We have the notion of tracking process-coupling (a.k.a. buddy-wake) via
the p->se.last_wake / p->se.avg_overlap facilities, but it is only used
for cfs to cfs interactions. There is no reason why an rt to cfs
interaction cannot share in establishing a relationhip in a similar
manner.
Because PREEMPT_RT runs many kernel threads as FIFO priority, we often
times have heavy interaction between RT threads waking CFS applications.
This patch offers a substantial boost (50-60%+) in perfomance under those
circumstances.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Cc: npiggin@suse.de
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Measurement shows that the difference between cgroup:/ and cgroup:/foo
wake_affine() results is that the latter succeeds significantly more.
Therefore bias the calculations towards failing the test.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Increase the accuracy of the effective_load values.
Not only consider the current increment (as per the attempted wakeup), but
also consider the delta between when we last adjusted the shares and the
current situation.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
It was observed these mults can overflow.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently task_h_load() computes the load of a task and uses that to either
subtract it from the total, or add to it.
However, removing or adding a task need not have any effect on the total load
at all. Imagine adding a task to a group that is local to one cpu - in that
case the total load of that cpu is unaffected.
So properly compute addition/removal:
s_i = S * rw_i / \Sum_j rw_j
s'_i = S * (rw_i + wl) / (\Sum_j rw_j + wg)
then s'_i - s_i gives the change in load.
Where s_i is the shares for cpu i, S the group weight, rw_i the runqueue weight
for that cpu, wl the weight we add (subtract) and wg the weight contribution to
the runqueue.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
doing the load balance will change cfs_rq->load.weight (that's the whole point)
but since that's part of the scale factor, we'll scale back with a different
amount.
Weight getting smaller would result in an inflated moved_load which causes
it to stop balancing too soon.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
With hierarchical grouping we can't just compare task weight to rq weight - we
need to scale the weight appropriately.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
While thinking about the previous patch - I realized that using per domain
aggregate load values in load_balance_fair() is wrong. We should use the
load value for that CPU.
By not needing per domain hierarchical load values we don't need to store
per domain aggregate shares, which greatly simplifies all the math.
It basically falls apart in two separate computations:
- per domain update of the shares
- per CPU update of the hierarchical load
Also get rid of the move_group_shares() stuff - just re-compute the shares
again after a successful load balance.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We only need to know the task_weight of the busiest rq - nothing to do
if there are no tasks there.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The idea was to balance groups until we've reached the global goal, however
Vatsa rightly pointed out that we might never reach that goal this way -
hence take out this logic.
[ the initial rationale for this 'feature' was to promote max concurrency
within a group - it does not however affect fairness ]
Reported-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Keeping the aggregate on the first cpu of the sched domain has two problems:
- it could collide between different sched domains on different cpus
- it could slow things down because of the remote accesses
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Uncouple buddy selection from wakeup granularity.
The initial idea was that buddies could run ahead as far as a normal task
can - do this by measuring a pair 'slice' just as we do for a normal task.
This means we can drop the wakeup_granularity back to 5ms.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Ok, so why are we in this mess, it was:
1/w
but now we mixed that rw in the mix like:
rw/w
rw being \Sum w suggests: fiddling w, we should also fiddle rw, humm?
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
calc_delta_asym() is supposed to do the same as calc_delta_fair() except
linearly shrink the result for negative nice processes - this causes them
to have a smaller preemption threshold so that they are more easily preempted.
The problem is that for task groups se->load.weight is the per cpu share of
the actual task group weight; take that into account.
Also provide a debug switch to disable the asymmetry (which I still don't
like - but it does greatly benefit some workloads)
This would explain the interactivity issues reported against group scheduling.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The currently logic inadvertently skips the last task on the run-queue,
resulting in missed balance opportunities.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: David Bahi <dbahi@novell.com>
CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Prevent short-running wakers of short-running threads from overloading a single
cpu via wakeup affinity, and wire up disconnected debug option.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Yanmin Zhang reported:
Comparing with 2.6.25, volanoMark has big regression with kernel 2.6.26-rc1.
