Wrap the old chip function set_wake() until the migration is complete
and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.927527393@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function set_type() until the migration is complete
and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.832261548@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function set_affinity() until the migration is
complete and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.732894108@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function startup() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.635152961@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip functions disable() and shutdown() until the
migration is complete and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.532070631@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function enable() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.437159182@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function eoi() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.339657617@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function mask_ack() until the migration is complete
and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.240806983@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function ack() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.142624725@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function unmask() until the migration is complete
and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121842.043608928@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip function mask() until the migration is complete and
the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121841.940355859@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Wrap the old chip functions for bus_lock/bus_sync_unlock until the
migration is complete and the old chip functions are removed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
LKML-Reference: <20100927121841.842536121@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Convert all references in the core code to orq, chip, handler_data,
chip_data, msi_desc, affinity to irq_data.*
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
3 years transition phase is enough. Cleanup the last users and remove
the cruft.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Leo Chen <leochen@broadcom.com>
Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq: Move two IRQ functions from .init.text to .text
genirq: Protect access to irq_desc->action in can_request_irq()
genirq: Prevent oneshot irq thread race
Both functions should not be marked as __init, since they be called
from modules after the init section is freed.
Signed-off-by: Henrik Kretzschmar <henne@nachtwindheim.de>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
LKML-Reference: <1269431961-5731-1-git-send-email-henne@nachtwindheim.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Lars-Peter pointed out that the oneshot threaded interrupt handler
code has the following race:
CPU0 CPU1
hande_level_irq(irq X)
mask_ack_irq(irq X)
handle_IRQ_event(irq X)
wake_up(thread_handler)
thread handler(irq X) runs
finalize_oneshot(irq X)
does not unmask due to
!(desc->status & IRQ_MASKED)
return from irq
does not unmask due to
(desc->status & IRQ_ONESHOT)
This leaves the interrupt line masked forever.
The reason for this is the inconsistent handling of the IRQ_MASKED
flag. Instead of setting it in the mask function the oneshot support
sets the flag after waking up the irq thread.
The solution for this is to set/clear the IRQ_MASKED status whenever
we mask/unmask an interrupt line. That's the easy part, but that
cleanup opens another race:
CPU0 CPU1
hande_level_irq(irq)
mask_ack_irq(irq)
handle_IRQ_event(irq)
wake_up(thread_handler)
thread handler(irq) runs
finalize_oneshot_irq(irq)
unmask(irq)
irq triggers again
handle_level_irq(irq)
mask_ack_irq(irq)
return from irq due to IRQ_INPROGRESS
return from irq
does not unmask due to
(desc->status & IRQ_ONESHOT)
This requires that we synchronize finalize_oneshot_irq() with the
primary handler. If IRQ_INPROGESS is set we wait until the primary
handler on the other CPU has returned before unmasking the interrupt
line again.
We probably have never seen that problem because it does not happen on
UP and on SMP the irqbalancer protects us by pinning the primary
handler and the thread to the same CPU.
Reported-by: Lars-Peter Clausen <lars@metafoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Keep chip_data in create_irq_nr and destroy_irq.
When two drivers are setting up MSI-X at the same time via
pci_enable_msix() there is a race. See this dmesg excerpt:
[ 85.170610] ixgbe 0000:02:00.1: irq 97 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 85.170611] alloc irq_desc for 99 on node -1
[ 85.170613] igb 0000:08:00.1: irq 98 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 85.170614] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
[ 85.170616] alloc irq_2_iommu on node -1
[ 85.170617] alloc irq_desc for 100 on node -1
[ 85.170619] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
[ 85.170621] alloc irq_2_iommu on node -1
[ 85.170625] ixgbe 0000:02:00.1: irq 99 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 85.170626] alloc irq_desc for 101 on node -1
[ 85.170628] igb 0000:08:00.1: irq 100 for MSI/MSI-X
[ 85.170630] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
[ 85.170631] alloc irq_2_iommu on node -1
[ 85.170635] alloc irq_desc for 102 on node -1
[ 85.170636] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1
[ 85.170639] alloc irq_2_iommu on node -1
[ 85.170646] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference
at 0000000000000088
As you can see igb and ixgbe are both alternating on create_irq_nr()
via pci_enable_msix() in their probe function.
