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Barry Song e7ac4daeed mm: count zeromap read and set for swapout and swapin
When the proportion of folios from the zeromap is small, missing their
accounting may not significantly impact profiling.  However, it's easy to
construct a scenario where this becomes an issue—for example, allocating
1 GB of memory, writing zeros from userspace, followed by MADV_PAGEOUT,
and then swapping it back in.  In this case, the swap-out and swap-in
counts seem to vanish into a black hole, potentially causing semantic
ambiguity.

On the other hand, Usama reported that zero-filled pages can exceed 10% in
workloads utilizing zswap, while Hailong noted that some app in Android
have more than 6% zero-filled pages.  Before commit 0ca0c24e32 ("mm:
store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap"), both zswap and zRAM
implemented similar optimizations, leading to these optimized-out pages
being counted in either zswap or zRAM counters (with pswpin/pswpout also
increasing for zRAM).  With zeromap functioning prior to both zswap and
zRAM, userspace will no longer detect these swap-out and swap-in actions.

We have three ways to address this:

1. Introduce a dedicated counter specifically for the zeromap.

2. Use pswpin/pswpout accounting, treating the zero map as a standard
   backend.  This approach aligns with zRAM's current handling of
   same-page fills at the device level.  However, it would mean losing the
   optimized-out page counters previously available in zRAM and would not
   align with systems using zswap.  Additionally, as noted by Nhat Pham,
   pswpin/pswpout counters apply only to I/O done directly to the backend
   device.

3. Count zeromap pages under zswap, aligning with system behavior when
   zswap is enabled.  However, this would not be consistent with zRAM, nor
   would it align with systems lacking both zswap and zRAM.

Given the complications with options 2 and 3, this patch selects
option 1.

We can find these counters from /proc/vmstat (counters for the whole
system) and memcg's memory.stat (counters for the interested memcg).

For example:

$ grep -E 'swpin_zero|swpout_zero' /proc/vmstat
swpin_zero 1648
swpout_zero 33536

$ grep -E 'swpin_zero|swpout_zero' /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/memory.stat
swpin_zero 3905
swpout_zero 3985

This patch does not address any specific zeromap bug, but the missing
swpout and swpin counts for zero-filled pages can be highly confusing and
may mislead user-space agents that rely on changes in these counters as
indicators.  Therefore, we add a Fixes tag to encourage the inclusion of
this counter in any kernel versions with zeromap.

Many thanks to Kanchana for the contribution of changing
count_objcg_event() to count_objcg_events() to support large folios[1],
which has now been incorporated into this patch.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241001053222.6944-5-kanchana.p.sridhar@intel.com

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20241107011246.59137-1-21cnbao@gmail.com
Fixes: 0ca0c24e32 ("mm: store zero pages to be swapped out in a bitmap")
Co-developed-by: Kanchana P Sridhar <kanchana.p.sridhar@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com>
Reviewed-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Hailong Liu <hailong.liu@oppo.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2024-11-11 00:00:37 -08:00
arch mm: refactor arch_calc_vm_flag_bits() and arm64 MTE handling 2024-11-05 16:49:55 -08:00
block block-6.12-20241101 2024-11-01 13:41:55 -10:00
certs sign-file,extract-cert: use pkcs11 provider for OPENSSL MAJOR >= 3 2024-09-20 19:52:48 +03:00
crypto This push fixes the following issues: 2024-10-16 08:42:54 -07:00
Documentation mm: count zeromap read and set for swapout and swapin 2024-11-11 00:00:37 -08:00
drivers phy fixes for 6.12 2024-11-03 10:19:34 -10:00
fs ocfs2: remove entry once instead of null-ptr-dereference in ocfs2_xa_remove() 2024-11-07 14:14:59 -08:00
include mm: count zeromap read and set for swapout and swapin 2024-11-11 00:00:37 -08:00
init cfi: fix conditions for HAVE_CFI_ICALL_NORMALIZE_INTEGERS 2024-10-13 22:23:13 +02:00
io_uring io_uring/rw: fix missing NOWAIT check for O_DIRECT start write 2024-10-31 08:21:02 -06:00
ipc struct fd layout change (and conversion to accessor helpers) 2024-09-23 09:35:36 -07:00
kernel signal: restore the override_rlimit logic 2024-11-07 14:14:59 -08:00
lib objpool: fix to make percpu slot allocation more robust 2024-11-07 14:14:58 -08:00
LICENSES LICENSES: add 0BSD license text 2024-09-01 20:43:24 -07:00
mm mm: count zeromap read and set for swapout and swapin 2024-11-11 00:00:37 -08:00
net nfsd-6.12 fixes: 2024-11-02 09:27:11 -10:00
rust Driver core fix for 6.12-rc3 2024-10-13 09:10:52 -07:00
samples [tree-wide] finally take no_llseek out 2024-09-27 08:18:43 -07:00
scripts Kbuild fixes for v6.12 (2nd) 2024-11-03 08:29:02 -10:00
security ipe: fallback to platform keyring also if key in trusted keyring is rejected 2024-10-18 12:14:53 -07:00
sound ALSA: hda/realtek: Fix headset mic on TUXEDO Stellaris 16 Gen6 mb1 2024-10-30 14:46:59 +01:00
tools selftests: hugetlb_dio: check for initial conditions to skip in the start 2024-11-07 14:14:59 -08:00
usr initramfs: shorten cmd_initfs in usr/Makefile 2024-07-16 01:07:52 +09:00
virt ARM64: 2024-10-21 11:22:04 -07:00
.clang-format clang-format: Update with v6.11-rc1's for_each macro list 2024-08-02 13:20:31 +02:00
.cocciconfig
.editorconfig .editorconfig: remove trim_trailing_whitespace option 2024-06-13 16:47:52 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore Add Jeff Kirsher to .get_maintainer.ignore 2024-03-08 11:36:54 +00:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set diff driver for Rust source code files 2023-05-31 17:48:25 +02:00
.gitignore Kbuild updates for v6.12 2024-09-24 13:02:06 -07:00
.mailmap mailmap: add entry for Thorsten Blum 2024-11-07 14:14:59 -08:00
.rustfmt.toml rust: add .rustfmt.toml 2022-09-28 09:02:20 +02:00
COPYING COPYING: state that all contributions really are covered by this file 2020-02-10 13:32:20 -08:00
CREDITS CREDITS: sort alphabetically by name 2024-10-09 12:47:19 -07:00
Kbuild Kbuild updates for v6.1 2022-10-10 12:00:45 -07:00
Kconfig kbuild: ensure full rebuild when the compiler is updated 2020-05-12 13:28:33 +09:00
MAINTAINERS Char/Misc/IIO driver fixes for 6.12-rc6 2024-11-03 08:45:03 -10:00
Makefile Linux 6.12-rc6 2024-11-03 14:05:52 -10:00
README README: Fix spelling 2024-03-18 03:36:32 -06:00

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the reStructuredText markup notation.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.