The overload set/clears were originally idempotent when this logic was first
implemented. But that is no longer true due to the addition of the atomic
counter and this logic was never updated to work properly with that change.
So only adjust the overload state if it is actually changing to avoid
getting out of sync.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Dmitry Adamushko found that the current implementation of the RT
balancing code left out changes to the sched_setscheduler and
rt_mutex_setprio.
This patch addresses this issue by adding methods to the schedule classes
to handle being switched out of (switched_from) and being switched into
(switched_to) a sched_class. Also a method for changing of priorities
is also added (prio_changed).
This patch also removes some duplicate logic between rt_mutex_setprio and
sched_setscheduler.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
To make the main sched.c code more agnostic to the schedule classes.
Instead of having specific hooks in the schedule code for the RT class
balancing. They are replaced with a pre_schedule, post_schedule
and task_wake_up methods. These methods may be used by any of the classes
but currently, only the sched_rt class implements them.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We move the rt-overload data as the first global to per-domain
reclassification. This limits the scope of overload related cache-line
bouncing to stay with a specified partition instead of affecting all
cpus in the system.
Finally, we limit the scope of find_lowest_cpu searches to the domain
instead of the entire system. Note that we would always respect domain
boundaries even without this patch, but we first would scan potentially
all cpus before whittling the list down. Now we can avoid looking at
RQs that are out of scope, again reducing cache-line hits.
Note: In some cases, task->cpus_allowed will effectively reduce our search
to within our domain. However, I believe there are cases where the
cpus_allowed mask may be all ones and therefore we err on the side of
caution. If it can be optimized later, so be it.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
CC: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch removes several cpumask operations by keeping track
of the first of the CPUS that is of the lowest priority. When
the search for the lowest priority runqueue is completed, all
the bits up to the first CPU with the lowest priority runqueue
is cleared.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We can cheaply track the number of bits set in the cpumask for the lowest
priority CPUs. Therefore, compute the mask's weight and use it to skip
the optimal domain search logic when there is only one CPU available.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We don't need to bother searching if the task cannot be migrated
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch changes the searching for a run queue by a waking RT task
to try to pick another runqueue if the currently running task
is an RT task.
The reason is that RT tasks behave different than normal
tasks. Preempting a normal task to run a RT task to keep
its cache hot is fine, because the preempted non-RT task
may wait on that same runqueue to run again unless the
migration thread comes along and pulls it off.
RT tasks behave differently. If one is preempted, it makes
an active effort to continue to run. So by having a high
priority task preempt a lower priority RT task, that lower
RT task will then quickly try to run on another runqueue.
This will cause that lower RT task to replace its nice
hot cache (and TLB) with a completely cold one. This is
for the hope that the new high priority RT task will keep
its cache hot.
Remeber that this high priority RT task was just woken up.
So it may likely have been sleeping for several milliseconds,
and will end up with a cold cache anyway. RT tasks run till
they voluntarily stop, or are preempted by a higher priority
task. This means that it is unlikely that the woken RT task
will have a hot cache to wake up to. So pushing off a lower
RT task is just killing its cache for no good reason.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We have logic to detect whether the system has migratable tasks, but we are
not using it when deciding whether to push tasks away. So we add support
for considering this new information.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The current code base assumes a relatively flat CPU/core topology and will
route RT tasks to any CPU fairly equally. In the real world, there are
various toplogies and affinities that govern where a task is best suited to
run with the smallest amount of overhead. NUMA and multi-core CPUs are
prime examples of topologies that can impact cache performance.
Fortunately, linux is already structured to represent these topologies via
the sched_domains interface. So we change our RT router to consult a
combination of topology and affinity policy to best place tasks during
migration.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In the original patch series that Steven Rostedt and I worked on together,
we both took different approaches to low-priority wakeup path. I utilized
"pre-routing" (push the task away to a less important RQ before activating)
approach, while Steve utilized a "post-routing" approach. The advantage of
my approach is that you avoid the overhead of a wasted activate/deactivate
cycle and peripherally related burdens. The advantage of Steve's method is
that it neatly solves an issue preventing a "pull" optimization from being
deployed.
In the end, we ended up deploying Steve's idea. But it later dawned on me
that we could get the best of both worlds by deploying both ideas together,
albeit slightly modified.
The idea is simple: Use a "light-weight" lookup for pre-routing, since we
only need to approximate a good home for the task. And we also retain the
post-routing push logic to clean up any inaccuracies caused by a condition
of "priority mistargeting" caused by the lightweight lookup. Most of the
time, the pre-routing should work and yield lower overhead. In the cases
where it doesnt, the post-router will bat cleanup.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
It doesn't hurt if we allow the current CPU to be included in the
search. We will just simply skip it later if the current CPU turns out
to be the lowest.