ixgbe: While looping through irq_desc_ptrs[] via create_irq_nr() ixgbe
choses irq_desc_ptrs[102] and exits the loop, drops vector_lock and
calls dynamic_irq_init. Then it sets irq_desc_ptrs[102]->chip_data =
NULL via dynamic_irq_init().
igb: Grabs the vector_lock now and starts looping over irq_desc_ptrs[]
via create_irq_nr(). It gets to irq_desc_ptrs[102] and does this:
cfg_new = irq_desc_ptrs[102]->chip_data;
if (cfg_new->vector != 0)
continue;
This hits the NULL deref.
Another possible race exists via pci_disable_msix() in a driver or in
the number of error paths that call free_msi_irqs():
destroy_irq()
dynamic_irq_cleanup() which sets desc->chip_data = NULL
...race window...
desc->chip_data = cfg;
Remove the save and restore code for cfg in create_irq_nr() and
destroy_irq() and take the desc->lock when checking the irq_cfg.
Reported-and-analyzed-by: Brandon Philips <bphilips@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1265793639-15071-3-git-send-email-yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Brandon Phililps <bphilips@suse.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Convert locks which cannot be sleeping locks in preempt-rt to
raw_spinlocks.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Fix docbook comments to match the actual function names
(set_irq_msi, handle_percpu_irq).
Signed-off-by: Liuwenyi <qingshenlwy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Masking oneshot edge type interrupts is wrong as we might lose an
interrupt which is issued when the threaded handler is handling the
device. We can keep the irq unmasked safely as with edge type
interrupts there is no danger of interrupt floods. If the threaded
handler has not yet finished then IRQTF_RUNTHREAD is set which will
keep the handler thread active.
Debugged and verified in preempt-rt.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Interrupt chips which are behind a slow bus (i2c, spi ...) and
demultiplex other interrupt sources need to run their interrupt
handler in a thread.
The demultiplexed interrupt handlers need to run in thread context as
well and need to finish before the demux handler thread can reenable
the interrupt line. So the easiest way is to run the sub device
handlers in the context of the demultiplexing handler thread.
To avoid that a separate thread is created for the subdevices the
function set_nested_irq_thread() is provided which sets the
IRQ_NESTED_THREAD flag in the interrupt descriptor.
A driver which calls request_threaded_irq() must not be aware of the
fact that the threaded handler is called in the context of the
demultiplexing handler thread. The setup code checks the
IRQ_NESTED_THREAD flag which was set from the irq chip setup code and
does not setup a separate thread for the interrupt. The primary
function which is provided by the device driver is replaced by an
internal dummy function which warns when it is called.
For the demultiplexing handler a helper function handle_nested_irq()
is provided which calls the demux interrupt thread function in the
context of the caller and does the proper interrupt accounting and
takes the interrupt disabled status of the demultiplexed subdevice
into account.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Trilok Soni <soni.trilok@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
Cc: Joonyoung Shim <jy0922.shim@samsung.com>
Cc: m.szyprowski@samsung.com
Cc: t.fujak@samsung.com
Cc: kyungmin.park@samsung.com,
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Cc: Daniel Ribeiro <drwyrm@gmail.com>
Cc: arve@android.com
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
Some interrupt chips are connected to a "slow" bus (i2c, spi ...). The
bus access needs to sleep and therefor cannot be called in atomic
contexts.
Some of the generic interrupt management functions like disable_irq(),
enable_irq() ... call interrupt chip functions with the irq_desc->lock
held and interrupts disabled. This does not work for such devices.
Provide a separate synchronization mechanism for such interrupt
chips. The irq_chip structure is extended by two optional functions
(bus_lock and bus_sync_and_unlock).
The idea is to serialize the bus access for those operations in the
core code so that drivers which are behind that bus operated interrupt
controller do not have to worry about it and just can use the normal
interfaces. To achieve this we add two function pointers to the
irq_chip: bus_lock and bus_sync_unlock.
bus_lock() is called to serialize access to the interrupt controller
bus.
Now the core code can issue chip->mask/unmask ... commands without
changing the fast path code at all. The chip implementation merily
stores that information in a chip private data structure and
returns. No bus interaction as these functions are called from atomic
context.
After that bus_sync_unlock() is called outside the atomic context. Now
the chip implementation issues the bus commands, waits for completion
and unlocks the interrupt controller bus.
The irq_chip implementation as pseudo code:
struct irq_chip_data {
struct mutex mutex;
unsigned int irq_offset;
unsigned long mask;
unsigned long mask_status;
}
static void bus_lock(unsigned int irq)
{
struct irq_chip_data *data = get_irq_desc_chip_data(irq);
mutex_lock(&data->mutex);
}
static void mask(unsigned int irq)
{
struct irq_chip_data *data = get_irq_desc_chip_data(irq);
irq -= data->irq_offset;
data->mask |= (1 << irq);
}
static void unmask(unsigned int irq)
{
struct irq_chip_data *data = get_irq_desc_chip_data(irq);
irq -= data->irq_offset;
data->mask &= ~(1 << irq);
}
static void bus_sync_unlock(unsigned int irq)
{
struct irq_chip_data *data = get_irq_desc_chip_data(irq);
if (data->mask != data->mask_status) {
do_bus_magic_to_set_mask(data->mask);
data->mask_status = data->mask;
}
mutex_unlock(&data->mutex);
}
The device drivers can use request_threaded_irq, free_irq, disable_irq
and enable_irq as usual with the only restriction that the calls need
to come from non atomic context.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Trilok Soni <soni.trilok@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
Cc: Joonyoung Shim <jy0922.shim@samsung.com>
Cc: m.szyprowski@samsung.com
Cc: t.fujak@samsung.com
Cc: kyungmin.park@samsung.com,
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Cc: Daniel Ribeiro <drwyrm@gmail.com>
Cc: arve@android.com
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
For threaded interrupt handlers we expect the hard interrupt handler
part to mask the interrupt on the originating device. The interrupt
line itself is reenabled after the hard interrupt handler has
executed.
This requires access to the originating device from hard interrupt
context which is not always possible. There are devices which can only
be accessed via a bus (i2c, spi, ...). The bus access requires thread
context. For such devices we need to keep the interrupt line masked
until the threaded handler has executed.
Add a new flag IRQF_ONESHOT which allows drivers to request that the
interrupt is not unmasked after the hard interrupt context handler has
been executed and the thread has been woken. The interrupt line is
unmasked after the thread handler function has been executed.
Note that for now IRQF_ONESHOT cannot be used with IRQF_SHARED to
avoid complex accounting mechanisms.
For oneshot interrupts the primary handler simply returns
IRQ_WAKE_THREAD and does nothing else. A generic implementation
irq_default_primary_handler() is provided to avoid useless copies all
over the place. It is automatically installed when
request_threaded_irq() is called with handler=NULL and
thread_fn!=NULL.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@opensource.wolfsonmicro.com>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
Cc: Trilok Soni <soni.trilok@gmail.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
Cc: Joonyoung Shim <jy0922.shim@samsung.com>
Cc: m.szyprowski@samsung.com
Cc: t.fujak@samsung.com
Cc: kyungmin.park@samsung.com,
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Cc: Daniel Ribeiro <drwyrm@gmail.com>
Cc: arve@android.com
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
The original feature of migrating irq_desc dynamic was too fragile
and was causing problems: it caused crashes on systems with lots of
cards with MSI-X when user-space irq-balancer was enabled.
