There isn't any real advantage to this change except that it allows the old
functions to be removed. Which is easier on maintenance and puts the code in
a more uniform style.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Of kernel subsystems that work with pids the tty layer is probably the largest
consumer. But it has the nice virtue that the assiation with a session only
lasts until the session leader exits. Which means that no reference counting
is required. So using struct pid winds up being a simple optimization to
avoid hash table lookups.
In the long term the use of pid_nr also ensures that when we have multiple pid
spaces mixed everything will work correctly.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <eric@maxwell.lnxi.com>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A variety of (mostly) innocuous fixes to the embedded kernel-doc content in
source files, including:
* make multi-line initial descriptions single line
* denote some function names, constants and structs as such
* change erroneous opening '/*' to '/**' in a few places
* reword some text for clarity
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
while lock-profiling the -rt kernel i noticed weird contention during
mmap-intense workloads, and the tracer showed the following gem, in one
of our MM hotpaths:
threaded-2771 1.... 65us : sys_munmap (sysenter_do_call)
threaded-2771 1.... 66us : profile_munmap (sys_munmap)
threaded-2771 1.... 66us : blocking_notifier_call_chain (profile_munmap)
threaded-2771 1.... 66us : rt_down_read (blocking_notifier_call_chain)
ouch! a global rw-semaphore taken in one of the most performance-
sensitive codepaths of the kernel. And i dont even have oprofile
enabled! All distro kernels have CONFIG_PROFILING enabled, so this
scalability problem affects the majority of Linux users.
The fix is to enhance blocking_notifier_call_chain() to only take the
lock if there appears to be work on the call-chain.
With this patch applied i get nicely saturated system, and much higher
munmap performance, on SMP systems.
And as a bonus this also fixes a similar scalability bottleneck in the
thread-exit codepath: profile_task_exit() ...
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All tasks in the process group have the same sid, we don't need to iterate
them all to check that the caller of sys_setpgid() doesn't change its
session.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace occurences of task->signal->session by a new process_session() helper
routine.
It will be useful for pid namespaces to abstract the session pid number.
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix the locking of signal->tty.
Use ->sighand->siglock to protect ->signal->tty; this lock is already used
by most other members of ->signal/->sighand. And unless we are 'current'
or the tasklist_lock is held we need ->siglock to access ->signal anyway.
(NOTE: sys_unshare() is broken wrt ->sighand locking rules)
Note that tty_mutex is held over tty destruction, so while holding
tty_mutex any tty pointer remains valid. Otherwise the lifetime of ttys
are governed by their open file handles. This leaves some holes for tty
access from signal->tty (or any other non file related tty access).
It solves the tty SLAB scribbles we were seeing.
(NOTE: the change from group_send_sig_info to __group_send_sig_info needs to
be examined by someone familiar with the security framework, I think
it is safe given the SEND_SIG_PRIV from other __group_send_sig_info
invocations)
[schwidefsky@de.ibm.com: 3270 fix]
[akpm@osdl.org: various post-viro fixes]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Pass the work_struct pointer to the work function rather than context data.
The work function can use container_of() to work out the data.
For the cases where the container of the work_struct may go away the moment the
pending bit is cleared, it is made possible to defer the release of the
structure by deferring the clearing of the pending bit.
To make this work, an extra flag is introduced into the management side of the
work_struct. This governs auto-release of the structure upon execution.
Ordinarily, the work queue executor would release the work_struct for further
scheduling or deallocation by clearing the pending bit prior to jumping to the
work function. This means that, unless the driver makes some guarantee itself
that the work_struct won't go away, the work function may not access anything
else in the work_struct or its container lest they be deallocated.. This is a
problem if the auxiliary data is taken away (as done by the last patch).
However, if the pending bit is *not* cleared before jumping to the work
function, then the work function *may* access the work_struct and its container
with no problems. But then the work function must itself release the
work_struct by calling work_release().
In most cases, automatic release is fine, so this is the default. Special
initiators exist for the non-auto-release case (ending in _NAR).
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Currently the init_srcu_struct() routine has no way to report out-of-memory
errors. This patch (as761) makes it return -ENOMEM when the per-cpu data
allocation fails.
