Since pci_bus has a struct device, use dev_printk directly instead
of faking it by hand.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The VPD on all devices may not be 32K. Unfortunately, there is no
generic way to find the size, so this adds a simple API hook
to reset it.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Change PCI VPD API which was only used by sysfs to something usable
in drivers.
* move iteration over multiple words to the low level
* use conventional types for arguments
* add exportable wrapper
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Accessing the VPD area can take a long time. The existing
VPD access code fails consistently on my hardware. There are comments
in the SysKonnect vendor driver that it can take up to 13ms per word.
Change the access routines to:
* use a mutex rather than spinning with IRQ's disabled and lock held
* have a much longer timeout
* call cond_resched while spinning
Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch adds pci_common_swizzle(), which swizzles INTx values all the
way up to a root bridge.
This common implementation can replace several architecture-specific
ones. This should someday be combined with pci_get_interrupt_pin(),
but I left it separate for now to make reviewing easier.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Some ACPI related PCI hotplug code can be shared among PCI hotplug
drivers. This patch introduces the following functions in
drivers/pci/hotplug/acpi_pcihp.c to share the code, and changes
acpiphp and pciehp to use them.
- int acpi_pci_detect_ejectable(struct pci_bus *pbus)
This checks if the specified PCI bus has ejectable slots.
- int acpi_pci_check_ejectable(struct pci_bus *pbus, acpi_handle handle)
This checks if the specified handle is ejectable ACPI PCI slot. The
'pbus' parameter is needed to check if 'handle' is PCI related ACPI
object.
This patch also introduces the following inline function in
include/linux/pci-acpi.h, which is useful to get ACPI handle of the
PCI bridge from struct pci_bus of the bridge's secondary bus.
- static inline acpi_handle acpi_pci_get_bridge_handle(struct pci_bus *pbus)
This returns ACPI handle of the PCI bridge which generates PCI bus
specified by 'pbus'.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
ACPI based hot-pluggable PCIe slot detection logic was added to
prevent the problem non hot-pluggable PCIe slot was detected as
hot-pluggable. The slot detection logic can be selected through
'pciehp_detect_mode', but it would be better if it is selected
automatically.
This patch adds 'auto' option for 'pciehp_detect_mode'. When it is
specified, pciehp judges which 'acpi' or 'pcie' should be used. It
seems that the physical slot number is duplicated among some slots on
most of the platforms with the above-mentioned problem. So 'auto' mode
uses this information to judge which 'acpi' or 'pcie' should be
used. That is, if duplicated physical slot numbers are detected,
'acpi' mode is used. This method is not perfect, but it's realistic.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
There is a problem that some non hot-pluggable PCIe slots are detected
as hot-pluggable by pciehp on some platforms. The immediate cause of
this problem is that hot-plug capable bit in the Slot Capabilities
register is set even for non hot-pluggable slots on those platforms.
It seems a BIOS/hardware problem, but we need workaround about that.
Some of those platforms define hot-pluggable PCIe slots on ACPI
namespace properly, while hot-plug capable bit in the Slot
Capabilities register is set improperly. So using ACPI namespace
information in pciehp to detect PCIe hot-pluggable slots would be a
workaround.
This patch adds 'pciehp_detect_mode' module option. When 'acpi' is
specified, pciehp uses ACPI namespace information to detect PCIe
hot-pluggable slots.
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This uses work_on_cpu(), rather than altering the cpumask of the
thread which we happen to be.
Note the cleanups:
1) I've removed the CONFIG_NUMA test, since dev_to_node() returns -1
for !CONFIG_NUMA anyway and the compiler will eliminate it.
2) No need to reset mempolicy to default (a bad idea anyway) since
work_on_cpu is run from a workqueue.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Suspend-resume of PCI Express ports has recently been moved into
_suspend_late() and _resume_early() callbacks, but some functions
executed from there should not be called with interrupts disabled,
eg. pci_enable_device(). For this reason, split the suspend-resume
of PCI Express ports into parts to be executed with interrupts
disabled and with interrupts enabled.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Currently, PCI devices without the PM capability that are power
manageable by the platform (eg. ACPI) are not handled correctly
by pci_set_power_state(), because their current_state field is not
updated to reflect the new power state of the device. Fix this by
making pci_update_current_state() accept additional argument
representing the power state of the device as set by the platform.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
When PCI devices are initialized, we check whether they support PCI PM
caps and set the device can_wakeup flag if so. However, some devices
may have platform provided wakeup events rather than PCI PME signals, so
we need to set can_wakeup in that case too. Doing so should allow
wakeups from many more devices, especially on cost constrained systems.
Reported-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Tested-by: Joseph Chan <JosephChan@via.com.tw>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch splits a new function, pci_bus_add_child(), from
pci_bus_add_devices(). The new function can be used to register PCI
buses to the device core.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cleanup pci_bus_add_devices() by negating the conditional and
continuing, rather than having a single conditional take up the whole
body.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Add a function to map a given resource number to a corresponding
register so drivers can get the offset and type of device specific BARs.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Allow pci_alloc_child_bus() to allocate buses without bridge devices.