It's about 50% on my 8-core stoakley, 16-core tigerton, and Itanium Montecito.
With bisect, I located the following patch:
| 18d95a2832 is first bad commit
| commit 18d95a2832
| Author: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
| Date: Sat Apr 19 19:45:00 2008 +0200
|
| sched: fair-group: SMP-nice for group scheduling
Revert it so that we get v2.6.25 behavior.
Bisected-by: Yanmin Zhang <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Change references from for_each_cpu_mask to for_each_cpu_mask_nr
where appropriate
Reviewed-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The conversion between virtual and real time is as follows:
dvt = rw/w * dt <=> dt = w/rw * dvt
Since we want the fair sleeper granularity to be in real time, we actually
need to do:
dvt = - rw/w * l
This bug could be related to the regression reported by Yanmin Zhang:
| Comparing with kernel 2.6.25, sysbench+mysql(oltp, readonly) has lots
| of regressions with 2.6.26-rc1:
|
| 1) 8-core stoakley: 28%;
| 2) 16-core tigerton: 20%;
| 3) Itanium Montvale: 50%.
Reported-by: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin_zhang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
this replaces the rq->clock stuff (and possibly cpu_clock()).
- architectures that have an 'imperfect' hardware clock can set
CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
- the 'jiffie' window might be superfulous when we update tick_gtod
before the __update_sched_clock() call in sched_clock_tick()
- cpu_clock() might be implemented as:
sched_clock_cpu(smp_processor_id())
if the accuracy proves good enough - how far can TSC drift in a
single jiffie when considering the filtering and idle hooks?
[ mingo@elte.hu: various fixes and cleanups ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Revert debugging commit 7ba2e74ab5.
print_cfs_rq_tasks() can induce live-lock if a task is dequeued
during list traversal.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We currently use an optimization to skip the overhead of wake-idle
processing if more than one task is assigned to a run-queue. The
assumption is that the system must already be load-balanced or we
wouldnt be overloaded to begin with.
The problem is that we are looking at rq->nr_running, which may include
RT tasks in addition to CFS tasks. Since the presence of RT tasks
really has no bearing on the balance status of CFS tasks, this throws
the calculation off.
This patch changes the logic to only consider the number of CFS tasks
when making the decision to optimze the wake-idle.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
CC: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Noticed by sparse:
kernel/sched.c:760:20: warning: symbol 'sched_feat_names' was not declared. Should it be static?
kernel/sched.c:767:5: warning: symbol 'sched_feat_open' was not declared. Should it be static?
kernel/sched_fair.c:845:3: warning: returning void-valued expression
kernel/sched.c:4386:3: warning: returning void-valued expression
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Normalized sleeper uses calc_delta*() which requires that the rq load is
already updated, so move account_entity_enqueue() before place_entity()
Tested-by: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to level the hierarchy, we need to calculate load based on the
root view. That is, each task's load is in the same unit.
A
/ \
B 1
/ \
2 3
To compute 1's load we do:
weight(1)
--------------
rq_weight(A)
To compute 2's load we do:
weight(2) weight(B)
------------ * -----------
rq_weight(B) rw_weight(A)
This yields load fractions in comparable units.
The consequence is that it changes virtual time. We used to have:
time_{i}
vtime_{i} = ------------
weight_{i}
vtime = \Sum vtime_{i} = time / rq_weight.
But with the new way of load calculation we get that vtime equals time.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
De-couple load-balancing from the rb-trees, so that I can change their
organization.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently FAIR_GROUP sched grows the scheduler latency outside of
sysctl_sched_latency, invert this so it stays within.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Implement SMP nice support for the full group hierarchy.
On each load-balance action, compile a sched_domain wide view of the full
task_group tree. We compute the domain wide view when walking down the
hierarchy, and readjust the weights when walking back up.
After collecting and readjusting the domain wide view, we try to balance the
tasks within the task_groups. The current approach is a naively balance each
task group until we've moved the targeted amount of load.
Inspired by Srivatsa Vaddsgiri's previous code and Abhishek Chandra's H-SMP
paper.