The patch also makes srcu_init_notifier_head() report a BUG if a notifier
head can't be initialized. Perhaps it should return -ENOMEM instead, but
in the most likely cases where this might occur I don't think any recovery
is possible. Notifier chains generally are not created dynamically.
[akpm@osdl.org: avoid statement-with-side-effect in macro]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch (as751) adds a new type of notifier chain, based on the SRCU
(Sleepable Read-Copy Update) primitives recently added to the kernel. An
SRCU notifier chain is much like a blocking notifier chain, in that it must
be called in process context and its callout routines are allowed to sleep.
The difference is that the chain's links are protected by the SRCU
mechanism rather than by an rw-semaphore, so calling the chain has
extremely low overhead: no memory barriers and no cache-line bouncing. On
the other hand, unregistering from the chain is expensive and the chain
head requires special runtime initialization (plus cleanup if it is to be
deallocated).
SRCU notifiers are appropriate for notifiers that will be called very
frequently and for which unregistration occurs very seldom. The proposed
"task notifier" scheme qualifies, as may some of the network notifiers.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
There are a few places in the kernel where the init task is signaled. The
ctrl+alt+del sequence is one them. It kills a task, usually init, using a
cached pid (cad_pid).
This patch replaces the pid_t by a struct pid to avoid pid wrap around
problem. The struct pid is initialized at boot time in init() and can be
modified through systctl with
/proc/sys/kernel/cad_pid
[ I haven't found any distro using it ? ]
It also introduces a small helper routine kill_cad_pid() which is used
where it seemed ok to use cad_pid instead of pid 1.
[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups, build fix]
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace references to system_utsname to the per-process uts namespace
where appropriate. This includes things like uname.
Changes: Per Eric Biederman's comments, use the per-process uts namespace
for ELF_PLATFORM, sunrpc, and parts of net/ipv4/ipconfig.c
[jdike@addtoit.com: UML fix]
[clg@fr.ibm.com: cleanup]
[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Andrey Savochkin <saw@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When kprobe is re-entered, the re-entered kprobe kernel path will will call
atomic_notifier_call_chain function, if this function is kprobed that will
incur numerous kprobe recursive fault. This patch disallows kprobes on
atomic_notifier_call_chain function.
Signed-off-by: bibo, mao <bibo.mao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix up kernel/sys.c to be consistent with CodingStyle and the rest of the
file.
Signed-off-by: Cal Peake <cp@absolutedigital.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Get rid of an extraneous printk in kernel_restart().
Signed-off-by: Cal Peake <cp@absolutedigital.net>
Acked-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
For NUMA optimization and some other algorithms it is useful to have a fast
to get the current CPU and node numbers in user space.
x86-64 added a fast way to do this in a vsyscall. This adds a generic
syscall for other architectures to make it a generic portable facility.
I expect some of them will also implement it as a faster vsyscall.
The cache is an optimization for the x86-64 vsyscall optimization. Since
what the syscall returns is an approximation anyways and user space
often wants very fast results it can be cached for some time. The norma
methods to get this information in user space are relatively slow
The vsyscall is in a better position to manage the cache because it has direct
access to a fast time stamp (jiffies). For the generic syscall optimization
it doesn't help much, but enforce a valid argument to keep programs
portable
I only added an i386 syscall entry for now. Other architectures can follow
as needed.
AK: Also added some cleanups from Andrew Morton
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Based on a patch from Ernie Petrides
During security research, Red Hat discovered a behavioral flaw in core
dump handling. A local user could create a program that would cause a
core file to be dumped into a directory they would not normally have
permissions to write to. This could lead to a denial of service (disk
consumption), or allow the local user to gain root privileges.
The prctl() system call should never allow to set "dumpable" to the
value 2. Especially not for non-privileged users.
