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docs: kbuild: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst

Browse Source 
The kbuild documentation clearly shows that the documents
there are written at different times: some use markdown,
some use their own peculiar logic to split sections.

Convert everything to ReST without affecting too much
the author's style and avoiding adding uneeded markups.

The conversion is actually:
  - add blank lines and identation in order to identify paragraphs;
  - fix tables markups;
  - add some lists markups;
  - mark literal blocks;
  - adjust title markups.

At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to
the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings.

Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
This commit is contained in:
Mauro Carvalho Chehab 2019-06-12 14:52:48 -03:00 committed by Jonathan Corbet
parent d7b461c5e8
commit cd238effef
48 changed files with 840 additions and 561 deletions
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2
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst
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@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ Configuring the kernel
"make tinyconfig" Configure the tiniest possible kernel.
You can find more information on using the Linux kernel config tools
in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.txt.
in Documentation/kbuild/kconfig.rst.
- NOTES on ``make config``:

5
Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.txt → Documentation/kbuild/headers_install.rst
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@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
=============================================
Exporting kernel headers for use by userspace
=============================================
@ -22,14 +23,14 @@ older kernel.
The "make headers_install" command can be run in the top level directory of the
kernel source code (or using a standard out-of-tree build). It takes two
optional arguments:
optional arguments::
make headers_install ARCH=i386 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/usr
ARCH indicates which architecture to produce headers for, and defaults to the
current architecture. The linux/asm directory of the exported kernel headers
is platform-specific, to see a complete list of supported architectures use
the command:
the command::
ls -d include/asm-* | sed 's/.*-//'

27
Documentation/kbuild/index.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
:orphan:
===================
Kernel Build System
===================
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
kconfig-language
kconfig-macro-language
kbuild
kconfig
makefiles
modules
headers_install
issues
.. only:: subproject and html
Indices
=======
* :ref:`genindex`

11
Documentation/kbuild/issues.rst Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Recursion issue #1
------------------
.. include:: Kconfig.recursion-issue-01
:literal:
Recursion issue #2
------------------
.. include:: Kconfig.recursion-issue-02
:literal:

119
Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.txt → Documentation/kbuild/kbuild.rst
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@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
======
Kbuild
======
Output files
============
modules.order
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
This file records the order in which modules appear in Makefiles. This
is used by modprobe to deterministically resolve aliases that match
multiple modules.
modules.builtin
--------------------------------------------------
---------------
This file lists all modules that are built into the kernel. This is used
by modprobe to not fail when trying to load something builtin.
@ -18,84 +24,90 @@ Unlike modinfo of a separate module, all fields are prefixed with module name.
Environment variables
=====================
KCPPFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
---------
Additional options to pass when preprocessing. The preprocessing options
will be used in all cases where kbuild does preprocessing including
building C files and assembler files.
KAFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
-------
Additional options to the assembler (for built-in and modules).
AFLAGS_MODULE
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Additional module specific options to use for $(AS).
AFLAGS_KERNEL
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Additional options for $(AS) when used for assembler
code for code that is compiled as built-in.
KCFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
-------
Additional options to the C compiler (for built-in and modules).
CFLAGS_KERNEL
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Additional options for $(CC) when used to compile
code that is compiled as built-in.
CFLAGS_MODULE
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Additional module specific options to use for $(CC).
LDFLAGS_MODULE
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
Additional options used for $(LD) when linking modules.
HOSTCFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
----------
Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCC) when building host programs.
HOSTCXXFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
------------
Additional flags to be passed to $(HOSTCXX) when building host programs.
HOSTLDFLAGS
--------------------------------------------------
-----------
Additional flags to be passed when linking host programs.
HOSTLDLIBS
--------------------------------------------------
----------
Additional libraries to link against when building host programs.
KBUILD_KCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
Set the top-level Kconfig file to the value of this environment
variable. The default name is "Kconfig".
KBUILD_VERBOSE
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
Set the kbuild verbosity. Can be assigned same values as "V=...".
See make help for the full list.
Setting "V=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_VERBOSE.
KBUILD_EXTMOD
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Set the directory to look for the kernel source when building external
modules.
Setting "M=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_EXTMOD.
KBUILD_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Specify the output directory when building the kernel.
The output directory can also be specified using "O=...".
Setting "O=..." takes precedence over KBUILD_OUTPUT.
KBUILD_DEBARCH
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
For the deb-pkg target, allows overriding the normal heuristics deployed by
deb-pkg. Normally deb-pkg attempts to guess the right architecture based on
the UTS_MACHINE variable, and on some architectures also the kernel config.
@ -103,44 +115,48 @@ The value of KBUILD_DEBARCH is assumed (not checked) to be a valid Debian
architecture.
ARCH
--------------------------------------------------
----
Set ARCH to the architecture to be built.
In most cases the name of the architecture is the same as the
directory name found in the arch/ directory.
But some architectures such as x86 and sparc have aliases.
x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit
sh: sh for 32 bit, sh64 for 64 bit
sparc: sparc32 for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit
- x86: i386 for 32 bit, x86_64 for 64 bit
- sh: sh for 32 bit, sh64 for 64 bit
- sparc: sparc32 for 32 bit, sparc64 for 64 bit
CROSS_COMPILE
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Specify an optional fixed part of the binutils filename.
CROSS_COMPILE can be a part of the filename or the full path.
CROSS_COMPILE is also used for ccache in some setups.
CF
--------------------------------------------------
--
Additional options for sparse.
CF is often used on the command-line like this:
CF is often used on the command-line like this::
make CF=-Wbitwise C=2
INSTALL_PATH
--------------------------------------------------
------------
INSTALL_PATH specifies where to place the updated kernel and system map
images. Default is /boot, but you can set it to other values.
INSTALLKERNEL
--------------------------------------------------
-------------
Install script called when using "make install".
The default name is "installkernel".
The script will be called with the following arguments:
$1 - kernel version
$2 - kernel image file
$3 - kernel map file
$4 - default install path (use root directory if blank)
- $1 - kernel version
- $2 - kernel image file
- $3 - kernel map file
- $4 - default install path (use root directory if blank)
The implementation of "make install" is architecture specific
and it may differ from the above.
@ -149,32 +165,33 @@ INSTALLKERNEL is provided to enable the possibility to
specify a custom installer when cross compiling a kernel.
MODLIB
--------------------------------------------------
------
Specify where to install modules.
The default value is:
The default value is::
$(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)
The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
INSTALL_MOD_PATH
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
INSTALL_MOD_PATH specifies a prefix to MODLIB for module directory
relocations required by build roots. This is not defined in the
makefile but the argument can be passed to make if needed.
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP, if defined, will cause modules to be
stripped after they are installed. If INSTALL_MOD_STRIP is '1', then
the default option --strip-debug will be used. Otherwise,
INSTALL_MOD_STRIP value will be used as the options to the strip command.
INSTALL_HDR_PATH
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
INSTALL_HDR_PATH specifies where to install user space headers when
executing "make headers_*".
The default value is:
The default value is::
$(objtree)/usr
@ -184,65 +201,65 @@ The output directory is often set using "O=..." on the commandline.
The value can be overridden in which case the default value is ignored.
KBUILD_SIGN_PIN
--------------------------------------------------
---------------
This variable allows a passphrase or PIN to be passed to the sign-file
utility when signing kernel modules, if the private key requires such.
KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
KBUILD_MODPOST_WARN can be set to avoid errors in case of undefined
symbols in the final module linking stage. It changes such errors
into warnings.
KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
KBUILD_MODPOST_NOFINAL can be set to skip the final link of modules.
This is solely useful to speed up test compiles.
KBUILD_EXTRA_SYMBOLS
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------
For modules that use symbols from other modules.
See more details in modules.txt.
ALLSOURCE_ARCHS
--------------------------------------------------
---------------
For tags/TAGS/cscope targets, you can specify more than one arch
to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.:
to be included in the databases, separated by blank space. E.g.::
$ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS="x86 mips arm" tags
To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.:
To get all available archs you can also specify all. E.g.::
$ make ALLSOURCE_ARCHS=all tags
KBUILD_ENABLE_EXTRA_GCC_CHECKS
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------
If enabled over the make command line with "W=1", it turns on additional
gcc -W... options for more extensive build-time checking.
KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
Setting this to a date string overrides the timestamp used in the
UTS_VERSION definition (uname -v in the running kernel). The value has to
be a string that can be passed to date -d. The default value
is the output of the date command at one point during build.
KBUILD_BUILD_USER, KBUILD_BUILD_HOST
--------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------
These two variables allow to override the user@host string displayed during
boot and in /proc/version. The default value is the output of the commands
whoami and host, respectively.
KBUILD_LDS
--------------------------------------------------
----------
The linker script with full path. Assigned by the top-level Makefile.
KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
All object files for vmlinux. They are linked to vmlinux in the same
order as listed in KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS.
KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
All .a "lib" files for vmlinux. KBUILD_VMLINUX_OBJS and KBUILD_VMLINUX_LIBS
together specify all the object files used to link vmlinux.

