make allmodconfig && make W=1 C=1 reports:
modpost: missing MODULE_DESCRIPTION() in drivers/block/brd.o
Add the missing invocation of the MODULE_DESCRIPTION() macro.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Johnson <quic_jjohnson@quicinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240602-md-block-brd-v1-1-e71338e131b6@quicinc.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Move the nowait flag into the queue_limits feature field so that it can
be set atomically with the queue frozen.
Stacking drivers are simplified in that they now can simply set the
flag, and blk_stack_limits will clear it when the features is not
supported by any of the underlying devices.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240617060532.127975-20-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Move the synchronous flag into the queue_limits feature field so that it
can be set atomically with the queue frozen.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240617060532.127975-19-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Move the nonrot flag into the queue_limits feature field so that it can
be set atomically with the queue frozen.
Use the chance to switch to defaulting to non-rotational and require
the driver to opt into rotational, which matches the polarity of the
sysfs interface.
For the z2ram, ps3vram, 2x memstick, ubiblock and dcssblk the new
rotational flag is not set as they clearly are not rotational despite
this being a behavior change. There are some other drivers that
unconditionally set the rotational flag to keep the existing behavior
as they arguably can be used on rotational devices even if that is
probably not their main use today (e.g. virtio_blk and drbd).
The flag is automatically inherited in blk_stack_limits matching the
existing behavior in dm and md.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240617060532.127975-15-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The ramdisk memory utilization can only go up when data is written to
new pages. Implement discard to provide the possibility to reduce memory
usage for pages no longer in use. Aligned discards will free the
associated pages, if any, and determinisitically return zeroed data
until written again.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240429102308.147627-1-kbusch@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
This debugging check will become more costly in the future when we shrink
struct page. It has not proven to be useful, so simply remove it.
This lets us use __xa_insert instead of __xa_cmpxchg() as we no longer
need to know about the page that is currently stored in the XArray.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240315181212.2573753-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Pass the queue limits directly to blk_alloc_disk instead of setting them
one at a time.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240215071055.2201424-4-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Pass a queue_limits to blk_alloc_disk and apply it if non-NULL. This
will allow allocating queues with valid queue limits instead of setting
the values one at a time later.
Also change blk_alloc_disk to return an ERR_PTR instead of just NULL
which can't distinguish errors.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240215071055.2201424-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The body of the loop is run without RCU lock held. Use the regular
cond_resched() instead of cond_resched_rcu().
Fixes: 786bb02458 ("brd: use XArray instead of radix-tree to index backing pages")
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230614133538.1279369-1-p.raghav@samsung.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
XArray was introduced to hold large array of pointers with a simple API.
XArray API also provides array semantics which simplifies the way we store
and access the backing pages, and the code becomes significantly easier
to understand.
No performance difference was noticed between the two implementation
using fio with direct=1 [1].
[1] Performance in KIOPS:
| radix-tree | XArray | Diff
| | |
write | 315 | 313 | -0.6%
randwrite | 286 | 290 | +1.3%
read | 330 | 335 | +1.5%
randread | 309 | 312 | +0.9%
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230511121544.111648-1-p.raghav@samsung.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
QUEUE_FLAG_ADD_RANDOM is not set before we clear it for "null_blk",
"brd", "nbd", "zram", and "bcache" since by default we don't set
"QUEUE_FLAG_ADD_RANDOM" to MQ ops.
Remove dead clear of QUEUE_FLAG_ADD_RANDOM in above listed drivers.
Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org> #zram
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230424234628.45544-2-kch@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
F_SEAL_EXEC") which permits the setting of the memfd execute bit at
memfd creation time, with the option of sealing the state of the X bit.
- Peter Xu adds a patch series ("mm/hugetlb: Make huge_pte_offset()
thread-safe for pmd unshare") which addresses a rare race condition
related to PMD unsharing.
- Several folioification patch serieses from Matthew Wilcox, Vishal
Moola, Sidhartha Kumar and Lorenzo Stoakes
- Johannes Weiner has a series ("mm: push down lock_page_memcg()") which
does perform some memcg maintenance and cleanup work.
- SeongJae Park has added DAMOS filtering to DAMON, with the series
"mm/damon/core: implement damos filter". These filters provide users
with finer-grained control over DAMOS's actions. SeongJae has also done
some DAMON cleanup work.
- Kairui Song adds a series ("Clean up and fixes for swap").
- Vernon Yang contributed the series "Clean up and refinement for maple
tree".
- Yu Zhao has contributed the "mm: multi-gen LRU: memcg LRU" series. It
adds to MGLRU an LRU of memcgs, to improve the scalability of global
reclaim.
