Export the number of anonymous pages in a mapping via smaps.
Even the private pages in a mapping backed by a file, would be marked as
anonymous, when they are modified. Export this information to user-space via
smaps.
Exporting this count will help gdb to make a better decision on which
areas need to be dumped in its coredump; and should be useful to others
studying the memory usage of a process.
Signed-off-by: Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The ns_cgroup will be removed very soon. Let's warn, for this version,
ns_cgroup is deprecated.
Make ns_cgroup and clone_children exclusive. If the clone_children is set
and the ns_cgroup is mounted, let's fail with EINVAL when the ns_cgroup
subsys is created (a printk will help the user to understand why the
creation fails).
Update the feature remove schedule file with the deprecated ns_cgroup.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The ns_cgroup is a control group interacting with the namespaces. When a
new namespace is created, a corresponding cgroup is automatically created
too. The cgroup name is the pid of the process who did 'unshare' or the
child of 'clone'.
This cgroup is tied with the namespace because it prevents a process to
escape the control group and use the post_clone callback, so the child
cgroup inherits the values of the parent cgroup.
Unfortunately, the more we use this cgroup and the more we are facing
problems with it:
(1) when a process unshares, the cgroup name may conflict with a
previous cgroup with the same pid, so unshare or clone return -EEXIST
(2) the cgroup creation is out of control because there may have an
application creating several namespaces where the system will
automatically create several cgroups in his back and let them on the
cgroupfs (eg. a vrf based on the network namespace).
(3) the mix of (1) and (2) force an administrator to regularly check
and clean these cgroups.
This patchset removes the ns_cgroup by adding a new flag to the cgroup and
the cgroupfs mount option. It enables the copy of the parent cgroup when
a child cgroup is created. We can then safely remove the ns_cgroup as
this flag brings a compatibility. We have now to manually create and add
the task to a cgroup, which is consistent with the cgroup framework.
This patch:
Sent as an answer to a previous thread around the ns_cgroup.
https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/containers/2009-June/018627.html
It adds a control file 'clone_children' for a cgroup. This control file
is a boolean specifying if the child cgroup should be a clone of the
parent cgroup or not. The default value is 'false'.
This flag makes the child cgroup to call the post_clone callback of all
the subsystem, if it is available.
At present, the cpuset is the only one which had implemented the
post_clone callback.
The option can be set at mount time by specifying the 'clone_children'
mount option.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jamal Hadi Salim <hadi@cyberus.ca>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When dirty_ratio or dirty_bytes is written the other parameter is disabled
and set to 0 (in dirty_bytes_handler() / dirty_ratio_handler()).
We do the same for dirty_background_ratio and dirty_background_bytes.
However, in the sysctl documentation, we say that the counterpart becomes
a function of the old value, that is not correct.
Clarify the documentation reporting the actual behaviour.
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: (52 commits)
split invalidate_inodes()
fs: skip I_FREEING inodes in writeback_sb_inodes
fs: fold invalidate_list into invalidate_inodes
fs: do not drop inode_lock in dispose_list
fs: inode split IO and LRU lists
fs: switch bdev inode bdi's correctly
fs: fix buffer invalidation in invalidate_list
fsnotify: use dget_parent
smbfs: use dget_parent
exportfs: use dget_parent
fs: use RCU read side protection in d_validate
fs: clean up dentry lru modification
fs: split __shrink_dcache_sb
fs: improve DCACHE_REFERENCED usage
fs: use percpu counter for nr_dentry and nr_dentry_unused
fs: simplify __d_free
fs: take dcache_lock inside __d_path
fs: do not assign default i_ino in new_inode
fs: introduce a per-cpu last_ino allocator
new helper: ihold()
...
Add more wait, wake, and completion interfaces to the device-drivers
docbook.
Fix kernel-doc notation in the added files.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add short documentation for two ALS / proximity chip drivers.
Signed-off-by: Samu Onkalo <samu.p.onkalo@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Jonathan Cameron <jic23@cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Document outlining some of the highmem issues, started by me, edited by
David.
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There have been numerous reports of stalls that pointed at the problem
being somewhere in the VM. There are multiple roots to the problems which
means dealing with any of the root problems in isolation is tricky to
justify on their own and they would still need integration testing. This
patch series puts together two different patch sets which in combination
should tackle some of the root causes of latency problems being reported.
Patch 1 adds a tracepoint for shrink_inactive_list. For this series, the
most important results is being able to calculate the scanning/reclaim
ratio as a measure of the amount of work being done by page reclaim.
Patch 2 accounts for time spent in congestion_wait.
Patches 3-6 were originally developed by Kosaki Motohiro but reworked for
this series. It has been noted that lumpy reclaim is far too aggressive
and trashes the system somewhat. As SLUB uses high-order allocations, a
large cost incurred by lumpy reclaim will be noticeable. It was also
reported during transparent hugepage support testing that lumpy reclaim
was trashing the system and these patches should mitigate that problem
without disabling lumpy reclaim.