234
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt → Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
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@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
================
Kconfig Language
================
Introduction
------------
The configuration database is a collection of configuration options
organized in a tree structure:
organized in a tree structure::
+- Code maturity level options
| +- Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
@ -25,9 +29,9 @@ Menu entries
------------
Most entries define a config option; all other entries help to organize
them. A single configuration option is defined like this:
them. A single configuration option is defined like this::
config MODVERSIONS
config MODVERSIONS
bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
depends on MODULES
help
@ -52,10 +56,12 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
Every config option must have a type. There are only two basic types:
tristate and string; the other types are based on these two. The type
definition optionally accepts an input prompt, so these two examples
are equivalent:
are equivalent::
bool "Networking support"
and
and::
bool
prompt "Networking support"
@ -98,8 +104,10 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
d) Hardware or infrastructure that everybody expects, such as CONFIG_NET
or CONFIG_BLOCK. These are rare exceptions.
- type definition + default value:
- type definition + default value::
"def_bool"/"def_tristate" <expr> ["if" <expr>]
This is a shorthand notation for a type definition plus a value.
Optionally dependencies for this default value can be added with "if".
@ -107,11 +115,13 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
This defines a dependency for this menu entry. If multiple
dependencies are defined, they are connected with '&&'. Dependencies
are applied to all other options within this menu entry (which also
accept an "if" expression), so these two examples are equivalent:
accept an "if" expression), so these two examples are equivalent::
bool "foo" if BAR
default y if BAR
and
and::
depends on BAR
bool "foo"
default y
@ -124,6 +134,7 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
times, the limit is set to the largest selection.
Reverse dependencies can only be used with boolean or tristate
symbols.
Note:
select should be used with care. select will force
a symbol to a value without visiting the dependencies.
@ -139,24 +150,26 @@ applicable everywhere (see syntax).
symbol except that the "implied" symbol's value may still be set to n
from a direct dependency or with a visible prompt.
Given the following example:
Given the following example::
config FOO
config FOO
tristate
imply BAZ
config BAZ
config BAZ
tristate
depends on BAR
The following values are possible:
=== === ============= ==============
FOO BAR BAZ's default choice for BAZ
--- --- ------------- --------------
=== === ============= ==============
n y n N/m/y
m y m M/y/n
y y y Y/n
y n * N
=== === ============= ==============
This is useful e.g. with multiple drivers that want to indicate their
ability to hook into a secondary subsystem while allowing the user to
@ -208,9 +221,9 @@ Menu dependencies
Dependencies define the visibility of a menu entry and can also reduce
the input range of tristate symbols. The tristate logic used in the
expressions uses one more state than normal boolean logic to express the
module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax:
module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax::
<expr> ::= <symbol> (1)
<expr> ::= <symbol> (1)
<symbol> '=' <symbol> (2)
<symbol> '!=' <symbol> (3)
<symbol1> '<' <symbol2> (4)
@ -222,7 +235,7 @@ module state. Dependency expressions have the following syntax:
<expr> '&&' <expr> (7)
<expr> '||' <expr> (8)
Expressions are listed in decreasing order of precedence.
Expressions are listed in decreasing order of precedence.
(1) Convert the symbol into an expression. Boolean and tristate symbols
are simply converted into the respective expression values. All
@ -255,15 +268,15 @@ Menu structure
--------------
The position of a menu entry in the tree is determined in two ways. First
it can be specified explicitly:
it can be specified explicitly::
menu "Network device support"
menu "Network device support"
depends on NET
config NETDEVICES
config NETDEVICES
...
endmenu
endmenu
All entries within the "menu" ... "endmenu" block become a submenu of
"Network device support". All subentries inherit the dependencies from
@ -275,17 +288,18 @@ dependencies. If a menu entry somehow depends on the previous entry, it
can be made a submenu of it. First, the previous (parent) symbol must
be part of the dependency list and then one of these two conditions
must be true:
- the child entry must become invisible, if the parent is set to 'n'
- the child entry must only be visible, if the parent is visible
config MODULES
- the child entry must become invisible, if the parent is set to 'n'
- the child entry must only be visible, if the parent is visible::
config MODULES
bool "Enable loadable module support"
config MODVERSIONS
config MODVERSIONS
bool "Set version information on all module symbols"
depends on MODULES
comment "module support disabled"
comment "module support disabled"
depends on !MODULES
MODVERSIONS directly depends on MODULES, this means it's only visible if
@ -299,6 +313,7 @@ Kconfig syntax
The configuration file describes a series of menu entries, where every
line starts with a keyword (except help texts). The following keywords
end a menu entry:
- config
- menuconfig
- choice/endchoice
@ -306,17 +321,17 @@ end a menu entry:
- menu/endmenu
- if/endif
- source
The first five also start the definition of a menu entry.
config:
config::
"config" <symbol>
<config options>
This defines a config symbol <symbol> and accepts any of above
attributes as options.
menuconfig:
menuconfig::
"menuconfig" <symbol>
<config options>
@ -325,43 +340,43 @@ hint to front ends, that all suboptions should be displayed as a
separate list of options. To make sure all the suboptions will really
show up under the menuconfig entry and not outside of it, every item
from the <config options> list must depend on the menuconfig symbol.
In practice, this is achieved by using one of the next two constructs:
In practice, this is achieved by using one of the next two constructs::
(1):
menuconfig M
if M
config C1
config C2
endif
(1):
menuconfig M
if M
config C1
config C2
endif
(2):
menuconfig M
config C1
depends on M
config C2
depends on M
(2):
menuconfig M
config C1
depends on M
config C2
depends on M
In the following examples (3) and (4), C1 and C2 still have the M
dependency, but will not appear under menuconfig M anymore, because
of C0, which doesn't depend on M:
of C0, which doesn't depend on M::
(3):
menuconfig M
config C0
if M
config C1
config C2
endif
(3):
menuconfig M
config C0
if M
config C1
config C2
endif
(4):
menuconfig M
config C0
config C1
depends on M
config C2
depends on M
(4):
menuconfig M
config C0
config C1
depends on M
config C2
depends on M
choices:
choices::
"choice" [symbol]
<choice options>
@ -387,7 +402,7 @@ definitions of that choice. If a [symbol] is associated to the choice,
then you may define the same choice (i.e. with the same entries) in another
place.
comment:
comment::
"comment" <prompt>
<comment options>
@ -396,7 +411,7 @@ This defines a comment which is displayed to the user during the
configuration process and is also echoed to the output files. The only
possible options are dependencies.
menu:
menu::
"menu" <prompt>
<menu options>
@ -407,7 +422,7 @@ This defines a menu block, see "Menu structure" above for more
information. The only possible options are dependencies and "visible"
attributes.
if:
if::
"if" <expr>
<if block>
@ -416,13 +431,13 @@ if:
This defines an if block. The dependency expression <expr> is appended
to all enclosed menu entries.
source:
source::
"source" <prompt>
This reads the specified configuration file. This file is always parsed.
mainmenu:
mainmenu::
"mainmenu" <prompt>
@ -452,20 +467,21 @@ that is defined in a common Kconfig file and selected by the relevant
architectures.
An example is the generic IOMAP functionality.
We would in lib/Kconfig see:
We would in lib/Kconfig see::
# Generic IOMAP is used to ...
config HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
# Generic IOMAP is used to ...
config HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
config GENERIC_IOMAP