We now have new patches that create irq_desc according to device
numa node. This patch removes the leftover bits of the dynamic balancer.
[ Impact: remove dead code ]
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
LKML-Reference: <49F654AF.8000808@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: get correct kstat_irqs [/proc/interrupts] for msi/msi-x etc
need to call clear_kstat_irqs(), so when we reuse that irq_desc,
we get correct kstat in /proc/interrupts.
This makes /proc/interrupts not have <NULL> entries.
Don't need to worry about arch that doesn't support genirq, because they
will not call dynamic_irq_cleanup().
v2: simplify and make clear_kstat_irqs more robust
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: reduce memory usage, use new cpumask API.
Replace the affinity and pending_masks with cpumask_var_t's. This adds
to the significant size reduction done with the SPARSE_IRQS changes.
The added functions (init_alloc_desc_masks & init_copy_desc_masks) are
in the include file so they can be inlined (and optimized out for the
!CONFIG_CPUMASKS_OFFSTACK case.) [Naming chosen to be consistent with
the other init*irq functions, as well as the backwards arg declaration
of "from, to" instead of the more common "to, from" standard.]
Includes a slight change to the declaration of struct irq_desc to embed
the pending_mask within ifdef(CONFIG_SMP) to be consistent with other
references, and some small changes to Xen.
Tested: sparse/non-sparse/cpumask_offstack/non-cpumask_offstack/nonuma/nosmp on x86_64
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>
Cc: virtualization@lists.osdl.org
Cc: xen-devel@lists.xensource.com
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
* 'cpus4096-for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (66 commits)
x86: export vector_used_by_percpu_irq
x86: use logical apicid in x2apic_cluster's x2apic_cpu_mask_to_apicid_and()
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu, fix
x86: fix lguest used_vectors breakage, -v2
x86: fix warning in arch/x86/kernel/io_apic.c
sched: fix warning in kernel/sched.c
sched: move test_sd_parent() to an SMP section of sched.h
sched: add SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level for sched_mc>0
sched: activate active load balancing in new idle cpus
sched: bias task wakeups to preferred semi-idle packages
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu
sched: favour lower logical cpu number for sched_mc balance
sched: framework for sched_mc/smt_power_savings=N
sched: convert BALANCE_FOR_xx_POWER to inline functions
x86: use possible_cpus=NUM to extend the possible cpus allowed
x86: fix cpu_mask_to_apicid_and to include cpu_online_mask
x86: update io_apic.c to the new cpumask code
x86: Introduce topology_core_cpumask()/topology_thread_cpumask()
x86: xen: use smp_call_function_many()
x86: use work_on_cpu in x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_amd_64.c
...
Fixed up trivial conflict in kernel/time/tick-sched.c manually
Impact: fix theoretical NULL dereference
The generic irq layer doesn't know whether irq_chip has ack routine on some
architectures or not. Upon that, before calling chip->ack, we should check
that it's not NULL.
Signed-off-by: Wang Chen <wangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: improve NUMA handling by migrating irq_desc on smp_affinity changes
if CONFIG_NUMA_MIGRATE_IRQ_DESC is set:
- make irq_desc to go with affinity aka irq_desc moving etc
- call move_irq_desc in irq_complete_move()
- legacy irq_desc is not moved, because they are allocated via static array
for logical apic mode, need to add move_desc_in_progress_in_same_domain,
otherwise it will not be moved ==> also could need two phases to get
irq_desc moved.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: change existing irq_chip API
Not much point with gentle transition here: the struct irq_chip's
setaffinity method signature needs to change.
Fortunately, not widely used code, but hits a few architectures.
Note: In irq_select_affinity() I save a temporary in by mangling
irq_desc[irq].affinity directly. Ingo, does this break anything?
