slab_is_available() indicates slab based allocators are available for use.
SPARSEMEM code needs to know this as it can be called at various times
during the boot process.
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <kravetz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
transfer_objects should only be called when all of the cpus in the
node are online. CPU_DEAD notifier callback marks l3->shared to NULL.
Signed-off-by: Jacob Shin <jacob.shin@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Few of the notifier_chain_register() callers use __init in the definition
of notifier_call. It is incorrect as the function definition should be
available after the initializations (they do not unregister them during
initializations).
This patch fixes all such usages to _not_ have the notifier_call __init
section.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The earlier patch to consolidate mmu and nommu page allocation and
refcounting by using compound pages for nommu allocations had a bug:
kmalloc slabs who's pages were initially allocated by a non-__GFP_COMP
allocator could be passed into mm/nommu.c kmalloc allocations which really
wanted __GFP_COMP underlying pages. Fix that by having nommu pass
__GFP_COMP to all higher order slab allocations.
Signed-off-by: Luke Yang <luke.adi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Add a statistics counter which is incremented everytime the alien cache
overflows. alien_cache limit is hardcoded to 12 right now. We can use
this statistics to tune alien cache if needed in the future.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
this changes if() BUG(); constructs to BUG_ON() which is
cleaner, contains unlikely() and can better optimized away.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sesterhenn <snakebyte@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
We have had this memory leak for a while now. The situation is complicated
by the use of alloc_kmemlist() as a function to resize various caches by
do_tune_cpucache().
What we do here is first of all make sure that we deallocate properly in
the loop over all the nodes.
If we are just resizing caches then we can simply return with -ENOMEM if an
allocation fails.
If the cache is new then we need to rollback and remove all earlier
allocations.
We detect that a cache is new by checking if the link to the global cache
chain has been setup. This is a bit hackish ....
(also fix up too overlong lines that I added in the last patch...)
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Inspired by Jesper Juhl's patch from today
1. Get rid of err
We do not set it to anything else but zero.
2. Drop the CONFIG_NUMA stuff.
There are definitions for alloc_alien_cache and free_alien_cache()
that do the right thing for the non NUMA case.
3. Better naming of variables.
4. Remove redundant cachep->nodelists[node] expressions.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
__drain_alien_cache() currently drains objects by freeing them to the
(remote) freelists of the original node. However, each node also has a
shared list containing objects to be used on any processor of that node.
We can avoid a number of remote node accesses by copying the pointers to
the free objects directly into the remote shared array.
And while we are at it: Skip alien draining if the alien cache spinlock is
already taken.
Kiran reported that this is a performance benefit.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
slabr_objects() can be used to transfer objects between various object
caches of the slab allocator. It is currently only used during
__cache_alloc() to retrieve elements from the shared array. We will be
using it soon to transfer elements from the alien caches to the remote
shared array.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Convert mm/ to use the new kmem_cache_zalloc allocator.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce a memory-zeroing variant of kmem_cache_alloc. The allocator
already exits in XFS and there are potential users for it so this patch
makes the allocator available for the general public.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The hook in the slab cache allocation path to handle cpuset memory
spreading for tasks in cpusets with 'memory_spread_slab' enabled has a
modest performance bug. The hook calls into the memory spreading handler
alternate_node_alloc() if either of 'memory_spread_slab' or
'memory_spread_page' is enabled, even though the handler does nothing
(albeit harmlessly) for the page case
Fix - drop PF_SPREAD_PAGE from the set of flag bits that are used to
trigger a call to alternate_node_alloc().
The page case is handled by separate hooks -- see the calls conditioned on
cpuset_do_page_mem_spread() in mm/filemap.c
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The hooks in the slab cache allocator code path for support of NUMA
mempolicies and cpuset memory spreading are in an important code path. Many
systems will use neither feature.
This patch optimizes those hooks down to a single check of some bits in the
current tasks task_struct flags. For non NUMA systems, this hook and related
code is already ifdef'd out.
The optimization is done by using another task flag, set if the task is using
a non-default NUMA mempolicy. Taking this flag bit along with the
PF_SPREAD_PAGE and PF_SPREAD_SLAB flag bits added earlier in this 'cpuset
memory spreading' patch set, one can check for the combination of any of these
special case memory placement mechanisms with a single test of the current
tasks task_struct flags.
This patch also tightens up the code, to save a few bytes of kernel text
space, and moves some of it out of line. Due to the nested inlines called
from multiple places, we were ending up with three copies of this code, which
once we get off the main code path (for local node allocation) seems a bit
wasteful of instruction memory.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Provide the slab cache infrastructure to support cpuset memory spreading.
See the previous patches, cpuset_mem_spread, for an explanation of cpuset
memory spreading.
This patch provides a slab cache SLAB_MEM_SPREAD flag. If set in the
kmem_cache_create() call defining a slab cache, then any task marked with the
process state flag PF_MEMSPREAD will spread memory page allocations for that
cache over all the allowed nodes, instead of preferring the local (faulting)
node.
On systems not configured with CONFIG_NUMA, this results in no change to the
page allocation code path for slab caches.
