This removes annoying blank syslog entries emitted by ext4_error() or
ext4_warning(), since these functions add their own newline.
Signed-off-by: Nick Warne <nick@ukfsn.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
A few weeks ago I posted a patch for discussion that allowed ext4 to run
without a journal. Since that time I've integrated the excellent
comments from Andreas and fixed several serious bugs. We're currently
running with this patch and generating some performance numbers against
both ext2 (with backported reservations code) and ext4 with and without
a journal. It just so happens that running without a journal is
slightly faster for most everything.
We did
iozone -T -t 4 s 2g -r 256k -T -I -i0 -i1 -i2
which creates 4 threads, each of which create and do reads and writes on
a 2G file, with a buffer size of 256K, using O_DIRECT for all file opens
to bypass the page cache. Results:
ext2 ext4, default ext4, no journal
initial writes 13.0 MB/s 15.4 MB/s 15.7 MB/s
rewrites 13.1 MB/s 15.6 MB/s 15.9 MB/s
reads 15.2 MB/s 16.9 MB/s 17.2 MB/s
re-reads 15.3 MB/s 16.9 MB/s 17.2 MB/s
random readers 5.6 MB/s 5.6 MB/s 5.7 MB/s
random writers 5.1 MB/s 5.3 MB/s 5.4 MB/s
So it seems that, so far, this was a useful exercise.
Signed-off-by: Frank Mayhar <fmayhar@google.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
I chased the cause of following ext4 oops report which is tested on
ia64 box.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12018
The cause is the size of s_mb_maxs array that is defined as "unsigned
short" in ext4_sb_info structure. If the file system's block size is
8k or greater, an unsigned short is not wide enough to contain the
value fs->blocksize << 3.
Signed-off-by: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
If we try to free a block which is already freed, the code was
returning without first unlocking the group.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The multiblock allocator needs to be able to release blocks (and issue
a blkdev discard request) when the transaction which freed those
blocks is committed. Previously this was done via a polling mechanism
when blocks are allocated or freed. A much better way of doing things
is to create a jbd2 callback function and attaching the list of blocks
to be freed directly to the transaction structure.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Let the block device know when unused blocks can be discarded, using
the new sb_issue_discard() interface.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
With this patch we track the block freed during a transaction using
red-black tree. We also make sure contiguous blocks freed are collected
in one node in the tree.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
We should use kmem_cache_free to free memory allocated
via kmem_cache_alloc
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
This fixes a bug which caused on-line resizing of filesystems with a
1k blocksize to fail. The root cause of this bug was the fact that if
an uninitalized bitmap block gets read in by userspace (which
e2fsprogs does try to avoid, but can happen when the blocksize is less
than the pagesize and an adjacent blocks is read into memory)
ext4_read_block_bitmap() was erroneously depending on the buffer
uptodate flag to decide whether it needed to initialize the bitmap
block in memory --- i.e., to set the standard set of blocks in use by
a block group (superblock, bitmaps, inode table, etc.). Essentially,
ext4_read_block_bitmap() assumed it was the only routine that might
try to read a block containing a block bitmap, which is simply not
true.
To fix this, ext4_read_block_bitmap() and ext4_read_inode_bitmap()
must always initialize uninitialized bitmap blocks. Once a block or
inode is allocated out of that bitmap, it will be marked as
initialized in the block group descriptor, so in general this won't
result any extra unnecessary work.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Bohe <frederic.bohe@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Previously mballoc created a separate set of functions for each proc
file. This combines the tunables into a single set of functions which
gets used for all of the per-superblock proc files, saving
approximately 2k of compiled object code.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
...and into the core setup/teardown code in fs/ext4/super.c so that
other parts of ext4 can define tuning parameters.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
lg_prealloc_list seems to cry out for a per-cpu data structure; on a large
smp system I think this should be better. I've lightly tested this change
on a 4-cpu system.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
ext4 creates per-suberblock directory in /proc/ext4/ . Name used as
basis is taken from bdevname, which, surprise, can contain slash.
However, proc while allowing to use proc_create("a/b", parent) form of
PDE creation, assumes that parent/a was already created.
bdevname in question is 'cciss/c0d0p9', directory is not created and all
this stuff goes directly into /proc (which is real bug).
Warning comes when _second_ partition is mounted.