We will use this later in the series
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Isolate the search logic into a function so that it can be used later
in places other than find_locked_lowest_rq().
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The current wake-up code path tries to determine if it can optimize the
wake-up to "this_cpu" by computing load calculations. The problem is that
these calculations are only relevant to SCHED_OTHER tasks where load is king.
For RT tasks, priority is king. So the load calculation is completely wasted
bandwidth.
Therefore, we create a new sched_class interface to help with
pre-wakeup routing decisions and move the load calculation as a function
of CFS task's class.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
"this_rq" is normally used to denote the RQ on the current cpu
(i.e. "cpu_rq(this_cpu)"). So clean up the usage of this_rq to be
more consistent with the rest of the code.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Some RT tasks (particularly kthreads) are bound to one specific CPU.
It is fairly common for two or more bound tasks to get queued up at the
same time. Consider, for instance, softirq_timer and softirq_sched. A
timer goes off in an ISR which schedules softirq_thread to run at RT50.
Then the timer handler determines that it's time to smp-rebalance the
system so it schedules softirq_sched to run. So we are in a situation
where we have two RT50 tasks queued, and the system will go into
rt-overload condition to request other CPUs for help.
This causes two problems in the current code:
1) If a high-priority bound task and a low-priority unbounded task queue
up behind the running task, we will fail to ever relocate the unbounded
task because we terminate the search on the first unmovable task.
2) We spend precious futile cycles in the fast-path trying to pull
overloaded tasks over. It is therefore optimial to strive to avoid the
overhead all together if we can cheaply detect the condition before
overload even occurs.
This patch tries to achieve this optimization by utilizing the hamming
weight of the task->cpus_allowed mask. A weight of 1 indicates that
the task cannot be migrated. We will then utilize this information to
skip non-migratable tasks and to eliminate uncessary rebalance attempts.
We introduce a per-rq variable to count the number of migratable tasks
that are currently running. We only go into overload if we have more
than one rt task, AND at least one of them is migratable.
In addition, we introduce a per-task variable to cache the cpus_allowed
weight, since the hamming calculation is probably relatively expensive.
We only update the cached value when the mask is updated which should be
relatively infrequent, especially compared to scheduling frequency
in the fast path.
Signed-off-by: Gregory Haskins <ghaskins@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we now take an active approach to load balancing, we don't need to
balance RT tasks via the normal task balancer. In fact, this code was
found to pull RT tasks away from CPUS that the active movement performed,
resulting in large latencies.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds pushing of overloaded RT tasks from a runqueue that is
having tasks (most likely RT tasks) added to the run queue.
TODO: We don't cover the case of waking of new RT tasks (yet).
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds the algorithm to pull tasks from RT overloaded runqueues.
When a pull RT is initiated, all overloaded runqueues are examined for
a RT task that is higher in prio than the highest prio task queued on the
target runqueue. If another runqueue holds a RT task that is of higher
prio than the highest prio task on the target runqueue is found it is pulled
to the target runqueue.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds an RT overload accounting system. When a runqueue has
more than one RT task queued, it is marked as overloaded. That is that it
is a candidate to have RT tasks pulled from it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds an algorithm to push extra RT tasks off a run queue to
other CPU runqueues.
When more than one RT task is added to a run queue, this algorithm takes
an assertive approach to push the RT tasks that are not running onto other
run queues that have lower priority. The way this works is that the highest
RT task that is not running is looked at and we examine the runqueues on
the CPUS for that tasks affinity mask. We find the runqueue with the lowest
prio in the CPU affinity of the picked task, and if it is lower in prio than
the picked task, we push the task onto that CPU runqueue.
We continue pushing RT tasks off the current runqueue until we don't push any
more. The algorithm stops when the next highest RT task can't preempt any
other processes on other CPUS.
TODO: The algorithm may stop when there are still RT tasks that can be
migrated. Specifically, if the highest non running RT task CPU affinity
is restricted to CPUs that are running higher priority tasks, there may
be a lower priority task queued that has an affinity with a CPU that is
running a lower priority task that it could be migrated to. This
patch set does not address this issue.
Note: checkpatch reveals two over 80 character instances. I'm not sure
that breaking them up will help visually, so I left them as is.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds accounting to each runqueue to keep track of the
highest prio task queued on the run queue. We only care about
RT tasks, so if the run queue does not contain any active RT tasks
its priority will be considered MAX_RT_PRIO.
