9e192b39a5
Translate dev-tools/ubsan.rst into Chinese, add it into zh_CN/dev-tools/index.rst. Signed-off-by: Dongliang Mu <dzm91@hust.edu.cn> Reviewed-by: Yanteng Si <siyanteng@loongson.cn> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240302140058.1527765-1-dzm91@hust.edu.cn
92 lines
3.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
92 lines
3.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
|
||
|
||
.. include:: ../disclaimer-zh_CN.rst
|
||
|
||
:Original: Documentation/dev-tools/ubsan.rst
|
||
:Translator: Dongliang Mu <dzm91@hust.edu.cn>
|
||
|
||
未定义行为消毒剂 - UBSAN
|
||
====================================
|
||
|
||
UBSAN是一种动态未定义行为检查工具。
|
||
|
||
UBSAN使用编译时插桩捕捉未定义行为。编译器在可能导致未定义行为的操作前插入特定
|
||
检测代码。如果检查失败，即检测到未定义行为，__ubsan_handle_* 函数将被调用打印
|
||
错误信息。
|
||
|
||
GCC自4.9.x [1_] （详见 ``-fsanitize=undefined`` 选项及其子选项）版本后引入这
|
||
一特性。GCC 5.x 版本实现了更多检查器 [2_]。
|
||
|
||
报告样例
|
||
--------------
|
||
|
||
::
|
||
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in ../include/linux/bitops.h:110:33
|
||
shift exponent 32 is to large for 32-bit type 'unsigned int'
|
||
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.4.0-rc1+ #26
|
||
0000000000000000 ffffffff82403cc8 ffffffff815e6cd6 0000000000000001
|
||
ffffffff82403cf8 ffffffff82403ce0 ffffffff8163a5ed 0000000000000020
|
||
ffffffff82403d78 ffffffff8163ac2b ffffffff815f0001 0000000000000002
|
||
Call Trace:
|
||
[<ffffffff815e6cd6>] dump_stack+0x45/0x5f
|
||
[<ffffffff8163a5ed>] ubsan_epilogue+0xd/0x40
|
||
[<ffffffff8163ac2b>] __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0xeb/0x130
|
||
[<ffffffff815f0001>] ? radix_tree_gang_lookup_slot+0x51/0x150
|
||
[<ffffffff8173c586>] _mix_pool_bytes+0x1e6/0x480
|
||
[<ffffffff83105653>] ? dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
|
||
[<ffffffff8173c881>] add_device_randomness+0x61/0x130
|
||
[<ffffffff83105b35>] ? dmi_save_one_device+0xaa/0xaa
|
||
[<ffffffff83105653>] dmi_walk_early+0x48/0x5c
|
||
[<ffffffff831066ae>] dmi_scan_machine+0x278/0x4b4
|
||
[<ffffffff8111d58a>] ? vprintk_default+0x1a/0x20
|
||
[<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
|
||
[<ffffffff830b2240>] setup_arch+0x405/0xc2c
|
||
[<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
|
||
[<ffffffff830ae053>] start_kernel+0x83/0x49a
|
||
[<ffffffff830ad120>] ? early_idt_handler_array+0x120/0x120
|
||
[<ffffffff830ad386>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x2a/0x2c
|
||
[<ffffffff830ad4f3>] x86_64_start_kernel+0x16b/0x17a
|
||
================================================================================
|
||
|
||
用法
|
||
-----
|
||
|
||
使用如下内核配置启用UBSAN::
|
||
|
||
CONFIG_UBSAN=y
|
||
|
||
使用如下内核配置检查整个内核::
|
||
|
||
CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y
|
||
|
||
为了在特定文件或目录启动代码插桩，需要在相应的内核Makefile中添加一行类似内容:
|
||
|
||
- 单文件（如main.o）::
|
||
|
||
UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := y
|
||
|
||
- 一个目录中的所有文件::
|
||
|
||
UBSAN_SANITIZE := y
|
||
|
||
即使设置了``CONFIG_UBSAN_SANITIZE_ALL=y``，为了避免文件被插桩，可使用::
|
||
|
||
UBSAN_SANITIZE_main.o := n
|
||
|
||
与::
|
||
|
||
UBSAN_SANITIZE := n
|
||
|
||
未对齐的内存访问检测可通过开启独立选项 - CONFIG_UBSAN_ALIGNMENT 检测。
|
||
该选项在支持未对齐访问的架构上(CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS=y)
|
||
默认为关闭。该选项仍可通过内核配置启用，但它将产生大量的UBSAN报告。
|
||
|
||
参考文献
|
||
----------
|
||
|
||
.. _1: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
|
||
.. _2: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html
|
||
.. _3: https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer.html
|