This fixes locking and bugs in cpu_down and cpu_up paths of the NUMA slab
allocator. Sonny Rao <sonny@burdell.org> reported problems sometime back on
POWER5 boxes, when the last cpu on the nodes were being offlined. We could
not reproduce the same on x86_64 because the cpumask (node_to_cpumask) was not
being updated on cpu down. Since that issue is now fixed, we can reproduce
Sonny's problems on x86_64 NUMA, and here is the fix.
The problem earlier was on CPU_DOWN, if it was the last cpu on the node to go
down, the array_caches (shared, alien) and the kmem_list3 of the node were
being freed (kfree) with the kmem_list3 lock held. If the l3 or the
array_caches were to come from the same cache being cleared, we hit on
badness.
This patch cleans up the locking in cpu_up and cpu_down path. We cannot
really free l3 on cpu down because, there is no node offlining yet and even
though a cpu is not yet up, node local memory can be allocated for it. So l3s
are usually allocated at keme_cache_create and destroyed at
kmem_cache_destroy. Hence, we don't need cachep->spinlock protection to get
to the cachep->nodelist[nodeid] either.
Patch survived onlining and offlining on a 4 core 2 node Tyan box with a 4
dbench process running all the time.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Earlier, we had to disable on chip interrupts while taking the
cachep->spinlock because, at cache_grow, on every addition of a slab to a slab
cache, we incremented colour_next which was protected by the cachep->spinlock,
and cache_grow could occur at interrupt context. Since, now we protect the
per-node colour_next with the node's list_lock, we do not need to disable on
chip interrupts while taking the per-cache spinlock, but we just need to
disable interrupts when taking the per-node kmem_list3 list_lock.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
colour_next is used as an index to add a colouring offset to a new slab in the
cache (colour_off * colour_next). Now with the NUMA aware slab allocator, it
makes sense to colour slabs added on the same node sequentially with
colour_next.
This patch moves the colouring index "colour_next" per-node by placing it on
kmem_list3 rather than kmem_cache.
This also helps simplify locking for CPU up and down paths.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix kzalloc() and kstrdup() caller report for CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB. We must
pass the caller to __cache_alloc() instead of directly doing
__builtin_return_address(0) there; otherwise kzalloc() and kstrdup() are
reported as the allocation site instead of the real one.
Thanks to Valdis Kletnieks for reporting the problem and Steven Rostedt for
the original idea.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace uses of kmem_cache_t with proper struct kmem_cache in mm/slab.c.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Rename the ac_data() function to more descriptive cpu_cache_get().
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce virt_to_cache() and virt_to_slab() functions to reduce duplicate
code and introduce a proper abstraction should we want to support other kind
of mapping for address to slab and cache (eg. for vmalloc() or I/O memory).
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
From: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reduce the amount of inline functions in slab to the functions that
are used in the hot path:
- no inline for debug functions
- no __always_inline, inline is already __always_inline
- remove inline from a few numa support functions.
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
13588 752 48 14388 3834 mm/slab.o (defconfig)
16671 2492 48 19211 4b0b mm/slab.o (numa)
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
13366 752 48 14166 3756 mm/slab.o (defconfig)
16230 2492 48 18770 4952 mm/slab.o (numa)
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Create two helper functions slab_get_obj() and slab_put_obj() to replace
duplicated code in mm/slab.c
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Create a helper function, slab_destroy_objs() which called from
slab_destroy(). This makes slab_destroy() smaller and more readable, and
moves ifdefs outside the function body.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up cache_estimate() in mm/slab.c and improves the algorithm from O(n) to
O(1). We first calculate the maximum number of objects a slab can hold after
struct slab and kmem_bufctl_t for each object has been given enough space.
After that, to respect alignment rules, we decrease the number of objects if
necessary. As required padding is at most align-1 and memory of obj_size is
at least align, it is always enough to decrease number of objects by one.
The optimization was originally made by Balbir Singh with more improvements
from Steven Rostedt. Manfred Spraul provider further modifications: no loop
at all for the off-slab case and added comments to explain the background.
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I noticed the code for index_of is a creative way of finding the cache
index using the compiler to optimize to a single hard coded number. But
I couldn't help noticing that it uses two methods to let you know that
someone used it wrong. One is at compile time (the correct way), and
the other is at run time (not good).