- David Hildenbrand has added some userfaultfd cleanup work in the
series "mm: uffd-wp + change_protection() cleanups".
- Christoph Hellwig has removed the generic_writepages() library
function in the series "remove generic_writepages".
- Baolin Wang has performed some maintenance on the compaction code in
his series "Some small improvements for compaction".
- Sidhartha Kumar is doing some maintenance work on struct page in his
series "Get rid of tail page fields".
- David Hildenbrand contributed some cleanup, bugfixing and
generalization of pte management and of pte debugging in his series "mm:
support __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE on all architectures with swap
PTEs".
- Mel Gorman and Neil Brown have removed the __GFP_ATOMIC allocation
flag in the series "Discard __GFP_ATOMIC".
- Sergey Senozhatsky has improved zsmalloc's memory utilization with his
series "zsmalloc: make zspage chain size configurable".
- Joey Gouly has added prctl() support for prohibiting the creation of
writeable+executable mappings. The previous BPF-based approach had
shortcomings. See "mm: In-kernel support for memory-deny-write-execute
(MDWE)".
- Waiman Long did some kmemleak cleanup and bugfixing in the series
"mm/kmemleak: Simplify kmemleak_cond_resched() & fix UAF".
- T.J. Alumbaugh has contributed some MGLRU cleanup work in his series
"mm: multi-gen LRU: improve".
- Jiaqi Yan has provided some enhancements to our memory error
statistics reporting, mainly by presenting the statistics on a per-node
basis. See the series "Introduce per NUMA node memory error
statistics".
- Mel Gorman has a second and hopefully final shot at fixing a CPU-hog
regression in compaction via his series "Fix excessive CPU usage during
compaction".
- Christoph Hellwig does some vmalloc maintenance work in the series
"cleanup vfree and vunmap".
- Christoph Hellwig has removed block_device_operations.rw_page() in ths
series "remove ->rw_page".
- We get some maple_tree improvements and cleanups in Liam Howlett's
series "VMA tree type safety and remove __vma_adjust()".
- Suren Baghdasaryan has done some work on the maintainability of our
vm_flags handling in the series "introduce vm_flags modifier functions".
- Some pagemap cleanup and generalization work in Mike Rapoport's series
"mm, arch: add generic implementation of pfn_valid() for FLATMEM" and
"fixups for generic implementation of pfn_valid()"
- Baoquan He has done some work to make /proc/vmallocinfo and
/proc/kcore better represent the real state of things in his series
"mm/vmalloc.c: allow vread() to read out vm_map_ram areas".
- Jason Gunthorpe rationalized the GUP system's interface to the rest of
the kernel in the series "Simplify the external interface for GUP".
- SeongJae Park wishes to migrate people from DAMON's debugfs interface
over to its sysfs interface. To support this, we'll temporarily be
printing warnings when people use the debugfs interface. See the series
"mm/damon: deprecate DAMON debugfs interface".
- Andrey Konovalov provided the accurately named "lib/stackdepot: fixes
and clean-ups" series.
- Huang Ying has provided a dramatic reduction in migration's TLB flush
IPI rates with the series "migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing".
- Arnd Bergmann has some objtool fixups in "objtool warning fixes".
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Merge tag 'mm-stable-2023-02-20-13-37' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- Daniel Verkamp has contributed a memfd series ("mm/memfd: add
F_SEAL_EXEC") which permits the setting of the memfd execute bit at
memfd creation time, with the option of sealing the state of the X
bit.
- Peter Xu adds a patch series ("mm/hugetlb: Make huge_pte_offset()
thread-safe for pmd unshare") which addresses a rare race condition
related to PMD unsharing.
- Several folioification patch serieses from Matthew Wilcox, Vishal
Moola, Sidhartha Kumar and Lorenzo Stoakes
- Johannes Weiner has a series ("mm: push down lock_page_memcg()")
which does perform some memcg maintenance and cleanup work.
- SeongJae Park has added DAMOS filtering to DAMON, with the series
"mm/damon/core: implement damos filter".
These filters provide users with finer-grained control over DAMOS's
actions. SeongJae has also done some DAMON cleanup work.
- Kairui Song adds a series ("Clean up and fixes for swap").
- Vernon Yang contributed the series "Clean up and refinement for maple
tree".
- Yu Zhao has contributed the "mm: multi-gen LRU: memcg LRU" series. It
adds to MGLRU an LRU of memcgs, to improve the scalability of global
reclaim.
- David Hildenbrand has added some userfaultfd cleanup work in the
series "mm: uffd-wp + change_protection() cleanups".