Some SR-IOV devices can occupy more than one bus number, but there is no
explicit bridges because that have internal routing mechanism.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Export __pci_read_base() so it can be used by whole PCI subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Remove the unnecessary number of resources condition checks because
the pci_update_resource() will check availability of the resources.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch moves all definitions of the PCI resource names to an 'enum',
and also replaces some hard-coded resource variables with symbol
names. This change eases introduction of device specific resources.
Reviewed-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This cleanup removes unnecessary argument 'struct resource *res' in
pci_update_resource(), so it takes same arguments as other companion
functions (pci_assign_resource(), etc.).
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Change parameter of pci_ari_enabled() from 'pci_dev' to 'pci_bus'.
ARI forwarding on the bridge mostly concerns the subordinate devices
rather than the bridge itself. So this change will make the function
easier to use.
Signed-off-by: Yu Zhao <yu.zhao@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
All the other quirks are dev_info() not dev_err(), this one isn't special.
This makes 'quiet' boot in qemu really quiet.
Signed-off-by: Adam Jackson <ajax@redhat.com>
Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
PCI devices have three settable boolean attributes, enable,
broken_parity_status, and msi_bus.
The store functions for these would silently interpret "0x01" as false,
"1llogical" as true, and "true" would be (silently!) ignored and do
nothing.
This is inconsistent with typical sysfs handling of settable attributes,
and just plain doesn't make much sense.
So, use strict_strtoul(), which was created for this purpose. The store
functions will treat a value of 0 as false, non-zero as true, and return
-EINVAL for a parse failure.
Additionally, is_enabled_store() and msi_bus_store() return -EPERM if
CAP_SYS_ADMIN is lacking, rather than silently doing nothing. This is more
typical behavior for sysfs attributes that need a capability.
And msi_bus_store() will only print the "forced subordinate bus ..."
warning if the MSI flag was actually forced to a different value.
Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
It's too large to be inlined.
Acked-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch (as1186) fixes a minor mistake in pci_enable_wake(). When
the routine is asked to disable remote wakeup, it should not return an
error merely because the device is not allowed to do wakeups!
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch adds pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin(), which implements the
INTx swizzling algorithm specified in Table 9-1 of the "PCI-to-PCI
Bridge Architecture Specification," revision 1.2.
There are many architecture-specific implementations of this
swizzle that can be replaced by this common one.
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch makes pci_get_interrupt_pin() return values encoded
the same way as the "Interrupt Pin" value in PCI config space,
i.e., 1=INTA, ..., 4=INTD.
pirq_bios_set() is the only in-tree caller of pci_get_interrupt_pin()
and pci_get_interrupt_pin() is not exported.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: hpa@zytor.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch changes cpqphp to use interrupt pin values just as they
come from PCI config space, i.e., 1=INTA, ..., 4=INTD.
pcibios_set_irq_routing() takes pin arguments in the range 0=INTA, ...,
3=INTD, so we'll adjust the pin just before calling it.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Acked-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
These printks don't contain enough information to be useful. I think it
would be more useful to have a message when a service driver binds to a
root port. That could contain the service type, the interrupt mode and
IRQ, etc.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Change PCI bus resource messages so they have a bit more context
and look like the rest of PCI, e.g.,
- bus: 00 index 0 io port: [0x00-0xffff]
- bus: 00 index 1 mmio: [0x000000-0xffffffff]
+ pci 0000:00: bus resource 0 io : [0x00-0xffff]
+ pci 0000:00: bus resource 1 mem: [0x000000-0xffffffff]
This also changes them from KERN_INFO to KERN_DEBUG.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Clean up whitespace.
Setting 'let c_space_errors=1' in .vimrc shows all sorts of
ugliness. ;)
Signed-off-by: Alex Chiang <achiang@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
These are easy to trigger (more or less harmlessly) with multiple video
cards, since the ROM BAR will typically not be given any space by the
BIOS bridge setup. No reason to punish quiet boot for this.
Signed-off-by: Adam Jackson <ajax@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Since interrupts will soon be disabled at PCI resume time, we need to
pre-allocate memory to save/restore PCI config space (or use GFP_ATOMIC,
but this is safer).
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This adds more LPC controller IO range decode quirks for the Intel ICH
family of chipsets. They differ a bit between the older ICH6 chipset and
the more modern layout of the ICH7-ICH10 chipsets.
This patch just prints out the IO decode information found by the quirks,
but eventually we may want to add them to the resource tree, in order to
know to avoid allocating things over them.
That's especially true if it turns out that any firmware ends up putting
the magic motherboard resources in an address range that we use for
dynamic allocations (ie above PCIBIOS_MIN_IO, which is 0x1000 on x86).
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
I don't see why the suspend and resume of PCI Express ports should be
handled with interrupts enabled and it may even lead to problems in
some situations. For this reason, move the suspending and resuming
of PCI Express ports into ->suspend_late() and ->resume_early()
callbacks executed with interrupts disabled.
This patch addresses the regression from 2.6.26 tracked as
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12121 .
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
When doing device assignment with KVM there's currently nothing to
protect the device from having a driver in the host as well as the guest.