On systems with cpusets configured in the kernel, but the "memory_spread"
cpuset option not enabled for the current tasks cpuset, this adds a call to a
cpuset routine and failed bit test of the processor state flag PF_SPREAD_SLAB.
For tasks so marked, a second inline test is done for the slab cache flag
SLAB_MEM_SPREAD, and if that is set and if the allocation is not
in_interrupt(), this adds a call to to a cpuset routine that computes which of
the tasks mems_allowed nodes should be preferred for this allocation.
==> This patch adds another hook into the performance critical
code path to allocating objects from the slab cache, in the
____cache_alloc() chunk, below. The next patch optimizes this
hook, reducing the impact of the combined mempolicy plus memory
spreading hooks on this critical code path to a single check
against the tasks task_struct flags word.
This patch provides the generic slab flags and logic needed to apply memory
spreading to a particular slab.
A subsequent patch will mark a few specific slab caches for this placement
policy.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The alien cache rotor in mm/slab.c assumes that the first online node is
node 0. Eventually for some archs, especially with hotplug, this will no
longer be true.
Fix the interleave rotor to handle the general case of node numbering.
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The list_lock also protects the shared array and we call drain_array() with
the shared array. Therefore we cannot go as far as I wanted to but have to
take the lock in a way so that it also protects the array_cache in
drain_pages.
(Note: maybe we should make the array_cache locking more consistent? I.e.
always take the array cache lock for shared arrays and disable interrupts
for the per cpu arrays?)
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove drain_array_locked and use that opportunity to limit the time the l3
lock is taken further.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
And a parameter to drain_array to control the freeing of all objects and
then use drain_array() to replace instances of drain_array_locked with
drain_array. Doing so will avoid taking locks in those locations if the
arrays are empty.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
cache_reap takes the l3->list_lock (disabling interrupts) unconditionally
and then does a few checks and maybe does some cleanup. This patch makes
cache_reap() only take the lock if there is work to do and then the lock is
taken and released for each cleaning action.
The checking of when to do the next reaping is done without any locking and
becomes racy. Should not matter since reaping can also be skipped if the
slab mutex cannot be acquired.
The same is true for the touched processing. If we get this wrong once in
awhile then we will mistakenly clean or not clean the shared cache. This
will impact performance slightly.
Note that the additional drain_array() function introduced here will fall
out in a subsequent patch since array cleaning will now be very similar
from all callers.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Now that compound page handling is properly fixed in the VM, move nommu
over to using compound pages rather than rolling their own refcounting.
nommu vm page refcounting is broken anyway, but there is no need to have
divergent code in the core VM now, nor when it gets fixed.
Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
(Needs testing, please).
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
SLAB_NO_REAP is documented as an option that will cause this slab not to be
reaped under memory pressure. However, that is not what happens. The only
thing that SLAB_NO_REAP controls at the moment is the reclaim of the unused
slab elements that were allocated in batch in cache_reap(). Cache_reap()
is run every few seconds independently of memory pressure.
Could we remove the whole thing? Its only used by three slabs anyways and
I cannot find a reason for having this option.
There is an additional problem with SLAB_NO_REAP. If set then the recovery
of objects from alien caches is switched off. Objects not freed on the
same node where they were initially allocated will only be reused if a
certain amount of objects accumulates from one alien node (not very likely)
or if the cache is explicitly shrunk. (Strangely __cache_shrink does not
check for SLAB_NO_REAP)
Getting rid of SLAB_NO_REAP fixes the problems with alien cache freeing.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove cachep->spinlock. Locking has moved to the kmem_list3 and most of
the structures protected earlier by cachep->spinlock is now protected by
the l3->list_lock. slab cache tunables like batchcount are accessed always
with the cache_chain_mutex held.
Patch tested on SMP and NUMA kernels with dbench processes running,
constant onlining/offlining, and constant cache tuning, all at the same
time.
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
slab.c has become a bit revolting again. Try to repair it.
- Coding style fixes
- Don't do assignments-in-if-statements.
- Don't typecast assignments to/from void*
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Extract setup_cpu_cache() function from kmem_cache_create() to make the
latter a little less complex.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Clean up the object to index mapping that has been spread around mm/slab.c.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The cache reaper currently tries to free all alien caches and all remote
per cpu pages in each pass of cache_reap. For a machines with large number
of nodes (such as Altix) this may lead to sporadic delays of around ~10ms.
Interrupts are disabled while reclaiming creating unacceptable delays.
This patch changes that behavior by adding a per cpu reap_node variable.
Instead of attempting to free all caches, we free only one alien cache and
the per cpu pages from one remote node. That reduces the time spend in
cache_reap. However, doing so will lengthen the time it takes to
completely drain all remote per cpu pagesets and all alien caches. The
time needed will grow with the number of nodes in the system. All caches
are drained when they overflow their respective capacity. So the drawback
here is only that a bit of memory may be wasted for awhile longer.
Details:
1. Rename drain_remote_pages to drain_node_pages to allow the specification
of the node to drain of pcp pages.
2. Add additional functions init_reap_node, next_reap_node for NUMA
that manage a per cpu reap_node counter.