config GENERIC_IOMAP
depends on HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP && FOO
And in lib/Makefile we would see:
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) += iomap.o
And in lib/Makefile we would see::
For each architecture using the generic IOMAP functionality we would see:
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) += iomap.o
config X86
For each architecture using the generic IOMAP functionality we would see::
config X86
select ...
select HAVE_GENERIC_IOMAP
select ...
@ -484,25 +500,25 @@ Adding features that need compiler support
There are several features that need compiler support. The recommended way
to describe the dependency on the compiler feature is to use "depends on"
followed by a test macro.
followed by a test macro::
config STACKPROTECTOR
config STACKPROTECTOR
bool "Stack Protector buffer overflow detection"
depends on $(cc-option,-fstack-protector)
...
If you need to expose a compiler capability to makefiles and/or C source files,
CC_HAS_ is the recommended prefix for the config option.
`CC_HAS_` is the recommended prefix for the config option::
config CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE
config CC_HAS_STACKPROTECTOR_NONE
def_bool $(cc-option,-fno-stack-protector)
Build as module only
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To restrict a component build to module-only, qualify its config symbol
with "depends on m". E.g.:
with "depends on m". E.g.::
config FOO
config FOO
depends on BAR && m
limits FOO to module (=m) or disabled (=n).
@ -529,18 +545,18 @@ Simple Kconfig recursive issue
Read: Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01
Test with:
Test with::
make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01 allnoconfig
make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-01 allnoconfig
Cumulative Kconfig recursive issue
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Read: Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02
Test with:
Test with::
make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02 allnoconfig
make KBUILD_KCONFIG=Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02 allnoconfig
Practical solutions to kconfig recursive issue
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@ -551,7 +567,9 @@ historical issues resolved through these different solutions.
a) Remove any superfluous "select FOO" or "depends on FOO"
b) Match dependency semantics:
b1) Swap all "select FOO" to "depends on FOO" or,
b2) Swap all "depends on FOO" to "select FOO"
The resolution to a) can be tested with the sample Kconfig file
@ -566,8 +584,9 @@ Documentation/kbuild/Kconfig.recursion-issue-02.
Below is a list of examples of prior fixes for these types of recursive issues;
all errors appear to involve one or more select's and one or more "depends on".
============ ===================================
commit fix
====== ===
============ ===================================
06b718c01208 select A -> depends on A
c22eacfe82f9 depends on A -> depends on B
6a91e854442c select A -> depends on A
@ -590,6 +609,7 @@ d9f9ab51e55e select A -> depends on A
0c51a4d8abd6 depends on A -> select A (3)
e98062ed6dc4 select A -> depends on A (3)
91e5d284a7f1 select A -> (null)
============ ===================================
(1) Partial (or no) quote of error.
(2) That seems to be the gist of that fix.
@ -616,11 +636,11 @@ Semantics of Kconfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The use of Kconfig is broad, Linux is now only one of Kconfig's users:
one study has completed a broad analysis of Kconfig use in 12 projects [0].
one study has completed a broad analysis of Kconfig use in 12 projects [0]_.
Despite its widespread use, and although this document does a reasonable job
in documenting basic Kconfig syntax a more precise definition of Kconfig
semantics is welcomed. One project deduced Kconfig semantics through
the use of the xconfig configurator [1]. Work should be done to confirm if
the use of the xconfig configurator [1]_. Work should be done to confirm if
the deduced semantics matches our intended Kconfig design goals.
Having well defined semantics can be useful for tools for practical
@ -628,42 +648,42 @@ evaluation of depenencies, for instance one such use known case was work to
express in boolean abstraction of the inferred semantics of Kconfig to
translate Kconfig logic into boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on this to
find dead code / features (always inactive), 114 dead features were found in
Linux using this methodology [1] (Section 8: Threats to validity).
Linux using this methodology [1]_ (Section 8: Threats to validity).
Confirming this could prove useful as Kconfig stands as one of the the leading
industrial variability modeling languages [1] [2]. Its study would help
industrial variability modeling languages [1]_ [2]_. Its study would help
evaluate practical uses of such languages, their use was only theoretical
and real world requirements were not well understood. As it stands though
only reverse engineering techniques have been used to deduce semantics from
variability modeling languages such as Kconfig [3].
variability modeling languages such as Kconfig [3]_.
[0] http://www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~shshe/kconfig_semantics.pdf
[1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
[2] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/ase241-berger_0.pdf
[3] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/icse2011.pdf
.. [0] http://www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~shshe/kconfig_semantics.pdf
.. [1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
.. [2] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/ase241-berger_0.pdf
.. [3] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/icse2011.pdf
Full SAT solver for Kconfig
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Although SAT solvers [0] haven't yet been used by Kconfig directly, as noted in
the previous subsection, work has been done however to express in boolean
Although SAT solvers [4]_ haven't yet been used by Kconfig directly, as noted
in the previous subsection, work has been done however to express in boolean
abstraction the inferred semantics of Kconfig to translate Kconfig logic into
boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on it [1]. Another known related project
is CADOS [2] (former VAMOS [3]) and the tools, mainly undertaker [4], which has
been introduced first with [5]. The basic concept of undertaker is to exract
variability models from Kconfig, and put them together with a propositional
formula extracted from CPP #ifdefs and build-rules into a SAT solver in order
to find dead code, dead files, and dead symbols. If using a SAT solver is
desirable on Kconfig one approach would be to evaluate repurposing such efforts
somehow on Kconfig. There is enough interest from mentors of existing projects
to not only help advise how to integrate this work upstream but also help
maintain it long term. Interested developers should visit:
boolean formulas and run a SAT solver on it [5]_. Another known related project
is CADOS [6]_ (former VAMOS [7]_) and the tools, mainly undertaker [8]_, which
has been introduced first with [9]_. The basic concept of undertaker is to
exract variability models from Kconfig, and put them together with a
propositional formula extracted from CPP #ifdefs and build-rules into a SAT
solver in order to find dead code, dead files, and dead symbols. If using a SAT
solver is desirable on Kconfig one approach would be to evaluate repurposing
such efforts somehow on Kconfig. There is enough interest from mentors of
existing projects to not only help advise how to integrate this work upstream
but also help maintain it long term. Interested developers should visit:
http://kernelnewbies.org/KernelProjects/kconfig-sat
[0] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~sabhar/chapters/SATSolvers-KR-Handbook.pdf
[1] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
[2] https://cados.cs.fau.de
[3] https://vamos.cs.fau.de
[4] https://undertaker.cs.fau.de
[5] https://www4.cs.fau.de/Publications/2011/tartler_11_eurosys.pdf
.. [4] http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~sabhar/chapters/SATSolvers-KR-Handbook.pdf
.. [5] http://gsd.uwaterloo.ca/sites/default/files/vm-2013-berger.pdf
.. [6] https://cados.cs.fau.de
.. [7] https://vamos.cs.fau.de
.. [8] https://undertaker.cs.fau.de
.. [9] https://www4.cs.fau.de/Publications/2011/tartler_11_eurosys.pdf

