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linux/include/net/inet_hashtables.h
Evgeniy Polyakov a9d8f9110d inet: Allowing more than 64k connections and heavily optimize bind(0) time. 
With simple extension to the binding mechanism, which allows to bind more
than 64k sockets (or smaller amount, depending on sysctl parameters),
we have to traverse the whole bind hash table to find out empty bucket.
And while it is not a problem for example for 32k connections, bind()
completion time grows exponentially (since after each successful binding
we have to traverse one bucket more to find empty one) even if we start
each time from random offset inside the hash table.

So, when hash table is full, and we want to add another socket, we have
to traverse the whole table no matter what, so effectivelly this will be
the worst case performance and it will be constant.

Attached picture shows bind() time depending on number of already bound
sockets.

Green area corresponds to the usual binding to zero port process, which
turns on kernel port selection as described above. Red area is the bind
process, when number of reuse-bound sockets is not limited by 64k (or
sysctl parameters). The same exponential growth (hidden by the green
area) before number of ports reaches sysctl limit.

At this time bind hash table has exactly one reuse-enbaled socket in a
bucket, but it is possible that they have different addresses. Actually
kernel selects the first port to try randomly, so at the beginning bind
will take roughly constant time, but with time number of port to check
after random start will increase. And that will have exponential growth,
but because of above random selection, not every next port selection
will necessary take longer time than previous. So we have to consider
the area below in the graph (if you could zoom it, you could find, that
there are many different times placed there), so area can hide another.

Blue area corresponds to the port selection optimization.

This is rather simple design approach: hashtable now maintains (unprecise
and racely updated) number of currently bound sockets, and when number
of such sockets becomes greater than predefined value (I use maximum
port range defined by sysctls), we stop traversing the whole bind hash
table and just stop at first matching bucket after random start. Above
limit roughly corresponds to the case, when bind hash table is full and
we turned on mechanism of allowing to bind more reuse-enabled sockets,
so it does not change behaviour of other sockets.

Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <zbr@ioremap.net>
Tested-by: Denys Fedoryschenko <denys@visp.net.lb>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2009-01-21 14:34:31 -08:00