This trivial module just binds the pci device on the host to a stub
driver so that a real host driver can't bind to the device. It has no
pci id table, it supports only dynamic ids.
# echo "8086 10f5" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pci-stub/new_id
# echo -n 0000:00:19.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/e1000e/unbind
# echo -n 0000:00:19.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pci-stub/bind
# ls -l /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:19.0/driver
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2008-11-25 19:10 /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:19.0/driver -> ../../../bus/pci/drivers/pci-stub
Cc: "Kay, Allen M" <allen.m.kay@intel.com>
Cc: "Nakajima, Jun" <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
commit b41d6cf38e (PCI: Check dynids driver_data value for validity)
requires all drivers to include an id table to try and match
driver_data. Before validating driver_data check driver has an id
table.
Acked-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
According to section 6.3.6 of the ACPI spec, the presence of an _RMV
method that evaluates to 1 is sufficient to indicate that a slot is
removable without needing an eject method. This patch refactors the
ejectable slot detection code a little in order to flag these slots as
ejectable and register them. Acpihp then binds to the expresscard slot
on my HP test machine.
Acked-by: Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen.c.accardi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Garrett <mjg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cleanup _OSC evaluation code. Some whitespace changes and a few other
minor cleanups.
Reviewed-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
If a control had already been granted, we don't need to re-evaluate
_OSC for it because firmware may not reject control of any feature it
has previously granted control to.
Reviewed-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Tested-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Reverts adf411b819.
The commit adf411b819 was based on the
improper assumption that queried result was not updated when _OSC
support field was changed. But, in fact, queried result is updated
whenever _OSC support field was changed through __acpi_query_osc().
As a result, the commit adf411b819 only
introduced unnecessary additional _OSC evaluation...
Tested-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Kenji Kaneshige <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
pci_get_slot does a pci_dev_get, so pci_dev_put needs to be called in an
error case.
An alterative would be to move the test_and_set_bit before the call to
pci_get_slot.
The problem was fixed using the following semantic patch.
(http://www.emn.fr/x-info/coccinelle/)
// <smpl>
@@
local idexpression *n;
statement S1,S2;
expression E,E1;
expression *ptr != NULL;
type T,T1;
@@
(
if (!(n = pci_get_slot(...))) S1
|
n = pci_get_slot(...)
)
<... when != pci_dev_put(n)
when != if (...) { <+... pci_dev_put(n) ...+> }
when != true !n || ...
when != n = (T)E
when != E = n
if (!n || ...) S2
...>
(
return \(0\|<+...n...+>\|ptr\);
|
+ pci_dev_put(n);
return ...;
|
pci_dev_put(n);
|
n = (T1)E1
|
E1 = n
)
// </smpl>
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Device drivers that use pci_request_regions() (and similar APIs) have a
reasonable expectation that they are the only ones accessing their device.
As part of the e1000e hunt, we were afraid that some userland (X or some
bootsplash stuff) was mapping the MMIO region that the driver thought it
had exclusively via /dev/mem or via various sysfs resource mappings.
This patch adds the option for device drivers to cause their reserved
regions to the "banned from /dev/mem use" list, so now both kernel memory
and device-exclusive MMIO regions are banned.
NOTE: This is only active when CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM is set.
In addition to the config option, a kernel parameter iomem=relaxed is
provided for the cases where developers want to diagnose, in the field,
drivers issues from userspace.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The acpi_query_osc, __pci_osc_support_set, pci_osc_support_set, and
pcie_osc_support_set functions have been obsoleted in favor of setting
these capabilities during root bridge discovery with
pci_acpi_osc_support. There are no longer any callers of these
functions, so remove them.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The _OSC capability OSC_MSI_SUPPORT is set when the root bridge is added
with pci_acpi_osc_support(), so we no longer need to do it in the PCI
MSI driver. Also adds the function pci_msi_enabled, which returns true
if pci=nomsi is not on the kernel command-line.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The _OSC capability OSC_EXT_PCI_CONFIG_SUPPORT is set when the root
bridge is added with pci_acpi_osc_support(), so we no longer need to do
it in the PCIe AER driver.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The _OSC capabilities OSC_ACTIVE_STATE_PWR_SUPPORT and
OSC_CLOCK_PWR_CAPABILITY_SUPPORT are set when the root bridge is added
with pci_acpi_osc_support(), so we no longer need to do it in the ASPM
driver. Also add the function pcie_aspm_enabled, which returns true if
pcie_aspm=off is not on the kernel command-line.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
The _OSC capability OSC_EXT_PCI_CONFIG_SUPPORT is set when the root
bridge is added with pci_acpi_osc_support() if we can access PCI
extended config space.
This adds the function pci_ext_cfg_avail which returns true if we can
access PCI extended config space (offset greater than 0xff). It
currently only returns false if arch=x86 and raw_pci_ext_ops is not set
(which might happen if pci=nommcfg is set on the kernel command-line).
Signed-off-by: Andrew Patterson <andrew.patterson@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Add pci_acpi_osc_support() and call it when a PCI bridge is added. This
allows us to avoid having every individual PCI root bridge driver call
_OSC support for every root bridge in their probe functions, a
significant savings in boot time.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