- Christoph Hellwig has removed the generic_writepages() library
function in the series "remove generic_writepages".
- Baolin Wang has performed some maintenance on the compaction code in
his series "Some small improvements for compaction".
- Sidhartha Kumar is doing some maintenance work on struct page in his
series "Get rid of tail page fields".
- David Hildenbrand contributed some cleanup, bugfixing and
generalization of pte management and of pte debugging in his series
"mm: support __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE on all architectures with
swap PTEs".
- Mel Gorman and Neil Brown have removed the __GFP_ATOMIC allocation
flag in the series "Discard __GFP_ATOMIC".
- Sergey Senozhatsky has improved zsmalloc's memory utilization with
his series "zsmalloc: make zspage chain size configurable".
- Joey Gouly has added prctl() support for prohibiting the creation of
writeable+executable mappings.
The previous BPF-based approach had shortcomings. See "mm: In-kernel
support for memory-deny-write-execute (MDWE)".
- Waiman Long did some kmemleak cleanup and bugfixing in the series
"mm/kmemleak: Simplify kmemleak_cond_resched() & fix UAF".
- T.J. Alumbaugh has contributed some MGLRU cleanup work in his series
"mm: multi-gen LRU: improve".
- Jiaqi Yan has provided some enhancements to our memory error
statistics reporting, mainly by presenting the statistics on a
per-node basis. See the series "Introduce per NUMA node memory error
statistics".
- Mel Gorman has a second and hopefully final shot at fixing a CPU-hog
regression in compaction via his series "Fix excessive CPU usage
during compaction".
- Christoph Hellwig does some vmalloc maintenance work in the series
"cleanup vfree and vunmap".
- Christoph Hellwig has removed block_device_operations.rw_page() in
ths series "remove ->rw_page".
- We get some maple_tree improvements and cleanups in Liam Howlett's
series "VMA tree type safety and remove __vma_adjust()".
- Suren Baghdasaryan has done some work on the maintainability of our
vm_flags handling in the series "introduce vm_flags modifier
functions".
- Some pagemap cleanup and generalization work in Mike Rapoport's
series "mm, arch: add generic implementation of pfn_valid() for
FLATMEM" and "fixups for generic implementation of pfn_valid()"
- Baoquan He has done some work to make /proc/vmallocinfo and
/proc/kcore better represent the real state of things in his series
"mm/vmalloc.c: allow vread() to read out vm_map_ram areas".
- Jason Gunthorpe rationalized the GUP system's interface to the rest
of the kernel in the series "Simplify the external interface for
GUP".
- SeongJae Park wishes to migrate people from DAMON's debugfs interface
over to its sysfs interface. To support this, we'll temporarily be
printing warnings when people use the debugfs interface. See the
series "mm/damon: deprecate DAMON debugfs interface".
- Andrey Konovalov provided the accurately named "lib/stackdepot: fixes
and clean-ups" series.
- Huang Ying has provided a dramatic reduction in migration's TLB flush
IPI rates with the series "migrate_pages(): batch TLB flushing".
- Arnd Bergmann has some objtool fixups in "objtool warning fixes".
* tag 'mm-stable-2023-02-20-13-37' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (505 commits)
include/linux/migrate.h: remove unneeded externs
mm/memory_hotplug: cleanup return value handing in do_migrate_range()
mm/uffd: fix comment in handling pte markers
mm: change to return bool for isolate_movable_page()
mm: hugetlb: change to return bool for isolate_hugetlb()
mm: change to return bool for isolate_lru_page()
mm: change to return bool for folio_isolate_lru()
objtool: add UACCESS exceptions for __tsan_volatile_read/write
kmsan: disable ftrace in kmsan core code
kasan: mark addr_has_metadata __always_inline
mm: memcontrol: rename memcg_kmem_enabled()
sh: initialize max_mapnr
m68k/nommu: add missing definition of ARCH_PFN_OFFSET
mm: percpu: fix incorrect size in pcpu_obj_full_size()
maple_tree: reduce stack usage with gcc-9 and earlier
mm: page_alloc: call panic() when memoryless node allocation fails
mm: multi-gen LRU: avoid futile retries
migrate_pages: move THP/hugetlb migration support check to simplify code
migrate_pages: batch flushing TLB
migrate_pages: share more code between _unmap and _move
...
Unconditionally calling radix_tree_preload_end() results in a OOPS
message as the preload is only conditionally called for
gfpflags_allow_blocking().