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=11321
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch adds dirty block accounting using percpu_counters. Delayed
allocation block reservation is now done by updating dirty block
counter. In a later patch we switch to non delalloc mode if the
filesystem free blocks is greater than 150% of total filesystem dirty
blocks
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao<cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
During block reservation if we don't have enough blocks left, retry
block reservation with smaller block counts. This makes sure we try
fallocate and DIO with smaller request size and don't fail early. The
delayed allocation reservation cannot try with smaller block count. So
retry block reservation to handle temporary disk full conditions. Also
print free blocks details if we fail block allocation during writepages.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
With delayed allocation we need to make sure block are reserved before
we attempt to allocate them. Otherwise we get block allocation failure
(ENOSPC) during writepages which cannot be handled. This would mean
silent data loss (We do a printk stating data will be lost). This patch
updates the DIO and fallocate code path to do block reservation before
block allocation. This is needed to make sure parallel DIO and fallocate
request doesn't take block out of delayed reserve space.
When free blocks count go below a threshold we switch to a slow patch
which looks at other CPU's accumulated percpu counter values.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
For small file block allocations, mballoc uses per cpu prealloc
space. Use goal block when searching for the right prealloc
space. Also make sure ext4_da_writepages tries to write
all the pages for small files in single attempt
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Currently, the locality group prealloc list is freed only when there
is a block allocation failure. This can result in large number of
entries in the preallocation list making ext4_mb_use_preallocated()
expensive.
To fix this, we convert the locality group prealloc list to a hash
list. The hash index is the order of number of blocks in the prealloc
space with a max order of 9. When adding prealloc space to the list we
make sure total entries for each order does not exceed 8. If it is
more than 8 we discard few entries and make sure the we have only <= 5
entries.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
NR_CPUS can be really large. We should be using nr_cpu_ids instead.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Don't call BUG_ON on file system failures. Instead use ext4_error and
also handle the continue case properly.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
I noticed when filling a 1T filesystem with 4 threads using the
fs_mark benchmark:
fs_mark -d /mnt/test -D 256 -n 100000 -t 4 -s 20480 -F -S 0
that I occasionally got checksum mismatch errors:
EXT4-fs error (device sdb): ext4_init_inode_bitmap: Checksum bad for group 6935
etc. I'd reliably get 4-5 of them during the run.
It appears that the problem is likely a race to init the bg's
when the uninit_bg feature is enabled.
With the patch below, which adds sb_bgl_locking around initialization,
I was able to complete several runs with no errors or warnings.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch does block reservation for delayed
allocation, to avoid ENOSPC later at page flush time.
Blocks(data and metadata) are reserved at da_write_begin()
time, the freeblocks counter is updated by then, and the number of
reserved blocks is store in per inode counter.
At the writepage time, the unused reserved meta blocks are returned
back. At unlink/truncate time, reserved blocks are properly released.
Updated fix from Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
to fix the oldallocator block reservation accounting with delalloc, added
lock to guard the counters and also fix the reservation for meta blocks.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Update group infos when updating a group's descriptor.
Add group infos when adding a group's descriptor.
Refresh cache pages used by mb_alloc when changes occur.
This will probably need modifications when META_BG resizing will be allowed.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Bohe <frederic.bohe@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
mballoc allocation missed check for blocks reserved for root users. Add
ext4_has_free_blocks() check before allocation. Also modified
ext4_has_free_blocks() to support multiple block allocation request.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Move the code related to block allocation to a single function and add helper
funtions to differient allocation for data and meta data blocks
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Quota allocation is not removed when ext4_mb_new_blocks calls
kmem_cache_alloc failed. Also make sure the allocation context is freed
on the error path.
Signed-off-by: Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch mostly controls the way inode are allocated in order to
make ialloc aware of flex_bg block group grouping. It achieves this
by bypassing the Orlov allocator when block group meta-data are packed
toghether through mke2fs. Since the impact on the block allocator is
minimal, this patch should have little or no effect on other block
allocation algorithms. By controlling the inode allocation, it can
basically control where the initial search for new block begins and
thus indirectly manipulate the block allocator.
This allocator favors data and meta-data locality so the disk will
gradually be filled from block group zero upward. This helps improve
performance by reducing seek time. Since the group of inode tables
within one flex_bg are treated as one giant inode table, uninitialized
block groups would not need to partially initialize as many inode
table as with Orlov which would help fsck time as the filesystem usage
goes up.
Signed-off-by: Jose R. Santos <jrs@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Valerie Clement <valerie.clement@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The error processing of the return value of mb_free_blocks is meanless
because it only returns 0. This fix includes
- make mb_free_blocks return void
- remove the error processing part in callers
- unlock group before calling ext4_error in mb_free_blocks
Signed-off-by: Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
When the directory fs/ext4 is not correctly created under proc, the entry
under this directory should not be created.
Signed-off-by: Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Since this a non-static function, make it be ext4 specific to avoid
conflicts with potentially other filesystems.
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
ext4_mb_seq_history_open(): check if sbi->s_mb_history is NULL
ext4_mb_history_init(): replace kmalloc and memset with kzalloc
ext4_mb_init_backend(): remove memset since kzalloc is used
ext4_mb_init(): the return value of ext4_mb_init_backend is int,
but i is unsigned, replace it with a new int variable.