This information will be used for later patches.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch adds accounting to keep track of the number of RT tasks running
on a runqueue. This information will be used in later patches.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch changes how the cpu load exerted by fair_sched_class tasks
is calculated. Load exerted by fair_sched_class tasks on a cpu is now
a summation of the group weights, rather than summation of task weights.
Weight exerted by a group on a cpu is dependent on the shares allocated
to it.
This version of patch has a minor impact on code size, but should have
no runtime/functional impact for !CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Realtime tasks would not account their runtime during ticks. Which would lead
to:
struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = 10 };
pthread_setschedparam(pthread_self(), SCHED_FIFO, ¶m);
while (1) ;
Not showing up in top.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Commit cfb5285660 removed a useful feature for
us, which provided a cpu accounting resource controller. This feature would be
useful if someone wants to group tasks only for accounting purpose and doesnt
really want to exercise any control over their cpu consumption.
The patch below reintroduces the feature. It is based on Paul Menage's
original patch (Commit 62d0df6406), with
these differences:
- Removed load average information. I felt it needs more thought (esp
to deal with SMP and virtualized platforms) and can be added for
2.6.25 after more discussions.
- Convert group cpu usage to be nanosecond accurate (as rest of the cfs
stats are) and invoke cpuacct_charge() from the respective scheduler
classes
- Make accounting scalable on SMP systems by splitting the usage
counter to be per-cpu
- Move the code from kernel/cpu_acct.c to kernel/sched.c (since the
code is not big enough to warrant a new file and also this rightly
needs to live inside the scheduler. Also things like accessing
rq->lock while reading cpu usage becomes easier if the code lived in
kernel/sched.c)
The patch also modifies the cpu controller not to provide the same accounting
information.
Tested-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested the patches on top of 2.6.24-rc3. The patches work fine. Ran
some simple tests like cpuspin (spin on the cpu), ran several tasks in
the same group and timed them. Compared their time stamps with
cpuacct.usage.
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At the moment, a lot of load balancing code that is irrelevant to non
SMP systems gets included during non SMP builds.
This patch addresses this issue and reduces the binary size on non
SMP systems:
text data bss dec hex filename
10983 28 1192 12203 2fab sched.o.before
10739 28 1192 11959 2eb7 sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
At the moment, balance_tasks() provides low level functionality for both
move_tasks() and move_one_task() (indirectly) via the load_balance()
function (in the sched_class interface) which also provides dual
functionality. This dual functionality complicates the interfaces and
internal mechanisms and makes the run time overhead of operations that
are called with two run queue locks held.
This patch addresses this issue and reduces the overhead of these
operations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
- make timeslices of SCHED_RR tasks constant and not
dependent on task's static_prio [1] ;
- remove obsolete code (timeslice related bits);
- make sched_rr_get_interval() return something more
meaningful [2] for SCHED_OTHER tasks.
[1] according to the following link, it's not compliant with SUSv3
(not sure though, what is the reference for us :-)
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/3/7/656
[2] the interval is dynamic and can be depicted as follows "should a
task be one of the runnable tasks at this particular moment, it would
expect to run for this interval of time before being re-scheduled by the
scheduler tick".
(i.e. it's more precise if a task is runnable at the moment)
yeah, this seems to require task_rq_lock/unlock() but this is not a hot
path.
results:
(SCHED_FIFO)
dimm@earth:~/storage/prog$ sudo chrt -f 10 ./rr_interval
time_slice: 0 : 0
(SCHED_RR)
dimm@earth:~/storage/prog$ sudo chrt 10 ./rr_interval
time_slice: 0 : 99984800
(SCHED_NORMAL)
dimm@earth:~/storage/prog$ ./rr_interval
time_slice: 0 : 19996960
(SCHED_NORMAL + a cpu_hog of similar 'weight' on the same CPU --- so should be a half of the previous result)
dimm@earth:~/storage/prog$ taskset 1 ./rr_interval
time_slice: 0 : 9998480
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
mark scheduling classes as const. The speeds up the code
a bit and shrinks it:
text data bss dec hex filename
40027 4018 292 44337 ad31 sched.o.before
40190 3842 292 44324 ad24 sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
the 'p' (task_struct) parameter in the sched_class :: yield_task() is
redundant as the caller is always the 'current'. Get rid of it.
text data bss dec hex filename
24341 2734 20 27095 69d7 sched.o.before
24330 2734 20 27084 69cc sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Add interface to control cpu bandwidth allocation to task-groups.
(not yet configurable, due to missing CONFIG_CONTAINERS)
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Mitchell Erblich suggested a quality-of-implementation change to
not requeue SCHED_RR tasks if there's only a single task on the
runqueue, by checking for rq->nr_running == 1.
provide a more efficient implementation of that, to check that
particular RT priority-queue only.