XXX: there will be some numerical issues due to the limited nature of
SCHED_LOAD_SCALE wrt to representing a task_groups influence on the
total weight. When the tree is deep enough, or the task weight small
enough, we'll run out of bits.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Abhishek Chandra <chandra@cs.umn.edu>
CC: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
[rebased for sched-devel/latest]
- Add a new cpuset file, having levels:
sched_relax_domain_level
- Modify partition_sched_domains() and build_sched_domains()
to take attributes parameter passed from cpuset.
- Fill newidle_idx for node domains which currently unused but
might be required if sched_relax_domain_level become higher.
- We can change the default level by boot option 'relax_domain_level='.
Signed-off-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch allows tasks and groups to exist in the same cfs_rq. With this
change the CFS group scheduling follows a 1/(M+N) model from a 1/(1+N)
fairness model where M tasks and N groups exist at the cfs_rq level.
[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: rt bits and assorted fixes]
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Balbir Singh reported:
> 1:mon> t
> [c0000000e7677da0] c000000000067de0 .sys_sched_yield+0x6c/0xbc
> [c0000000e7677e30] c000000000008748 syscall_exit+0x0/0x40
> --- Exception: c01 (System Call) at 00000400001d09e4
> SP (4000664cb10) is in userspace
> 1:mon> r
> cpu 0x1: Vector: 300 (Data Access) at [c0000000e7677aa0]
> pc: c000000000068e50: .yield_task_fair+0x94/0xc4
> lr: c000000000067de0: .sys_sched_yield+0x6c/0xbc
the check that should have avoided that is:
/*
* Are we the only task in the tree?
*/
if (unlikely(rq->load.weight == curr->se.load.weight))
return;
But I guess that overlooks rt tasks, they also increase the load.
So I guess something like this ought to fix it..
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The wakeup buddy logic didn't use the same wakeup granularity logic as the
wakeup preemption did, this might cause the ->next buddy to be selected past
the point where we would have preempted had the task been a single running
instance.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
revert "sched: fix fair sleepers" (e22ecef1d2),
because it is causing audio skipping, see:
http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10428
the patch is correct and the real cause of the skipping is not
understood (tracing makes it go away), but time has run out so we'll
revert it and re-try in 2.6.26.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
TREE_AVG and APPROX_AVG are initial task placement policies that have been
disabled for a long while.. time to remove them.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
improve affine wakeups. Maintain the 'overlap' metric based on CFS's
sum_exec_runtime - which means the amount of time a task executes
after it wakes up some other task.
Use the 'overlap' for the wakeup decisions: if the 'overlap' is short,
it means there's strong workload coupling between this task and the
woken up task. If the 'overlap' is large then the workload is decoupled
and the scheduler will move them to separate CPUs more easily.
( Also slightly move the preempt_check within try_to_wake_up() - this has
no effect on functionality but allows 'early wakeups' (for still-on-rq
tasks) to be correctly accounted as well.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
split out the affine-wakeup bits.
No code changed:
kernel/sched.o:
text data bss dec hex filename
42521 2858 232 45611 b22b sched.o.before
42521 2858 232 45611 b22b sched.o.after
md5:
9d76738f1272aa82f0b7affd2f51df6b sched.o.before.asm
09b31c44e9aff8666f72773dc433e2df sched.o.after.asm
(the md5's changed because stack slots changed and some registers
get scheduled by gcc in a different order - but otherwise the before
and after assembly is instruction for instruction equivalent.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Use the existing calc_delta_mine() calculation for sched_slice(). This
saves a divide and simplifies the code because we share it with the
other /cfs_rq->load users.
It also improves code size:
text data bss dec hex filename
42659 2740 144 45543 b1e7 sched.o.before
42093 2740 144 44977 afb1 sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Fair sleepers need to scale their latency target down by runqueue
weight. Otherwise busy systems will gain ever larger sleep bonus.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Currently we schedule to the leftmost task in the runqueue. When the
runtimes are very short because of some server/client ping-pong,
especially in over-saturated workloads, this will cycle through all
tasks trashing the cache.
Reduce cache trashing by keeping dependent tasks together by running
newly woken tasks first. However, by not running the leftmost task first
we could starve tasks because the wakee can gain unlimited runtime.
Therefore we only run the wakee if its within a small
(wakeup_granularity) window of the leftmost task. This preserves
fairness, but does alternate server/client task groups.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Current min_vruntime tracking is incorrect and will cause serious
problems when we don't run the leftmost task for some reason.
min_vruntime does two things; 1) it's used to determine a forward
direction when the u64 vruntime wraps, 2) it's used to track the
leftmost vruntime to position newly enqueued tasks from.
The current logic advances min_vruntime whenever the current task's
vruntime advance. Because the current task may pass the leftmost task
still waiting we're failing the second goal. This causes new tasks to be
placed too far ahead and thus penalizes their runtime.
Fix this by making min_vruntime the min_vruntime of the waiting tasks by
tracking it in enqueue/dequeue, and compare against current's vruntime
to obtain the absolute minimum when placing new tasks.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Kei Tokunaga reported an interactivity problem when moving tasks
between control groups.
Tasks would retain their old vruntime when moved between groups, this
can cause funny lags. Re-set the vruntime on group move to fit within
the new tree.
Reported-by: Kei Tokunaga <tokunaga.keiich@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The following commits cause a number of regressions:
commit 58e2d4ca58
Author: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Date: Fri Jan 25 21:08:00 2008 +0100
sched: group scheduling, change how cpu load is calculated
commit 6b2d770026
Author: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Date: Fri Jan 25 21:08:00 2008 +0100
sched: group scheduler, fix fairness of cpu bandwidth allocation for task groups
Namely:
- very frequent wakeups on SMP, reported by PowerTop users.
- cacheline trashing on (large) SMP
- some latencies larger than 500ms
While there is a mergeable patch to fix the latter, the former issues
are not fixable in a manner suitable for .25 (we're at -rc3 now).
Hence we revert them and try again in v2.6.26.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
CC: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Alexey Zaytsev <alexey.zaytsev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
pick_task_entity() duplicates existing code. This functionality can be
easily obtained using rb_last(). Avoid code duplication by using rb_last().
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Michel Dänzr has bisected an interactivity problem with
plus-reniced tasks back to this commit:
810e95ccd5 is first bad commit
commit 810e95ccd5
Author: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Date: Mon Oct 15 17:00:14 2007 +0200
sched: another wakeup_granularity fix
unit mis-match: wakeup_gran was used against a vruntime
fix this by assymetrically scaling the vtime of positive reniced
tasks.
Bisected-by: Michel Dänzer <michel@tungstengraphics.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The reason why we are getting better wakeup latencies for
!FAIR_USER_SCHED is because of this snippet of code in place_entity():
if (!initial) {
/* sleeps upto a single latency don't count. */
if (sched_feat(NEW_FAIR_SLEEPERS) && entity_is_task(se))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
vruntime -= sysctl_sched_latency;
/* ensure we never gain time by being placed backwards. */
vruntime = max_vruntime(se->vruntime, vruntime);
}
NEW_FAIR_SLEEPERS feature gives credit for sleeping only to tasks and
not group-level entities. With the patch attached, I could see that
wakeup latencies with FAIR_USER_SCHED are restored to the same level as
!FAIR_USER_SCHED.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Right now, the linux kernel (with scheduler statistics enabled) keeps track
of the maximum time a process is waiting to be scheduled. While the maximum
is a very useful metric, tracking average and total is equally useful
(at least for latencytop) to figure out the accumulated effect of scheduler
delays. The accumulated effect is important to judge the performance impact
of scheduler tuning/behavior.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
print_cfs_stats is callable from interrupt context (sysrq), hence it should
not take mutexes. Change it to use RCU since the task group data is RCU
freed anyway.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
LatencyTOP kernel infrastructure; it measures latencies in the
scheduler and tracks it system wide and per process.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Use HR-timers (when available) to deliver an accurate preemption tick.
The regular scheduler tick that runs at 1/HZ can be too coarse when nice
level are used. The fairness system will still keep the cpu utilisation 'fair'
by then delaying the task that got an excessive amount of CPU time but try to
minimize this by delivering preemption points spot-on.