Patch 7 adds wait_iff_congested() and replaces some callers of
congestion_wait(). wait_iff_congested() only sleeps if there is a BDI
that is currently congested. Patch 8 notes that any BDI being congested
is not necessarily a problem because there could be multiple BDIs of
varying speeds and numberous zones. It attempts to track when a zone
being reclaimed contains many pages backed by a congested BDI and if so,
reclaimers wait on the congestion queue.
I ran a number of tests with monitoring on X86, X86-64 and PPC64. Each
machine had 3G of RAM and the CPUs were
X86: Intel P4 2-core
X86-64: AMD Phenom 4-core
PPC64: PPC970MP
Each used a single disk and the onboard IO controller. Dirty ratio was
left at 20. I'm just going to report for X86-64 and PPC64 in a vague
attempt to keep this report short. Four kernels were tested each based on
v2.6.36-rc4
traceonly-v2r2: Patches 1 and 2 to instrument vmscan reclaims and congestion_wait
lowlumpy-v2r3: Patches 1-6 to test if lumpy reclaim is better
waitcongest-v2r3: Patches 1-7 to only wait on congestion
waitwriteback-v2r4: Patches 1-8 to detect when a zone is congested
nocongest-v1r5: Patches 1-3 for testing wait_iff_congestion
nodirect-v1r5: Patches 1-10 to disable filesystem writeback for better IO
The tests run were as follows
kernbench
compile-based benchmark. Smoke test performance
sysbench
OLTP read-only benchmark. Will be re-run in the future as read-write
micro-mapped-file-stream
This is a micro-benchmark from Johannes Weiner that accesses a
large sparse-file through mmap(). It was configured to run in only
single-CPU mode but can be indicative of how well page reclaim
identifies suitable pages.
stress-highalloc
Tries to allocate huge pages under heavy load.
kernbench, iozone and sysbench did not report any performance regression
on any machine. sysbench did pressure the system lightly and there was
reclaim activity but there were no difference of major interest between
the kernels.
X86-64 micro-mapped-file-stream
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3 waitwriteback-v2r4
pgalloc_dma 1639.00 ( 0.00%) 667.00 (-145.73%) 1167.00 ( -40.45%) 578.00 (-183.56%)
pgalloc_dma32 2842410.00 ( 0.00%) 2842626.00 ( 0.01%) 2843043.00 ( 0.02%) 2843014.00 ( 0.02%)
pgalloc_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgsteal_dma 729.00 ( 0.00%) 85.00 (-757.65%) 609.00 ( -19.70%) 125.00 (-483.20%)
pgsteal_dma32 2338721.00 ( 0.00%) 2447354.00 ( 4.44%) 2429536.00 ( 3.74%) 2436772.00 ( 4.02%)
pgsteal_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgscan_kswapd_dma 1469.00 ( 0.00%) 532.00 (-176.13%) 1078.00 ( -36.27%) 220.00 (-567.73%)
pgscan_kswapd_dma32 4597713.00 ( 0.00%) 4503597.00 ( -2.09%) 4295673.00 ( -7.03%) 3891686.00 ( -18.14%)
pgscan_kswapd_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgscan_direct_dma 71.00 ( 0.00%) 134.00 ( 47.01%) 243.00 ( 70.78%) 352.00 ( 79.83%)
pgscan_direct_dma32 305820.00 ( 0.00%) 280204.00 ( -9.14%) 600518.00 ( 49.07%) 957485.00 ( 68.06%)
pgscan_direct_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pageoutrun 16296.00 ( 0.00%) 21254.00 ( 23.33%) 18447.00 ( 11.66%) 20067.00 ( 18.79%)
allocstall 443.00 ( 0.00%) 273.00 ( -62.27%) 513.00 ( 13.65%) 1568.00 ( 71.75%)
These are based on the raw figures taken from /proc/vmstat. It's a rough
measure of reclaim activity. Note that allocstall counts are higher
because we are entering direct reclaim more often as a result of not
sleeping in congestion. In itself, it's not necessarily a bad thing.
It's easier to get a view of what happened from the vmscan tracepoint
report.
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: vmscan
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3 waitwriteback-v2r4
Direct reclaims 443 273 513 1568
Direct reclaim pages scanned 305968 280402 600825 957933
Direct reclaim pages reclaimed 43503 19005 30327 117191
Direct reclaim write file async I/O 0 0 0 0
Direct reclaim write anon async I/O 0 3 4 12
Direct reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Direct reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Wake kswapd requests 187649 132338 191695 267701
Kswapd wakeups 3 1 4 1
Kswapd pages scanned 4599269 4454162 4296815 3891906
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2295947 2428434 2399818 2319706
Kswapd reclaim write file async I/O 1 0 1 1
Kswapd reclaim write anon async I/O 59 187 41 222
Kswapd reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Kswapd reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Time stalled direct reclaim (seconds) 4.34 2.52 6.63 2.96
Time kswapd awake (seconds) 11.15 10.25 11.01 10.19
Total pages scanned 4905237 4734564 4897640 4849839
Total pages reclaimed 2339450 2447439 2430145 2436897
%age total pages scanned/reclaimed 47.69% 51.69% 49.62% 50.25%
%age total pages scanned/written 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
%age file pages scanned/written 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Percentage Time Spent Direct Reclaim 29.23% 19.02% 38.48% 20.25%
Percentage Time kswapd Awake 78.58% 78.85% 76.83% 79.86%
What is interesting here for nocongest in particular is that while direct
reclaim scans more pages, the overall number of pages scanned remains the
same and the ratio of pages scanned to pages reclaimed is more or less the
same. In other words, while we are sleeping less, reclaim is not doing
more work and as direct reclaim and kswapd is awake for less time, it
would appear to be doing less work.