[ 20.267323] BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: fio/416
[ 20.267837] caller is brd_insert_page.part.0+0xbe/0x190 [brd]
[ 20.269436] Call Trace:
[ 20.269598] <TASK>
[ 20.269742] dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50
[ 20.269982] check_preemption_disabled+0xd1/0xe0
[ 20.270289] brd_insert_page.part.0+0xbe/0x190 [brd]
[ 20.270664] brd_submit_bio+0x33f/0xf40 [brd]
Use radix_tree_maybe_preload() which does preload only if
gfpflags_allow_blocking() is true but also takes the lock. Therefore,
unconditionally calling radix_tree_preload_end() should not create any
issues and the message disappears.
Fixes: 6ded703c56 ("brd: check for REQ_NOWAIT and set correct page allocation mask")
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230217121442.33914-1-p.raghav@samsung.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
By default, non-mq drivers do not support nowait. This causes io_uring
to use a slower path as the driver cannot be trust not to block. brd
can safely set the nowait flag, as worst case all it does is a NOIO
allocation.
For io_uring, this makes a substantial difference. Before:
submitter=0, tid=453, file=/dev/ram0, node=-1
polled=0, fixedbufs=1/0, register_files=1, buffered=0, QD=128
Engine=io_uring, sq_ring=128, cq_ring=128
IOPS=440.03K, BW=1718MiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
IOPS=428.96K, BW=1675MiB/s, IOS/call=32/32
IOPS=442.59K, BW=1728MiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
IOPS=419.65K, BW=1639MiB/s, IOS/call=32/32
IOPS=426.82K, BW=1667MiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
and after:
submitter=0, tid=354, file=/dev/ram0, node=-1
polled=0, fixedbufs=1/0, register_files=1, buffered=0, QD=128
Engine=io_uring, sq_ring=128, cq_ring=128
IOPS=3.37M, BW=13.15GiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
IOPS=3.45M, BW=13.46GiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
IOPS=3.43M, BW=13.42GiB/s, IOS/call=32/32
IOPS=3.43M, BW=13.39GiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
IOPS=3.43M, BW=13.38GiB/s, IOS/call=32/31
or about an 8x in difference. Now that brd is prepared to deal with
REQ_NOWAIT reads/writes, mark it as supporting that.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.10+
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/20230203103005.31290-1-p.raghav@samsung.com/
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
If REQ_NOWAIT is set, then do a non-blocking allocation if the operation
is a write and we need to insert a new page. Currently REQ_NOWAIT cannot
be set as the queue isn't marked as supporting nowait, this change is in
preparation for allowing that.
radix_tree_preload() warns on attempting to call it with an allocation
mask that doesn't allow blocking. While that warning could arguably
be removed, we need to handle radix insertion failures anyway as they
are more likely if we cannot block to get memory.
Remove legacy BUG_ON()'s and turn them into proper errors instead, one
for the allocation failure and one for finding a page that doesn't
match the correct index.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.10+
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
It currently returns a page, but callers just check for NULL/page to
gauge success. Clean this up and return the appropriate error directly
instead.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.10+
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The ->rw_page method is a special purpose bypass of the usual bio handling
path that is limited to single-page reads and writes and synchronous which
causes a lot of extra code in the drivers, callers and the block layer.
The only remaining user is the MM swap code. Switch that swap code to
simply submit a single-vec on-stack bio an synchronously wait on it based
on a newly added QUEUE_FLAG_SYNCHRONOUS flag set by the drivers that
currently implement ->rw_page instead. While this touches one extra cache
line and executes extra code, it simplifies the block layer and drivers
and ensures that all feastures are properly supported by all drivers, e.g.
right now ->rw_page bypassed cgroup writeback entirely.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment typo, per Dan]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230125133436.447864-8-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Cc: Ira Weiny <ira.weiny@intel.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Improve static type checking by using the enum req_op type for a
function argument that represents a request operation.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220714180729.1065367-13-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
All .rw_page() callers pass an enum req_op value as last argument. Make
this explicit by changing the type of the last argument into enum req_op.
See also commit 3f289dcb4b ("block: make bdev_ops->rw_page() take a
REQ_OP instead of bool").
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220714180729.1065367-4-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
blk_cleanup_disk is nothing but a trivial wrapper for put_disk now,
so remove it.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220619060552.1850436-7-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
If brd_alloc() from brd_probe() is called before brd_alloc() from
brd_init() is called, module loading will fail with -EEXIST error.
To close this race, call __register_blkdev() just before leaving
brd_init().
Then, we can remove brd_devices_mutex mutex, for brd_device list
will no longer be accessed concurrently.
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/6b074af7-c165-4fab-b7da-8270a4f6f6cd@i-love.sakura.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
All modern drivers can support extra partitions using the extended
dev_t. In fact except for the ioctl method drivers never even see
partitions in normal operation.