This can be split into three cases:
1) running as root -- then core dumps will already be done as root,
and so prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 2) is not useful
2) running as non-root w/setuid-to-root -- this is the debatable case
3) running as non-root w/setuid-to-non-root -- then you definitely
do NOT want "dumpable" to get set to 2 because you have the
privilege escalation vulnerability
With case #2, the only potential usefulness is for a program that has
designed to run with higher privilege (than the user invoking it) that
wants to be able to create root-owned root-validated core dumps. This
might be useful as a debugging aid, but would only be safe if the program
had done a chdir() to a safe directory.
There is no benefit to a production setuid-to-root utility, because it
shouldn't be dumping core in the first place. If this is true, then the
same debugging aid could also be accomplished with the "suid_dumpable"
sysctl.
Signed-off-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- proper prototypes for the following functions:
- ctrl_alt_del() (in include/linux/reboot.h)
- getrusage() (in include/linux/resource.h)
- make the following needlessly global functions static:
- kernel_restart_prepare()
- kernel_kexec()
[akpm@osdl.org: compile fix]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Since raw_notifier chains don't benefit from any centralized locking
protections, they shouldn't suffer from the associated limitations. Under
some circumstances it might make sense for a raw_notifier callout routine
to unregister itself from the notifier chain. This patch (as678) changes
the notifier core to allow for such things.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
kernel/sys.c doesn't have anything in it relying on linux/init.h -
remove the include.
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulus/powerpc: (139 commits)
[POWERPC] re-enable OProfile for iSeries, using timer interrupt
[POWERPC] support ibm,extended-*-frequency properties
[POWERPC] Extra sanity check in EEH code
[POWERPC] Dont look for class-code in pci children
[POWERPC] Fix mdelay badness on shared processor partitions
[POWERPC] disable floating point exceptions for init
[POWERPC] Unify ppc syscall tables
[POWERPC] mpic: add support for serial mode interrupts
[POWERPC] pseries: Print PCI slot location code on failure
[POWERPC] spufs: one more fix for 64k pages
[POWERPC] spufs: fail spu_create with invalid flags
[POWERPC] spufs: clear class2 interrupt status before wakeup
[POWERPC] spufs: fix Makefile for "make clean"
[POWERPC] spufs: remove stop_code from struct spu
[POWERPC] spufs: fix spu irq affinity setting
[POWERPC] spufs: further abstract priv1 register access
[POWERPC] spufs: split the Cell BE support into generic and platform dependant parts
[POWERPC] spufs: dont try to access SPE channel 1 count
[POWERPC] spufs: use kzalloc in create_spu
[POWERPC] spufs: fix initial state of wbox file
...
Manually resolved conflicts in:
drivers/net/phy/Makefile
include/asm-powerpc/spu.h
Avoid taking tasklist_lock for at getrusage for the multithreaded case too.
We don't need to take the tasklist lock for thread traversal of a process
since Oleg's do-__unhash_process-under-siglock.patch and related work.
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This new prctl is intended for changing the execution mode of the
processor, on processors that support both a little-endian mode and a
big-endian mode. It is intended for use by programs such as
instruction set emulators (for example an x86 emulator on PowerPC),
which may find it convenient to use the processor in an alternate
endianness mode when executing translated instructions.
Note that this does not imply the existence of a fully-fledged ABI for
both endiannesses, or of compatibility code for converting system
calls done in the non-native endianness mode. The program is expected
to arrange for all of its system call arguments to be presented in the
native endianness.
Switching between big and little-endian mode will require some care in
constructing the instruction sequence for the switch. Generally the
instructions up to the instruction that invokes the prctl system call
will have to be in the old endianness, and subsequent instructions
will have to be in the new endianness.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
The core problem: setsid fails if it is called by init. The effect in 2.6.16
and the earlier kernels that have this problem is that if you do a "ps -j 1 or
ps -ej 1" you will see that init and several of it's children have process
group and session == 0. Instead of process group == session == 1. Despite
init calling setsid.
The reason it fails is that daemonize calls set_special_pids(1,1) on kernel
threads that are launched before /sbin/init is called.
The only remaining effect in that current->signal->leader == 0 for init
instead of 1. And the setsid call fails. No one has noticed because
/sbin/init does not check the return value of setsid.
In 2.4 where we don't have the pidhash table, and daemonize doesn't exist
setsid actually works for init.