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 87 196 64 0
Direct time congest waited 4604ms 4732ms 5420ms 0ms
Direct full congest waited 72 145 53 0
Direct number conditional waited 0 0 324 1315
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd number congest waited 20 10 15 7
KSwapd time congest waited 1264ms 536ms 884ms 284ms
KSwapd full congest waited 10 4 6 2
KSwapd number conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
The vanilla kernel spent 8 seconds asleep in direct reclaim and no time at
all asleep with the patches.
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 10.51 10.73 10.6 11.66
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 14.19 13.00 14.33 12.76
Overall, the tests completed faster. It is interesting to note that backing off further
when a zone is congested and not just a BDI was more efficient overall.
PPC64 micro-mapped-file-stream
pgalloc_dma 3024660.00 ( 0.00%) 3027185.00 ( 0.08%) 3025845.00 ( 0.04%) 3026281.00 ( 0.05%)
pgalloc_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgsteal_dma 2508073.00 ( 0.00%) 2565351.00 ( 2.23%) 2463577.00 ( -1.81%) 2532263.00 ( 0.96%)
pgsteal_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgscan_kswapd_dma 4601307.00 ( 0.00%) 4128076.00 ( -11.46%) 3912317.00 ( -17.61%) 3377165.00 ( -36.25%)
pgscan_kswapd_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pgscan_direct_dma 629825.00 ( 0.00%) 971622.00 ( 35.18%) 1063938.00 ( 40.80%) 1711935.00 ( 63.21%)
pgscan_direct_normal 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%) 0.00 ( 0.00%)
pageoutrun 27776.00 ( 0.00%) 20458.00 ( -35.77%) 18763.00 ( -48.04%) 18157.00 ( -52.98%)
allocstall 977.00 ( 0.00%) 2751.00 ( 64.49%) 2098.00 ( 53.43%) 5136.00 ( 80.98%)
Similar trends to x86-64. allocstalls are up but it's not necessarily bad.
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: vmscan
Direct reclaims 977 2709 2098 5136
Direct reclaim pages scanned 629825 963814 1063938 1711935
Direct reclaim pages reclaimed 75550 242538 150904 387647
Direct reclaim write file async I/O 0 0 0 2
Direct reclaim write anon async I/O 0 10 0 4
Direct reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Direct reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Wake kswapd requests 392119 1201712 571935 571921
Kswapd wakeups 3 2 3 3
Kswapd pages scanned 4601307 4128076 3912317 3377165
Kswapd pages reclaimed 2432523 2318797 2312673 2144616
Kswapd reclaim write file async I/O 20 1 1 1
Kswapd reclaim write anon async I/O 57 132 11 121
Kswapd reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Kswapd reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Time stalled direct reclaim (seconds) 6.19 7.30 13.04 10.88
Time kswapd awake (seconds) 21.73 26.51 25.55 23.90
Total pages scanned 5231132 5091890 4976255 5089100
Total pages reclaimed 2508073 2561335 2463577 2532263
%age total pages scanned/reclaimed 47.95% 50.30% 49.51% 49.76%
%age total pages scanned/written 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
%age file pages scanned/written 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Percentage Time Spent Direct Reclaim 18.89% 20.65% 32.65% 27.65%
Percentage Time kswapd Awake 72.39% 80.68% 78.21% 77.40%
Again, a similar trend that the congestion_wait changes mean that direct
reclaim scans more pages but the overall number of pages scanned while
slightly reduced, are very similar. The ratio of scanning/reclaimed
remains roughly similar. The downside is that kswapd and direct reclaim
was awake longer and for a larger percentage of the overall workload.
It's possible there were big differences in the amount of time spent
reclaiming slab pages between the different kernels which is plausible
considering that the micro tests runs after fsmark and sysbench.
Trace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 845 1312 104 0
Direct time congest waited 19416ms 26560ms 7544ms 0ms
Direct full congest waited 745 1105 72 0
Direct number conditional waited 0 0 1322 2935
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 12ms 312ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 3
KSwapd number congest waited 39 102 75 63
KSwapd time congest waited 2484ms 6760ms 5756ms 3716ms
KSwapd full congest waited 20 48 46 25
KSwapd number conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
The vanilla kernel spent 20 seconds asleep in direct reclaim and only
312ms asleep with the patches. The time kswapd spent congest waited was
also reduced by a large factor.
