8b0c2d989c
xmlto uses standared XSLT templates to generate manpages, (x)html pages, and XML FO files which can be processed with passivetex. This is much faster than using jadetex for everything. This patch also reduces the number of kernel-specific scripts that are needed to generate documentation. Signed-off-by: Martin Waitz <tali@admingilde.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
411 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
411 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
Intro
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=====
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This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
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software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
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instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
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trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
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kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
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additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
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here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
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functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
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This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
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and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
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Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
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'net).
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The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always
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be found at <http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/>.
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Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a
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URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this
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document.
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Smotrite file <http://oblom.rnc.ru/linux/kernel/Changes.ru>, yavlyaushisya
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russkim perevodom dannogo documenta.
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Visite <http://www2.adi.uam.es/~ender/tecnico/> para obtener la traducción
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al español de este documento en varios formatos.
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Eine deutsche Version dieser Datei finden Sie unter
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<http://www.stefan-winter.de/Changes-2.4.0.txt>.
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Last updated: October 29th, 2002
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Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu).
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Current Minimal Requirements
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============================
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Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
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encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
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running, the suggested command should tell you.
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Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
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functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
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necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC
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Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself
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with pcmcia-cs.
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o Gnu C 2.95.3 # gcc --version
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o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
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o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
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o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
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o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
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o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs
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o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
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o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
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o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
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o pcmcia-cs 3.1.21 # cardmgr -V
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o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
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o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
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o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
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o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
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o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
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o oprofile 0.5.3 # oprofiled --version
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Kernel compilation
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==================
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GCC
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---
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The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
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computer. The next paragraph applies to users of x86 CPUs, but not
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necessarily to users of other CPUs. Users of other CPUs should obtain
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information about their gcc version requirements from another source.
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The recommended compiler for the kernel is gcc 2.95.x (x >= 3), and it
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should be used when you need absolute stability. You may use gcc 3.0.x
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instead if you wish, although it may cause problems. Later versions of gcc
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have not received much testing for Linux kernel compilation, and there are
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almost certainly bugs (mainly, but not exclusively, in the kernel) that
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will need to be fixed in order to use these compilers. In any case, using
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pgcc instead of plain gcc is just asking for trouble.
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The Red Hat gcc 2.96 compiler subtree can also be used to build this tree.
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You should ensure you use gcc-2.96-74 or later. gcc-2.96-54 will not build
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the kernel correctly.
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In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything
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greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95.x
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or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on
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your version of gcc 2.95.x, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing).
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Make
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----
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You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
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Binutils
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--------
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Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
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assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
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your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
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release of binutils.
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System utilities
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================
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Architectural changes
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---------------------
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DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
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(http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
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32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
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Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
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documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
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definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
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SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
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files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
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HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
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DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
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well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
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Util-linux
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----------
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New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
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support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
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types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
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You'll probably want to upgrade.
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Ksymoops
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--------
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If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.4
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version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the
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root of the Linux source for more information.
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Module-Init-Tools
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-----------------
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A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
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to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
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Mkinitrd
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--------
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These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
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mkinitrd be upgraded.
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E2fsprogs
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---------
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The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
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debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
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JFSutils
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--------
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The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
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The following utilities are available:
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o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
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and repair a JFS formatted partition.
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o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
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o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
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Reiserfsprogs
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-------------
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The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
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(Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
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versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
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reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
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Xfsprogs
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--------
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The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
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xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
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architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
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work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
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later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
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Pcmcia-cs
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---------
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PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
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kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-).
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Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release.
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Quota-tools
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-----------
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Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
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the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
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newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
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from the table above.
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Intel IA32 microcode
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--------------------
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A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
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accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc)
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character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to:
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mkdir /dev/cpu
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mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
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chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
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as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
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get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
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Powertweak
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----------
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If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
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version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
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with programs using shared memory.
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udev
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----
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udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
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only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces devfs.
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Networking
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==========
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General changes
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---------------
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If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
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consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
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Packet Filter / NAT
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-------------------
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The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
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kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
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for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
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PPP
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---
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The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
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enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
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upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
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If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
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which can be made by:
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mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
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as root.
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If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need
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the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file:
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LOOKUP PPP MODLOAD
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Isdn4k-utils
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------------
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Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
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needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
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NFS-utils
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---------
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In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
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client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
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information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
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mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
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would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
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This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
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which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
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fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
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getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
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With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
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gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
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export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
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rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
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active clients.
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To enable this new functionality, you need to:
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mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfs
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before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
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services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
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that is possible.
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Getting updated software
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========================
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Kernel compilation
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******************
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gcc 2.95.3
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----------
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o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.95.3.tar.gz>
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Make
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----
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o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
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Binutils
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--------
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
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System utilities
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****************
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Util-linux
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----------
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
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Ksymoops
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--------
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
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Module-Init-Tools
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-----------------
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o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
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Mkinitrd
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--------
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o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
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E2fsprogs
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---------
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o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
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JFSutils
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--------
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o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
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Reiserfsprogs
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-------------
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o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
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Xfsprogs
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--------
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o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
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Pcmcia-cs
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---------
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o <ftp://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/pub/pcmcia-cs/pcmcia-cs-3.1.21.tar.gz>
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Quota-tools
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----------
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o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
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DocBook Stylesheets
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-------------------
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o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
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XMLTO XSLT Frontend
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-------------------
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o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
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Intel P6 microcode
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------------------
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o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
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Powertweak
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----------
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o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
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udev
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----
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o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
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Networking
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**********
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PPP
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---
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o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
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Isdn4k-utils
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------------
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o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
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NFS-utils
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---------
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o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
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Iptables
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--------
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o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
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Ip-route2
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---------
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o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
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OProfile
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--------
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o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
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NFS-Utils
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---------
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o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
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