So remove the GENHD_FL_EXT_DEVT and allow extra partitions for all
block devices that do support partitions, and require those that
do not support partitions to explicit disallow them using
GENHD_FL_NO_PART.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211122130625.1136848-12-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
We never checked for errors on add_disk() as this function
returned void. Now that this is fixed, use the shiny new
error handling.
Signed-off-by: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211015235219.2191207-2-mcgrof@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Replace the blk_poll interface that requires the caller to keep a queue
and cookie from the submissions with polling based on the bio.
Polling for the bio itself leads to a few advantages:
- the cookie construction can made entirely private in blk-mq.c
- the caller does not need to remember the request_queue and cookie
separately and thus sidesteps their lifetime issues
- keeping the device and the cookie inside the bio allows to trivially
support polling BIOs remapping by stacking drivers
- a lot of code to propagate the cookie back up the submission path can
be removed entirely.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Tested-by: Mark Wunderlich <mark.wunderlich@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211012111226.760968-15-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
As with commit 8b52d8be86 ("loop: reorder loop_exit"),
unregister_blkdev() needs to be called first in order to avoid calling
brd_alloc() from brd_probe() after brd_del_one() from brd_exit(). Then,
we can avoid holding global mutex during add_disk()/del_gendisk() as with
commit 1c500ad706 ("loop: reduce the loop_ctl_mutex scope").
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e205f13d-18ff-a49c-0988-7de6ea5ff823@i-love.sakura.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Convert the brd driver to use the blk_alloc_disk and blk_cleanup_disk
helpers to simplify gendisk and request_queue allocation. This also
allows to remove the request_queue pointer in struct request_queue,
and to simplify the initialization as blk_cleanup_disk can be called
on any disk returned from blk_alloc_disk.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210521055116.1053587-7-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
My UEK-derived config has 1030 files depending on pagemap.h before this
change. Afterwards, just 326 files need to be rebuilt when I touch
pagemap.h. I think blkdev.h is probably included too widely, but
untangling that dependency is harder and this solves my problem. x86
allmodconfig builds, but there may be implicit include problems on other
architectures.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210309195747.283796-1-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> [nvdimm]
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> [block]
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Coly Li <colyli@suse.de> [bcache]
Acked-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> [scsi]
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While the maximum size of each ramdisk is defined either as a module
parameter, or compile time default, it's impossible to know how many pages
have currently been allocated by each ram%d device, since they're
allocated when used and never freed.
This patch creates a new directory at this location:
/sys/kernel/debug/ramdisk_pages/
which will contain a file named "ram%d" for each instantiated ramdisk on
the system. The file is read-only, and read() will output the number of
pages currently held by that ramdisk.
We lose track how much memory a ramdisk is using as pages once used are
simply recycled but never freed.
In instances where we exhaust the size of the ramdisk with a file that
exceeds it, encounter ENOSPC and delete the file for mitigation; df would
show decrease in used and increase in available blocks but the since we
have touched all pages, the memory footprint of the ramdisk does not
reflect the blocks used/available count
...
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/ram15
mke2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Creating filesystem with 4096 1k blocks and 1024 inodes
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/ram15 /mnt/ram15/
[root@localhost ~]# cat
/sys/kernel/debug/ramdisk_pages/ram15
58
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 ~]# df /dev/ram15
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/ram15 3963 31 3728 1% /mnt/ram15
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 ~]# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mnt/ram15/test2
bs=1M count=5
dd: error writing '/mnt/ram15/test2': No space left on device
4+0 records in
3+0 records out
4005888 bytes (4.0 MB, 3.8 MiB) copied, 0.0446614 s, 89.7 MB/s
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 ~]# df /mnt/ram15/
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/ram15 3963 3960 0 100% /mnt/ram15
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 ~]# cat
/sys/kernel/debug/ramdisk_pages/ram15
1024
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 ~]# rm /mnt/ram15/test2
rm: remove regular file '/mnt/ram15/test2'? y
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 /var]# df /dev/ram15
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/ram15 3963 31 3728 1% /mnt/ram15
# Acutal memory footprint
[root@kerneltest008.06.prn3 /var]# cat
/sys/kernel/debug/ramdisk_pages/ram15
1024
...
This debugfs counter will always reveal the accurate number of
permanently allocated pages to the ramdisk.