MMTests Statistics: duration
ser/Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 26.58 28.05 26.9 28.47
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 30.02 32.86 32.67 30.88
With all patches applies, the completion times are very similar.
X86-64 STRESS-HIGHALLOC
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3waitwriteback-v2r4
Pass 1 82.00 ( 0.00%) 84.00 ( 2.00%) 85.00 ( 3.00%) 85.00 ( 3.00%)
Pass 2 90.00 ( 0.00%) 87.00 (-3.00%) 88.00 (-2.00%) 89.00 (-1.00%)
At Rest 92.00 ( 0.00%) 90.00 (-2.00%) 90.00 (-2.00%) 91.00 (-1.00%)
Success figures across the board are broadly similar.
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3waitwriteback-v2r4
Direct reclaims 1045 944 886 887
Direct reclaim pages scanned 135091 119604 109382 101019
Direct reclaim pages reclaimed 88599 47535 47863 46671
Direct reclaim write file async I/O 494 283 465 280
Direct reclaim write anon async I/O 29357 13710 16656 13462
Direct reclaim write file sync I/O 154 2 2 3
Direct reclaim write anon sync I/O 14594 571 509 561
Wake kswapd requests 7491 933 872 892
Kswapd wakeups 814 778 731 780
Kswapd pages scanned 7290822 15341158 11916436 13703442
Kswapd pages reclaimed 3587336 3142496 3094392 3187151
Kswapd reclaim write file async I/O 91975 32317 28022 29628
Kswapd reclaim write anon async I/O 1992022 789307 829745 849769
Kswapd reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Kswapd reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Time stalled direct reclaim (seconds) 4588.93 2467.16 2495.41 2547.07
Time kswapd awake (seconds) 2497.66 1020.16 1098.06 1176.82
Total pages scanned 7425913 15460762 12025818 13804461
Total pages reclaimed 3675935 3190031 3142255 3233822
%age total pages scanned/reclaimed 49.50% 20.63% 26.13% 23.43%
%age total pages scanned/written 28.66% 5.41% 7.28% 6.47%
%age file pages scanned/written 1.25% 0.21% 0.24% 0.22%
Percentage Time Spent Direct Reclaim 57.33% 42.15% 42.41% 42.99%
Percentage Time kswapd Awake 43.56% 27.87% 29.76% 31.25%
Scanned/reclaimed ratios again look good with big improvements in
efficiency. The Scanned/written ratios also look much improved. With a
better scanned/written ration, there is an expectation that IO would be
more efficient and indeed, the time spent in direct reclaim is much
reduced by the full series and kswapd spends a little less time awake.
Overall, indications here are that allocations were happening much faster
and this can be seen with a graph of the latency figures as the
allocations were taking place
http://www.csn.ul.ie/~mel/postings/vmscanreduce-20101509/highalloc-interlatency-hydra-mean.ps
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 1333 204 169 4
Direct time congest waited 78896ms 8288ms 7260ms 200ms
Direct full congest waited 756 92 69 2
Direct number conditional waited 0 0 26 186
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 2504ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 25
KSwapd number congest waited 4 395 227 282
KSwapd time congest waited 384ms 25136ms 10508ms 18380ms
KSwapd full congest waited 3 232 98 176
KSwapd number conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd full conditional waited 318 0 312 9
Overall, the time spent speeping is reduced. kswapd is still hitting
congestion_wait() but that is because there are callers remaining where it
wasn't clear in advance if they should be changed to wait_iff_congested()
or not. Overall the sleep imes are reduced though - from 79ish seconds to
about 19.
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 3415.43 3386.65 3388.39 3377.5
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 5733.48 3660.33 3689.41 3765.39
With the full series, the time to complete the tests are reduced by 30%
PPC64 STRESS-HIGHALLOC
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3waitwriteback-v2r4
Pass 1 17.00 ( 0.00%) 34.00 (17.00%) 38.00 (21.00%) 43.00 (26.00%)
Pass 2 25.00 ( 0.00%) 37.00 (12.00%) 42.00 (17.00%) 46.00 (21.00%)
At Rest 49.00 ( 0.00%) 43.00 (-6.00%) 45.00 (-4.00%) 51.00 ( 2.00%)
Success rates there are *way* up particularly considering that the 16MB
huge pages on PPC64 mean that it's always much harder to allocate them.