I care a lot about pid == 1 not being a special case that we leave broken,
because of the container/jail work that I am doing.
- Carefully allow init (pid == 1) to call setsid despite the kernel using
its session.
- Use find_task_by_pid instead of find_pid because find_pid taking a
pidtype is going away.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch reverts 'CONFIG_SMP && thread_group_empty()' optimization in
sys_times(). The reason is that the next patch breaks memory ordering which
is needed for that optimization.
tasklist_lock in sys_times() will be eliminated completely by further patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The kernel's implementation of notifier chains is unsafe. There is no
protection against entries being added to or removed from a chain while the
chain is in use. The issues were discussed in this thread:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113018709002036&w=2
We noticed that notifier chains in the kernel fall into two basic usage
classes:
"Blocking" chains are always called from a process context
and the callout routines are allowed to sleep;
"Atomic" chains can be called from an atomic context and
the callout routines are not allowed to sleep.
We decided to codify this distinction and make it part of the API. Therefore
this set of patches introduces three new, parallel APIs: one for blocking
notifiers, one for atomic notifiers, and one for "raw" notifiers (which is
really just the old API under a new name). New kinds of data structures are
used for the heads of the chains, and new routines are defined for
registration, unregistration, and calling a chain. The three APIs are
explained in include/linux/notifier.h and their implementation is in
kernel/sys.c.
With atomic and blocking chains, the implementation guarantees that the chain
links will not be corrupted and that chain callers will not get messed up by
entries being added or removed. For raw chains the implementation provides no
guarantees at all; users of this API must provide their own protections. (The
idea was that situations may come up where the assumptions of the atomic and
blocking APIs are not appropriate, so it should be possible for users to
handle these things in their own way.)
There are some limitations, which should not be too hard to live with. For
atomic/blocking chains, registration and unregistration must always be done in
a process context since the chain is protected by a mutex/rwsem. Also, a
callout routine for a non-raw chain must not try to register or unregister
entries on its own chain. (This did happen in a couple of places and the code
had to be changed to avoid it.)
Since atomic chains may be called from within an NMI handler, they cannot use
spinlocks for synchronization. Instead we use RCU. The overhead falls almost
entirely in the unregister routine, which is okay since unregistration is much
less frequent that calling a chain.
Here is the list of chains that we adjusted and their classifications. None
of them use the raw API, so for the moment it is only a placeholder.
ATOMIC CHAINS
-------------
arch/i386/kernel/traps.c: i386die_chain
arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c: ia64die_chain
arch/powerpc/kernel/traps.c: powerpc_die_chain
arch/sparc64/kernel/traps.c: sparc64die_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/traps.c: die_chain
drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_si_intf.c: xaction_notifier_list
kernel/panic.c: panic_notifier_list
kernel/profile.c: task_free_notifier
net/bluetooth/hci_core.c: hci_notifier
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_chain
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_expect_chain
net/ipv6/addrconf.c: inet6addr_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_expect_chain
net/netlink/af_netlink.c: netlink_chain
BLOCKING CHAINS
---------------
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c: pSeries_reconfig_chain
arch/s390/kernel/process.c: idle_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/process.c idle_notifier
drivers/base/memory.c: memory_chain
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_policy_notifier_list
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_transition_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/adb.c: adb_client_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu68k.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/windfarm_core.c wf_client_list
drivers/usb/core/notify.c usb_notifier_list
drivers/video/fbmem.c fb_notifier_list
kernel/cpu.c cpu_chain
kernel/module.c module_notify_list
kernel/profile.c munmap_notifier
kernel/profile.c task_exit_notifier
kernel/sys.c reboot_notifier_list
net/core/dev.c netdev_chain
net/decnet/dn_dev.c: dnaddr_chain
net/ipv4/devinet.c: inetaddr_chain
It's possible that some of these classifications are wrong. If they are,
please let us know or submit a patch to fix them. Note that any chain that
gets called very frequently should be atomic, because the rwsem read-locking
used for blocking chains is very likely to incur cache misses on SMP systems.
(However, if the chain's callout routines may sleep then the chain cannot be
atomic.)