Signed-off-by: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
[cleaned up the !CONFIG_DEBUG_FS case and API changes for HEAD]
Signed-off-by: Kyle McMartin <jkkm@fb.com>
[rebased]
Signed-off-by: Saravanan D <saravanand@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Replace the gendisk pointer in struct bio with a pointer to the newly
improved struct block device. From that the gendisk can be trivially
accessed with an extra indirection, but it also allows to directly
look up all information related to partition remapping.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The block layer already checks for this conditions in bio_check_eod
before calling the driver.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Use the simpler mechanism attached to major_name to allocate a brd device
when a currently unregistered minor is accessed.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO is only checked in the swap code, and used to
decided if ->rw_page can be used on a block device. Just check up for
the method instead. The only complication is that zram needs a second
set of block_device_operations as it can switch between modes that
actually support ->rw_page and those who don't.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
The make_request_fn is a little weird in that it sits directly in
struct request_queue instead of an operation vector. Replace it with
a block_device_operations method called submit_bio (which describes much
better what it does). Also remove the request_queue argument to it, as
the queue can be derived pretty trivially from the bio.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Current make_request based drivers use either blk_alloc_queue_node or
blk_alloc_queue to allocate a queue, and then set up the make_request_fn
function pointer and a few parameters using the blk_queue_make_request
helper. Simplify this by passing the make_request pointer to
blk_alloc_queue, and while at it merge the _node variant into the main
helper by always passing a node_id, and remove the superfluous gfp_mask
parameter. A lower-level __blk_alloc_queue is kept for the blk-mq case.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
In brd_init func, rd_nr num of brd_device are firstly allocated
and add in brd_devices, then brd_devices are traversed to add each
brd_device by calling add_disk func. When allocating brd_device,
the disk->first_minor is set to i * max_part, if rd_nr * max_part
is larger than MINORMASK, two different brd_device may have the same
devt, then only one of them can be successfully added.
when rmmod brd.ko, it will cause oops when calling brd_exit.
Follow those steps:
# modprobe brd rd_nr=3 rd_size=102400 max_part=1048576
# rmmod brd
then, the oops will appear.
Oops log:
[ 726.613722] Call trace:
[ 726.614175] kernfs_find_ns+0x24/0x130
[ 726.614852] kernfs_find_and_get_ns+0x44/0x68
[ 726.615749] sysfs_remove_group+0x38/0xb0
[ 726.616520] blk_trace_remove_sysfs+0x1c/0x28
[ 726.617320] blk_unregister_queue+0x98/0x100
[ 726.618105] del_gendisk+0x144/0x2b8
[ 726.618759] brd_exit+0x68/0x560 [brd]
[ 726.619501] __arm64_sys_delete_module+0x19c/0x2a0
[ 726.620384] el0_svc_common+0x78/0x130
[ 726.621057] el0_svc_handler+0x38/0x78
[ 726.621738] el0_svc+0x8/0xc
[ 726.622259] Code: aa0203f6 aa0103f7 aa1e03e0 d503201f (7940e260)
Here, we add brd_check_and_reset_par func to check and limit max_part par.
--
V5->V6:
- remove useless code
V4->V5:(suggested by Ming Lei)
- make sure max_part is not larger than DISK_MAX_PARTS
V3->V4:(suggested by Ming Lei)
- remove useless change
- add one limit of max_part
V2->V3: (suggested by Ming Lei)
- clear .minors when running out of consecutive minor space in brd_alloc
- remove limit of rd_nr
V1->V2:
- add more checks in brd_check_par_valid as suggested by Ming Lei.
Signed-off-by: Zhiqiang Liu <liuzhiqiang26@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Queue dma alignment limit requires users(fs, target, ...) of block layer
to pass aligned buffer.
So far brd doesn't support un-aligned buffer, even though it is easy
to support it.
However, given brd is often used for debug purpose, and there are other
drivers which can't support un-aligned buffer too.
So add warning so that brd users know what to fix.
Reported-by: Stephen Rust <srust@blockbridge.com>
Cc: Stephen Rust <srust@blockbridge.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Now we depend on blk_queue_split() to respect most of queue limit
(the only one exception could be dma alignment), however
blk_queue_split() isn't used for brd, so this limit isn't respected
since v4.3.
Also max_hw_sectors limit doesn't play a big role for brd, which is
added since brd is added to tree for unknown reason.
So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Add SPDX license identifiers to all files which:
- Have no license information of any form
- Have MODULE_LICENCE("GPL*") inside which was used in the initial
scan/conversion to ignore the file
These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX
license identifier is:
GPL-2.0-only
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The loop that frees all the pages can take unbounded amount of time, so
add cond_resched() to it.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
__GFP_HIGHMEM is disabled if dax is enabled on brd, however
dax support for brd has been removed since commit (7a862fbbde
"brd: remove dax support"), so restore __GFP_HIGHMEM in
brd_insert_page().