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: vmscan
stress-highalloc stress-highalloc stress-highalloc stress-highalloc
traceonly-v2r2 lowlumpy-v2r3 waitcongest-v2r3waitwriteback-v2r4
Direct reclaims 499 505 564 509
Direct reclaim pages scanned 223478 41898 51818 45605
Direct reclaim pages reclaimed 137730 21148 27161 23455
Direct reclaim write file async I/O 399 136 162 136
Direct reclaim write anon async I/O 46977 2865 4686 3998
Direct reclaim write file sync I/O 29 0 1 3
Direct reclaim write anon sync I/O 31023 159 237 239
Wake kswapd requests 420 351 360 326
Kswapd wakeups 185 294 249 277
Kswapd pages scanned 15703488 16392500 17821724 17598737
Kswapd pages reclaimed 5808466 2908858 3139386 3145435
Kswapd reclaim write file async I/O 159938 18400 18717 13473
Kswapd reclaim write anon async I/O 3467554 228957 322799 234278
Kswapd reclaim write file sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Kswapd reclaim write anon sync I/O 0 0 0 0
Time stalled direct reclaim (seconds) 9665.35 1707.81 2374.32 1871.23
Time kswapd awake (seconds) 9401.21 1367.86 1951.75 1328.88
Total pages scanned 15926966 16434398 17873542 17644342
Total pages reclaimed 5946196 2930006 3166547 3168890
%age total pages scanned/reclaimed 37.33% 17.83% 17.72% 17.96%
%age total pages scanned/written 23.27% 1.52% 1.94% 1.43%
%age file pages scanned/written 1.01% 0.11% 0.11% 0.08%
Percentage Time Spent Direct Reclaim 44.55% 35.10% 41.42% 36.91%
Percentage Time kswapd Awake 86.71% 43.58% 52.67% 41.14%
While the scanning rates are slightly up, the scanned/reclaimed and
scanned/written figures are much improved. The time spent in direct
reclaim and with kswapd are massively reduced, mostly by the lowlumpy
patches.
FTrace Reclaim Statistics: congestion_wait
Direct number congest waited 725 303 126 3
Direct time congest waited 45524ms 9180ms 5936ms 300ms
Direct full congest waited 487 190 52 3
Direct number conditional waited 0 0 200 301
Direct time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 1904ms
Direct full conditional waited 0 0 0 19
KSwapd number congest waited 0 2 23 4
KSwapd time congest waited 0ms 200ms 420ms 404ms
KSwapd full congest waited 0 2 2 4
KSwapd number conditional waited 0 0 0 0
KSwapd time conditional waited 0ms 0ms 0ms 0ms
KSwapd full conditional waited 0 0 0 0
Not as dramatic a story here but the time spent asleep is reduced and we
can still see what wait_iff_congested is going to sleep when necessary.
MMTests Statistics: duration
User/Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 12028.09 3157.17 3357.79 3199.16
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 10842.07 3138.72 3705.54 3229.85
The time to complete this test goes way down. With the full series, we
are allocating over twice the number of huge pages in 30% of the time and
there is a corresponding impact on the allocation latency graph available
at.
http://www.csn.ul.ie/~mel/postings/vmscanreduce-20101509/highalloc-interlatency-powyah-mean.ps
This patch:
Add a trace event for shrink_inactive_list() and updates the sample
postprocessing script appropriately. It can be used to determine how many
pages were reclaimed and for non-lumpy reclaim where exactly the pages
were reclaimed from.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch renames the idmapper upcall program from nfs.upcall to nfs.idmap in
the NFS documentation. This is because the program has been renamed in the
nfs-utils source.
Signed-off-by: Bryan Schumaker <bjschuma@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'for-2.6.37' of git://linux-nfs.org/~bfields/linux: (99 commits)
svcrpc: svc_tcp_sendto XPT_DEAD check is redundant
svcrpc: no need for XPT_DEAD check in svc_xprt_enqueue
svcrpc: assume svc_delete_xprt() called only once
svcrpc: never clear XPT_BUSY on dead xprt
nfsd4: fix connection allocation in sequence()
nfsd4: only require krb5 principal for NFSv4.0 callbacks
nfsd4: move minorversion to client
nfsd4: delay session removal till free_client
nfsd4: separate callback change and callback probe
nfsd4: callback program number is per-session
nfsd4: track backchannel connections
nfsd4: confirm only on succesful create_session
nfsd4: make backchannel sequence number per-session
nfsd4: use client pointer to backchannel session
nfsd4: move callback setup into session init code
nfsd4: don't cache seq_misordered replies
SUNRPC: Properly initialize sock_xprt.srcaddr in all cases
SUNRPC: Use conventional switch statement when reclassifying sockets
sunrpc/xprtrdma: clean up workqueue usage
sunrpc: Turn list_for_each-s into the ..._entry-s
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (two different deprecation notices added in
separate branches) in Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt
* 'nfs-for-2.6.37' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6:
net/sunrpc: Use static const char arrays
nfs4: fix channel attribute sanity-checks
NFSv4.1: Use more sensible names for 'initialize_mountpoint'
NFSv4.1: pnfs: filelayout: add driver's LAYOUTGET and GETDEVICEINFO infrastructure
NFSv4.1: pnfs: add LAYOUTGET and GETDEVICEINFO infrastructure
NFS: client needs to maintain list of inodes with active layouts
NFS: create and destroy inode's layout cache
NFSv4.1: pnfs: filelayout: introduce minimal file layout driver
NFSv4.1: pnfs: full mount/umount infrastructure
NFS: set layout driver
NFS: ask for layouttypes during v4 fsinfo call
NFS: change stateid to be a union
NFSv4.1: pnfsd, pnfs: protocol level pnfs constants
SUNRPC: define xdr_decode_opaque_fixed
NFSD: remove duplicate NFS4_STATEID_SIZE
Documentation: Fix trivial typo in filesystems/sharedsubtree.txt
This typo is easy to ignore unless you have spent a great deal of time
thinking about how to eliminate duplicate dentries in unions.