[ From: mingo@elte.hu ]
Also first requeue the task then set need_resched - results in slightly
better machine-instruction ordering. Also clean up the code a bit.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove the 'u64 now' parameter from ->put_prev_task().
( identity transformation that causes no change in functionality. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove the 'u64 now' parameter from ->pick_next_task().
( identity transformation that causes no change in functionality. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove the 'u64 now' parameter from ->dequeue_task().
( identity transformation that causes no change in functionality. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove the 'u64 now' parameter from ->enqueue_task().
( identity transformation that causes no change in functionality. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
remove the 'u64 now' parameter from update_curr_rt().
( identity transformation that causes no change in functionality. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
change all 'now' timestamp uses in assignments to rq->clock.
( this is an identity transformation that causes no functionality change:
all such new rq->clock is necessarily preceded by an update_rq_clock()
call. )
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
There are two problems with balance_tasks() and how it used:
1. The variables best_prio and best_prio_seen (inherited from the old
move_tasks()) were only required to handle problems caused by the
active/expired arrays, the order in which they were processed and the
possibility that the task with the highest priority could be on either.
These issues are no longer present and the extra overhead associated
with their use is unnecessary (and possibly wrong).
2. In the absence of CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED being set, the same
this_best_prio variable needs to be used by all scheduling classes or
there is a risk of moving too much load. E.g. if the highest priority
task on this at the beginning is a fairly low priority task and the rt
class migrates a task (during its turn) then that moved task becomes the
new highest priority task on this_rq but when the sched_fair class
initializes its copy of this_best_prio it will get the priority of the
original highest priority task as, due to the run queue locks being
held, the reschedule triggered by pull_task() will not have taken place.
This could result in inappropriate overriding of skip_for_load and
excessive load being moved.
The attached patch addresses these problems by deleting all reference to
best_prio and best_prio_seen and making this_best_prio a reference
parameter to the various functions involved.
load_balance_fair() has also been modified so that this_best_prio is
only reset (in the loop) if CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED is set. This should
preserve the effect of helping spread groups' higher priority tasks
around the available CPUs while improving system performance when
CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED isn't set.
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The move_tasks() function is currently multiplexed with two distinct
capabilities:
1. attempt to move a specified amount of weighted load from one run
queue to another; and
2. attempt to move a specified number of tasks from one run queue to
another.
The first of these capabilities is used in two places, load_balance()
and load_balance_idle(), and in both of these cases the return value of
move_tasks() is used purely to decide if tasks/load were moved and no
notice of the actual number of tasks moved is taken.
The second capability is used in exactly one place,
active_load_balance(), to attempt to move exactly one task and, as
before, the return value is only used as an indicator of success or failure.
This multiplexing of sched_task() was introduced, by me, as part of the
smpnice patches and was motivated by the fact that the alternative, one
function to move specified load and one to move a single task, would
have led to two functions of roughly the same complexity as the old
move_tasks() (or the new balance_tasks()). However, the new modular
design of the new CFS scheduler allows a simpler solution to be adopted
and this patch addresses that solution by:
1. adding a new function, move_one_task(), to be used by
active_load_balance(); and
2. making move_tasks() a single purpose function that tries to move a
specified weighted load and returns 1 for success and 0 for failure.
One of the consequences of these changes is that neither move_one_task()
or the new move_tasks() care how many tasks sched_class.load_balance()
moves and this enables its interface to be simplified by returning the
amount of load moved as its result and removing the load_moved pointer
from the argument list. This helps simplify the new move_tasks() and
slightly reduces the amount of work done in each of
sched_class.load_balance()'s implementations.
Further simplification, e.g. changes to balance_tasks(), are possible
but (slightly) complicated by the special needs of load_balance_fair()
so I've left them to a later patch (if this one gets accepted).
NB Since move_tasks() gets called with two run queue locks held even
small reductions in overhead are worthwhile.
[ mingo@elte.hu ]
this change also reduces code size nicely:
text data bss dec hex filename
39216 3618 24 42858 a76a sched.o.before
39173 3618 24 42815 a73f sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Peter Williams <pwil3058@bigpond.net.au>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
move the rest of the debugging/instrumentation code to under
CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS too. This reduces code size and speeds code up:
text data bss dec hex filename
33044 4122 28 37194 914a sched.o.before
32708 4122 28 36858 8ffa sched.o.after
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
add kernel/sched_rt.c: SCHED_FIFO/SCHED_RR support. The behavior
and semantics of SCHED_FIFO/SCHED_RR tasks is unchanged.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
