perf annotate: LLVM-based disassembler

Support using LLVM as a disassembler method, allowing helperless
annotation in non-distro builds. (It is also much faster than
using libbfd or bfd objdump on binaries with a lot of debug
information.)

This is nearly identical to the output of llvm-objdump; there are
some very rare whitespace differences, some minor changes to demangling
(since we use perf's regular demangling and not LLVM's own) and
the occasional case where llvm-objdump makes a different choice
when multiple symbols share the same address.

It should work across all of LLVM's supported architectures, although
I've only tested 64-bit x86, and finding the right triple from perf's
idea of machine architecture can sometimes be a bit tricky. Ideally, we
should have some way of finding the triplet just from the file itself.

Committer notes:

Address this on 32-bit systems by using PRIu64 from inttypes.h

     3    17.58 almalinux:9-i386              : FAIL gcc version 11.4.1 20231218 (Red Hat 11.4.1-3) (GCC)
      util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp: In function ‘char* make_symbol_relative_string(dso*, const char*, u64, u64)’:
      util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp:150:52: error: format ‘%lx’ expects argument of type ‘long unsigned int’, but argument 5 has type ‘u64’ {aka
  +‘long long unsigned int’} [-Werror=format=]
        150 |                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s+0x%lx",
            |                                                  ~~^
            |                                                    |
            |                                                    long unsigned int
            |                                                  %llx
        151 |                          demangled ? demangled : sym_name, addr - base_addr);
            |                                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
            |                                                                 |
            |                                                                 u64 {aka long long unsigned int}
      cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors

Signed-off-by: Steinar H. Gunderson <sesse@google.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240803152008.2818485-3-sesse@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/util/disasm.c

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ static int call__scnprintf(struct ins *ins, char *bf, size_t size,
 static void ins__sort(struct arch *arch);
 static int disasm_line__parse(char *line, const char **namep, char **rawp);
 static int disasm_line__parse_powerpc(struct disasm_line *dl);
+static char *expand_tabs(char *line, char **storage, size_t *storage_len);
 
 static __attribute__((constructor)) void symbol__init_regexpr(void)
 {
@@ -1354,7 +1355,9 @@ static int open_capstone_handle(struct annotate_args *args, bool is_64bit,
 