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/*
* INET An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
* operating system. INET is implemented using the BSD Socket
* interface as the means of communication with the user level.
*
* Authors: Lotsa people, from code originally in tcp
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
* 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*/
#ifndef _INET_HASHTABLES_H
#define _INET_HASHTABLES_H
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/ip.h>
#include <linux/ipv6.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <net/inet_connection_sock.h>
#include <net/inet_sock.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <net/tcp_states.h>
#include <net/netns/hash.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>
/* This is for all connections with a full identity, no wildcards.
* One chain is dedicated to TIME_WAIT sockets.
* I'll experiment with dynamic table growth later.
*/
struct inet_ehash_bucket {
struct hlist_nulls_head chain;
struct hlist_nulls_head twchain;
};
/* There are a few simple rules, which allow for local port reuse by
* an application. In essence:
*
* 1) Sockets bound to different interfaces may share a local port.
* Failing that, goto test 2.
* 2) If all sockets have sk->sk_reuse set, and none of them are in
* TCP_LISTEN state, the port may be shared.
* Failing that, goto test 3.
* 3) If all sockets are bound to a specific inet_sk(sk)->rcv_saddr local
* address, and none of them are the same, the port may be
* shared.
* Failing this, the port cannot be shared.
*
* The interesting point, is test #2. This is what an FTP server does
* all day. To optimize this case we use a specific flag bit defined
* below. As we add sockets to a bind bucket list, we perform a
* check of: (newsk->sk_reuse && (newsk->sk_state != TCP_LISTEN))
* As long as all sockets added to a bind bucket pass this test,
* the flag bit will be set.
* The resulting situation is that tcp_v[46]_verify_bind() can just check
* for this flag bit, if it is set and the socket trying to bind has
* sk->sk_reuse set, we don't even have to walk the owners list at all,
* we return that it is ok to bind this socket to the requested local port.
*
* Sounds like a lot of work, but it is worth it. In a more naive
* implementation (ie. current FreeBSD etc.) the entire list of ports
* must be walked for each data port opened by an ftp server. Needless
* to say, this does not scale at all. With a couple thousand FTP
* users logged onto your box, isn't it nice to know that new data
* ports are created in O(1) time? I thought so. ;-) -DaveM
*/
struct inet_bind_bucket {
#ifdef CONFIG_NET_NS
struct net *ib_net;
#endif
unsigned short port;
signed short fastreuse;
int num_owners;
struct hlist_node node;
struct hlist_head owners;
};
static inline struct net *ib_net(struct inet_bind_bucket *ib)
{
return read_pnet(&ib->ib_net);
}
#define inet_bind_bucket_for_each(tb, node, head) \
hlist_for_each_entry(tb, node, head, node)
struct inet_bind_hashbucket {
spinlock_t lock;
struct hlist_head chain;
};
/*
* Sockets can be hashed in established or listening table
* We must use different 'nulls' end-of-chain value for listening
* hash table, or we might find a socket that was closed and
* reallocated/inserted into established hash table
*/
#define LISTENING_NULLS_BASE (1U << 29)
struct inet_listen_hashbucket {
spinlock_t lock;
struct hlist_nulls_head head;
};
/* This is for listening sockets, thus all sockets which possess wildcards. */
#define INET_LHTABLE_SIZE 32 /* Yes, really, this is all you need. */
struct inet_hashinfo {
/* This is for sockets with full identity only. Sockets here will
* always be without wildcards and will have the following invariant:
*
* TCP_ESTABLISHED <= sk->sk_state < TCP_CLOSE
*
* TIME_WAIT sockets use a separate chain (twchain).
*/
struct inet_ehash_bucket *ehash;
spinlock_t *ehash_locks;
unsigned int ehash_size;
unsigned int ehash_locks_mask;
/* Ok, let's try this, I give up, we do need a local binding
* TCP hash as well as the others for fast bind/connect.
*/
struct inet_bind_hashbucket *bhash;
unsigned int bhash_size;
int bsockets;
struct kmem_cache *bind_bucket_cachep;
/* All the above members are written once at bootup and
* never written again _or_ are predominantly read-access.
*
* Now align to a new cache line as all the following members
* might be often dirty.
*/
/* All sockets in TCP_LISTEN state will be in here. This is the only