(Folded in fix from KOSAKI Motohiro)
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
Cc: grundler@parisc-linux.org
Cc: jeremy@xensource.com
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Impact: new feature
Problem on distro kernels: irq_desc[NR_IRQS] takes megabytes of RAM with
NR_CPUS set to large values. The goal is to be able to scale up to much
larger NR_IRQS value without impacting the (important) common case.
To solve this, we generalize irq_desc[NR_IRQS] to an (optional) array of
irq_desc pointers.
When CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ=y is used, we use kzalloc_node to get irq_desc,
this also makes the IRQ descriptors NUMA-local (to the site that calls
request_irq()).
This gets rid of the irq_cfg[] static array on x86 as well: irq_cfg now
uses desc->chip_data for x86 to store irq_cfg.
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix __irq_set_trigger() for IRQ_LEVEL
When recording the irq trigger type, let's also make sure
that IRQ_LEVEL gets set correctly.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If the member 'name' of the irq_desc structure happens to point to a
character string that is resident within a kernel module, problems ensue
if that module is rmmod'd (at which time dynamic_irq_cleanup() is called)
and then later show_interrupts() is called by someone.
It is also not a good thing if the character string resided in kmalloc'd
space that has been kfree'd (after having called dynamic_irq_cleanup()).
dynamic_irq_cleanup() fails to NULL the 'name' member and
show_interrupts() references it on a few architectures (like h8300, sh and
x86).
Signed-off-by: Dean Nelson <dcn@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: fix boot hang on a G5
In set_irq_type() we want to pass the type rather than the current
interrupt state.
Signed-off-by: Chris Friesen <cfriesen@nortel.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Extraneous call to irq_to_desc().
Signed-off-by: Dean Nelson <dcn@sgi.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
change names:
irq_desc() ==> irq_desc_alloc
__irq_desc() ==> irq_desc
Also split a few of the uses in lowlevel x86 code.
v2: need to check if desc is null in smp_irq_move_cleanup
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove irq limit checks - nr_irqs is dynamic and we expand anytime.
v2: fix checking about result irq_cfg_without_new, so could use msi again
v3: use irq_desc_without_new to check irq is valid
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
based on Eric's patch ...
together mold it with dyn_array for irq_desc, will allcate kstat_irqs for
nr_irq_desc alltogether if needed. -- at that point nr_cpus is known already.
v2: make sure system without generic_hardirqs works they don't have irq_desc
v3: fix merging
v4: [mingo@elte.hu] fix typo
[ mingo@elte.hu ] irq: build fix
fix:
arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c: In function 'xen_spin_lock_slow':
arch/x86/xen/spinlock.c:90: error: 'struct kernel_stat' has no member named 'irqs'
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
add CONFIG_HAVE_SPARSE_IRQ to for use condensed array.
Get rid of irq_desc[] array assumptions.
Preallocate 32 irq_desc, and irq_desc() will try to get more.
( No change in functionality is expected anywhere, except the odd build
failure where we missed a code site or where a crossing commit itroduces
new irq_desc[] usage. )
v2: according to Eric, change get_irq_desc() to irq_desc()
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
at this point nr_irqs is equal NR_IRQS
convert a few easy users from NR_IRQS to dynamic nr_irqs.
v2: according to Eric, we need to take care of arch without generic_hardirqs
Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Genirq hasn't previously recorded the trigger type used by any given IRQ,
although some irq_chip support has done so. That data can be useful when
troubleshooting. This patch records it in the relevant irq_desc.status
bits, and improves consistency between the two driver-visible calls
affected:
- Make set_irq_type() usage match request_irq() usage:
* IRQ_TYPE_NONE should be a NOP; succeed, so irq_chip methods
won't have to handle that case any more (many do it wrong).
* IRQ_TYPE_PROBE is ignored; any buggy out-of-tree callers
might need to switch over to the real IRQ probing code.