Also remove the no longer applicable comments about DAX and highmem.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 7a862fbbde ("brd: remove dax support")
Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
brd_free() may be called in failure path on one brd instance which
disk isn't added yet, so release handler of gendisk may free the
associated request_queue early and causes the following use-after-free[1].
This patch fixes this issue by associating gendisk with request_queue
just before adding disk.
[1] KASAN: use-after-free Read in del_timer_syncNon-volatile memory driver v1.3
Linux agpgart interface v0.103
[drm] Initialized vgem 1.0.0 20120112 for virtual device on minor 0
usbcore: registered new interface driver udl
==================================================================
BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in __lock_acquire+0x36d9/0x4c20
kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3218
Read of size 8 at addr ffff8801d1b6b540 by task swapper/0/1
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.19.0+ #88
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS
Google 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline]
dump_stack+0x244/0x39d lib/dump_stack.c:113
print_address_description.cold.7+0x9/0x1ff mm/kasan/report.c:256
kasan_report_error mm/kasan/report.c:354 [inline]
kasan_report.cold.8+0x242/0x309 mm/kasan/report.c:412
__asan_report_load8_noabort+0x14/0x20 mm/kasan/report.c:433
__lock_acquire+0x36d9/0x4c20 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3218
lock_acquire+0x1ed/0x520 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3844
del_timer_sync+0xb7/0x270 kernel/time/timer.c:1283
blk_cleanup_queue+0x413/0x710 block/blk-core.c:809
brd_free+0x5d/0x71 drivers/block/brd.c:422
brd_init+0x2eb/0x393 drivers/block/brd.c:518
do_one_initcall+0x145/0x957 init/main.c:890
do_initcall_level init/main.c:958 [inline]
do_initcalls init/main.c:966 [inline]
do_basic_setup init/main.c:984 [inline]
kernel_init_freeable+0x5c6/0x6b9 init/main.c:1148
kernel_init+0x11/0x1ae init/main.c:1068
ret_from_fork+0x3a/0x50 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:350
Reported-by: syzbot+3701447012fe951dabb2@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
c11f0c0b5b ("block/mm: make bdev_ops->rw_page() take a bool for
read/write") replaced @op with boolean @is_write, which limited the
amount of information going into ->rw_page() and more importantly
page_endio(), which removed the need to expose block internals to mm.
Unfortunately, we want to track discards separately and @is_write
isn't enough information. This patch updates bdev_ops->rw_page() to
take REQ_OP instead but leaves page_endio() to take bool @is_write.
This allows the block part of operations to have enough information
while not leaking it to mm.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Christie <mchristi@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Convert the S_<FOO> symbolic permissions to their octal equivalents as
using octal and not symbolic permissions is preferred by many as more
readable.
see: https://lkml.org/lkml/2016/8/2/1945
Done with automated conversion via:
$ ./scripts/checkpatch.pl -f --types=SYMBOLIC_PERMS --fix-inplace <files...>
Miscellanea:
o Wrapped modified multi-line calls to a single line where appropriate
o Realign modified multi-line calls to open parenthesis
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
This commit sets QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT and clears up QUEUE_FLAG_ADD_RANDOM
to mark the ramdisks as non-rotational device.
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj38.park@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
It happens often while I'm preparing a patch for a block driver that
I'm wondering: is a definition of SECTOR_SIZE and/or SECTOR_SHIFT
available for this driver? Do I have to introduce definitions of these
constants before I can use these constants? To avoid this confusion,
move the existing definitions of SECTOR_SIZE and SECTOR_SHIFT into the
<linux/blkdev.h> header file such that these become available for all
block drivers. Make the SECTOR_SIZE definition in the uapi msdos_fs.h
header file conditional to avoid that including that header file after
<linux/blkdev.h> causes the compiler to complain about a SECTOR_SIZE
redefinition.
Note: the SECTOR_SIZE / SECTOR_SHIFT / SECTOR_BITS definitions have
not been removed from uapi header files nor from NAND drivers in
which these constants are used for another purpose than converting
block layer offsets and sizes into a number of sectors.
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Rename get_disk() to get_disk_and_module() to make sure what the
function does. It's not a great name but at least it is now clear that
put_disk() is not it's counterpart.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
* Introduce MAP_SYNC and MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, a mechanism to enable
'userspace flush' of persistent memory updates via filesystem-dax
mappings. It arranges for any filesystem metadata updates that may be
required to satisfy a write fault to also be flushed ("on disk") before
the kernel returns to userspace from the fault handler. Effectively
every write-fault that dirties metadata completes an fsync() before
returning from the fault handler. The new MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE mapping
type guarantees that the MAP_SYNC flag is validated as supported by the
filesystem's ->mmap() file operation.