The patch set was written by Alan Stern and Chandra Seetharaman, incorporating
material written by Keith Owens and suggestions from Paul McKenney and Andrew
Morton.
[jes@sgi.com: restructure the notifier chain initialization macros]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch avoids arithmetic on 'signed' types that are slower than
'unsigned'. This saves space and cpu cycles.
size of kernel/sys.o before the patch (gcc-3.4.5)
text data bss dec hex filename
10924 252 4 11180 2bac kernel/sys.o
size of kernel/sys.o after the patch
text data bss dec hex filename
10903 252 4 11159 2b97 kernel/sys.o
I noticed that gcc-4.1.0 (from Fedora Core 5) even uses idiv instruction for
(a+b)/2 if a and b are signed.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
While doing some benchmarks of an Apache/PHP SMP server, I noticed high
oprofile numbers in in_group_p() and _atomic_dec_and_lock().
rank percent
1 4.8911 % __link_path_walk
2 4.8503 % __d_lookup
*3 4.2911 % _atomic_dec_and_lock
4 3.9307 % __copy_to_user_ll
5 4.9004 % sysenter_past_esp
*6 3.3248 % in_group_p
It appears that in_group_p() does an uncessary
get_group_info(current->group_info); /* atomic_inc() */
... /* access current->group_info */
put_group_info(current->group_info); /* _atomic_dec_and_lock */
It is not necessary to do this, because the current task holds a reference
on its own group_info, and this reference cannot change during the lookup.
This patch deletes the get_group_info()/put_group_info() pair from
sys_getgroups(), in_group_p() and in_egroup_p() functions.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: Tim Hockin <thockin@hockin.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move capable() to kernel/capability.c and eliminate duplicate
implementations. Add __capable() function which can be used to check for
capabiilty of any process.
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Document the fact that setrlimit(RLIMIT_CPU) doesn't return error codes when
it should. I don't think we can fix this without a 2.7.x..
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ulrich Weigand <uweigand@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
At present the kernel doesn't honour an attempt to set RLIMIT_CPU to zero
seconds. But the spec says it should, and that's what 2.4.x does.
Fixing this for real would involve some complexity (such as adding a new
it-has-been-set flag to the task_struct, and testing that everwhere, instead
of overloading the value of it_prof_expires).
Given that a 2.4 kernel won't actually send the signal until one second has
expired anyway, let's just handle this case by treating the caller's
zero-seconds as one second.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ulrich Weigand <uweigand@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Whitespace cleanups
- Make that expression comprehensible.
There's a potential logic change here: we do the "is it_prof_expires equal to
zero" test after converting it to seconds, rather than doing the comparison
between raw cputime_t's.
But given that it's in units of seconds anyway, that shouldn't change
anything.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Ulrich Weigand <uweigand@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Semaphore to mutex conversion.
The conversion was generated via scripts, and the result was validated
automatically via a script as well.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Avoid taking the global tasklist_lock when possible, if a process is single
threaded during getrusage(). Any avoidance of tasklist_lock is good for
NUMA boxes (and possibly for large SMPs). Thanks to Oleg Nesterov for
review and suggestions.
Signed-off-by: Nippun Goel <nippung@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- Move capable() from sched.h to capability.h;
- Use <linux/capability.h> where capable() is used
(in include/, block/, ipc/, kernel/, a few drivers/,
mm/, security/, & sound/;
many more drivers/ to go)
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Uninline capable(). Saves 2K of kernel text on a generic .config, and 1K on a
tiny config. In addition it makes the use of capable more consistent between
CONFIG_SECURITY and !CONFIG_SECURITY
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Factor out common code for different RUSAGE_xxx cases.
Don't take ->sighand->siglock in RUSAGE_SELF case, suggested by Ravikiran G
Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
sys_setpgid() allows to change ->pgrp of ptraced childs.
'man setpgid' does not tell anything about that, so I consider
this behaviour is a bug.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Oren Laadan <orenl@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
setsid() does not work unless the calling process is a
thread_group_leader().
'man setpgid' does not tell anything about that, so I consider this
behaviour is a bug.