Signed-off-by: Shen Feng <shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
ext4_mb_init_cache() incorrectly always return EIO on success. This
causes the caller of ext4_mb_init_cache() fail when it checks the return
value.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
With mballoc we search for the best extent using different
criteria. We should always use the goal group when we are
starting with a new criteria.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Some architectures implement ext4_find_next_bit and
ext4_find_next_zero_bit in such a way that they return
greater than max for some input values. Make sure
mb_find_next_bit and mb_find_next_zero_bit return the
right values.
On 2.6.25 we have include/asm-x86/bitops_32.h
static inline unsigned find_first_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned size)
{
unsigned x = 0;
while (x < size) {
unsigned long val = *addr++;
if (val)
return __ffs(val) + x;
x += (sizeof(*addr)<<3);
}
return x;
}
This can return value greater than size.
Reported and fixed here for lustre
https://bugzilla.lustre.org/show_bug.cgi?id=15932https://bugzilla.lustre.org/attachment.cgi?id=17205
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Fix use of uninitialized data with debug enabled.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
If the block allocator gets blocks out of system zone ext4 calls
ext4_error. But if the file system is mounted with errors=continue
retry block allocation. We need to mark the system zone blocks as
in use to make sure retry don't pick them again
System zone is the block range mapping block bitmap, inode bitmap and inode
table.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
In case of inode preallocation, the number of blocks to allocate depends
on the file size and it is calculated in ext4_mb_normalize_request().
Each group in the filesystem is then checked to find one that can be
used for allocation; this is done in ext4_mb_good_group().
When a file bigger than 4MB is created, the requested number of blocks
to preallocate, calculated by ext4_mb_normalize_request is 4096.
However for a filesystem with 1KB block size, the maximum size of the
block buddies used by the multiblock allocator is 2048, so none of
groups in the filesystem satisfies the search criteria in
ext4_mb_good_group(). Scanning all the filesystem groups impacts
performance.
This was demonstrated by using a freshly created, 70GB, 1k block
filesystem, with caches dropped write before the test via
/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches, and with the filesystem mounted with
nodelalloc and nodealloc,nomballoc. The time to write an 8 megabyte
file using "dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/test/fo bs=8k count=1k conv=fsync"
took 35.5091 seconds (236kB/s) with nodellaloc, and 0.233754 seconds
(35.9 MB/s) with the nodelloc,nomballoc options. With a 1TB partition,
it took several minutes to write 8MB!
This patch modifies the algorithm in ext4_mb_normalize_group_request to
calculate the number of blocks to allocate by taking into account the
maximum size of free blocks chunks handled by the multiblock allocator.
It has also been tested for filesystems with 2KB and 4KB block sizes to
ensure that those cases don't regress.
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Valerie Clement <valerie.clement@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
bdevname() fills the buffer that it is given as a parameter, so calling
strcpy() or snprintf() on the returned value is redundant (and probably not
guaranteed to work - I don't think strcpy and snprintf support overlapping
buffers.)
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Stephen Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In ext4_mb_init_backend() 'i' is of type ext4_group_t. Since unsigned, i
>= 0 is always true, so fix hot spins after err_freebuddy: and -meta:
and prevent decrements when zero.
Signed-off-by: Roel Kluin <12o3l@tiscali.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Move function and structure definiations out of mballoc.c and put it under
a new header file mballoc.h
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
This patch allows compiling mballoc with:
#define AGGRESSIVE_CHECK
#define DOUBLE_CHECK
#define MB_DEBUG
It fixes:
Compilation errors:
fs/ext4/mballoc.c: In function '__mb_check_buddy':
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:605: error: 'struct ext4_prealloc_space' has no member named 'group_list'
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:606: error: 'struct ext4_prealloc_space' has no member named 'pstart'
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:608: error: 'struct ext4_prealloc_space' has no member named 'len'
Compilation warnings:
fs/ext4/mballoc.c: In function 'ext4_mb_normalize_group_request':
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:2863: warning: format '%lu' expects type 'long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'int'
fs/ext4/mballoc.c: In function 'ext4_mb_use_inode_pa':
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:3103: warning: format '%lu' expects type 'long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'int'
Sparse check:
fs/ext4/mballoc.c:3818:2: warning: context imbalance in 'ext4_mb_show_ac' - different lock contexts for basic block
Signed-off-by: Solofo Ramangalahy <Solofo.Ramangalahy@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Move ext4 headers out of include/linux. This is just the trivial move,
there's some more thing that could be done later.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
__FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
The function prototype of ext4_new_blocks_old() is defined in ext4_fs.h,
so we don't need the extra function prototype in mballoc.c
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