* table where wildcard'd TCP sockets can exist. Hash function here
* is just local port number.
*/
struct inet_listen_hashbucket listening_hash[INET_LHTABLE_SIZE]
____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
};
static inline struct inet_ehash_bucket *inet_ehash_bucket(
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
unsigned int hash)
{
return &hashinfo->ehash[hash & (hashinfo->ehash_size - 1)];
}
static inline spinlock_t *inet_ehash_lockp(
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
unsigned int hash)
{
return &hashinfo->ehash_locks[hash & hashinfo->ehash_locks_mask];
}
static inline int inet_ehash_locks_alloc(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo)
{
unsigned int i, size = 256;
#if defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING)
unsigned int nr_pcpus = 2;
#else
unsigned int nr_pcpus = num_possible_cpus();
#endif
if (nr_pcpus >= 4)
size = 512;
if (nr_pcpus >= 8)
size = 1024;
if (nr_pcpus >= 16)
size = 2048;
if (nr_pcpus >= 32)
size = 4096;
if (sizeof(rwlock_t) != 0) {
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
if (size * sizeof(spinlock_t) > PAGE_SIZE)
hashinfo->ehash_locks = vmalloc(size * sizeof(spinlock_t));
else
#endif
hashinfo->ehash_locks = kmalloc(size * sizeof(spinlock_t),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!hashinfo->ehash_locks)
return ENOMEM;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
spin_lock_init(&hashinfo->ehash_locks[i]);
}
hashinfo->ehash_locks_mask = size - 1;
return 0;
}
static inline void inet_ehash_locks_free(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo)
{
if (hashinfo->ehash_locks) {
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
unsigned int size = (hashinfo->ehash_locks_mask + 1) *
sizeof(spinlock_t);
if (size > PAGE_SIZE)
vfree(hashinfo->ehash_locks);
else
#endif
kfree(hashinfo->ehash_locks);
hashinfo->ehash_locks = NULL;
}
}
extern struct inet_bind_bucket *
inet_bind_bucket_create(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
struct net *net,
struct inet_bind_hashbucket *head,
const unsigned short snum);
extern void inet_bind_bucket_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
struct inet_bind_bucket *tb);
static inline int inet_bhashfn(struct net *net,
const __u16 lport, const int bhash_size)
{
return (lport + net_hash_mix(net)) & (bhash_size - 1);
}
extern void inet_bind_hash(struct sock *sk, struct inet_bind_bucket *tb,
const unsigned short snum);
/* These can have wildcards, don't try too hard. */
static inline int inet_lhashfn(struct net *net, const unsigned short num)
{
return (num + net_hash_mix(net)) & (INET_LHTABLE_SIZE - 1);
}
static inline int inet_sk_listen_hashfn(const struct sock *sk)
{
return inet_lhashfn(sock_net(sk), inet_sk(sk)->num);
}
/* Caller must disable local BH processing. */
extern void __inet_inherit_port(struct sock *sk, struct sock *child);
extern void inet_put_port(struct sock *sk);
void inet_hashinfo_init(struct inet_hashinfo *h);
extern void __inet_hash_nolisten(struct sock *sk);
extern void inet_hash(struct sock *sk);
extern void inet_unhash(struct sock *sk);
extern struct sock *__inet_lookup_listener(struct net *net,
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
const __be32 daddr,
const unsigned short hnum,
const int dif);
static inline struct sock *inet_lookup_listener(struct net *net,
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
__be32 daddr, __be16 dport, int dif)
{
return __inet_lookup_listener(net, hashinfo, daddr, ntohs(dport), dif);
}
/* Socket demux engine toys. */
/* What happens here is ugly; there's a pair of adjacent fields in
struct inet_sock; __be16 dport followed by __u16 num. We want to
search by pair, so we combine the keys into a single 32bit value
and compare with 32bit value read from &...->dport. Let's at least
make sure that it's not mixed with anything else...
On 64bit targets we combine comparisons with pair of adjacent __be32
fields in the same way.
*/
typedef __u32 __bitwise __portpair;
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
#define INET_COMBINED_PORTS(__sport, __dport) \
((__force __portpair)(((__force __u32)(__be16)(__sport) << 16) | (__u32)(__dport)))
#else /* __LITTLE_ENDIAN */
#define INET_COMBINED_PORTS(__sport, __dport) \
((__force __portpair)(((__u32)(__dport) << 16) | (__force __u32)(__be16)(__sport)))
#endif
#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 64)
typedef __u64 __bitwise __addrpair;
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