Signed-off-by: Oren Laadan <orenl@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
setpgid(0, pgid) or setpgid(forked_child_pid, pgid) does not work unless
the calling process is a thread_group_leader().
'man setpgid' does not tell anything about that, so I consider this
behaviour is a bug.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Oren Laadan <orenl@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The problem. It is expected that /sbin/halt -p works exactly like
/sbin/halt, when the kernel does not implement power off functionality.
The kernel can do a lot of work in the reboot notifiers and in
device_shutdown before we even get to machine_power_off. Some of that
shutdown is not safe if you are leaving the power on, and it definitely
gets in the way of using sysrq or pressing ctrl-alt-del. Since the
shutdown happens in generic code there is no way to fix this in
architecture specific code :(
Some machines are kernel oopsing today because of this.
The simple solution is to turn LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF into
LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT if power_off functionality is not implemented.
This has the unfortunate side effect of disabling the power off
functionality on architectures that leave pm_power_off to null and still
implement something in machine_power_off. And it will break the build on
some architectures that don't have a pm_power_off variable at all.
On both counts I say tough.
For architectures like alpha that don't implement the pm_power_off variable
pm_power_off is declared in linux/pm.h and it is a generic part of our
power management code, and all architectures should implement it.
For architectures like parisc that have a default power off method in
machine_power_off if pm_power_off is not implemented or fails. It is easy
enough to set the pm_power_off variable. And nothing bad happens there,
the machines just stop powering off.
The current semantics are impossible without a flag at the top level so we
can avoid the problem code if a power off is not implemented. pm_power_off
is as good a flag as any with the bonus that it works without modification
on at least x86, x86_64, powerpc, and ppc today.
Andrew can you pick this up and put this in the mm tree. Kernels that
don't compile or don't power off seem saner than kernels that oops or
panic. Until we get the arch specific patches for the problem
architectures this probably isn't smart to push into the stable kernel.
Unfortunately I don't have the time at the moment to walk through every
architecture and make them work. And even if I did I couldn't test it :(
From: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Add pm_power_off() for build fix of arch/m32r/kernel/process.c.
From: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
UML build fix
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Hayato Fujiwara <fujiwara@linux-m32r.org>
Signed-off-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4320
Signed-off-by: Alexey Starikovskiy <alexey.y.starikovskiy@intel.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
For Kprobes critical path is the path from debug break exception handler
till the control reaches kprobes exception code. No probes can be
supported in this path as we will end up in recursion.
This patch prevents this by moving the below function to safe __kprobes
section onto which no probes can be inserted.
Signed-off-by: Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I didn't find any possible modular usage in the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Convert to proper kernel-doc format.
Some have extra blank lines (not allowed immed. after the function name)
or need blank lines (after all parameters). Function summary must be only
one line.
Colon (":") in a function description does weird things (causes kernel-doc
to think that it's a new section head sadly).
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Various core kernel-doc cleanups:
- add missing function parameters in ipc, irq/manage, kernel/sys,
kernel/sysctl, and mm/slab;
- move description to just above function for kernel_restart()
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds a connector that reports fork, exec, id change, and exit
events for all processes to userspace. It replaces the fork_advisor patch
that ELSA is currently using. Applications that may find these events
useful include accounting/auditing (e.g. ELSA), system activity monitoring
(e.g. top), security, and resource management (e.g. CKRM).
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In the lead up to 2.6.13 I fixed a large number of reboot problems by
making the calling conventions consistent. Despite checking and double
checking my work it appears I missed an obvious one.
This first patch simply refactors the reboot routines so all of the
preparation for various kinds of reboots are in their own functions.
Making it very hard to get the various kinds of reboot out of sync.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2.6.13 incorporated Alan Cox's patch for /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable (one
version of this patch can be found here
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=109647550421014&w=2 ).
This patch also made corresponding changes in kernel/sys.c to change the
prctl() PR_SET_DUMPABLE operation so that the permitted range of 'arg2' was
modified from 0..1 to 0..2.
However, a corresponding change was not made for PR_GET_DUMPABLE: if the
dumpable flag is non-zero, then PR_GET_DUMPABLE always returns 1, so that
the caller can't determine the true setting of this flag.