* emit the same diagnostics (from shared utility code)
- Their kerneldoc now reflects usage:
* request_irq() flags include IRQF_TRIGGER_* to specify
active edge(s)/level ... docs previously omitted that
* set_irq_type() is declared in <linux/irq.h> so callers
should use the (bit-equivalent) IRQ_TYPE_* symbols there
Also: adds a warning about shared IRQs that don't end up using the
requested trigger mode; and fix an unrelated "sparse" warning.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch clarifies usage of irq_chip->startup() callback:
1. The "if (startup) startup(); else enabled();" code in setup_irq()
is unnecessary, as startup() falls back to enabled() via
default callbacks, set by irq_chip_set_defaults().
2. When using set_irq_chained_handler() the startup() was never called,
which is not good at all... Fixed. And again - when startup() is not
defined the call will fall back to enable() than to unmask() via
default callbacks.
Signed-off-by: Pawel Moll <pawel.moll@st.com>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Use WARN() instead of a printk+WARN_ON() pair; this way the message
becomes part of the warning section for better reporting/collection.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* Replace usages of CPU_MASK_NONE, CPU_MASK_ALL, NODE_MASK_NONE,
NODE_MASK_ALL to reduce stack requirements for large NR_CPUS
and MAXNODES counts.
* In some cases, the cpumask variable was initialized but then overwritten
with another value. This is the case for changes like this:
- cpumask_t oldmask = CPU_MASK_ALL;
+ cpumask_t oldmask;
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The default_disable() function was changed in commit:
76d2160147
genirq: do not mask interrupts by default
It removed the mask function in favour of the default delayed
interrupt disabling. Unfortunately this also broke the shutdown in
free_irq() when the last handler is removed from the interrupt for
those architectures which rely on the default implementations. Now we
can end up with a enabled interrupt line after the last handler was
removed, which can result in spurious interrupts.
Fix this by adding a default_shutdown function, which is only
installed, when the irqchip implementation does provide neither a
shutdown nor a disable function.
[@stable: affected versions: .21 - .24 ]
Pointed-out-by: Michael Hennerich <Michael.Hennerich@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Tested-by: Michael Hennerich <Michael.Hennerich@analog.com>
Probing non-ISA interrupts using the handle_percpu_irq as their handle_irq
method may crash the system because handle_percpu_irq does not check
IRQ_WAITING. This for example hits the MIPS Qemu configuration.
This patch provides two helper functions set_irq_noprobe and set_irq_probe to
set rsp. clear the IRQ_NOPROBE flag. The only current caller is MIPS code
but this really belongs into generic code.
As an aside, interrupt probing these days has become a mostly obsolete if not
dangerous art. I think Linux interrupts should be changed to default to
non-probing but that's subject of this patch.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-and-tested-by: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit 76d2160147 lazy irq disabling
was implemented, and the simple irq handler had a masking set to it.
Remy Bohmer discovered that some devices in the ARM architecture
would trigger the mask, but never unmask it. His patch to do the
unmasking was questioned by Russell King about masking simple irqs
to begin with. Looking further, it was discovered that the problems
Remy was seeing was due to improper use of the simple handler by
devices, and he later submitted patches to fix those. But the issue
that was uncovered was that the simple handler should never mask.
This patch reverts the masking in the simple handler.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Compiling handle_percpu_irq only on uniprocessor generates an artificial
special case so a typical use like:
set_irq_chip_and_handler(irq, &some_irq_type, handle_percpu_irq);
needs to be conditionally compiled only on SMP systems as well and an
alternative UP construct is usually needed - for no good reason.
This fixes uniprocessor configurations for some MIPS SMP systems.
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 5a43a066b1: "genirq: Allow fasteoi
handler to retrigger disabled interrupts" was erroneously applied to
handle_level_irq(). This added the irq retrigger / resend functionality
to the level irq handler.
Revert the offending bits.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
set_irq_msi() currently connects an irq_desc to an msi_desc. The archs call
it at some point in their setup routine, and then the generic code sets up the
reverse mapping from the msi_desc back to the irq.
set_irq_msi() should do both connections, making it the one and only call
required to connect an irq with it's MSI desc and vice versa.