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(HAVE_LIBCAPSTONE_SUPPORT) || defined(HAVE_LIBLLVM_SUPPORT)
 struct find_file_offset_data {
 	u64 ip;
 	u64 offset;
@@ -1418,7 +1421,9 @@ err:
 	free(buf);
 	return NULL;
 }
+#endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSTONE_SUPPORT
 static void print_capstone_detail(cs_insn *insn, char *buf, size_t len,
 				  struct annotate_args *args, u64 addr)
 {
@@ -1805,6 +1810,189 @@ err:
 	count = -1;
 	goto out;
 }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBLLVM_SUPPORT
+#include <llvm-c/Disassembler.h>
+#include <llvm-c/Target.h>
+#include "util/llvm-c-helpers.h"
+
+struct symbol_lookup_storage {
+	u64 branch_addr;
+	u64 pcrel_load_addr;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Whenever LLVM wants to resolve an address into a symbol, it calls this
+ * callback. We don't ever actually _return_ anything (in particular, because
+ * it puts quotation marks around what we return), but we use this as a hint
+ * that there is a branch or PC-relative address in the expression that we
+ * should add some textual annotation for after the instruction. The caller
+ * will use this information to add the actual annotation.
+ */
+static const char *
+symbol_lookup_callback(void *disinfo, uint64_t value,
+		       uint64_t *ref_type,
+		       uint64_t address __maybe_unused,
+		       const char **ref __maybe_unused)
+{
+	struct symbol_lookup_storage *storage = disinfo;
+
+	if (*ref_type == LLVMDisassembler_ReferenceType_In_Branch)
+		storage->branch_addr = value;
+	else if (*ref_type == LLVMDisassembler_ReferenceType_In_PCrel_Load)
+		storage->pcrel_load_addr = value;
+	*ref_type = LLVMDisassembler_ReferenceType_InOut_None;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int symbol__disassemble_llvm(char *filename, struct symbol *sym,
+				    struct annotate_args *args)
+{
+	struct annotation *notes = symbol__annotation(sym);
+	struct map *map = args->ms.map;
+	struct dso *dso = map__dso(map);
+	u64 start = map__rip_2objdump(map, sym->start);
+	u8 *buf;
+	u64 len;
+	u64 pc;
+	bool is_64bit;
+	char triplet[64];
+	char disasm_buf[2048];
+	size_t disasm_len;
+	struct disasm_line *dl;
+	LLVMDisasmContextRef disasm = NULL;
+	struct symbol_lookup_storage storage;
+	char *line_storage = NULL;
+	size_t line_storage_len = 0;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	if (args->options->objdump_path)
+		return -1;
+
+	LLVMInitializeAllTargetInfos();
+	LLVMInitializeAllTargetMCs();
+	LLVMInitializeAllDisassemblers();
+
+	buf = read_symbol(filename, map, sym, &len, &is_64bit);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (arch__is(args->arch, "x86")) {
+		if (is_64bit)
+			scnprintf(triplet, sizeof(triplet), "x86_64-pc-linux");
+		else
+			scnprintf(triplet, sizeof(triplet), "i686-pc-linux");
+	} else {
+		scnprintf(triplet, sizeof(triplet), "%s-linux-gnu",
+			  args->arch->name);
+	}
+
+	disasm = LLVMCreateDisasm(triplet, &storage, 0, NULL,
+				  symbol_lookup_callback);
+	if (disasm == NULL)
+		goto err;
+
+	if (args->options->disassembler_style &&
+	    !strcmp(args->options->disassembler_style, "intel"))
+		LLVMSetDisasmOptions(disasm,
+				     LLVMDisassembler_Option_AsmPrinterVariant);
+
+	/*
+	 * This needs to be set after AsmPrinterVariant, due to a bug in LLVM;
+	 * setting AsmPrinterVariant makes a new instruction printer, making it
+	 * forget about the PrintImmHex flag (which is applied before if both
+	 * are given to the same call).
+	 */
+	LLVMSetDisasmOptions(disasm, LLVMDisassembler_Option_PrintImmHex);
+
+	/* add the function address and name */
+	scnprintf(disasm_buf, sizeof(disasm_buf), "%#"PRIx64" <%s>:",
+		  start, sym->name);
+
+	args->offset = -1;
+	args->line = disasm_buf;
+	args->line_nr = 0;
+	args->fileloc = NULL;
+	args->ms.sym = sym;
+
+	dl = disasm_line__new(args);
+	if (dl == NULL)
+		goto err;
+
+	annotation_line__add(&dl->al, &notes->src->source);
+
+	pc = start;
+	for (u64 offset = 0; offset < len; ) {
+		unsigned int ins_len;
+
+		storage.branch_addr = 0;
+		storage.pcrel_load_addr = 0;
+
+		ins_len = LLVMDisasmInstruction(disasm, buf + offset,
+						len - offset, pc,
+						disasm_buf, sizeof(disasm_buf));
+		if (ins_len == 0)
+			goto err;
+		disasm_len = strlen(disasm_buf);
+
+		if (storage.branch_addr != 0) {
+			char *name = llvm_name_for_code(dso, filename,
+							storage.branch_addr);
+			if (name != NULL) {
+				disasm_len += scnprintf(disasm_buf + disasm_len,
+							sizeof(disasm_buf) -
+								disasm_len,
+							" <%s>", name);
+				free(name);
+			}
+		}
+		if (storage.pcrel_load_addr != 0) {
+			char *name = llvm_name_for_data(dso, filename,
+							storage.pcrel_load_addr);
+			disasm_len += scnprintf(disasm_buf + disasm_len,
+						sizeof(disasm_buf) - disasm_len,
+						"  # %#"PRIx64,
+						storage.pcrel_load_addr);
+			if (name) {
+				disasm_len += scnprintf(disasm_buf + disasm_len,
+							sizeof(disasm_buf) -
+							disasm_len,
+							" <%s>", name);
+				free(name);
+			}
+		}
+
+		args->offset = offset;
+		args->line = expand_tabs(disasm_buf, &line_storage,
+					 &line_storage_len);
+		args->line_nr = 0;
+		args->fileloc = NULL;
+		args->ms.sym = sym;
+
+		llvm_addr2line(filename, pc, &args->fileloc,
+			       (unsigned int *)&args->line_nr, false, NULL);
+
+		dl = disasm_line__new(args);
+		if (dl == NULL)
+			goto err;
+
+		annotation_line__add(&dl->al, &notes->src->source);
+
+		free(args->fileloc);
+		pc += ins_len;
+		offset += ins_len;
+	}
+
+	ret = 0;
+
+err:
+	LLVMDisasmDispose(disasm);
+	free(buf);
+	free(line_storage);
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Possibly create a new version of line with tabs expanded. Returns the
  * existing or new line, storage is updated if a new line is allocated. If
@@ -1951,6 +2139,11 @@ int symbol__disassemble(struct symbol *sym, struct annotate_args *args)
 		}
 	}
 