#define INET_ADDR_COOKIE(__name, __saddr, __daddr) \
const __addrpair __name = (__force __addrpair) ( \
(((__force __u64)(__be32)(__saddr)) << 32) | \
((__force __u64)(__be32)(__daddr)));
#else /* __LITTLE_ENDIAN */
#define INET_ADDR_COOKIE(__name, __saddr, __daddr) \
const __addrpair __name = (__force __addrpair) ( \
(((__force __u64)(__be32)(__daddr)) << 32) | \
((__force __u64)(__be32)(__saddr)));
#endif /* __BIG_ENDIAN */
#define INET_MATCH(__sk, __net, __hash, __cookie, __saddr, __daddr, __ports, __dif)\
(((__sk)->sk_hash == (__hash)) && net_eq(sock_net(__sk), (__net)) && \
((*((__addrpair *)&(inet_sk(__sk)->daddr))) == (__cookie)) && \
((*((__portpair *)&(inet_sk(__sk)->dport))) == (__ports)) && \
(!((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if) || ((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if == (__dif))))
#define INET_TW_MATCH(__sk, __net, __hash, __cookie, __saddr, __daddr, __ports, __dif)\
(((__sk)->sk_hash == (__hash)) && net_eq(sock_net(__sk), (__net)) && \
((*((__addrpair *)&(inet_twsk(__sk)->tw_daddr))) == (__cookie)) && \
((*((__portpair *)&(inet_twsk(__sk)->tw_dport))) == (__ports)) && \
(!((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if) || ((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if == (__dif))))
#else /* 32-bit arch */
#define INET_ADDR_COOKIE(__name, __saddr, __daddr)
#define INET_MATCH(__sk, __net, __hash, __cookie, __saddr, __daddr, __ports, __dif) \
(((__sk)->sk_hash == (__hash)) && net_eq(sock_net(__sk), (__net)) && \
(inet_sk(__sk)->daddr == (__saddr)) && \
(inet_sk(__sk)->rcv_saddr == (__daddr)) && \
((*((__portpair *)&(inet_sk(__sk)->dport))) == (__ports)) && \
(!((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if) || ((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if == (__dif))))
#define INET_TW_MATCH(__sk, __net, __hash,__cookie, __saddr, __daddr, __ports, __dif) \
(((__sk)->sk_hash == (__hash)) && net_eq(sock_net(__sk), (__net)) && \
(inet_twsk(__sk)->tw_daddr == (__saddr)) && \
(inet_twsk(__sk)->tw_rcv_saddr == (__daddr)) && \
((*((__portpair *)&(inet_twsk(__sk)->tw_dport))) == (__ports)) && \
(!((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if) || ((__sk)->sk_bound_dev_if == (__dif))))
#endif /* 64-bit arch */
/*
* Sockets in TCP_CLOSE state are _always_ taken out of the hash, so we need
* not check it for lookups anymore, thanks Alexey. -DaveM
*
* Local BH must be disabled here.
*/
extern struct sock * __inet_lookup_established(struct net *net,
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
const __be32 saddr, const __be16 sport,
const __be32 daddr, const u16 hnum, const int dif);
static inline struct sock *
inet_lookup_established(struct net *net, struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
const __be32 saddr, const __be16 sport,
const __be32 daddr, const __be16 dport,
const int dif)
{
return __inet_lookup_established(net, hashinfo, saddr, sport, daddr,
ntohs(dport), dif);
}
static inline struct sock *__inet_lookup(struct net *net,
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
const __be32 saddr, const __be16 sport,
const __be32 daddr, const __be16 dport,
const int dif)
{
u16 hnum = ntohs(dport);
struct sock *sk = __inet_lookup_established(net, hashinfo,
saddr, sport, daddr, hnum, dif);
return sk ? : __inet_lookup_listener(net, hashinfo, daddr, hnum, dif);
}
static inline struct sock *inet_lookup(struct net *net,
struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
const __be32 saddr, const __be16 sport,
const __be32 daddr, const __be16 dport,
const int dif)
{
struct sock *sk;
local_bh_disable();
sk = __inet_lookup(net, hashinfo, saddr, sport, daddr, dport, dif);
local_bh_enable();
return sk;
}
static inline struct sock *__inet_lookup_skb(struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
struct sk_buff *skb,
const __be16 sport,
const __be16 dport)
{
struct sock *sk;
const struct iphdr *iph = ip_hdr(skb);
if (unlikely(sk = skb_steal_sock(skb)))
return sk;
else
return __inet_lookup(dev_net(skb->dst->dev), hashinfo,
iph->saddr, sport,
iph->daddr, dport, inet_iif(skb));
}
extern int __inet_hash_connect(struct inet_timewait_death_row *death_row,
struct sock *sk, u32 port_offset,
int (*check_established)(struct inet_timewait_death_row *,
struct sock *, __u16, struct inet_timewait_sock **),
void (*hash)(struct sock *sk));
extern int inet_hash_connect(struct inet_timewait_death_row *death_row,
struct sock *sk);
#endif /* _INET_HASHTABLES_H */
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