The average frequency of this extra interrupt is sched_latency / nr_latency.
Which need not be higher than 1/HZ, its just that the distribution within the
sched_latency period is important.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Dmitry Adamushko found that the current implementation of the RT
balancing code left out changes to the sched_setscheduler and
rt_mutex_setprio.
This patch addresses this issue by adding methods to the schedule classes
to handle being switched out of (switched_from) and being switched into
(switched_to) a sched_class. Also a method for changing of priorities
is also added (prio_changed).
This patch also removes some duplicate logic between rt_mutex_setprio and
sched_setscheduler.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Yanmin Zhang noticed a nice optimization:
p = l * nr / nl, nl = l/g -> p = g * nr
which eliminates a do_div() from __sched_period().
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
No need to do a check for 'affine wakeup and passive balancing possibilities'
in select_task_rq_fair() when task_cpu(p) == this_cpu.
I guess, this part got missed upon introduction of per-sched_class
select_task_rq() in try_to_wake_up().
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The current wake-up code path tries to determine if it can optimize the
wake-up to "this_cpu" by computing load calculations. The problem is that
these calculations are only relevant to SCHED_OTHER tasks where load is king.
For RT tasks, priority is king. So the load calculation is completely wasted
bandwidth.
Therefore, we create a new sched_class interface to help with
pre-wakeup routing decisions and move the load calculation as a function
of CFS task's class.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The current load balancing scheme isn't good enough for precise
group fairness.
For example: on a 8-cpu system, I created 3 groups as under:
a = 8 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024)
b = 4 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024)
c = 3 tasks (cpu.shares = 1024)
a, b and c are task groups that have equal weight. We would expect each
of the groups to receive 33.33% of cpu bandwidth under a fair scheduler.
This is what I get with the latest scheduler git tree:
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4
------|---------|-------|-------------------------------------------------------
a | 277.676 | 57.8% | 54.1% 54.1% 54.1% 54.2% 56.7% 62.2% 62.8% 64.5%
b | 116.108 | 24.2% | 47.4% 48.1% 48.7% 49.3%
c | 86.326 | 18.0% | 47.5% 47.9% 48.5%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Explanation of o/p:
Col1 -> Group name
Col2 -> Cumulative execution time (in seconds) received by all tasks of that
group in a 60sec window across 8 cpus
Col3 -> CPU bandwidth received by the group in the 60sec window, expressed in
percentage. Col3 data is derived as:
Col3 = 100 * Col2 / (NR_CPUS * 60)
Col4 -> CPU bandwidth received by each individual task of the group.
Col4 = 100 * cpu_time_recd_by_task / 60
[I can share the test case that produces a similar o/p if reqd]
The deviation from desired group fairness is as below:
a = +24.47%
b = -9.13%
c = -15.33%
which is quite high.
After the patch below is applied, here are the results:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Col1 | Col2 | Col3 | Col4
------|---------|-------|-------------------------------------------------------
a | 163.112 | 34.0% | 33.2% 33.4% 33.5% 33.5% 33.7% 34.4% 34.8% 35.3%
b | 156.220 | 32.5% | 63.3% 64.5% 66.1% 66.5%
c | 160.653 | 33.5% | 85.8% 90.6% 91.4%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deviation from desired group fairness is as below:
a = +0.67%
b = -0.83%
c = +0.17%
which is far better IMO. Most of other runs have yielded a deviation within
+-2% at the most, which is good.
Why do we see bad (group) fairness with current scheuler?
=========================================================
Currently cpu's weight is just the summation of individual task weights.
This can yield incorrect results. For ex: consider three groups as below
on a 2-cpu system:
CPU0 CPU1
---------------------------
A (10) B(5)
C(5)
---------------------------
Group A has 10 tasks, all on CPU0, Group B and C have 5 tasks each all
of which are on CPU1. Each task has the same weight (NICE_0_LOAD =
1024).
The current scheme would yield a cpu weight of 10240 (10*1024) for each cpu and
the load balancer will think both CPUs are perfectly balanced and won't
move around any tasks. This, however, would yield this bandwidth:
A = 50%
B = 25%
C = 25%
which is not the desired result.
What's changing in the patch?
=============================
- How cpu weights are calculated when CONFIF_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is
defined (see below)
- API Change
- Two tunables introduced in sysfs (under SCHED_DEBUG) to
control the frequency at which the load balance monitor
thread runs.
The basic change made in this patch is how cpu weight (rq->load.weight) is
calculated. Its now calculated as the summation of group weights on a cpu,
rather than summation of task weights. Weight exerted by a group on a
cpu is dependent on the shares allocated to it and also the number of
tasks the group has on that cpu compared to the total number of
(runnable) tasks the group has in the system.
Let,
W(K,i) = Weight of group K on cpu i
T(K,i) = Task load present in group K's cfs_rq on cpu i
T(K) = Total task load of group K across various cpus
S(K) = Shares allocated to group K
NRCPUS = Number of online cpus in the scheduler domain to
which group K is assigned.
Then,
W(K,i) = S(K) * NRCPUS * T(K,i) / T(K)
A load balance monitor thread is created at bootup, which periodically
runs and adjusts group's weight on each cpu. To avoid its overhead, two
min/max tunables are introduced (under SCHED_DEBUG) to control the rate
at which it runs.
Fixes from: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
- don't start the load_balance_monitor when there is only a single cpu.
- rename the kthread because its currently longer than TASK_COMM_LEN
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch changes how the cpu load exerted by fair_sched_class tasks
is calculated. Load exerted by fair_sched_class tasks on a cpu is now
a summation of the group weights, rather than summation of task weights.
Weight exerted by a group on a cpu is dependent on the shares allocated
to it.
This version of patch has a minor impact on code size, but should have
no runtime/functional impact for !CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Minor bug fixes for the group scheduler:
- Use a mutex to serialize add/remove of task groups and also when
changing shares of a task group. Use the same mutex when printing
cfs_rq debugging stats for various task groups.
- Use list_for_each_entry_rcu in for_each_leaf_cfs_rq macro (when
walking task group list)
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
measurements by Yanmin Zhang have shown that SCHED_BATCH tasks benefit
if they run the same place_entity() logic as SCHED_OTHER tasks - so
uniformize behavior in this area.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
do more agressive yield for SCHED_BATCH tuned tasks: they are all
about throughput anyway. This allows a gentler migration path for
any apps that relied on stronger yield.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Commit cfb5285660 removed a useful feature for
us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be
useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt
really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption.
The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's
original patch (Commit 62d0df6406), with
these differences:
- Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp
to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for
2.6.25 after more discussions.
- Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs
stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler
classes
- Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage
counter to be per-cpu
- Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the
code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly
needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing
rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in
kernel/sched.c)
The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting
information.
Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran
some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in
the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with
cpuacct.usage.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
increase the default minimum granularity some more - this gives us
more performance in aim7 benchmarks.
also correct some comments: we scale with ilog(ncpus) + 1.
Signed-off-by: Zou Nan hai <nanhai.zou@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Sukadev Bhattiprolu reported a kernel crash with control groups.
There are couple of problems discovered by Suka's test:
- The test requires the cgroup filesystem to be mounted with
atleast the cpu and ns options (i.e both namespace and cpu
controllers are active in the same hierarchy).
# mkdir /dev/cpuctl
# mount -t cgroup -ocpu,ns none cpuctl
(or simply)
# mount -t cgroup none cpuctl -> Will activate all controllers
in same hierarchy.
- The test invokes clone() with CLONE_NEWNS set. This causes a a new child
to be created, also a new group (do_fork->copy_namespaces->ns_cgroup_clone->
cgroup_clone) and the child is attached to the new group (cgroup_clone->
attach_task->sched_move_task). At this point in time, the child's scheduler
related fields are uninitialized (including its on_rq field, which it has
inherited from parent). As a result sched_move_task thinks its on
runqueue, when it isn't.
As a solution to this problem, I moved sched_fork() call, which
initializes scheduler related fields on a new task, before
copy_namespaces(). I am not sure though whether moving up will
cause other side-effects. Do you see any issue?