Signed-off-by: Valerie Aurora <vaurora@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
* 'hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/groeck/staging: (24 commits)
hwmon: lis3: Release resources in case of failure
hwmon: lis3: Short explanations of platform data fields
hwmon: lis3: Enhance lis3 selftest with IRQ line test
hwmon: lis3: use block read to access data registers
hwmon: lis3: Adjust fuzziness for 8 bit device
hwmon: lis3: New parameters to platform data
hwmon: lis3: restore axis enabled bits
hwmon: lis3: Power on corrections
hwmon: lis3: Update coordinates at polled device open
hwmon: lis3: Cleanup interrupt handling
hwmon: lis3: regulator control
hwmon: lis3: pm_runtime support
Kirkwood: add fan support for Network Space Max v2
hwmon: add generic GPIO fan driver
hwmon: (coretemp) fix reading of microcode revision (v2)
hwmon: ({core, pkg, via-cpu}temp) remove unnecessary CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU ifdefs
hwmon: (pkgtemp) align driver initialization style with coretemp
hwmon: LTC4261 Hardware monitoring driver
hwmon: (lis3) add axes module parameter for custom axis-mapping
hwmon: (hp_accel) Add HP Mini 510x family support
...
This driver adds support for Linear Technology LTC4261 I2C Negative
Voltage Hot Swap Controller.
Reviewed-by: Ira W. Snyder <iws@ovro.caltech.edu>
Reviewed-by: Tom Grennan <tom.grennan@ericsson.com>
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <guenter.roeck@ericsson.com>
* 'nfs-for-2.6.37' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6: (67 commits)
SUNRPC: Cleanup duplicate assignment in rpcauth_refreshcred
nfs: fix unchecked value
Ask for time_delta during fsinfo probe
Revalidate caches on lock
SUNRPC: After calling xprt_release(), we must restart from call_reserve
NFSv4: Fix up the 'dircount' hint in encode_readdir
NFSv4: Clean up nfs4_decode_dirent
NFSv4: nfs4_decode_dirent must clear entry->fattr->valid
NFSv4: Fix a regression in decode_getfattr
NFSv4: Fix up decode_attr_filehandle() to handle the case of empty fh pointer
NFS: Ensure we check all allocation return values in new readdir code
NFS: Readdir plus in v4
NFS: introduce generic decode_getattr function
NFS: check xdr_decode for errors
NFS: nfs_readdir_filler catch all errors
NFS: readdir with vmapped pages
NFS: remove page size checking code
NFS: decode_dirent should use an xdr_stream
SUNRPC: Add a helper function xdr_inline_peek
NFS: remove readdir plus limit
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6: (365 commits)
ALSA: hda - Disable sticky PCM stream assignment for AD codecs
ALSA: usb - Creative USB X-Fi volume knob support
ALSA: ca0106: Use card specific dac id for mute controls.
ALSA: ca0106: Allow different sound cards to use different SPI channel mappings.
ALSA: ca0106: Create a nice spot for mapping channels to dacs.
ALSA: ca0106: Move enabling of front dac out of hardcoded setup sequence.
ALSA: ca0106: Pull out dac powering routine into separate function.
ALSA: ca0106 - add Sound Blaster 5.1vx info.
ASoC: tlv320dac33: Use usleep_range for delays
ALSA: usb-audio: add Novation Launchpad support
ALSA: hda - Add workarounds for CT-IBG controllers
ALSA: hda - Fix wrong TLV mute bit for STAC/IDT codecs
ASoC: tpa6130a2: Error handling for broken chip
ASoC: max98088: Staticise m98088_eq_band
ASoC: soc-core: Fix codec->name memory leak
ALSA: hda - Apply ideapad quirk to Acer laptops with Cxt5066
ALSA: hda - Add some workarounds for Creative IBG
ALSA: hda - Fix wrong SPDIF NID assignment for CA0110
ALSA: hda - Fix codec rename rules for ALC662-compatible codecs
ALSA: hda - Add alc_init_jacks() call to other codecs
...
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mjg59/platform-drivers-x86: (44 commits)
eeepc-wmi: Add cpufv sysfs interface
eeepc-wmi: add additional hotkeys
panasonic-laptop: Simplify calls to acpi_pcc_retrieve_biosdata
panasonic-laptop: Handle errors properly if they happen
intel_pmic_gpio: fix off-by-one value range checking
IBM Real-Time "SMI Free" mode driver -v7
Add OLPC XO-1 rfkill driver
Move hdaps driver to platform/x86
ideapad-laptop: Fix Makefile
intel_pmic_gpio: swap the bits and mask args for intel_scu_ipc_update_register
ideapad: Add param: no_bt_rfkill
ideapad: Change the driver name to ideapad-laptop
ideapad: rewrite the sw rfkill set
ideapad: rewrite the hw rfkill notify
ideapad: use EC command to control camera
ideapad: use return value of _CFG to tell if device exist or not
ideapad: make sure we bind on the correct device
ideapad: check VPC bit before sync rfkill hw status
ideapad: add ACPI helpers
dell-laptop: Add debugfs support
...