Acked-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The patch removes a redundant variable `sig' from sys_prctl().
For some reason, when sys_prctl is called with option == PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
then the value of arg2 is assigned to an int variable named sig. Then sig
is tested with valid_signal() and later used to set the value of
current->pdeath_signal .
There is no reason to use this intermediate variable since valid_signal()
takes a unsigned long argument, so it can handle being passed arg2
directly, and if the call to valid_signal is OK, then we know the value of
arg2 is in the range zero to _NSIG and thus it'll easily fit in a plain int
and thus there's no problem assigning it later to current->pdeath_signal
(which is an int).
The patch gets rid of the pointless variable `sig'.
This reduces the size of kernel/sys.o in 2.6.13-rc6-mm1 by 32 bytes on my
system.
Patch has been compile tested, boot tested, and just to make damn sure I
didn't break anything I wrote a quick test app that calls
prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG ...) with the entire range of values for a
unsigned long, and it behaves as expected with and without the patch.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This removes the calls to device_suspend() from the shutdown path that
were added sometime during 2.6.13-rc*. They aren't working properly on
a number of configs (I got reports from both ppc powerbook users and x86
users) causing the system to not shutdown anymore.
I think it isn't the right approach at the moment anyway. We have
already a shutdown() callback for the drivers that actually care about
shutdown and the suspend() code isn't yet in a good enough shape to be
so much generalized. Also, the semantics of suspend and shutdown are
slightly different on a number of setups and the way this was patched in
provides little way for drivers to cleanly differenciate. It should
have been at least a different message.
For 2.6.13, I think we should revert to 2.6.12 behaviour and have a
working suspend back.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If device_suspend(PMSG_FREEZE) is not ready to be called in
kernel_restart it is definitely not ready to be called in the even more
fickle kernel_kexec.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
My fairly ordinary x86 test box gets stuck during reboot on the
wait_for_completion() in ide_do_drive_cmd():
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
When the kernel is working well and we want to restart cleanly
kernel_restart is the function to use. But in many instances
the kernel wants to reboot when thing are expected to be working
very badly such as from panic or a software watchdog handler.
This patch adds the function emergency_restart() so that
callers can be clear what semantics they expect when calling
restart. emergency_restart() is expected to be callable
from interrupt context and possibly reliable in even more
trying circumstances.
This is an initial generic implementation for all architectures.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It is obvious we wanted to call kernel_restart here
but since we don't have it the code was expanded inline and hasn't
been correct since sometime in 2.4.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Because the factors of sys_reboot don't exist people calling
into the reboot path duplicate the code badly, leading to
inconsistent expectations of code in the reboot path.
This patch should is just code motion.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In the recent addition of device_suspend calls into
sys_reboot two code paths were missed.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch introduces the architecture independent implementation the
sys_kexec_load, the compat_sys_kexec_load system calls.
Kexec on panic support has been integrated into the core patch and is
relatively clean.
In addition the hopefully architecture independent option
crashkernel=size@location has been docuemented. It's purpose is to reserve
space for the panic kernel to live, and where no DMA transfer will ever be
setup to access.
Signed-off-by: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Nyberg <alexn@telia.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Without this patch, Linux provokes emergency disk shutdowns and
similar nastiness. It was in SuSE kernels for some time, IIRC.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The attached patch makes the following changes:
(1) There's a new special key type called ".request_key_auth".
This is an authorisation key for when one process requests a key and
another process is started to construct it. This type of key cannot be
created by the user; nor can it be requested by kernel services.
Authorisation keys hold two references:
(a) Each refers to a key being constructed. When the key being
constructed is instantiated the authorisation key is revoked,
rendering it of no further use.
(b) The "authorising process". This is either:
(i) the process that called request_key(), or:
(ii) if the process that called request_key() itself had an
authorisation key in its session keyring, then the authorising
process referred to by that authorisation key will also be
referred to by the new authorisation key.
This means that the process that initiated a chain of key requests
will authorise the lot of them, and will, by default, wind up with
the keys obtained from them in its keyrings.