37
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@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
======================
Kconfig macro language
======================
Concept
-------
@ -7,7 +11,7 @@ targets and prerequisites. The other is a macro language for performing textual
substitution.
There is clear distinction between the two language stages. For example, you
can write a makefile like follows:
can write a makefile like follows::
APP := foo
SRC := foo.c
@ -17,7 +21,7 @@ can write a makefile like follows:
$(CC) -o $(APP) $(SRC)
The macro language replaces the variable references with their expanded form,
and handles as if the source file were input like follows:
and handles as if the source file were input like follows::
foo: foo.c
gcc -o foo foo.c
@ -26,7 +30,7 @@ Then, Make analyzes the dependency graph and determines the targets to be
updated.
The idea is quite similar in Kconfig - it is possible to describe a Kconfig
file like this:
file like this::
CC := gcc
@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ file like this:
def_bool $(shell, $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-foo.sh $(CC))
The macro language in Kconfig processes the source file into the following
intermediate:
intermediate::
config CC_HAS_FOO
def_bool y
@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ variable. The righthand side of += is expanded immediately if the lefthand
side was originally defined as a simple variable. Otherwise, its evaluation is
deferred.
The variable reference can take parameters, in the following form:
The variable reference can take parameters, in the following form::
$(name,arg1,arg2,arg3)
@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ Make vs Kconfig
Kconfig adopts Make-like macro language, but the function call syntax is
slightly different.
A function call in Make looks like this:
A function call in Make looks like this::
$(func-name arg1,arg2,arg3)
@ -149,14 +153,14 @@ The function name and the first argument are separated by at least one
whitespace. Then, leading whitespaces are trimmed from the first argument,
while whitespaces in the other arguments are kept. You need to use a kind of
trick to start the first parameter with spaces. For example, if you want
to make "info" function print " hello", you can write like follows:
to make "info" function print " hello", you can write like follows::
empty :=
space := $(empty) $(empty)
$(info $(space)$(space)hello)
Kconfig uses only commas for delimiters, and keeps all whitespaces in the
function call. Some people prefer putting a space after each comma delimiter:
function call. Some people prefer putting a space after each comma delimiter::
$(func-name, arg1, arg2, arg3)
@ -166,7 +170,7 @@ Make - for example, $(subst .c, .o, $(sources)) is a typical mistake; it
replaces ".c" with " .o".
In Make, a user-defined function is referenced by using a built-in function,
'call', like this:
'call', like this::
$(call my-func,arg1,arg2,arg3)
@ -179,12 +183,12 @@ Likewise, $(info hello, world) prints "hello, world" to stdout. You could say
this is _useful_ inconsistency.
In Kconfig, for simpler implementation and grammatical consistency, commas that
appear in the $( ) context are always delimiters. It means
appear in the $( ) context are always delimiters. It means::
$(shell, echo hello, world)
is an error because it is passing two parameters where the 'shell' function
accepts only one. To pass commas in arguments, you can use the following trick:
accepts only one. To pass commas in arguments, you can use the following trick::
comma := ,
$(shell, echo hello$(comma) world)
@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ Caveats
A variable (or function) cannot be expanded across tokens. So, you cannot use
a variable as a shorthand for an expression that consists of multiple tokens.
The following works:
The following works::
RANGE_MIN := 1
RANGE_MAX := 3
@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ The following works:
int "foo"
range $(RANGE_MIN) $(RANGE_MAX)
But, the following does not work:
But, the following does not work::
RANGES := 1 3
@ -213,7 +217,7 @@ But, the following does not work:
range $(RANGES)
A variable cannot be expanded to any keyword in Kconfig. The following does
not work:
not work::
MY_TYPE := tristate
@ -223,7 +227,8 @@ not work:
Obviously from the design, $(shell command) is expanded in the textual
substitution phase. You cannot pass symbols to the 'shell' function.
The following does not work as expected.
The following does not work as expected::
config ENDIAN_FLAG
string
@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ The following does not work as expected.
def_bool $(shell $(srctree)/scripts/gcc-check-flag ENDIAN_FLAG)
Instead, you can do like follows so that any function call is statically
expanded.
expanded::
config CC_HAS_ENDIAN_FLAG
bool

136
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@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
This file contains some assistance for using "make *config".
===================
Kconfig make config
===================
This file contains some assistance for using `make *config`.
Use "make help" to list all of the possible configuration targets.
@ -6,9 +10,8 @@ The xconfig ('qconf'), menuconfig ('mconf'), and nconfig ('nconf')
programs also have embedded help text. Be sure to check that for
navigation, search, and other general help text.
======================================================================
General
--------------------------------------------------
-------
New kernel releases often introduce new config symbols. Often more
important, new kernel releases may rename config symbols. When
@ -17,51 +20,55 @@ this happens, using a previously working .config file and running
for you, so you may find that you need to see what NEW kernel
symbols have been introduced.
To see a list of new config symbols, use
To see a list of new config symbols, use::
cp user/some/old.config .config
make listnewconfig
and the config program will list any new symbols, one per line.
Alternatively, you can use the brute force method:
Alternatively, you can use the brute force method::
make oldconfig
scripts/diffconfig .config.old .config | less
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '*config'
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment variables for `*config`
KCONFIG_CONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
--------------
This environment variable can be used to specify a default kernel config
file name to override the default name of ".config".
KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
If you set KCONFIG_OVERWRITECONFIG in the environment, Kconfig will not
break symlinks when .config is a symlink to somewhere else.
CONFIG_
--------------------------------------------------
If you set CONFIG_ in the environment, Kconfig will prefix all symbols
`CONFIG_`
---------
If you set `CONFIG_` in the environment, Kconfig will prefix all symbols
with its value when saving the configuration, instead of using the default,
"CONFIG_".
`CONFIG_`.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
______________________________________________________________________
Environment variables for '{allyes/allmod/allno/rand}config'
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
-----------------
(partially based on lkml email from/by Rob Landley, re: miniconfig)
--------------------------------------------------
The allyesconfig/allmodconfig/allnoconfig/randconfig variants can also
use the environment variable KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG as a flag or a filename
that contains config symbols that the user requires to be set to a
specific value. If KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG is used without a filename where
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "" or KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "1", "make *config"
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "" or KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG == "1", `make *config`
checks for a file named "all{yes/mod/no/def/random}.config"
(corresponding to the *config command that was used) for symbol values
(corresponding to the `*config` command that was used) for symbol values
that are to be forced. If this file is not found, it checks for a
file named "all.config" to contain forced values.
@ -74,43 +81,55 @@ This 'KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG' file is a config file which contains
(usually a subset of all) preset config symbols. These variable
settings are still subject to normal dependency checks.
Examples:
Examples::
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=custom-notebook.config make allnoconfig
or
or::
KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config make allnoconfig
or
or::
make KCONFIG_ALLCONFIG=mini.config allnoconfig
These examples will disable most options (allnoconfig) but enable or
disable the options that are explicitly listed in the specified
mini-config files.
______________________________________________________________________
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment variables for 'randconfig'
KCONFIG_SEED
--------------------------------------------------
------------
You can set this to the integer value used to seed the RNG, if you want
to somehow debug the behaviour of the kconfig parser/frontends.
If not set, the current time will be used.
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY
--------------------------------------------------
-------------------
This variable can be used to skew the probabilities. This variable can
be unset or empty, or set to three different formats:
======================= ================== =====================
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY y:n split y:m:n split
-----------------------------------------------------------------
======================= ================== =====================
unset or empty 50 : 50 33 : 33 : 34
N N : 100-N N/2 : N/2 : 100-N
[1] N:M N+M : 100-(N+M) N : M : 100-(N+M)
[2] N:M:L N : 100-N M : L : 100-(M+L)
======================= ================== =====================
where N, M and L are integers (in base 10) in the range [0,100], and so
that:
[1] N+M is in the range [0,100]
[2] M+L is in the range [0,100]
Examples:
Examples::
KCONFIG_PROBABILITY=10
10% of booleans will be set to 'y', 90% to 'n'
5% of tristates will be set to 'y', 5% to 'm', 90% to 'n'
@ -121,34 +140,36 @@ Examples:
10% of booleans will be set to 'y', 90% to 'n'
15% of tristates will be set to 'y', 15% to 'm', 70% to 'n'
______________________________________________________________________
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment variables for 'syncconfig'
KCONFIG_NOSILENTUPDATE
--------------------------------------------------
----------------------
If this variable has a non-blank value, it prevents silent kernel
config updates (requires explicit updates).
KCONFIG_AUTOCONFIG
--------------------------------------------------
------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"auto.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/auto.conf".
KCONFIG_TRISTATE
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"tristate.conf" file. Its default value is "include/config/tristate.conf".
KCONFIG_AUTOHEADER
--------------------------------------------------
------------------
This environment variable can be set to specify the path & name of the
"autoconf.h" (header) file.
Its default value is "include/generated/autoconf.h".
======================================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------
menuconfig
--------------------------------------------------
----------
SEARCHING for CONFIG symbols
@ -158,7 +179,8 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
names, so you have to know something close to what you are
looking for.
Example:
Example::
/hotplug
This lists all config symbols that contain "hotplug",
e.g., HOTPLUG_CPU, MEMORY_HOTPLUG.
@ -166,48 +188,55 @@ Searching in menuconfig:
For search help, enter / followed by TAB-TAB (to highlight
<Help>) and Enter. This will tell you that you can also use
regular expressions (regexes) in the search string, so if you
are not interested in MEMORY_HOTPLUG, you could try
are not interested in MEMORY_HOTPLUG, you could try::
/^hotplug
When searching, symbols are sorted thus:
- first, exact matches, sorted alphabetically (an exact match
is when the search matches the complete symbol name);
- then, other matches, sorted alphabetically.
For example: ^ATH.K matches:
ATH5K ATH9K ATH5K_AHB ATH5K_DEBUG [...] ATH6KL ATH6KL_DEBUG
[...] ATH9K_AHB ATH9K_BTCOEX_SUPPORT ATH9K_COMMON [...]
of which only ATH5K and ATH9K match exactly and so are sorted
first (and in alphabetical order), then come all other symbols,
sorted in alphabetical order.
______________________________________________________________________
----------------------------------------------------------------------
User interface options for 'menuconfig'
MENUCONFIG_COLOR
--------------------------------------------------
----------------
It is possible to select different color themes using the variable
MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use:
MENUCONFIG_COLOR. To select a theme use::
make MENUCONFIG_COLOR=<theme> menuconfig
Available themes are:
mono => selects colors suitable for monochrome displays
blackbg => selects a color scheme with black background
classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
Available themes are::
- mono => selects colors suitable for monochrome displays
- blackbg => selects a color scheme with black background
- classic => theme with blue background. The classic look
- bluetitle => a LCD friendly version of classic. (default)
MENUCONFIG_MODE
--------------------------------------------------
---------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
Example:
Example::
make MENUCONFIG_MODE=single_menu menuconfig
----------------------------------------------------------------------
======================================================================
nconfig
--------------------------------------------------
-------
nconfig is an alternate text-based configurator. It lists function
keys across the bottom of the terminal (window) that execute commands.
@ -231,16 +260,16 @@ Searching in nconfig:
given string or regular expression (regex).
NCONFIG_MODE
--------------------------------------------------
------------
This mode shows all sub-menus in one large tree.
Example:
Example::
make NCONFIG_MODE=single_menu nconfig
----------------------------------------------------------------------
======================================================================
xconfig
--------------------------------------------------
-------
Searching in xconfig:
@ -260,13 +289,12 @@ Searching in xconfig:
to return to the main menu.
======================================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------
gconfig
--------------------------------------------------
-------
Searching in gconfig:
There is no search command in gconfig. However, gconfig does
have several different viewing choices, modes, and options.
###

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168
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@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
=========================
Building External Modules
=========================
This document describes how to build an out-of-tree kernel module.
=== Table of Contents
.. Table of Contents
=== 1 Introduction
=== 2 How to Build External Modules
@ -31,7 +33,8 @@ This document describes how to build an out-of-tree kernel module.
=== 1. Introduction
1. Introduction
===============
"kbuild" is the build system used by the Linux kernel. Modules must use
kbuild to stay compatible with changes in the build infrastructure and
@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ easily accomplished, and a complete example will be presented in
section 3.
=== 2. How to Build External Modules
2. How to Build External Modules
================================
To build external modules, you must have a prebuilt kernel available
that contains the configuration and header files used in the build.
@ -65,25 +69,27 @@ NOTE: "modules_prepare" will not build Module.symvers even if
CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is set; therefore, a full kernel build needs to be
executed to make module versioning work.
--- 2.1 Command Syntax
2.1 Command Syntax
==================
The command to build an external module is:
The command to build an external module is::
$ make -C <path_to_kernel_src> M=$PWD
The kbuild system knows that an external module is being built
due to the "M=<dir>" option given in the command.
To build against the running kernel use:
To build against the running kernel use::
$ make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD
Then to install the module(s) just built, add the target
"modules_install" to the command:
"modules_install" to the command::
$ make -C /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build M=$PWD modules_install
--- 2.2 Options
2.2 Options
===========
($KDIR refers to the path of the kernel source directory.)
@ -100,7 +106,8 @@ executed to make module versioning work.
directory where the external module (kbuild file) is
located.
--- 2.3 Targets
2.3 Targets
===========
When building an external module, only a subset of the "make"
targets are available.
@ -130,26 +137,29 @@ executed to make module versioning work.
help
List the available targets for external modules.
--- 2.4 Building Separate Files
2.4 Building Separate Files
===========================
It is possible to build single files that are part of a module.
This works equally well for the kernel, a module, and even for
external modules.
Example (The module foo.ko, consist of bar.o and baz.o):
Example (The module foo.ko, consist of bar.o and baz.o)::
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD bar.lst
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD baz.o
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD foo.ko
make -C $KDIR M=$PWD ./
=== 3. Creating a Kbuild File for an External Module
3. Creating a Kbuild File for an External Module
================================================
In the last section we saw the command to build a module for the
running kernel. The module is not actually built, however, because a
build file is required. Contained in this file will be the name of
the module(s) being built, along with the list of requisite source
files. The file may be as simple as a single line:
files. The file may be as simple as a single line::
obj-m := <module_name>.o
@ -157,15 +167,15 @@ The kbuild system will build <module_name>.o from <module_name>.c,
and, after linking, will result in the kernel module <module_name>.ko.
The above line can be put in either a "Kbuild" file or a "Makefile."
When the module is built from multiple sources, an additional line is
needed listing the files:
needed listing the files::
<module_name>-y := <src1>.o <src2>.o ...
NOTE: Further documentation describing the syntax used by kbuild is
located in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt.
located in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst.
The examples below demonstrate how to create a build file for the
module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files::
8123_if.c
8123_if.h
@ -181,7 +191,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
but should be filtered out from kbuild due to possible name
clashes.
Example 1:
Example 1::
--> filename: Makefile
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
# kbuild part of makefile
@ -209,14 +220,16 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
line; the second pass is by the kbuild system, which is
initiated by the parameterized "make" in the default target.
--- 3.2 Separate Kbuild File and Makefile
3.2 Separate Kbuild File and Makefile
-------------------------------------
In newer versions of the kernel, kbuild will first look for a
file named "Kbuild," and only if that is not found, will it
then look for a makefile. Utilizing a "Kbuild" file allows us
to split up the makefile from example 1 into two files:
Example 2:
Example 2::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@ -238,7 +251,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
The next example shows a backward compatible version.
Example 3:
Example 3::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@ -266,7 +280,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
makefiles, to be used when the "make" and kbuild parts are
split into separate files.
--- 3.3 Binary Blobs
3.3 Binary Blobs
----------------
Some external modules need to include an object file as a blob.
kbuild has support for this, but requires the blob file to be
@ -277,7 +292,7 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
Throughout this section, 8123_bin.o_shipped has been used to
build the kernel module 8123.ko; it has been included as
8123_bin.o.
8123_bin.o::
8123-y := 8123_if.o 8123_pci.o 8123_bin.o
@ -285,11 +300,12 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
files and the binary file, kbuild will pick up different rules
when creating the object file for the module.
--- 3.4 Building Multiple Modules
3.4 Building Multiple Modules
=============================
kbuild supports building multiple modules with a single build
file. For example, if you wanted to build two modules, foo.ko
and bar.ko, the kbuild lines would be:
and bar.ko, the kbuild lines would be::
obj-m := foo.o bar.o
foo-y := <foo_srcs>
@ -298,7 +314,8 @@ module 8123.ko, which is built from the following files:
It is that simple!
=== 4. Include Files
4. Include Files
================
Within the kernel, header files are kept in standard locations
according to the following rule:
@ -310,22 +327,25 @@ according to the following rule:
of the kernel that are located in different directories, then
the file is placed in include/linux/.
NOTE: There are two notable exceptions to this rule: larger
subsystems have their own directory under include/, such as
include/scsi; and architecture specific headers are located
under arch/$(ARCH)/include/.
NOTE:
There are two notable exceptions to this rule: larger
subsystems have their own directory under include/, such as
include/scsi; and architecture specific headers are located
under arch/$(ARCH)/include/.
--- 4.1 Kernel Includes
4.1 Kernel Includes
-------------------
To include a header file located under include/linux/, simply
use:
use::
#include <linux/module.h>
kbuild will add options to "gcc" so the relevant directories
are searched.
--- 4.2 Single Subdirectory
4.2 Single Subdirectory
-----------------------
External modules tend to place header files in a separate
include/ directory where their source is located, although this
@ -334,7 +354,7 @@ according to the following rule:
Using the example from section 3, if we moved 8123_if.h to a
subdirectory named include, the resulting kbuild file would
look like:
look like::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := 8123.o
@ -346,23 +366,24 @@ according to the following rule:
the path. This is a limitation of kbuild: there must be no
space present.
--- 4.3 Several Subdirectories
4.3 Several Subdirectories
--------------------------
kbuild can handle files that are spread over several directories.
Consider the following example:
Consider the following example::
.
|__ src
| |__ complex_main.c
| |__ hal
| |__ hardwareif.c
| |__ include
| |__ hardwareif.h
|__ include
|__ complex.h
.
|__ src
| |__ complex_main.c
| |__ hal
| |__ hardwareif.c
| |__ include
| |__ hardwareif.h
|__ include
|__ complex.h
To build the module complex.ko, we then need the following
kbuild file:
kbuild file::
--> filename: Kbuild
obj-m := complex.o
@ -385,7 +406,8 @@ according to the following rule:
file is located.
=== 5. Module Installation
5. Module Installation
======================
Modules which are included in the kernel are installed in the
directory:
@ -396,11 +418,12 @@ And external modules are installed in:
/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/extra/
--- 5.1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH
5.1 INSTALL_MOD_PATH
--------------------
Above are the default directories but as always some level of
customization is possible. A prefix can be added to the
installation path using the variable INSTALL_MOD_PATH:
installation path using the variable INSTALL_MOD_PATH::
$ make INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/frodo modules_install
=> Install dir: /frodo/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/kernel/
@ -410,20 +433,22 @@ And external modules are installed in:
calling "make." This has effect when installing both in-tree
and out-of-tree modules.
--- 5.2 INSTALL_MOD_DIR
5.2 INSTALL_MOD_DIR
-------------------
External modules are by default installed to a directory under
/lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/extra/, but you may wish to
locate modules for a specific functionality in a separate
directory. For this purpose, use INSTALL_MOD_DIR to specify an
alternative name to "extra."
alternative name to "extra."::
$ make INSTALL_MOD_DIR=gandalf -C $KDIR \
M=$PWD modules_install
=> Install dir: /lib/modules/$(KERNELRELEASE)/gandalf/
=== 6. Module Versioning
6. Module Versioning
====================
Module versioning is enabled by the CONFIG_MODVERSIONS tag, and is used
as a simple ABI consistency check. A CRC value of the full prototype
@ -435,14 +460,16 @@ module.
Module.symvers contains a list of all exported symbols from a kernel
build.
--- 6.1 Symbols From the Kernel (vmlinux + modules)
6.1 Symbols From the Kernel (vmlinux + modules)
-----------------------------------------------
During a kernel build, a file named Module.symvers will be
generated. Module.symvers contains all exported symbols from
the kernel and compiled modules. For each symbol, the
corresponding CRC value is also stored.
The syntax of the Module.symvers file is:
The syntax of the Module.symvers file is::
<CRC> <Symbol> <module>
0x2d036834 scsi_remove_host drivers/scsi/scsi_mod
@ -451,10 +478,12 @@ build.
would read 0x00000000.
Module.symvers serves two purposes:
1) It lists all exported symbols from vmlinux and all modules.
2) It lists the CRC if CONFIG_MODVERSIONS is enabled.
--- 6.2 Symbols and External Modules
6.2 Symbols and External Modules
--------------------------------
When building an external module, the build system needs access
to the symbols from the kernel to check if all external symbols
@ -481,17 +510,17 @@ build.
foo.ko needs symbols from bar.ko, you can use a
common top-level kbuild file so both modules are
compiled in the same build. Consider the following
directory layout:
directory layout::
./foo/ <= contains foo.ko
./bar/ <= contains bar.ko
./foo/ <= contains foo.ko
./bar/ <= contains bar.ko
The top-level kbuild file would then look like:
The top-level kbuild file would then look like::
#./Kbuild (or ./Makefile):
obj-y := foo/ bar/
#./Kbuild (or ./Makefile):
obj-y := foo/ bar/
And executing
And executing::
$ make -C $KDIR M=$PWD
@ -518,14 +547,16 @@ build.
initialization of its symbol tables.
=== 7. Tips & Tricks
7. Tips & Tricks
================
--- 7.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR
7.1 Testing for CONFIG_FOO_BAR
------------------------------
Modules often need to check for certain CONFIG_ options to
Modules often need to check for certain `CONFIG_` options to
decide if a specific feature is included in the module. In
kbuild this is done by referencing the CONFIG_ variable
directly.
kbuild this is done by referencing the `CONFIG_` variable
directly::
#fs/ext2/Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS) += ext2.o
@ -534,8 +565,7 @@ build.
ext2-$(CONFIG_EXT2_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o
External modules have traditionally used "grep" to check for
specific CONFIG_ settings directly in .config. This usage is
specific `CONFIG_` settings directly in .config. This usage is
broken. As introduced before, external modules should use
kbuild for building and can therefore use the same methods as
in-tree modules when testing for CONFIG_ definitions.
in-tree modules when testing for `CONFIG_` definitions.

4
Documentation/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
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@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ make a neat patch, there's administrative work to be done:
- Usually you want a configuration option for your kernel hack. Edit
``Kconfig`` in the appropriate directory. The Config language is
simple to use by cut and paste, and there's complete documentation in
``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``.
``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``.
In your description of the option, make sure you address both the
expert user and the user who knows nothing about your feature.
@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ make a neat patch, there's administrative work to be done:
- Edit the ``Makefile``: the CONFIG variables are exported here so you
can usually just add a "obj-$(CONFIG_xxx) += xxx.o" line. The syntax
is documented in ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt``.
is documented in ``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst``.
- Put yourself in ``CREDITS`` if you've done something noteworthy,
usually beyond a single file (your name should be at the top of the

2
Documentation/process/coding-style.rst
View File

@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ filesystems) should advertise this prominently in their prompt string::
...
For full documentation on the configuration files, see the file
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
11) Data structures

2
Documentation/process/submit-checklist.rst
View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ and elsewhere regarding submitting Linux kernel patches.
6) Any new or modified ``CONFIG`` options do not muck up the config menu and
default to off unless they meet the exception criteria documented in
``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt`` Menu attributes: default value.
``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` Menu attributes: default value.
7) All new ``Kconfig`` options have help text.

4
Documentation/translations/it_IT/kernel-hacking/hacking.rst
View File

@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ anche per avere patch pulite, c'è del lavoro amministrativo da fare:
- Solitamente vorrete un'opzione di configurazione per la vostra modifica
al kernel. Modificate ``Kconfig`` nella cartella giusta. Il linguaggio
Config è facile con copia ed incolla, e c'è una completa documentazione
nel file ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``.
nel file ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``.
Nella descrizione della vostra opzione, assicuratevi di parlare sia agli
utenti esperti sia agli utente che non sanno nulla del vostro lavoro.
@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ anche per avere patch pulite, c'è del lavoro amministrativo da fare:
- Modificate il file ``Makefile``: le variabili CONFIG sono esportate qui,
quindi potete solitamente aggiungere una riga come la seguete
"obj-$(CONFIG_xxx) += xxx.o". La sintassi è documentata nel file
``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt``.
``Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst``.
- Aggiungete voi stessi in ``CREDITS`` se avete fatto qualcosa di notevole,
solitamente qualcosa che supera il singolo file (comunque il vostro nome

2
Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/coding-style.rst
View File

@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ nella stringa di titolo::
...
Per la documentazione completa sui file di configurazione, consultate
il documento Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
il documento Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
11) Strutture dati

2
Documentation/translations/it_IT/process/submit-checklist.rst
View File

@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ sottomissione delle patch, in particolare
6) Le opzioni ``CONFIG``, nuove o modificate, non scombussolano il menu
di configurazione e sono preimpostate come disabilitate a meno che non
soddisfino i criteri descritti in ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt``
soddisfino i criteri descritti in ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst``
alla punto "Voci di menu: valori predefiniti".
7) Tutte le nuove opzioni ``Kconfig`` hanno un messaggio di aiuto.

2
Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/coding-style.rst
View File

@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Documentation/doc-guide/ 和 scripts/kernel-doc 以获得详细信息。
depends on ADFS_FS
...
要查看配置文件的完整文档，请看 Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt。
要查看配置文件的完整文档，请看 Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst。
11) 数据结构

2
Documentation/translations/zh_CN/process/submit-checklist.rst
View File

@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Linux内核补丁提交清单
违规行为。
6) 任何新的或修改过的 ``CONFIG`` 选项都不会弄脏配置菜单，并默认为关闭，除非
它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt`` 中记录的异常条件,
它们符合 ``Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst`` 中记录的异常条件,
菜单属性：默认值.
7) 所有新的 ``kconfig`` 选项都有帮助文本。

2
Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
mainmenu "Linux/$(ARCH) $(KERNELVERSION) Kernel Configuration"

2
arch/arc/plat-eznps/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
menuconfig ARC_PLAT_EZNPS

2
arch/c6x/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config C6X

2
arch/microblaze/Kconfig.debug
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
config TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT
def_bool y

2
arch/microblaze/Kconfig.platform
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Platform selection Kconfig menu for MicroBlaze targets
#

2
arch/nds32/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config NDS32

2
arch/openrisc/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config OPENRISC

2
arch/powerpc/sysdev/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config PPC4xx_PCI_EXPRESS

2
arch/riscv/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
config 64BIT

2
drivers/auxdisplay/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Auxiliary display drivers configuration.
#

2
drivers/firmware/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
menu "Firmware Drivers"

2
drivers/mtd/devices/Kconfig
View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ config MTD_MS02NV
If you want to compile this driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
The module will be called ms02-nv.
config MTD_DATAFLASH

6
drivers/net/ethernet/smsc/Kconfig
View File

@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ config SMC91X
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called smc91x. If you want to compile it as a
module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config PCMCIA_SMC91C92
tristate "SMC 91Cxx PCMCIA support"
@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ config SMC911X
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called smc911x. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>
config SMSC911X
tristate "SMSC LAN911x/LAN921x families embedded ethernet support"
@ -121,6 +121,6 @@ config SMSC9420
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called smsc9420. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>
endif # NET_VENDOR_SMSC

4
drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlegacy/Kconfig
View File

@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ config IWL4965
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwl4965.
config IWL3945
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ config IWL3945
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwl3945.
menu "iwl3945 / iwl4965 Debugging Options"

2
drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/Kconfig
View File

@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ config IWLWIFI
If you want to compile the driver as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The
module will be called iwlwifi.
if IWLWIFI

2
drivers/parport/Kconfig
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
#
# For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.
# see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst.
#
# Parport configuration.
#

4
drivers/scsi/Kconfig
View File

@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ config CHR_DEV_SCH
If you want to compile this as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want),
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt> and
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst> and
<file:Documentation/scsi/scsi.txt>. The module will be called ch.o.
If unsure, say N.
@ -1474,7 +1474,7 @@ config ZFCP
This driver is also available as a module. This module will be
called zfcp. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config SCSI_PMCRAID
tristate "PMC SIERRA Linux MaxRAID adapter support"

2
drivers/staging/sm750fb/Kconfig
View File

@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ config FB_SM750
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called sm750fb. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.

4
drivers/usb/misc/Kconfig
View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ config USB_EMI62
This code is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called audio. If you want to compile it as a
module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config USB_EMI26
tristate "EMI 2|6 USB Audio interface support"
@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ config USB_LEGOTOWER
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you want).
The module will be called legousbtower. If you want to compile it as
a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config USB_LCD
tristate "USB LCD driver support"

14
drivers/video/fbdev/Kconfig
View File

@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ config FB_ARMCLCD
If you want to compile this as a module (=code which can be
inserted into and removed from the running kernel), say M
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. The module
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. The module
will be called amba-clcd.
config FB_ACORN
@ -1752,7 +1752,7 @@ config FB_PXA
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called pxafb. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ config FB_W100
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called w100fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@ -1862,7 +1862,7 @@ config FB_TMIO
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called tmiofb. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@ -1908,7 +1908,7 @@ config FB_S3C2410
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called s3c2410fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
config FB_S3C2410_DEBUG
@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ config FB_SM501
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted and removed from the running kernel whenever you want). The
module will be called sm501fb. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If unsure, say N.
@ -2288,7 +2288,7 @@ config FB_SM712
This driver is also available as a module. The module will be
called sm712fb. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
source "drivers/video/fbdev/omap/Kconfig"
source "drivers/video/fbdev/omap2/Kconfig"

2
net/bridge/netfilter/Kconfig
View File

@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ config BRIDGE_EBT_LIMIT
equivalent of the iptables limit match.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config BRIDGE_EBT_MARK
tristate "ebt: mark filter support"

2
net/ipv4/netfilter/Kconfig
View File

@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ config IP_NF_RAW
and OUTPUT chains.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
# security table for MAC policy
config IP_NF_SECURITY

2
net/ipv6/netfilter/Kconfig
View File

@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ config IP6_NF_RAW
and OUTPUT chains.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
# security table for MAC policy
config IP6_NF_SECURITY

16
net/netfilter/Kconfig
View File

@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_TRACE
the tables, chains, rules.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_SECMARK
tristate '"SECMARK" target support'
@ -1115,7 +1115,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE
eg. UNICAST, LOCAL, BROADCAST, ...
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_BPF
tristate '"bpf" match support'
@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_COMMENT
comments in your iptables ruleset.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNBYTES
tristate '"connbytes" per-connection counter match support'
@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNBYTES
number of bytes and/or packets for each direction within a connection.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNLABEL
tristate '"connlabel" match support'
@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_DCCP
and DCCP flags.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_DEVGROUP
tristate '"devgroup" match support'
@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_QUOTA
byte counter.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RATEEST
tristate '"rateest" match support'
@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_REALM
in tc world.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_RECENT
tristate '"recent" match support'
@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_SCTP
and SCTP chunk types.
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>. If unsure, say `N'.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>. If unsure, say `N'.
config NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_SOCKET
tristate '"socket" match support'

2
net/tipc/Kconfig
View File

@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ menuconfig TIPC
This protocol support is also available as a module ( = code which
can be inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). The module will be called tipc. If you want to compile it
as a module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
as a module, say M here and read <file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
If in doubt, say N.

4
scripts/Kbuild.include
View File

@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ endef
######
# gcc support functions
# See documentation in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt
# See documentation in Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst
# cc-cross-prefix
# Usage: CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, m68k-linux-gnu- m68k-linux-)
@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ objectify = $(foreach o,$(1),$(if $(filter /%,$(o)),$(o),$(obj)/$(o)))
# if_changed_dep - as if_changed, but uses fixdep to reveal dependencies
# including used config symbols
# if_changed_rule - as if_changed but execute rule instead
# See Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt for more info
# See Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst for more info
ifneq ($(KBUILD_NOCMDDEP),1)
# Check if both arguments are the same including their order. Result is empty

2
scripts/Makefile.host
View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
#
# Both C and C++ are supported, but preferred language is C for such utilities.
#
# Sample syntax (see Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt for reference)
# Sample syntax (see Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.rst for reference)
# hostprogs-y := bin2hex
# Will compile bin2hex.c and create an executable named bin2hex
#

2
scripts/kconfig/symbol.c
View File

@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ static void sym_check_print_recursive(struct symbol *last_sym)
}
fprintf(stderr,
"For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt\n"
"For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst\n"
"subsection \"Kconfig recursive dependency limitations\"\n"
"\n");

14
scripts/kconfig/tests/err_recursive_dep/expected_stderr
View File

@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
Kconfig:11:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:11: symbol B is selected by B
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:5:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:5: symbol A depends on A
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:17:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:17: symbol C1 depends on C2
Kconfig:21: symbol C2 depends on C1
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:32:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:32: symbol D2 is selected by D1
Kconfig:27: symbol D1 depends on D2
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:37:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:37: symbol E1 depends on E2
Kconfig:42: symbol E2 is implied by E1
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:60:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:60: symbol G depends on G
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"
Kconfig:51:error: recursive dependency detected!
Kconfig:51: symbol F2 depends on F1
Kconfig:49: symbol F1 default value contains F2
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt
For a resolution refer to Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.rst
subsection "Kconfig recursive dependency limitations"

6
sound/oss/dmasound/Kconfig
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ config DMASOUND_ATARI
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND_PAULA
tristate "Amiga DMA sound support"
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ config DMASOUND_PAULA
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND_Q40
tristate "Q40 sound support"
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ config DMASOUND_Q40
This driver is also available as a module ( = code which can be
inserted in and removed from the running kernel whenever you
want). If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.txt>.
<file:Documentation/kbuild/modules.rst>.
config DMASOUND
tristate