* 'ieee1394-removal' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6:
ieee1394: remove the old IEEE 1394 driver stack
ieee1394: move init_ohci1394_dma to drivers/firewire/
Fix trivial change/delete conflict: drivers/ieee1394/eth1394.c is
getting removed, but was modified by the networking merge.
Switch default value of the kernel parameter 'topology' from off to on.
Various performance measurements have finally shown that there are no
(known) regressions anywhere.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Allow a module implementing a layout type to register, and
have its mount/umount routines called for filesystems that
the server declares support it.
Signed-off-by: Fred Isaman <iisaman@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Eshel <eshel@almaden.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andy Adamson<andros@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Bian Naimeng <biannm@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@panasas.com>
Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
* 'kvm-updates/2.6.37' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (321 commits)
KVM: Drop CONFIG_DMAR dependency around kvm_iommu_map_pages
KVM: Fix signature of kvm_iommu_map_pages stub
KVM: MCE: Send SRAR SIGBUS directly
KVM: MCE: Add MCG_SER_P into KVM_MCE_CAP_SUPPORTED
KVM: fix typo in copyright notice
KVM: Disable interrupts around get_kernel_ns()
KVM: MMU: Avoid sign extension in mmu_alloc_direct_roots() pae root address
KVM: MMU: move access code parsing to FNAME(walk_addr) function
KVM: MMU: audit: check whether have unsync sps after root sync
KVM: MMU: audit: introduce audit_printk to cleanup audit code
KVM: MMU: audit: unregister audit tracepoints before module unloaded
KVM: MMU: audit: fix vcpu's spte walking
KVM: MMU: set access bit for direct mapping
KVM: MMU: cleanup for error mask set while walk guest page table
KVM: MMU: update 'root_hpa' out of loop in PAE shadow path
KVM: x86 emulator: Eliminate compilation warning in x86_decode_insn()
KVM: x86: Fix constant type in kvm_get_time_scale
KVM: VMX: Add AX to list of registers clobbered by guest switch
KVM guest: Move a printk that's using the clock before it's ready
KVM: x86: TSC catchup mode
...
The default state of 'kvm-amd.nested' is enabled now, so fix the documentation
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
This is the guest side of the mtsr acceleration. Using this a guest can now
call mtsrin with almost no overhead as long as it ensures that it only uses
it with (MSR_IR|MSR_DR) == 0. Linux does that, so we're good.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Basic informational document about x86 timekeeping and how KVM
is affected.
Signed-off-by: Zachary Amsden <zamsden@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
no-kvmclock kernel parameter is missing its explanation in
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt. Add it.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
We need to tell the guest the opcodes that make up a hypercall through
interfaces that are controlled by userspace. So we need to add a call
for userspace to allow it to query those opcodes so it can pass them
on.
This is required because the hypercall opcodes can change based on
the hypervisor conditions. If we're running in hardware accelerated
hypervisor mode, a hypercall looks different from when we're running
without hardware acceleration.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
We just introduced a new PV interface that screams for documentation. So here
it is - a shiny new and awesome text file describing the internal works of
the PPC KVM paravirtual interface.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next-2.6: (1699 commits)
bnx2/bnx2x: Unsupported Ethtool operations should return -EINVAL.
vlan: Calling vlan_hwaccel_do_receive() is always valid.
tproxy: use the interface primary IP address as a default value for --on-ip
tproxy: added IPv6 support to the socket match
cxgb3: function namespace cleanup
tproxy: added IPv6 support to the TPROXY target
tproxy: added IPv6 socket lookup function to nf_tproxy_core
be2net: Changes to use only priority codes allowed by f/w
tproxy: allow non-local binds of IPv6 sockets if IP_TRANSPARENT is enabled
tproxy: added tproxy sockopt interface in the IPV6 layer
tproxy: added udp6_lib_lookup function
tproxy: added const specifiers to udp lookup functions
tproxy: split off ipv6 defragmentation to a separate module
l2tp: small cleanup
nf_nat: restrict ICMP translation for embedded header
can: mcp251x: fix generation of error frames
can: mcp251x: fix endless loop in interrupt handler if CANINTF_MERRF is set
can-raw: add msg_flags to distinguish local traffic
9p: client code cleanup
rds: make local functions/variables static
...
Fix up conflicts in net/core/dev.c, drivers/net/pcmcia/smc91c92_cs.c and
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath9k/debug.c as per David
This reverts commit f4a3e0bceb. Jiri
Sladby points out that the tty structure we're using may already be
gone, and Al Viro doesn't hold back in complaining about the random
loading of 'filp->private_data' which doesn't have to be a pointer at
all, nor does checking the magic field for TTY_MAGIC prove anything.
