatusReadError if
/// there was some error while reading.
static ShaDaReadResult fread_len(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, char *const buffer,
static ShaDaReadResult fread_len(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader, char *const buffer,
const size_t length)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
const ptrdiff_t read_bytes = sd_reader->read(sd_reader, buffer, length);
const ptrdiff_t read_bytes = file_read(sd_reader, buffer, length);
if (read_bytes < 0) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while reading ShaDa file: %s"),
os_strerror((int)read_bytes));
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
}
if (read_bytes != (ptrdiff_t)length) {
if (sd_reader->error != NULL) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while reading ShaDa file: %s"),
sd_reader->error);
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
}
semsg(_(RCERR "Error while reading ShaDa file: "
"last entry specified that it occupies %" PRIu64 " bytes, "
"but file ended earlier"),
@ -3272,26 +3161,32 @@ static ShaDaReadResult fread_len(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, char *const buff
/// @return kSDReadStatusSuccess if reading was successful,
/// kSDReadStatusNotShaDa if there were not enough bytes to read or
/// kSDReadStatusReadError if reading failed for whatever reason.
static ShaDaReadResult msgpack_read_uint64(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const int first_char,
/// kSDReadStatusFinished if eof and that was allowed
static ShaDaReadResult msgpack_read_uint64(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader, bool allow_eof,
uint64_t *const result)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
const uintmax_t fpos = sd_reader->fpos - 1;
const uintmax_t fpos = sd_reader->bytes_read;
if (first_char == EOF) {
if (sd_reader->error) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while reading integer from ShaDa file: %s"),
sd_reader->error);
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
} else if (sd_reader->eof) {
semsg(_(RCERR "Error while reading ShaDa file: "
"expected positive integer at position %" PRIu64
", but got nothing"),
(uint64_t)fpos);
return kSDReadStatusNotShaDa;
uint8_t ret;
ptrdiff_t read_bytes = file_read(sd_reader, (char *)&ret, 1);
if (read_bytes < 0) {
semsg(_(SERR "System error while reading integer from ShaDa file: %s"),
os_strerror((int)read_bytes));
return kSDReadStatusReadError;
} else if (read_bytes == 0) {
if (allow_eof && file_eof(sd_reader)) {
return kSDReadStatusFinished;
}
semsg(_(RCERR "Error while reading ShaDa file: "
"expected positive integer at position %" PRIu64
", but got nothing"),
(uint64_t)fpos);
return kSDReadStatusNotShaDa;
}
int first_char = (int)ret;
if (~first_char & 0x80) {
// Positive fixnum
*result = (uint64_t)((uint8_t)first_char);
@ -3465,8 +3360,9 @@ static ShaDaReadResult msgpack_read_uint64(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const
/// greater then given.
///
/// @return Any value from ShaDaReadResult enum.
static ShaDaReadResult shada_read_next_item(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, ShadaEntry *const entry,
const unsigned flags, const size_t max_kbyte)
static ShaDaReadResult shada_read_next_item(FileDescriptor *const sd_reader,
ShadaEntry *const entry, const unsigned flags,
const size_t max_kbyte)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
ShaDaReadResult ret = kSDReadStatusMalformed;
@ -3476,7 +3372,7 @@ shada_read_next_item_start:
// somebody calls goto shada_read_next_item_error before anything is set in
// the switch.
CLEAR_POINTER(entry);
if (sd_reader->eof) {
if (file_eof(sd_reader)) {
return kSDReadStatusFinished;
}
@ -3486,19 +3382,15 @@ shada_read_next_item_start:
uint64_t timestamp_u64;
uint64_t length_u64;
const uint64_t initial_fpos = (uint64_t)sd_reader->fpos;
const int first_char = read_char(sd_reader);
if (first_char == EOF && sd_reader->eof) {
return kSDReadStatusFinished;
}
const uint64_t initial_fpos = sd_reader->bytes_read;
ShaDaReadResult mru_ret;
if (((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, first_char, &type_u64))
if (((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, true, &type_u64))
!= kSDReadStatusSuccess)
|| ((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, read_char(sd_reader),
|| ((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, false,
&timestamp_u64))
!= kSDReadStatusSuccess)
|| ((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, read_char(sd_reader),
|| ((mru_ret = msgpack_read_uint64(sd_reader, false,
&length_u64))
!= kSDReadStatusSuccess)) {
return mru_ret;
@ -4158,63 +4050,6 @@ void shada_encode_gvars(msgpack_sbuffer *const sbuf)
} while (var_iter != NULL);
}
/// Wrapper for reading from msgpack_sbuffer.
///
/// @return number of bytes read.
static ptrdiff_t read_sbuf(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, void *const dest, const size_t size)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
msgpack_sbuffer *sbuf = (msgpack_sbuffer *)sd_reader->cookie;
const uintmax_t bytes_read = MIN(size, sbuf->size - sd_reader->fpos);
if (bytes_read < size) {
sd_reader->eof = true;
}
memcpy(dest, sbuf->data + sd_reader->fpos, (size_t)bytes_read);
sd_reader->fpos += bytes_read;
return (ptrdiff_t)bytes_read;
}
/// Wrapper for read that ignores bytes read from msgpack_sbuffer.
///
/// Used for skipping.
///
/// @param[in,out] sd_reader ShaDaReadDef with msgpack_sbuffer.
/// @param[in] offset Amount of bytes to skip.
///
/// @return FAIL in case of failure, OK in case of success. May set
/// sd_reader->eof.
static int sd_sbuf_reader_skip_read(ShaDaReadDef *const sd_reader, const size_t offset)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL FUNC_ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT
{
msgpack_sbuffer *sbuf = (msgpack_sbuffer *)sd_reader->cookie;
assert(sbuf->size >= sd_reader->fpos);
const uintmax_t skip_bytes = MIN(offset, sbuf->size - sd_reader->fpos);
if (skip_bytes < offset) {
sd_reader->eof = true;
return FAIL;
}
sd_reader->fpos += offset;
return OK;
}
/// Prepare ShaDaReadDef with msgpack_sbuffer for reading.
///
/// @param[in] sbuf msgpack_sbuffer to read from.
/// @param[out] sd_reader Location where reader structure will be saved.
static void open_shada_sbuf_for_reading(const msgpack_sbuffer *const sbuf, ShaDaReadDef *sd_reader)
FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
{
*sd_reader = (ShaDaReadDef) {
.read = &read_sbuf,
.close = NULL,
.skip = &sd_sbuf_reader_skip_read,
.error = NULL,
.eof = false,
.fpos = 0,
.cookie = (void *)sbuf,
};
}
/// Read ShaDa from msgpack_sbuffer.
///
/// @param[in] file msgpack_sbuffer to read from.
@ -4226,7 +4061,8 @@ void shada_read_sbuf(msgpack_sbuffer *const sbuf, const int flags)
if (sbuf->data == NULL) {
return;
}
ShaDaReadDef sd_reader;
open_shada_sbuf_for_reading(sbuf, &sd_reader);
FileDescriptor sd_reader;
file_open_buffer(&sd_reader, sbuf->data, sbuf->size);
shada_read(&sd_reader, flags);
close_file(&sd_reader);
}

View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ describe('ShaDa error handling', function()
it('fails on zero', function()
wshada('\000')
eq(
'Vim(rshada):E576: Error while reading ShaDa file: expected positive integer at position 0, but got nothing',
'Vim(rshada):E576: Error while reading ShaDa file: expected positive integer at position 1, but got nothing',
exc_exec(sdrcmd())
)
end)