- The second problem exposed by this test is that task_new_fair()
assumes that parent and child will be part of the same group (which
needn't be as this test shows). As a result, cfs_rq->curr can be NULL
for the child.
The solution is to test for curr pointer being NULL in
task_new_fair().
With the patch below, I could run ns_exec() fine w/o a crash.
Reported-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
clean up the preemption check to not use unnecessary 64-bit
variables. This improves code size:
text data bss dec hex filename
44227 3326 36 47589 b9e5 sched.o.before
44201 3326 36 47563 b9cb sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
wakeup preemption fix: do not make it dependent on p->prio.
Preemption purely depends on ->vruntime.
This improves preemption in mixed-nice-level workloads.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove PREEMPT_RESTRICT. (this is a separate commit so that any
regression related to the removal itself is bisectable)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Yanmin Zhang reported an aim7 regression and bisected it down to:
| commit 38ad464d41
| Author: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
| Date: Mon Oct 15 17:00:02 2007 +0200
|
| sched: uniform tunings
|
| use the same defaults on both UP and SMP.
fix this by reintroducing similar SMP tunings again. This resolves
the regression.
(also update the comments to match the ilog2(nr_cpus) tuning effect)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
we lost the sched_min_granularity tunable to a clever optimization
that uses the sched_latency/min_granularity ratio - but the ratio
is quite unintuitive to users and can also crash the kernel if the
ratio is set to 0. So reintroduce the min_granularity tunable,
while keeping the ratio maintained internally.
no functionality changed.
[ mingo@elte.hu: some fixlets. ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Add a few comments to place_entity(). No code changed.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
vslice was missing a factor NICE_0_LOAD, as weight is in
weight*NICE_0_LOAD units.
the effect of this bug was larger initial slices and
thus latency-noisier forks.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
fix style of swap() macro in kernel/sched_fair.c.
( this macro should eventually move to a general header, as ext3 uses
a similar construct too. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At the moment, a lot of load balancing code that is irrelevant to non
SMP systems gets included during non SMP builds.
This patch addresses this issue and reduces the binary size on non
SMP systems:
text data bss dec hex filename
10983 28 1192 12203 2fab sched.o.before
10739 28 1192 11959 2eb7 sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At the moment, balance_tasks() provides low level functionality for both
move_tasks() and move_one_task() (indirectly) via the load_balance()
function (in the sched_class interface) which also provides dual
functionality. This dual functionality complicates the interfaces and
internal mechanisms and makes the run time overhead of operations that
are called with two run queue locks held.
This patch addresses this issue and reduces the overhead of these
operations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Child task may be added on a different cpu that the one on which parent
is running. In which case, task_new_fair() should check whether the new
born task's parent entity should be added as well on the cfs_rq.
Patch below fixes the problem in task_new_fair.
This could fix the put_prev_task_fair() crashes reported.
Reported-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Andy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
reintroduce a simplified version of cache-hot/cold scheduling
affinity. This improves performance with certain SMP workloads,
such as sysbench.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
speed up context-switches a bit by not clearing p->exec_start.
(as a side-effect, this also makes p->exec_start a universal timestamp
available to cache-hot estimations.)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Prevent wakeup over-scheduling. Once a task has been preempted by a
task of the same or lower priority, it becomes ineligible for repeated
preemption by same until it has been ticked, or slept. Instead, the
task is marked for preemption at the next tick. Tasks of higher
priority still preempt immediately.
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Implement feature bit to disable forced preemption. This way
it can be checked whether a workload is overscheduling or not.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The following patch (sched: disable sleeper_fairness on SCHED_BATCH)
seems to break GROUP_SCHED. Although, it may be 'oops'-less due to the
possibility of 'p' being always a valid address.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
disable sleeper fairness for batch tasks - they are about
batch processing after all.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
unit mis-match: wakeup_gran was used against a vruntime
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
noticed by Peter Zijlstra:
fix: move the CPU check into ->task_new_fair(), this way we
can call place_entity() and get child ->vruntime right at
initial wakeup time.
(without this there can be large latencies)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