Belated review by Al:
"a) global variable depending on stdin of the last opener? Affecting
output of read(2)? Really?
b) iterator is broken; list should be locked in ->start(), unlocked in
->stop() and *NOT* unlocked/relocked in ->next()
c) ->show() ought to do nothing in case of ->device == NULL, instead
of skipping those in ->next()/->start()
d) regardless of the merits of the bright idea about asterisk at that
line in output *and* regardless of (a), the implementation is not
only atrociously ugly, it's actually very likely to be a roothole.
Verifying that Cthulhu knows what number happens to be address of a
tty_struct by blindly dereferencing memory at that address...
Ouch.
Please revert that crap."
And Christoph pipes in and NAK's the approach of walking fd tables etc
too. So it's pretty unanimous.
Noticed-by: Jri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb-2.6: (141 commits)
USB: mct_u232: fix broken close
USB: gadget: amd5536udc.c: fix error path
USB: imx21-hcd - fix off by one resource size calculation
usb: gadget: fix Kconfig warning
usb: r8a66597-udc: Add processing when USB was removed.
mxc_udc: add workaround for ENGcm09152 for i.MX35
USB: ftdi_sio: add device ids for ScienceScope
USB: musb: AM35x: Workaround for fifo read issue
USB: musb: add musb support for AM35x
USB: AM35x: Add musb support
usb: Fix linker errors with CONFIG_PM=n
USB: ohci-sh - use resource_size instead of defining its own resource_len macro
USB: isp1362-hcd - use resource_size instead of defining its own resource_len macro
USB: isp116x-hcd - use resource_size instead of defining its own resource_len macro
USB: xhci: Fix compile error when CONFIG_PM=n
USB: accept some invalid ep0-maxpacket values
USB: xHCI: PCI power management implementation
USB: xHCI: bus power management implementation
USB: xHCI: port remote wakeup implementation
USB: xHCI: port power management implementation
...
Manually fix up (non-data) conflict: the SCSI merge gad renamed the
'hw_sector_size' member to 'physical_block_size', and the USB tree
brought a new use of it.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty-2.6: (49 commits)
serial8250: ratelimit "too much work" error
serial: bfin_sport_uart: speed up sport RX sample rate to be 3% faster
serial: abstraction for 8250 legacy ports
serial/imx: check that the buffer is non-empty before sending it out
serial: mfd: add more baud rates support
jsm: Remove the uart port on errors
Alchemy: Add UART PM methods.
8250: allow platforms to override PM hook.
altera_uart: Don't use plain integer as NULL pointer
altera_uart: Fix missing prototype for registering an early console
altera_uart: Fixup type usage of port flags
altera_uart: Make it possible to use Altera UART and 8250 ports together
altera_uart: Add support for different address strides
altera_uart: Add support for getting mapbase and IRQ from resources
altera_uart: Add support for polling mode (IRQ-less)
serial: Factor out uart_poll_timeout() from 8250 driver
serial: mark the 8250 driver as maintained
serial: 8250: Don't delay after transmitter is ready.
tty: MAINTAINERS: add drivers/serial/jsm/ as maintained driver
vcs: invoke the vt update callback when /dev/vcs* is written to
...
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core-2.6: (31 commits)
driver core: Display error codes when class suspend fails
Driver core: Add section count to memory_block struct
Driver core: Add mutex for adding/removing memory blocks
Driver core: Move find_memory_block routine
hpilo: Despecificate driver from iLO generation
driver core: Convert link_mem_sections to use find_memory_block_hinted.
driver core: Introduce find_memory_block_hinted which utilizes kset_find_obj_hinted.
kobject: Introduce kset_find_obj_hinted.
driver core: fix build for CONFIG_BLOCK not enabled
driver-core: base: change to new flag variable
sysfs: only access bin file vm_ops with the active lock
sysfs: Fail bin file mmap if vma close is implemented.
FW_LOADER: fix kconfig dependency warning on HOTPLUG
uio: Statically allocate uio_class and use class .dev_attrs.
uio: Support 2^MINOR_BITS minors
uio: Cleanup irq handling.
uio: Don't clear driver data
uio: Fix lack of locking in init_uio_class
SYSFS: Allow boot time switching between deprecated and modern sysfs layout
driver core: remove CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 but keep it for block devices
...
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: remove in_workqueue_context()
workqueue: Clarify that schedule_on_each_cpu is synchronous
memory_hotplug: drop spurious calls to flush_scheduled_work()
shpchp: update workqueue usage
pciehp: update workqueue usage
isdn/eicon: don't call flush_scheduled_work() from diva_os_remove_soft_isr()
workqueue: add and use WQ_MEM_RECLAIM flag
workqueue: fix HIGHPRI handling in keep_working()
workqueue: add queue_work and activate_work trace points
workqueue: prepare for more tracepoints
workqueue: implement flush[_delayed]_work_sync()
workqueue: factor out start_flush_work()
workqueue: cleanup flush/cancel functions
workqueue: implement alloc_ordered_workqueue()
Fix up trivial conflict in fs/gfs2/main.c as per Tejun