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up kmem_cache_alloc_node a bit.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
An object cache has two different object lengths:
- the amount of memory available for the user (object size)
- the amount of memory allocated internally (buffer size)
This patch does some renames to make the code reflect that better.
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Improve the performance of slab_put_obj(). Without the cast, gcc considers
ptrdiff_t a 64 bit signed integer and ends up emitting code to use a full
signed 128 bit divide on EM64T, which is substantially slower than a 32 bit
unsigned divide.
I noticed this when looking at the profile of a case where the slab balance
is just on edge and thrashes back and forth freeing a block.
Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <benjamin.c.lahaise@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Move the interrupt check from slab_node into ___cache_alloc and adds an
"unlikely()" to avoid pipeline stalls on some architectures.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch fixes a regression in 2.6.14 against 2.6.13 that causes an
imbalance in memory allocation during bootup.
The slab allocator in 2.6.13 is not numa aware and simply calls
alloc_pages(). This means that memory policies may control the behavior of
alloc_pages(). During bootup the memory policy is set to MPOL_INTERLEAVE
resulting in the spreading out of allocations during bootup over all
available nodes. The slab allocator in 2.6.13 has only a single list of
slab pages. As a result the per cpu slab cache and the spinlock controlled
page lists may contain slab entries from off node memory. The slab
allocator in 2.6.13 makes no effort to discern the locality of an entry on
its lists.
The NUMA aware slab allocator in 2.6.14 controls locality of the slab pages
explicitly by calling alloc_pages_node(). The NUMA slab allocator manages
slab entries by having lists of available slab pages for each node. The
per cpu slab cache can only contain slab entries associated with the node
local to the processor. This guarantees that the default allocation mode
of the slab allocator always assigns local memory if available.
Setting MPOL_INTERLEAVE as a default policy during bootup has no effect
anymore. In 2.6.14 all node unspecific slab allocations are performed on
the boot processor. This means that most of key data structures are
allocated on one node. Most processors will have to refer to these
structures making the boot node a potential bottleneck. This may reduce
performance and cause unnecessary memory pressure on the boot node.
This patch implements NUMA policies in the slab layer. There is the need
of explicit application of NUMA memory policies by the slab allcator itself
since the NUMA slab allocator does no longer let the page_allocator control
locality.
The check for policies is made directly at the beginning of __cache_alloc
using current->mempolicy. The memory policy is already frequently checked
by the page allocator (alloc_page_vma() and alloc_page_current()). So it
is highly likely that the cacheline is present. For MPOL_INTERLEAVE
kmalloc() will spread out each request to one node after another so that an
equal distribution of allocations can be obtained during bootup.
It is not possible to push the policy check to lower layers of the NUMA
slab allocator since the per cpu caches are now only containing slab
entries from the current node. If the policy says that the local node is
not to be preferred or forbidden then there is no point in checking the
slab cache or local list of slab pages. The allocation better be directed
immediately to the lists containing slab entries for the allowed set of
nodes.
This way of applying policy also fixes another strange behavior in 2.6.13.
alloc_pages() is controlled by the memory allocation policy of the current
process. It could therefore be that one process is running with
MPOL_INTERLEAVE and would f.e. obtain a new page following that policy
since no slab entries are in the lists anymore. A page can typically be
used for multiple slab entries but lets say that the current process is
only using one. The other entries are then added to the slab lists. These
are now non local entries in the slab lists despite of the possible
availability of local pages that would provide faster access and increase
the performance of the application.
Another process without MPOL_INTERLEAVE may now run and expect a local slab
entry from kmalloc(). However, there are still these free slab entries
from the off node page obtained from the other process via MPOL_INTERLEAVE
in the cache. The process will then get an off node slab entry although
other slab entries may be available that are local to that process. This
means that the policy if one process may contaminate the locality of the
slab caches for other processes.
This patch in effect insures that a per process policy is followed for the
allocation of slab entries and that there cannot be a memory policy
influence from one process to another. A process with default policy will
always get a local slab entry if one is available. And the process using
memory policies will get its memory arranged as requested. Off-node slab
allocation will require the use of spinlocks and will make the use of per
cpu caches not possible. A process using memory policies to redirect
allocations offnode will have to cope with additional lock overhead in
addition to the latency added by the need to access a remote slab entry.
Changes V1->V2
- Remove #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA by moving forward declaration into
prior #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA section.
- Give the function determining the node number to use a saner
name.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Let's switch mutex_debug_check_no_locks_freed() to take (addr, len) as
arguments instead, since all its callers were just calculating the 'to'
address for themselves anyway... (and sometimes doing so badly).
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
more mutex debugging: check for held locks during memory freeing,
task exit, enable sysrq printouts, etc.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Add mm/util.c for functions common between SLAB and SLOB.
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up a local variable with the same name as a variable in a larger
block. Also move a variable into the block where it's actually used.
Spotted by http://linuxicc.sourceforge.net/
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@nuerscht.ch>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The slab allocator code is inconsistent in coding style and messy. For this
patch, I ran Lindent for mm/slab.c and fixed up goofs by hand.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch moves the ugly loop that determines the 'optimal' size (page order)
of cache slabs from kmem_cache_create() to a separate function and cleans it
up a bit.
Thanks to Matthew Wilcox for the help with this patch.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch extracts slabinfo header printing to a separate function
print_slabinfo_header() to make s_start() more readable.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
__alloc_percpu and alloc_percpu both take an 'align' argument which is
completely ignored. snmp6_mib_init() in net/ipv6/af_inet6.c attempts to use
it, but it will be ignored. Therefore, remove the 'align' argument and fixup
the lone caller.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The slab allocator never uses alloc_pages since kmem_getpages() is always
called with a valid nodeid. Remove the branch and the code from
kmem_getpages()
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch converts object cache <-> page mapping macros to static inline
functions to make the more explicit and readable.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Various core kernel-doc cleanups:
- add missing function parameters in ipc, irq/manage, kernel/sys,
kernel/sysctl, and mm/slab;
- move description to just above function for kernel_restart()
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Chen noticed that cache_reap uses REAPTIMEOUT_CPUC+smp_processor_id() as
the timeout for rescheduling.
The "+smp_processor_id()" part is wrong, the timeout should be identical
for all cpus: start_cpu_timer already adds a cpu dependant offset to avoid
any clustering.
The attached patch removes smp_processor_id().
Signed-Off-By: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch renames struct kmem_cache_s to kmem_cache so we can start using
it instead of kmem_cache_t typedef.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
slab presently goes BUG if someone tries to register an already-registered
cache.
But this can happen if the user accidentally loads a module which is already
statically linked into the kernel. Nuking the kernel is rather a harsh
reaction.
Change it into a warning, and just fail the kmem_cache_alloc() attempt. If
the module is well-behaved, the modprobe will fail and all is well.
Notes:
- Swaps the ranking of cache_chain_sem and lock_cpu_hotplug(). Doesn't seem
important.
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch adds some stack dumps if the slab logic is processing slab
blocks from the wrong node. This is necessary in order to detect
situations as encountered by Petr.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
- added typedef unsigned int __nocast gfp_t;
- replaced __nocast uses for gfp flags with gfp_t - it gives exactly
the same warnings as far as sparse is concerned, doesn't change
generated code (from gcc point of view we replaced unsigned int with
typedef) and documents what's going on far better.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
In kmalloc_node we are checking if the allocation is for the same node when
interrupts are "on". This may lead to an allocation on another node than
intended.
This patch just shifts the check for the current node in __cache_alloc_node
when interrupts are disabled.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
As davem points out, this wasn't such a great idea. There may be some code
which does:
size = 1024*1024;
while (kmalloc(size, ...) == 0)
size /= 2;
which will now explode.
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
I had an issue on ia64 where I got a bug in kernel/workqueue because
kzalloc returned a NULL pointer due to the task structure getting too big
for the slab allocator. Usually these cases are caught by the kmalloc
macro in include/linux/slab.h.
Compilation will fail if a too big value is passed to kmalloc.
However, kzalloc uses __kmalloc which has no check for that. This patch
makes __kmalloc bug if a too large entity is requested.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The numa slab allocator may allocate pages from foreign nodes onto the
lists for a particular node if a node runs out of memory. Inspecting the
slab->nodeid field will not reflect that the page is now in use for the
slabs of another node.
This patch fixes that issue by adding a node field to free_block so that
the caller can indicate which node currently uses a slab.
Also removes the check for the current node from kmalloc_cache_node since
the process may shift later to another node which may lead to an allocation
on another node than intended.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
It is essential that index_of() be inlined. But alpha undoes the gcc
inlining hackery and index_of() ends up out-of-line. So fiddle with things
to make that function inline again.
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
With the new changes that we made in the initialization of the slab
allocator, we first setup the cache from which array caches are allocated,
and then the cache, from which kmem_list3's are allocated.
Now if the array cache comes from a cache in which objsize > 32, (in this
instance size-64) then, first size-64 cache will be allocated and then the
size-128 (if this is the cache from which kmem_list3's are going to be
allocated).
So with these new changes, we are not guaranteed that we will be
initializing the malloc_sizes array in a serialized order. Thus there is
a bug in __find_general_cachep, as we are checking whether the first
cache_sizes ptr is NULL.
This is replaced by checking whether the array-cache cache is initialized.
Attached is a patch which does that. Boots fine on a x86-64, with
DEBUG_SPIN, DEBUG_SLAB, and preempt.
Attached is a patch which does that. Boots fine on a x86-64, with
DEBUG_SPIN, DEBUG_SLAB, and preempt.Thanks & Regards, Alok
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Shobhit Dayal <shobhitdayal.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix the sparse warning "implicit cast to nocast type"
Signed-off-by: Victor Fusco <victor@cetuc.puc-rio.br>
Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch clarifies NULL handling of kfree() and vfree(). I addition,
wording of calling context restriction for vfree() and vunmap() are changed
from "may not" to "must not."
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The NUMA API change that introduced kmalloc_node was accepted for
2.6.12-rc3. Now it is possible to do slab allocations on a node to
localize memory structures. This API was used by the pageset localization
patch and the block layer localization patch now in mm. The existing
kmalloc_node is slow since it simply searches through all pages of the slab
to find a page that is on the node requested. The two patches do a one
time allocation of slab structures at initialization and therefore the
speed of kmalloc node does not matter.
This patch allows kmalloc_node to be as fast as kmalloc by introducing node
specific page lists for partial, free and full slabs. Slab allocation
improves in a NUMA system so that we are seeing a performance gain in AIM7
of about 5% with this patch alone.
More NUMA localizations are possible if kmalloc_node operates in an fast
way like kmalloc.
Test run on a 32p systems with 32G Ram.
w/o patch
Tasks jobs/min jti jobs/min/task real cpu
1 485.36 100 485.3640 11.99 1.91 Sat Apr 30 14:01:51 2005
100 26582.63 88 265.8263 21.89 144.96 Sat Apr 30 14:02:14 2005
200 29866.83 81 149.3342 38.97 286.08 Sat Apr 30 14:02:53 2005
300 33127.16 78 110.4239 52.71 426.54 Sat Apr 30 14:03:46 2005
400 34889.47 80 87.2237 66.72 568.90 Sat Apr 30 14:04:53 2005
500 35654.34 76 71.3087 81.62 714.55 Sat Apr 30 14:06:15 2005
600 36460.83 75 60.7681 95.77 853.42 Sat Apr 30 14:07:51 2005
700 35957.00 75 51.3671 113.30 990.67 Sat Apr 30 14:09:45 2005
800 33380.65 73 41.7258 139.48 1140.86 Sat Apr 30 14:12:05 2005
900 35095.01 76 38.9945 149.25 1281.30 Sat Apr 30 14:14:35 2005
1000 36094.37 74 36.0944 161.24 1419.66 Sat Apr 30 14:17:17 2005
w/patch
Tasks jobs/min jti jobs/min/task real cpu
1 484.27 100 484.2736 12.02 1.93 Sat Apr 30 15:59:45 2005
100 28262.03 90 282.6203 20.59 143.57 Sat Apr 30 16:00:06 2005
200 32246.45 82 161.2322 36.10 282.89 Sat Apr 30 16:00:42 2005
300 37945.80 83 126.4860 46.01 418.75 Sat Apr 30 16:01:28 2005
400 40000.69 81 100.0017 58.20 561.48 Sat Apr 30 16:02:27 2005
500 40976.10 78 81.9522 71.02 696.95 Sat Apr 30 16:03:38 2005
600 41121.54 78 68.5359 84.92 834.86 Sat Apr 30 16:05:04 2005
700 44052.77 78 62.9325 92.48 971.53 Sat Apr 30 16:06:37 2005
800 41066.89 79 51.3336 113.38 1111.15 Sat Apr 30 16:08:31 2005
900 38918.77 79 43.2431 134.59 1252.57 Sat Apr 30 16:10:46 2005
1000 41842.21 76 41.8422 139.09 1392.33 Sat Apr 30 16:13:05 2005
These are measurement taken directly after boot and show a greater
improvement than 5%. However, the performance improvements become less
over time if the AIM7 runs are repeated and settle down at around 5%.
Links to earlier discussions:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=111094594500003&r=1&w=2http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=111603406600002&r=1&w=2
Changelog V4-V5:
- alloc_arraycache and alloc_aliencache take node parameter instead of cpu
- fix initialization so that nodes without cpus are properly handled.
- simplify code in kmem_cache_init
- patch against Andrews temp mm3 release
- Add Shai to credits
- fallback to __cache_alloc from __cache_alloc_node if the node's cache
is not available yet.
Changelog V3-V4:
- Patch against 2.6.12-rc5-mm1
- Cleanup patch integrated
- More and better use of for_each_node and for_each_cpu
- GCC 2.95 fix (do not use [] use [0])
- Correct determination of INDEX_AC
- Remove hack to cause an error on platforms that have no CONFIG_NUMA but nodes.
- Remove list3_data and list3_data_ptr macros for better readability
Changelog V2-V3:
- Made to patch against 2.6.12-rc4-mm1
- Revised bootstrap mechanism so that larger size kmem_list3 structs can be
supported. Do a generic solution so that the right slab can be found
for the internal structs.
- use for_each_online_node
Changelog V1-V2:
- Batching for freeing of wrong-node objects (alien caches)
- Locking changes and NUMA #ifdefs as requested by Manfred
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <Shai@Scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch introduces a kzalloc wrapper and converts kernel/ to use it. It
saves a little program text.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Proposed by and based on a patch from Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>:
This patch removes unnecessary critical section in ksize() function, as
cli/sti are rather expensive on modern CPUS.
It additionally adds a docbook entry for ksize() and further simplifies the
code.
Signed-Off-By: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Mostobjects returned by __cache_alloc() will be written by the caller,
(but not all callers want to write all the object, but just at the
begining) prefetchw() tells the modern CPU to think about the future
writes, ie start some memory transactions in advance.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is used only in slab.c and each architecture gets to define whcih
underlying type is to be used.
Seems a bit silly - move it to slab.c and use the same type for all
architectures: unsigned int.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix a small spelling mistake. subtile->subtle
Signed-off-by: Martin Hicks <mort@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch used to be in Andrew's tree before the NUMA slab allocator went
in. Either this patch or the NUMA slab allocator is needed in order for
kmalloc_node to work correctly.
pcibus_to_node may be used to generate the node information passed to
kmalloc_node. pcibus_to_node returns -1 if it was not able to determine
on which node a pcibus is located. For that case kmalloc_node must
work like kmalloc.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch creates a new kstrdup library function and changes the "local"
implementations in several places to use this function.
Most of the changes come from the sound and net subsystems. The sound part
had already been acknowledged by Takashi Iwai and the net part by David S.
Miller.
I left UML alone for now because I would need more time to read the code
carefully before making changes there.
Signed-off-by: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The pageset array can potentially acquire a huge amount of memory on large
NUMA systems. F.e. on a system with 512 processors and 256 nodes there
will be 256*512 pagesets. If each pageset only holds 5 pages then we are
talking about 655360 pages.With a 16K page size on IA64 this results in
potentially 10 Gigabytes of memory being trapped in pagesets. The typical
cases are much less for smaller systems but there is still the potential of
memory being trapped in off node pagesets. Off node memory may be rarely
used if local memory is available and so we may potentially have memory in
seldom used pagesets without this patch.
The slab allocator flushes its per cpu caches every 2 seconds. The
following patch flushes the off node pageset caches in the same way by
tying into the slab flush.
The patch also changes /proc/zoneinfo to include the number of pages
currently in each pageset.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This is for use with slab users that pass a dynamically allocated slab name in
kmem_cache_create, so that before destroying the slab one can retrieve the name
and free its memory.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch changes calls to synchronize_kernel(), deprecated in the earlier
"Deprecate synchronize_kernel, GPL replacement" patch to instead call the new
synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_sched() APIs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