3. Add a reap_alien function that reaps only from the current reap_node.
For us this seems to be a critical issue. Holdoffs of an average of ~7ms
cause some HPC benchmarks to slow down significantly. F.e. NAS parallel
slows down dramatically. NAS parallel has a 12-16 seconds runtime w/o rotor
compared to 5.8 secs with the rotor patches. It gets down to 5.05 secs with
the additional interrupt holdoff reductions.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
kmem_cache_init() incorrectly assumes that the cache_cache object will fit
in an order 0 allocation. On very large systems, this is not true. Change
the code to try larger order allocations if order 0 fails.
Signed-off-by: Jack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Instead of having a hard-to-read and confusing conditional in the
caller, just make the slab order calculation handle this special case,
since it's simple and obvious there.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
If we triggered the 'offslab_limit' test, we would return with
cachep->gfporder incremented once too many times.
This clarifies the logic somewhat, and fixes that bug.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
We want to use the "struct slab" size, not the size of the pointer to
same. As it is, we'd not print out the last <n> entry pointers in the
slab (where <n> is ~10, depending on whether it's a 32-bit or 64-bit
kernel).
Gaah, that slab code was written by somebody who likes unreadable crud.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Prevents deadlock situation between
kmem_cache_create()/kmem_cache_destory(), and kmem_cache_create() /cpu
hotplug. The locking order probably got moved over time.
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
The non-NUMA case would do an unmatched "free_alien_cache()" on an alien
pointer that had never been allocated.
It might not matter from a code generation standpoint (since in the
non-NUMA case, the code doesn't actually _do_ anything), but it not only
results in a compiler warning, it's really really ugly too.
Fix the compiler warning by just having a matching dummy allocation.
That also avoids an unnecessary #ifdef in the code.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This fixes locking and bugs in cpu_down and cpu_up paths of the NUMA slab
allocator. Sonny Rao <sonny@burdell.org> reported problems sometime back on
POWER5 boxes, when the last cpu on the nodes were being offlined. We could
not reproduce the same on x86_64 because the cpumask (node_to_cpumask) was not
being updated on cpu down. Since that issue is now fixed, we can reproduce
Sonny's problems on x86_64 NUMA, and here is the fix.
The problem earlier was on CPU_DOWN, if it was the last cpu on the node to go
down, the array_caches (shared, alien) and the kmem_list3 of the node were
being freed (kfree) with the kmem_list3 lock held. If the l3 or the
array_caches were to come from the same cache being cleared, we hit on
badness.
This patch cleans up the locking in cpu_up and cpu_down path. We cannot
really free l3 on cpu down because, there is no node offlining yet and even
though a cpu is not yet up, node local memory can be allocated for it. So l3s
are usually allocated at keme_cache_create and destroyed at
kmem_cache_destroy. Hence, we don't need cachep->spinlock protection to get
to the cachep->nodelist[nodeid] either.
Patch survived onlining and offlining on a 4 core 2 node Tyan box with a 4
dbench process running all the time.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Earlier, we had to disable on chip interrupts while taking the
cachep->spinlock because, at cache_grow, on every addition of a slab to a slab
cache, we incremented colour_next which was protected by the cachep->spinlock,
and cache_grow could occur at interrupt context. Since, now we protect the
per-node colour_next with the node's list_lock, we do not need to disable on
chip interrupts while taking the per-cache spinlock, but we just need to
disable interrupts when taking the per-node kmem_list3 list_lock.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
colour_next is used as an index to add a colouring offset to a new slab in the
cache (colour_off * colour_next). Now with the NUMA aware slab allocator, it
makes sense to colour slabs added on the same node sequentially with
colour_next.
This patch moves the colouring index "colour_next" per-node by placing it on
kmem_list3 rather than kmem_cache.
This also helps simplify locking for CPU up and down paths.
Signed-off-by: Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Fix kzalloc() and kstrdup() caller report for CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB. We must
pass the caller to __cache_alloc() instead of directly doing
__builtin_return_address(0) there; otherwise kzalloc() and kstrdup() are
reported as the allocation site instead of the real one.
Thanks to Valdis Kletnieks for reporting the problem and Steven Rostedt for
the original idea.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Replace uses of kmem_cache_t with proper struct kmem_cache in mm/slab.c.
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Rename the ac_data() function to more descriptive cpu_cache_get().
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Introduce virt_to_cache() and virt_to_slab() functions to reduce duplicate
code and introduce a proper abstraction should we want to support other kind
of mapping for address to slab and cache (eg. for vmalloc() or I/O memory).
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
From: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Reduce the amount of inline functions in slab to the functions that
are used in the hot path:
- no inline for debug functions
- no __always_inline, inline is already __always_inline
- remove inline from a few numa support functions.
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
13588 752 48 14388 3834 mm/slab.o (defconfig)
16671 2492 48 19211 4b0b mm/slab.o (numa)
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
13366 752 48 14166 3756 mm/slab.o (defconfig)
16230 2492 48 18770 4952 mm/slab.o (numa)
Signed-off-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Create two helper functions slab_get_obj() and slab_put_obj() to replace
duplicated code in mm/slab.c
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dobson <colpatch@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
