diff --git a/runtime/doc/diagnostic.txt b/runtime/doc/diagnostic.txt
index eaa3681caa..3437717467 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/diagnostic.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/diagnostic.txt
@@ -874,7 +874,8 @@ setqflist({opts})                                 *vim.diagnostic.setqflist()*
                 • {open}? (`boolean`, default: `true`) Open quickfix list
                   after setting.
                 • {title}? (`string`) Title of quickfix list. Defaults to
-                  "Diagnostics".
+                  "Diagnostics". If there's already a quickfix list with this
+                  title, it's updated. If not, a new quickfix list is created.
                 • {severity}? (`vim.diagnostic.SeverityFilter`) See
                   |diagnostic-severity|.
 
diff --git a/runtime/doc/news.txt b/runtime/doc/news.txt
index 07b1b8646a..e7d4b92f7e 100644
--- a/runtime/doc/news.txt
+++ b/runtime/doc/news.txt
@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ UI
   |hl-PmenuSel| and |hl-PmenuMatch| both inherit from |hl-Pmenu|, and
   |hl-PmenuMatchSel| inherits highlights from both |hl-PmenuSel| and
   |hl-PmenuMatch|.
-• |vim.diagnostic.setqflist()| updates existing diagnostics quickfix list if one
-  exists.
+• |vim.diagnostic.setqflist()| updates an existing quickfix list with the
+  given title if found
 
 • |ui-messages| content chunks now also contain the highlight group ID.
 
diff --git a/runtime/lua/vim/diagnostic.lua b/runtime/lua/vim/diagnostic.lua
index 340bca4f6b..1b61cf8f71 100644
--- a/runtime/lua/vim/diagnostic.lua
+++ b/runtime/lua/vim/diagnostic.lua
@@ -2,7 +2,19 @@ local api, if_nil = vim.api, vim.F.if_nil
 
 local M = {}
 
-local _qf_id = nil
+--- @param title string
+--- @return integer?
+local function get_qf_id_for_title(title)
+  local lastqflist = vim.fn.getqflist({ nr = '$' })
+  for i = 1, lastqflist.nr do
+    local qflist = vim.fn.getqflist({ nr = i, id = 0, title = 0 })
+    if qflist.title == title then
+      return qflist.id
+    end
+  end
+
+  return nil
+end
 
 --- [diagnostic-structure]()
 ---
@@ -845,24 +857,16 @@ local function set_list(loclist, opts)
   if loclist then
     vim.fn.setloclist(winnr, {}, 'u', { title = title, items = items })
   else
-    -- Check if the diagnostics quickfix list no longer exists.
-    if _qf_id and vim.fn.getqflist({ id = _qf_id }).id == 0 then
-      _qf_id = nil
-    end
+    local qf_id = get_qf_id_for_title(title)
 
     -- If we already have a diagnostics quickfix, update it rather than creating a new one.
     -- This avoids polluting the finite set of quickfix lists, and preserves the currently selected
     -- entry.
-    vim.fn.setqflist({}, _qf_id and 'u' or ' ', {
+    vim.fn.setqflist({}, qf_id and 'u' or ' ', {
       title = title,
       items = items,
-      id = _qf_id,
+      id = qf_id,
     })
-
-    -- Get the id of the newly created quickfix list.
-    if _qf_id == nil then
-      _qf_id = vim.fn.getqflist({ id = 0 }).id
-    end
   end
   if open then
     api.nvim_command(loclist and 'lwindow' or 'botright cwindow')
@@ -2037,7 +2041,8 @@ end
 --- (default: `true`)
 --- @field open? boolean
 ---
---- Title of quickfix list. Defaults to "Diagnostics".
+--- Title of quickfix list. Defaults to "Diagnostics". If there's already a quickfix list with this
+--- title, it's updated. If not, a new quickfix list is created.
 --- @field title? string
 ---
 --- See |diagnostic-severity|.