The arch code MUST call set_irq_msi(), and it must do so only once it's sure
it's not going to fail the irq allocation.
Given that there's no need for the arch to return the irq anymore, the return
value from the arch setup routine just becomes 0 for success and anything else
for failure.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Use mask_ack_irq() where possible.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Never mask interrupts immediately upon request. Disabling interrupts in
high-performance codepaths is rare, and on the other hand this change could
recover lost edges (or even other types of lost interrupts) by conservatively
only masking interrupts after they happen. (NOTE: with this change the
highlevel irq-disable code still soft-disables this IRQ line - and if such an
interrupt happens then the IRQ flow handler keeps the IRQ masked.)
Mark i8529A controllers as 'never loses an edge'.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We need to be able to get from an irq number to a struct msi_desc.
The msi_desc array in msi.c had several short comings the big one was
that it could not be used outside of msi.c. Using irq_data in struct
irq_desc almost worked except on some architectures irq_data needs to
be used for something else.
So this patch adds a msi_desc pointer to irq_desc, adds the appropriate
wrappers and changes all of the msi code to use them.
The dynamic_irq_init/cleanup code was tweaked to ensure the new
field is left in a well defined state.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
The sanity check for no_irq_chip in __set_irq_hander() is unconditional on
both install and uninstall of an handler. This triggers false warnings and
replaces no_irq_chip by dummy_irq_chip in the uninstall case.
Check only, when a real handler is installed.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Sylvain Munaut <tnt@246tNt.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce desc->name and eliminate the handle_irq_name() hack. Add
set_irq_chip_and_handler_name() to set the flow type and name at once.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Maintain a per-CPU global "struct pt_regs *" variable which can be used instead
of passing regs around manually through all ~1800 interrupt handlers in the
Linux kernel.
The regs pointer is used in few places, but it potentially costs both stack
space and code to pass it around. On the FRV arch, removing the regs parameter
from all the genirq function results in a 20% speed up of the IRQ exit path
(ie: from leaving timer_interrupt() to leaving do_IRQ()).
Where appropriate, an arch may override the generic storage facility and do
something different with the variable. On FRV, for instance, the address is
maintained in GR28 at all times inside the kernel as part of general exception
handling.
Having looked over the code, it appears that the parameter may be handed down
through up to twenty or so layers of functions. Consider a USB character
device attached to a USB hub, attached to a USB controller that posts its
interrupts through a cascaded auxiliary interrupt controller. A character
device driver may want to pass regs to the sysrq handler through the input
layer which adds another few layers of parameter passing.
I've build this code with allyesconfig for x86_64 and i386. I've runtested the
main part of the code on FRV and i386, though I can't test most of the drivers.
I've also done partial conversion for powerpc and MIPS - these at least compile
with minimal configurations.
This will affect all archs. Mostly the changes should be relatively easy.
Take do_IRQ(), store the regs pointer at the beginning, saving the old one:
struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
And put the old one back at the end:
set_irq_regs(old_regs);
Don't pass regs through to generic_handle_irq() or __do_IRQ().
In timer_interrupt(), this sort of change will be necessary:
- update_process_times(user_mode(regs));
- profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING, regs);
+ update_process_times(user_mode(get_irq_regs()));
+ profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING);
I'd like to move update_process_times()'s use of get_irq_regs() into itself,
except that i386, alone of the archs, uses something other than user_mode().
Some notes on the interrupt handling in the drivers:
(*) input_dev() is now gone entirely. The regs pointer is no longer stored in
the input_dev struct.
(*) finish_unlinks() in drivers/usb/host/ohci-q.c needs checking. It does
something different depending on whether it's been supplied with a regs
pointer or not.