* Add support for the standard ACPI 6.2 label access methods that
replace the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL (vendor specific) label methods. This
enables interoperability with environments that only implement the
standardized methods.
* Add support for the ACPI 6.2 NVDIMM media error injection methods.
* Add support for the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL v1.6 DIMM commands for latch
last shutdown status, firmware update, SMART error injection, and
SMART alarm threshold control.
* Cleanup physical address information disclosures to be root-only.
* Fix revalidation of the DIMM "locked label area" status to support
dynamic unlock of the label area.
* Expand unit test infrastructure to mock the ACPI 6.2 Translate SPA
(system-physical-address) command and error injection commands.
Acknowledgements that came after the commits were pushed to -next:
957ac8c421 dax: fix PMD faults on zero-length files
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
a39e596baa xfs: support for synchronous DAX faults
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
7b565c9f96 xfs: Implement xfs_filemap_pfn_mkwrite() using __xfs_filemap_fault()
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
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Merge tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm
Pull libnvdimm and dax updates from Dan Williams:
"Save for a few late fixes, all of these commits have shipped in -next
releases since before the merge window opened, and 0day has given a
build success notification.
The ext4 touches came from Jan, and the xfs touches have Darrick's
reviewed-by. An xfstest for the MAP_SYNC feature has been through
a few round of reviews and is on track to be merged.
- Introduce MAP_SYNC and MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE, a mechanism to enable
'userspace flush' of persistent memory updates via filesystem-dax
mappings. It arranges for any filesystem metadata updates that may
be required to satisfy a write fault to also be flushed ("on disk")
before the kernel returns to userspace from the fault handler.
Effectively every write-fault that dirties metadata completes an
fsync() before returning from the fault handler. The new
MAP_SHARED_VALIDATE mapping type guarantees that the MAP_SYNC flag
is validated as supported by the filesystem's ->mmap() file
operation.
- Add support for the standard ACPI 6.2 label access methods that
replace the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL (vendor specific) label methods.
This enables interoperability with environments that only implement
the standardized methods.
- Add support for the ACPI 6.2 NVDIMM media error injection methods.
- Add support for the NVDIMM_FAMILY_INTEL v1.6 DIMM commands for
latch last shutdown status, firmware update, SMART error injection,
and SMART alarm threshold control.
- Cleanup physical address information disclosures to be root-only.
- Fix revalidation of the DIMM "locked label area" status to support
dynamic unlock of the label area.
- Expand unit test infrastructure to mock the ACPI 6.2 Translate SPA
(system-physical-address) command and error injection commands.
Acknowledgements that came after the commits were pushed to -next:
- 957ac8c421 ("dax: fix PMD faults on zero-length files"):
Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
- a39e596baa ("xfs: support for synchronous DAX faults") and
7b565c9f96 ("xfs: Implement xfs_filemap_pfn_mkwrite() using __xfs_filemap_fault()")
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>"
* tag 'libnvdimm-for-4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm: (49 commits)
acpi, nfit: add 'Enable Latch System Shutdown Status' command support
dax: fix general protection fault in dax_alloc_inode
dax: fix PMD faults on zero-length files
dax: stop requiring a live device for dax_flush()
brd: remove dax support
dax: quiet bdev_dax_supported()
fs, dax: unify IOMAP_F_DIRTY read vs write handling policy in the dax core
tools/testing/nvdimm: unit test clear-error commands
acpi, nfit: validate commands against the device type
tools/testing/nvdimm: stricter bounds checking for error injection commands
xfs: support for synchronous DAX faults
xfs: Implement xfs_filemap_pfn_mkwrite() using __xfs_filemap_fault()
ext4: Support for synchronous DAX faults
ext4: Simplify error handling in ext4_dax_huge_fault()
dax: Implement dax_finish_sync_fault()
dax, iomap: Add support for synchronous faults
mm: Define MAP_SYNC and VM_SYNC flags
dax: Allow tuning whether dax_insert_mapping_entry() dirties entry
dax: Allow dax_iomap_fault() to return pfn
dax: Fix comment describing dax_iomap_fault()
...
As discussed at
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/<20170728165604.10455-1-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
someday we will remove rw_page(). If so, we need something to detect
such super-fast storage on which synchronous IO operations like the
current rw_page are always a win.
Introduces BDI_CAP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO to indicate such devices. With it, we
could use various optimization techniques.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1505886205-9671-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