(2) request_key() creates an authorisation key which is then passed to
/sbin/request-key in as part of a new session keyring.
(3) When request_key() is searching for a key to hand back to the caller, if
it comes across an authorisation key in the session keyring of the
calling process, it will also search the keyrings of the process
specified therein and it will use the specified process's credentials
(fsuid, fsgid, groups) to do that rather than the calling process's
credentials.
This allows a process started by /sbin/request-key to find keys belonging
to the authorising process.
(4) A key can be read, even if the process executing KEYCTL_READ doesn't have
direct read or search permission if that key is contained within the
keyrings of a process specified by an authorisation key found within the
calling process's session keyring, and is searchable using the
credentials of the authorising process.
This allows a process started by /sbin/request-key to read keys belonging
to the authorising process.
(5) The magic KEY_SPEC_*_KEYRING key IDs when passed to KEYCTL_INSTANTIATE or
KEYCTL_NEGATE will specify a keyring of the authorising process, rather
than the process doing the instantiation.
(6) One of the process keyrings can be nominated as the default to which
request_key() should attach new keys if not otherwise specified. This is
done with KEYCTL_SET_REQKEY_KEYRING and one of the KEY_REQKEY_DEFL_*
constants. The current setting can also be read using this call.
(7) request_key() is partially interruptible. If it is waiting for another
process to finish constructing a key, it can be interrupted. This permits
a request-key cycle to be broken without recourse to rebooting.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-Off-By: Benoit Boissinot <benoit.boissinot@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Avoid taking the tasklist_lock in sys_times if the process is single
threaded. In a NUMA system taking the tasklist_lock may cause a bouncing
cacheline if multiple independent processes continually call sys_times to
measure their performance.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a new `suid_dumpable' sysctl:
This value can be used to query and set the core dump mode for setuid
or otherwise protected/tainted binaries. The modes are
0 - (default) - traditional behaviour. Any process which has changed
privilege levels or is execute only will not be dumped
1 - (debug) - all processes dump core when possible. The core dump is
owned by the current user and no security is applied. This is intended
for system debugging situations only. Ptrace is unchecked.
2 - (suidsafe) - any binary which normally would not be dumped is dumped
readable by root only. This allows the end user to remove such a dump but
not access it directly. For security reasons core dumps in this mode will
not overwrite one another or other files. This mode is appropriate when
adminstrators are attempting to debug problems in a normal environment.
(akpm:
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL(suid_dumpable);
>
> EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL?
No problem to me.
> > if (current->euid == current->uid && current->egid == current->gid)
> > current->mm->dumpable = 1;
>
> Should this be SUID_DUMP_USER?
Actually the feedback I had from last time was that the SUID_ defines
should go because its clearer to follow the numbers. They can go
everywhere (and there are lots of places where dumpable is tested/used
as a bool in untouched code)
> Maybe this should be renamed to `dump_policy' or something. Doing that
> would help us catch any code which isn't using the #defines, too.
Fair comment. The patch was designed to be easy to maintain for Red Hat
rather than for merging. Changing that field would create a gigantic
diff because it is used all over the place.
)
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As per http://www.nist.gov/dads/HTML/shellsort.html, this should be
referred to as a Shell sort. Shell-Metzner is a misnomer.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Dickman <didickman@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Convert most of the current code that uses _NSIG directly to instead use
valid_signal(). This avoids gcc -W warnings and off-by-one errors.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <juhl-lkml@dif.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a pair of rlimits for allowing non-root tasks to raise nice and rt
priorities. Defaults to traditional behavior. Originally written by
Chris Wright.
The patch implements a simple rlimit ceiling for the RT (and nice) priorities
a task can set. The rlimit defaults to 0, meaning no change in behavior by
default. A value of 50 means RT priority levels 1-50 are allowed. A value of
100 means all 99 privilege levels from 1 to 99 are allowed. CAP_SYS_NICE is
blanket permission.
(akpm: see http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0503.1/1921.html for
tips on integrating this with PAM).
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace a number of memory barriers with smp_ variants. This means we won't
take the unnecessary hit on UP machines.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