(*) Various IRQ handler function pointers have been moved to type
irq_handler_t.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from 1b16e7ac850969f38b375e511e3fa2f474a33867 commit)
Typedef the IRQ flow handler function type.
Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
(cherry picked from 8e973fbdf5716b93a0a8c0365be33a31ca0fa351 commit)
Currently msi.c is doing sanity checks that make certain before an irq is
destroyed it has no more users.
By adding irq_has_action I can perform the test is a generic way, instead of
relying on a msi specific data structure.
By performing the core check in dynamic_irq_cleanup I ensure every user of
dynamic irqs has a test present and we don't free resources that are in use.
In msi.c this allows me to kill the attrib.state member of msi_desc and all of
the assciated code to maintain it.
To keep from freeing data structures when irq cleanup code is called to soon
changing dyanamic_irq_cleanup is insufficient because there are msi specific
data structures that are also not safe to free.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
With the msi support comes a new concept in irq handling, irqs that are
created dynamically at run time.
Currently the msi code allocates irqs backwards. First it allocates a
platform dependent routing value for an interrupt the ``vector'' and then it
figures out from the vector which irq you are on.
This msi backwards allocator suffers from two basic problems. The allocator
suffers because it is trying to do something that is architecture specific in
a generic way making it brittle, inflexible, and tied to tightly to the
architecture implementation. The alloctor also suffers from it's very
backwards nature as it has tied things together that should have no
dependencies.
To solve the basic dynamic irq allocation problem two new architecture
specific functions are added: create_irq and destroy_irq.
create_irq takes no input and returns an unused irq number, that won't be
reused until it is returned to the free poll with destroy_irq. The irq then
can be used for any purpose although the only initial consumer is the msi
code.
destroy_irq takes an irq number allocated with create_irq and returns it to
the free pool.
Making this functionality per architecture increases the simplicity of the irq
allocation code and increases it's flexibility.
dynamic_irq_init() and dynamic_irq_cleanup() are added to automate the
irq_desc initializtion that should happen for dynamic irqs.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Rajesh Shah <rajesh.shah@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de>
Cc: "Protasevich, Natalie" <Natalie.Protasevich@UNISYS.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
while porting the -rt tree to 2.6.18-rc7 i noticed the following
screaming-IRQ scenario on an SMP system:
2274 0Dn.:1 0.001ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.010ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.020ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.029ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.039ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.048ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.058ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.068ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.077ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.087ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
2274 0Dn.:1 0.097ms: do_IRQ+0xc/0x103 <= (ret_from_intr+0x0/0xf)
as it turns out, the bug is caused by handle_level_irq(), which if it
races with another CPU already handling this IRQ, it _unmasks_ the IRQ
line on the way out. This is not how 2.6.17 works, and we introduced
this bug in one of the early genirq cleanups right before it went into
-mm. (the bug was not in the genirq patchset for a long time, and we
didnt notice the bug due to the lack of -rt rebase to the new genirq
code. -rt, and hardirq-preemption in particular opens up such races much
wider than anything else.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Make the fasteoi handler mark disabled interrupts as pending if they
happen anyway. This allow implementation of a delayed disable scheme
with the fasteoi handler.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Patch from Thomas Gleixner
From: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
ARM has a couple of really dumb interrupt controllers.
Implement a generic one and fixup the ARM migration. ARM reused
the no_irq_chip for this purpose, but this does not work out
for platforms which are not converted to the new interrupt
type handling model.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Clean up the fastack concept by turning it into fasteoi and introducing the
->eoi() method for chips.
This also allows the cleanup of an i386 EOI quirk - now the quirk is
cleanly separated from the pure ACK implementation.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Note when a disable interrupt happened with the fasteoi handler as well so
that delayed disable can be implemented with fasteoi-type controllers.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Enable platforms to use the irq-chip and irq-flow abstractions: allow setting
of the chip, the type and provide highlevel handlers for common irq-flows.
[rostedt@goodmis.org: misroute-irq: Don't call desc->chip->end because of edge interrupts]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