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBLLVM_SUPPORT
+	err = symbol__disassemble_llvm(symfs_filename, sym, args);
+	if (err == 0)
+		goto out_remove_tmp;
+#endif
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCAPSTONE_SUPPORT
 	err = symbol__disassemble_capstone(symfs_filename, sym, args);
 	if (err == 0)

tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"  /* Needed for LLVM <= 15 */
 #include <llvm/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.h>
+#include <llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h>
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
@@ -19,6 +21,9 @@ extern "C" {
 #include "symbol_conf.h"
 #include "llvm-c-helpers.h"
 
+extern "C"
+char *dso__demangle_sym(struct dso *dso, int kmodule, const char *elf_name);
+
 using namespace llvm;
 using llvm::symbolize::LLVMSymbolizer;
 
@@ -132,3 +137,61 @@ int llvm_addr2line(const char *dso_name, u64 addr,
 		return extract_file_and_line(*res_or_err, file, line);
 	}
 }
+
+static char *
+make_symbol_relative_string(struct dso *dso, const char *sym_name,
+			    u64 addr, u64 base_addr)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(sym_name, "<invalid>"))
+		return NULL;
+
+	char *demangled = dso__demangle_sym(dso, 0, sym_name);
+	if (base_addr && base_addr != addr) {
+		char buf[256];
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s+0x%" PRIx64,
+			 demangled ? demangled : sym_name, addr - base_addr);
+		free(demangled);
+		return strdup(buf);
+	} else {
+		if (demangled)
+			return demangled;
+		else
+			return strdup(sym_name);
+	}
+}
+
+extern "C"
+char *llvm_name_for_code(struct dso *dso, const char *dso_name, u64 addr)
+{
+	LLVMSymbolizer *symbolizer = get_symbolizer();
+	object::SectionedAddress sectioned_addr = {
+		addr,
+		object::SectionedAddress::UndefSection
+	};
+	Expected<DILineInfo> res_or_err =
+		symbolizer->symbolizeCode(dso_name, sectioned_addr);
+	if (!res_or_err) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return make_symbol_relative_string(
+		dso, res_or_err->FunctionName.c_str(),
+		addr, res_or_err->StartAddress ? *res_or_err->StartAddress : 0);
+}
+
+extern "C"
+char *llvm_name_for_data(struct dso *dso, const char *dso_name, u64 addr)
+{
+	LLVMSymbolizer *symbolizer = get_symbolizer();
+	object::SectionedAddress sectioned_addr = {
+		addr,
+		object::SectionedAddress::UndefSection
+	};
+	Expected<DIGlobal> res_or_err =
+		symbolizer->symbolizeData(dso_name, sectioned_addr);
+	if (!res_or_err) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return make_symbol_relative_string(
+		dso, res_or_err->Name.c_str(),
+		addr, res_or_err->Start);
+}

tools/perf/util/llvm-c-helpers.h

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+struct dso;
+
 struct llvm_a2l_frame {
   char* filename;
   char* funcname;
@@ -42,6 +44,15 @@ int llvm_addr2line(const char* dso_name,
                    bool unwind_inlines,
                    struct llvm_a2l_frame** inline_frames);
 
+/*
+ * Simple symbolizers for addresses; will convert something like
+ * 0x12345 to "func+0x123". Will return NULL if no symbol was found.
+ *
+ * The returned value must be freed by the caller, with free().
+ */
+char *llvm_name_for_code(struct dso *dso, const char *dso_name, u64 addr);
+char *llvm_name_for_data(struct dso *dso, const char *dso_name, u64 addr);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif