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treewide: Add SPDX license identifier - Makefile/Kconfig Add SPDX license identifiers to all Make/Kconfig files which: - Have no license information of any form These files fall under the project license, GPL v2 only. The resulting SPDX license identifier is: GPL-2.0-only Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-05-19 05:07:45 -07:00
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
menu "Kernel hardening options"
config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
bool
help
While the kernel is built with warnings enabled for any missed
stack variable initializations, this warning is silenced for
anything passed by reference to another function, under the
occasionally misguided assumption that the function will do
the initialization. As this regularly leads to exploitable
flaws, this plugin is available to identify and zero-initialize
such variables, depending on the chosen level of coverage.
This plugin was originally ported from grsecurity/PaX. More
information at:
* https://grsecurity.net/
* https://pax.grsecurity.net/
menu "Memory initialization"
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
config CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
security: Implement Clang's stack initialization CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL turns on stack initialization based on -ftrivial-auto-var-init in Clang builds, which has greater coverage than CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL. -ftrivial-auto-var-init Clang option provides trivial initializers for uninitialized local variables, variable fields and padding. It has three possible values: pattern - uninitialized locals are filled with a fixed pattern (mostly 0xAA on 64-bit platforms, see https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604 for more details, but 0x000000AA for 32-bit pointers) likely to cause crashes when uninitialized value is used; zero (it's still debated whether this flag makes it to the official Clang release) - uninitialized locals are filled with zeroes; uninitialized (default) - uninitialized locals are left intact. This patch uses only the "pattern" mode when CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL is enabled. Developers have the possibility to opt-out of this feature on a per-variable basis by using __attribute__((uninitialized)), but such use should be well justified in comments. Co-developed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:48:31 -07:00
def_bool $(cc-option,-ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern)
hardening: Remove Clang's enable flag for -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero Now that Clang's -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang option is no longer required, remove it from the command line. Clang 16 and later will warn when it is used, which will cause Kconfig to think it can't use -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero at all. Check for whether it is required and only use it when so. Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: f02003c860d9 ("hardening: Avoid harmless Clang option under CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO") Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2022-09-29 22:57:43 -07:00
config CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_BARE
def_bool $(cc-option,-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero)
config CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER
# Clang 16 and later warn about using the -enable flag, but it
# is required before then.
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
def_bool $(cc-option,-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang)
hardening: Remove Clang's enable flag for -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero Now that Clang's -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang option is no longer required, remove it from the command line. Clang 16 and later will warn when it is used, which will cause Kconfig to think it can't use -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero at all. Check for whether it is required and only use it when so. Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: f02003c860d9 ("hardening: Avoid harmless Clang option under CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO") Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2022-09-29 22:57:43 -07:00
depends on !CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_BARE
config CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
def_bool CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_BARE || CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO_ENABLER
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
choice
prompt "Initialize kernel stack variables at function entry"
default GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL if COMPILE_TEST && GCC_PLUGINS
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
default INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN if COMPILE_TEST && CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
hardening: Avoid harmless Clang option under CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO Currently under Clang, CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO requires an extra -enable flag compared to CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN. GCC 12[1] will not, and will happily ignore the Clang-specific flag. However, its presence on the command-line is both cumbersome and confusing. Due to GCC's tolerant behavior, though, we can continue to use a single Kconfig cc-option test for the feature on both compilers, but then drop the Clang-specific option in the Makefile. In other words, this patch does not change anything other than making the compiler command line shorter once GCC supports -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. [1] https://gcc.gnu.org/git/?p=gcc.git;a=commitdiff;h=a25e0b5e6ac8a77a71c229e0a7b744603365b0e9 Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Fixes: dcb7c0b9461c ("hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init") Suggested-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210914102837.6172-1-will@kernel.org/ Reviewed-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2021-09-14 12:49:03 -07:00
default INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO if CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
default INIT_STACK_NONE
help
This option enables initialization of stack variables at
function entry time. This has the possibility to have the
greatest coverage (since all functions can have their
variables initialized), but the performance impact depends
on the function calling complexity of a given workload's
syscalls.
This chooses the level of coverage over classes of potentially
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
uninitialized variables. The selected class of variable will be
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
initialized before use in a function.
config INIT_STACK_NONE
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
bool "no automatic stack variable initialization (weakest)"
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
help
Disable automatic stack variable initialization.
This leaves the kernel vulnerable to the standard
classes of uninitialized stack variable exploits
and information exposures.
config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_USER
bool "zero-init structs marked for userspace (weak)"
gcc-plugins: Explicitly document purpose and deprecation schedule GCC plugins should only exist when some compiler feature needs to be proven but does not exist in either GCC nor Clang. For example, if a desired feature is already in Clang, it should be added to GCC upstream. Document this explicitly. Additionally, mark the plugins with matching upstream GCC features as removable past their respective GCC versions. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211020173554.38122-2-keescook@chromium.org
2021-10-20 10:35:53 -07:00
# Plugin can be removed once the kernel only supports GCC 12+
depends on GCC_PLUGINS && !CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
select GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
help
Zero-initialize any structures on the stack containing
a __user attribute. This can prevent some classes of
uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
exposures, like CVE-2013-2141:
https://git.kernel.org/linus/b9e146d8eb3b9eca
config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF
bool "zero-init structs passed by reference (strong)"
gcc-plugins: Explicitly document purpose and deprecation schedule GCC plugins should only exist when some compiler feature needs to be proven but does not exist in either GCC nor Clang. For example, if a desired feature is already in Clang, it should be added to GCC upstream. Document this explicitly. Additionally, mark the plugins with matching upstream GCC features as removable past their respective GCC versions. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211020173554.38122-2-keescook@chromium.org
2021-10-20 10:35:53 -07:00
# Plugin can be removed once the kernel only supports GCC 12+
depends on GCC_PLUGINS && !CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
kasan: remove redundant config option CONFIG_KASAN_STACK and CONFIG_KASAN_STACK_ENABLE both enable KASAN stack instrumentation, but we should only need one config, so that we remove CONFIG_KASAN_STACK_ENABLE and make CONFIG_KASAN_STACK workable. see [1]. When enable KASAN stack instrumentation, then for gcc we could do no prompt and default value y, and for clang prompt and default value n. This patch fixes the following compilation warning: include/linux/kasan.h:333:30: warning: 'CONFIG_KASAN_STACK' is not defined, evaluates to 0 [-Wundef] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix merge snafu] Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=210221 [1] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210226012531.29231-1-walter-zh.wu@mediatek.com Fixes: d9b571c885a8 ("kasan: fix KASAN_STACK dependency for HW_TAGS") Signed-off-by: Walter Wu <walter-zh.wu@mediatek.com> Suggested-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-04-16 15:46:00 -07:00
depends on !(KASAN && KASAN_STACK)
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
select GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
help
Zero-initialize any structures on the stack that may
be passed by reference and had not already been
explicitly initialized. This can prevent most classes
of uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
exposures, like CVE-2017-1000410:
https://git.kernel.org/linus/06e7e776ca4d3654
structleak: disable STRUCTLEAK_BYREF in combination with KASAN_STACK The combination of KASAN_STACK and GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF leads to much larger kernel stack usage, as seen from the warnings about functions that now exceed the 2048 byte limit: drivers/media/i2c/tvp5150.c:253:1: error: the frame size of 3936 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes drivers/media/tuners/r820t.c:1327:1: error: the frame size of 2816 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmsmac/phy/phy_n.c:16552:1: error: the frame size of 3144 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes [-Werror=frame-larger-than=] fs/ocfs2/aops.c:1892:1: error: the frame size of 2088 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:737:1: error: the frame size of 2088 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes fs/ocfs2/namei.c:1677:1: error: the frame size of 2584 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes fs/ocfs2/super.c:1186:1: error: the frame size of 2640 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes fs/ocfs2/xattr.c:3678:1: error: the frame size of 2176 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c:7056:1: error: the frame size of 2144 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes [-Werror=frame-larger-than=] net/bluetooth/l2cap_core.c: In function 'l2cap_recv_frame': net/bridge/br_netlink.c:1505:1: error: the frame size of 2448 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/ieee802154/nl802154.c:548:1: error: the frame size of 2232 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/wireless/nl80211.c:1726:1: error: the frame size of 2224 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/wireless/nl80211.c:2357:1: error: the frame size of 4584 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/wireless/nl80211.c:5108:1: error: the frame size of 2760 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes net/wireless/nl80211.c:6472:1: error: the frame size of 2112 bytes is larger than 2048 bytes The structleak plugin was previously disabled for CONFIG_COMPILE_TEST, but meant we missed some bugs, so this time we should address them. The frame size warnings are distracting, and risking a kernel stack overflow is generally not beneficial to performance, so it may be best to disallow that particular combination. This can be done by turning off either one. I picked the dependency in GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF and GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL, as this option is designed to make uninitialized stack usage less harmful when enabled on its own, but it also prevents KASAN from detecting those cases in which it was in fact needed. KASAN_STACK is currently implied by KASAN on gcc, but could be made a user selectable option if we want to allow combining (non-stack) KASAN with GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF. Note that it would be possible to specifically address the files that print the warning, but presumably the overall stack usage is still significantly higher than in other configurations, so this would not address the full problem. I could not test this with CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL, which may or may not suffer from a similar problem. Fixes: 81a56f6dcd20 ("gcc-plugins: structleak: Generalize to all variable types") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20190722114134.3123901-1-arnd@arndb.de Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2019-07-22 04:41:20 -07:00
As a side-effect, this keeps a lot of variables on the
stack that can otherwise be optimized out, so combining
this with CONFIG_KASAN_STACK can lead to a stack overflow
and is disallowed.
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
bool "zero-init everything passed by reference (very strong)"
gcc-plugins: Explicitly document purpose and deprecation schedule GCC plugins should only exist when some compiler feature needs to be proven but does not exist in either GCC nor Clang. For example, if a desired feature is already in Clang, it should be added to GCC upstream. Document this explicitly. Additionally, mark the plugins with matching upstream GCC features as removable past their respective GCC versions. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Marek <michal.lkml@markovi.net> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org> Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Acked-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211020173554.38122-2-keescook@chromium.org
2021-10-20 10:35:53 -07:00
# Plugin can be removed once the kernel only supports GCC 12+
depends on GCC_PLUGINS && !CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
kasan: remove redundant config option CONFIG_KASAN_STACK and CONFIG_KASAN_STACK_ENABLE both enable KASAN stack instrumentation, but we should only need one config, so that we remove CONFIG_KASAN_STACK_ENABLE and make CONFIG_KASAN_STACK workable. see [1]. When enable KASAN stack instrumentation, then for gcc we could do no prompt and default value y, and for clang prompt and default value n. This patch fixes the following compilation warning: include/linux/kasan.h:333:30: warning: 'CONFIG_KASAN_STACK' is not defined, evaluates to 0 [-Wundef] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix merge snafu] Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=210221 [1] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210226012531.29231-1-walter-zh.wu@mediatek.com Fixes: d9b571c885a8 ("kasan: fix KASAN_STACK dependency for HW_TAGS") Signed-off-by: Walter Wu <walter-zh.wu@mediatek.com> Suggested-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-04-16 15:46:00 -07:00
depends on !(KASAN && KASAN_STACK)
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
select GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
help
Zero-initialize any stack variables that may be passed
by reference and had not already been explicitly
initialized. This is intended to eliminate all classes
of uninitialized stack variable exploits and information
exposures.
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
As a side-effect, this keeps a lot of variables on the
stack that can otherwise be optimized out, so combining
this with CONFIG_KASAN_STACK can lead to a stack overflow
and is disallowed.
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
config INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
bool "pattern-init everything (strongest)"
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
depends on CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_PATTERN
security: kmsan: fix interoperability with auto-initialization Heap and stack initialization is great, but not when we are trying uses of uninitialized memory. When the kernel is built with KMSAN, having kernel memory initialization enabled may introduce false negatives. We disable CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO under CONFIG_KMSAN, making it impossible to auto-initialize stack variables in KMSAN builds. We also disable CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON to prevent accidental use of heap auto-initialization. We however still let the users enable heap auto-initialization at boot-time (by setting init_on_alloc=1 or init_on_free=1), in which case a warning is printed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-31-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-15 08:04:04 -07:00
depends on !KMSAN
security: Implement Clang's stack initialization CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL turns on stack initialization based on -ftrivial-auto-var-init in Clang builds, which has greater coverage than CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL. -ftrivial-auto-var-init Clang option provides trivial initializers for uninitialized local variables, variable fields and padding. It has three possible values: pattern - uninitialized locals are filled with a fixed pattern (mostly 0xAA on 64-bit platforms, see https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604 for more details, but 0x000000AA for 32-bit pointers) likely to cause crashes when uninitialized value is used; zero (it's still debated whether this flag makes it to the official Clang release) - uninitialized locals are filled with zeroes; uninitialized (default) - uninitialized locals are left intact. This patch uses only the "pattern" mode when CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL is enabled. Developers have the possibility to opt-out of this feature on a per-variable basis by using __attribute__((uninitialized)), but such use should be well justified in comments. Co-developed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:48:31 -07:00
help
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
Initializes everything on the stack (including padding)
with a specific debug value. This is intended to eliminate
all classes of uninitialized stack variable exploits and
information exposures, even variables that were warned about
having been left uninitialized.
security: Implement Clang's stack initialization CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL turns on stack initialization based on -ftrivial-auto-var-init in Clang builds, which has greater coverage than CONFIG_GCC_PLUGINS_STRUCTLEAK_BYREF_ALL. -ftrivial-auto-var-init Clang option provides trivial initializers for uninitialized local variables, variable fields and padding. It has three possible values: pattern - uninitialized locals are filled with a fixed pattern (mostly 0xAA on 64-bit platforms, see https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604 for more details, but 0x000000AA for 32-bit pointers) likely to cause crashes when uninitialized value is used; zero (it's still debated whether this flag makes it to the official Clang release) - uninitialized locals are filled with zeroes; uninitialized (default) - uninitialized locals are left intact. This patch uses only the "pattern" mode when CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL is enabled. Developers have the possibility to opt-out of this feature on a per-variable basis by using __attribute__((uninitialized)), but such use should be well justified in comments. Co-developed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Tested-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:48:31 -07:00
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
Pattern initialization is known to provoke many existing bugs
related to uninitialized locals, e.g. pointers receive
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
non-NULL values, buffer sizes and indices are very big. The
pattern is situation-specific; Clang on 64-bit uses 0xAA
repeating for all types and padding except float and double
which use 0xFF repeating (-NaN). Clang on 32-bit uses 0xFF
repeating for all types and padding.
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
config INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
bool "zero-init everything (strongest and safest)"
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
depends on CC_HAS_AUTO_VAR_INIT_ZERO
security: kmsan: fix interoperability with auto-initialization Heap and stack initialization is great, but not when we are trying uses of uninitialized memory. When the kernel is built with KMSAN, having kernel memory initialization enabled may introduce false negatives. We disable CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO under CONFIG_KMSAN, making it impossible to auto-initialize stack variables in KMSAN builds. We also disable CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON to prevent accidental use of heap auto-initialization. We however still let the users enable heap auto-initialization at boot-time (by setting init_on_alloc=1 or init_on_free=1), in which case a warning is printed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-31-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-15 08:04:04 -07:00
depends on !KMSAN
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
help
hardening: Clarify Kconfig text for auto-var-init Clarify the details around the automatic variable initialization modes available. Specifically this details the values used for pattern init and expands on the rationale for zero init safety. Additionally makes zero init the default when available. Cc: glider@google.com Cc: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Cc: clang-built-linux@googlegroups.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 14:54:17 -07:00
Initializes everything on the stack (including padding)
with a zero value. This is intended to eliminate all
classes of uninitialized stack variable exploits and
information exposures, even variables that were warned
about having been left uninitialized.
Zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings
(immediately NUL-terminated), pointers (NULL), indices
(index 0), and sizes (0 length), so it is therefore more
suitable as a production security mitigation than pattern
initialization.
security: allow using Clang's zero initialization for stack variables In addition to -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern (used by CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL now) Clang also supports zero initialization for locals enabled by -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero. The future of this flag is still being debated (see https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=45497). Right now it is guarded by another flag, -enable-trivial-auto-var-init-zero-knowing-it-will-be-removed-from-clang, which means it may not be supported by future Clang releases. Another possible resolution is that -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero will persist (as certain users have already started depending on it), but the name of the guard flag will change. In the meantime, zero initialization has proven itself as a good production mitigation measure against uninitialized locals. Unlike pattern initialization, which has a higher chance of triggering existing bugs, zero initialization provides safe defaults for strings, pointers, indexes, and sizes. On the other hand, pattern initialization remains safer for return values. Chrome OS and Android are moving to using zero initialization for production builds. Performance-wise, the difference between pattern and zero initialization is usually negligible, although the generated code for zero initialization is more compact. This patch renames CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL to CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and introduces another config option, CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO, that enables zero initialization for locals if the corresponding flags are supported by Clang. Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200616083435.223038-1-glider@google.com Reviewed-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2020-06-16 01:34:35 -07:00
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
endchoice
config GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK_VERBOSE
bool "Report forcefully initialized variables"
depends on GCC_PLUGIN_STRUCTLEAK
depends on !COMPILE_TEST # too noisy
help
This option will cause a warning to be printed each time the
structleak plugin finds a variable it thinks needs to be
initialized. Since not all existing initializers are detected
by the plugin, this can produce false positive warnings.
security: Move stackleak config to Kconfig.hardening This moves the stackleak plugin options to Kconfig.hardening's memory initialization menu. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 09:04:40 -07:00
config GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK
bool "Poison kernel stack before returning from syscalls"
depends on GCC_PLUGINS
depends on HAVE_ARCH_STACKLEAK
help
This option makes the kernel erase the kernel stack before
returning from system calls. This has the effect of leaving
the stack initialized to the poison value, which both reduces
the lifetime of any sensitive stack contents and reduces
potential for uninitialized stack variable exploits or information
exposures (it does not cover functions reaching the same stack
depth as prior functions during the same syscall). This blocks
most uninitialized stack variable attacks, with the performance
impact being driven by the depth of the stack usage, rather than
the function calling complexity.
The performance impact on a single CPU system kernel compilation
sees a 1% slowdown, other systems and workloads may vary and you
are advised to test this feature on your expected workload before
deploying it.
This plugin was ported from grsecurity/PaX. More information at:
* https://grsecurity.net/
* https://pax.grsecurity.net/
gcc-plugins/stackleak: Provide verbose mode In order to compare instrumentation between builds, make the verbose mode of the plugin available during the build. This is rarely needed (behind EXPERT) and very noisy (disabled for COMPILE_TEST). Cc: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2022-02-06 10:20:08 -07:00
config GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK_VERBOSE
bool "Report stack depth analysis instrumentation" if EXPERT
depends on GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK
depends on !COMPILE_TEST # too noisy
help
This option will cause a warning to be printed each time the
stackleak plugin finds a function it thinks needs to be
instrumented. This is useful for comparing coverage between
builds.
security: Move stackleak config to Kconfig.hardening This moves the stackleak plugin options to Kconfig.hardening's memory initialization menu. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Alexander Popov <alex.popov@linux.com> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 09:04:40 -07:00
config STACKLEAK_TRACK_MIN_SIZE
int "Minimum stack frame size of functions tracked by STACKLEAK"
default 100
range 0 4096
depends on GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK
help
The STACKLEAK gcc plugin instruments the kernel code for tracking
the lowest border of the kernel stack (and for some other purposes).
It inserts the stackleak_track_stack() call for the functions with
a stack frame size greater than or equal to this parameter.
If unsure, leave the default value 100.
config STACKLEAK_METRICS
bool "Show STACKLEAK metrics in the /proc file system"
depends on GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK
depends on PROC_FS
help
If this is set, STACKLEAK metrics for every task are available in
the /proc file system. In particular, /proc/<pid>/stack_depth
shows the maximum kernel stack consumption for the current and
previous syscalls. Although this information is not precise, it
can be useful for estimating the STACKLEAK performance impact for
your workloads.
config STACKLEAK_RUNTIME_DISABLE
bool "Allow runtime disabling of kernel stack erasing"
depends on GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK
help
This option provides 'stack_erasing' sysctl, which can be used in
runtime to control kernel stack erasing for kernels built with
CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK.
mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options Patch series "add init_on_alloc/init_on_free boot options", v10. Provide init_on_alloc and init_on_free boot options. These are aimed at preventing possible information leaks and making the control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. Enabling either of the options guarantees that the memory returned by the page allocator and SL[AU]B is initialized with zeroes. SLOB allocator isn't supported at the moment, as its emulation of kmem caches complicates handling of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU caches correctly. Enabling init_on_free also guarantees that pages and heap objects are initialized right after they're freed, so it won't be possible to access stale data by using a dangling pointer. As suggested by Michal Hocko, right now we don't let the heap users to disable initialization for certain allocations. There's not enough evidence that doing so can speed up real-life cases, and introducing ways to opt-out may result in things going out of control. This patch (of 2): The new options are needed to prevent possible information leaks and make control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. This is expected to be on-by-default on Android and Chrome OS. And it gives the opportunity for anyone else to use it under distros too via the boot args. (The init_on_free feature is regularly requested by folks where memory forensics is included in their threat models.) init_on_alloc=1 makes the kernel initialize newly allocated pages and heap objects with zeroes. Initialization is done at allocation time at the places where checks for __GFP_ZERO are performed. init_on_free=1 makes the kernel initialize freed pages and heap objects with zeroes upon their deletion. This helps to ensure sensitive data doesn't leak via use-after-free accesses. Both init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 guarantee that the allocator returns zeroed memory. The two exceptions are slab caches with constructors and SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU flag. Those are never zero-initialized to preserve their semantics. Both init_on_alloc and init_on_free default to zero, but those defaults can be overridden with CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON. If either SLUB poisoning or page poisoning is enabled, those options take precedence over init_on_alloc and init_on_free: initialization is only applied to unpoisoned allocations. Slowdown for the new features compared to init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0: hackbench, init_on_free=1: +7.62% sys time (st.err 0.74%) hackbench, init_on_alloc=1: +7.75% sys time (st.err 2.14%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +8.38% wall time (st.err 0.39%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +24.42% sys time (st.err 0.52%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: -0.13% wall time (st.err 0.42%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: +0.57% sys time (st.err 0.40%) The slowdown for init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0 compared to the baseline is within the standard error. The new features are also going to pave the way for hardware memory tagging (e.g. arm64's MTE), which will require both on_alloc and on_free hooks to set the tags for heap objects. With MTE, tagging will have the same cost as memory initialization. Although init_on_free is rather costly, there are paranoid use-cases where in-memory data lifetime is desired to be minimized. There are various arguments for/against the realism of the associated threat models, but given that we'll need the infrastructure for MTE anyway, and there are people who want wipe-on-free behavior no matter what the performance cost, it seems reasonable to include it in this series. [glider@google.com: v8] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626121943.131390-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v9] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627130316.254309-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v10] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190628093131.199499-2-glider@google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190617151050.92663-2-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> [page and dmapool parts Acked-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>] Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Sandeep Patil <sspatil@android.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-11 20:59:19 -07:00
config INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON
bool "Enable heap memory zeroing on allocation by default"
security: kmsan: fix interoperability with auto-initialization Heap and stack initialization is great, but not when we are trying uses of uninitialized memory. When the kernel is built with KMSAN, having kernel memory initialization enabled may introduce false negatives. We disable CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO under CONFIG_KMSAN, making it impossible to auto-initialize stack variables in KMSAN builds. We also disable CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON to prevent accidental use of heap auto-initialization. We however still let the users enable heap auto-initialization at boot-time (by setting init_on_alloc=1 or init_on_free=1), in which case a warning is printed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-31-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-15 08:04:04 -07:00
depends on !KMSAN
mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options Patch series "add init_on_alloc/init_on_free boot options", v10. Provide init_on_alloc and init_on_free boot options. These are aimed at preventing possible information leaks and making the control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. Enabling either of the options guarantees that the memory returned by the page allocator and SL[AU]B is initialized with zeroes. SLOB allocator isn't supported at the moment, as its emulation of kmem caches complicates handling of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU caches correctly. Enabling init_on_free also guarantees that pages and heap objects are initialized right after they're freed, so it won't be possible to access stale data by using a dangling pointer. As suggested by Michal Hocko, right now we don't let the heap users to disable initialization for certain allocations. There's not enough evidence that doing so can speed up real-life cases, and introducing ways to opt-out may result in things going out of control. This patch (of 2): The new options are needed to prevent possible information leaks and make control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. This is expected to be on-by-default on Android and Chrome OS. And it gives the opportunity for anyone else to use it under distros too via the boot args. (The init_on_free feature is regularly requested by folks where memory forensics is included in their threat models.) init_on_alloc=1 makes the kernel initialize newly allocated pages and heap objects with zeroes. Initialization is done at allocation time at the places where checks for __GFP_ZERO are performed. init_on_free=1 makes the kernel initialize freed pages and heap objects with zeroes upon their deletion. This helps to ensure sensitive data doesn't leak via use-after-free accesses. Both init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 guarantee that the allocator returns zeroed memory. The two exceptions are slab caches with constructors and SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU flag. Those are never zero-initialized to preserve their semantics. Both init_on_alloc and init_on_free default to zero, but those defaults can be overridden with CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON. If either SLUB poisoning or page poisoning is enabled, those options take precedence over init_on_alloc and init_on_free: initialization is only applied to unpoisoned allocations. Slowdown for the new features compared to init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0: hackbench, init_on_free=1: +7.62% sys time (st.err 0.74%) hackbench, init_on_alloc=1: +7.75% sys time (st.err 2.14%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +8.38% wall time (st.err 0.39%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +24.42% sys time (st.err 0.52%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: -0.13% wall time (st.err 0.42%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: +0.57% sys time (st.err 0.40%) The slowdown for init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0 compared to the baseline is within the standard error. The new features are also going to pave the way for hardware memory tagging (e.g. arm64's MTE), which will require both on_alloc and on_free hooks to set the tags for heap objects. With MTE, tagging will have the same cost as memory initialization. Although init_on_free is rather costly, there are paranoid use-cases where in-memory data lifetime is desired to be minimized. There are various arguments for/against the realism of the associated threat models, but given that we'll need the infrastructure for MTE anyway, and there are people who want wipe-on-free behavior no matter what the performance cost, it seems reasonable to include it in this series. [glider@google.com: v8] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626121943.131390-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v9] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627130316.254309-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v10] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190628093131.199499-2-glider@google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190617151050.92663-2-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> [page and dmapool parts Acked-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>] Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Sandeep Patil <sspatil@android.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-11 20:59:19 -07:00
help
This has the effect of setting "init_on_alloc=1" on the kernel
command line. This can be disabled with "init_on_alloc=0".
When "init_on_alloc" is enabled, all page allocator and slab
allocator memory will be zeroed when allocated, eliminating
many kinds of "uninitialized heap memory" flaws, especially
heap content exposures. The performance impact varies by
workload, but most cases see <1% impact. Some synthetic
workloads have measured as high as 7%.
config INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON
bool "Enable heap memory zeroing on free by default"
security: kmsan: fix interoperability with auto-initialization Heap and stack initialization is great, but not when we are trying uses of uninitialized memory. When the kernel is built with KMSAN, having kernel memory initialization enabled may introduce false negatives. We disable CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_PATTERN and CONFIG_INIT_STACK_ALL_ZERO under CONFIG_KMSAN, making it impossible to auto-initialize stack variables in KMSAN builds. We also disable CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON to prevent accidental use of heap auto-initialization. We however still let the users enable heap auto-initialization at boot-time (by setting init_on_alloc=1 or init_on_free=1), in which case a warning is printed. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220915150417.722975-31-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com> Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Cc: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2022-09-15 08:04:04 -07:00
depends on !KMSAN
mm: security: introduce init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 boot options Patch series "add init_on_alloc/init_on_free boot options", v10. Provide init_on_alloc and init_on_free boot options. These are aimed at preventing possible information leaks and making the control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. Enabling either of the options guarantees that the memory returned by the page allocator and SL[AU]B is initialized with zeroes. SLOB allocator isn't supported at the moment, as its emulation of kmem caches complicates handling of SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU caches correctly. Enabling init_on_free also guarantees that pages and heap objects are initialized right after they're freed, so it won't be possible to access stale data by using a dangling pointer. As suggested by Michal Hocko, right now we don't let the heap users to disable initialization for certain allocations. There's not enough evidence that doing so can speed up real-life cases, and introducing ways to opt-out may result in things going out of control. This patch (of 2): The new options are needed to prevent possible information leaks and make control-flow bugs that depend on uninitialized values more deterministic. This is expected to be on-by-default on Android and Chrome OS. And it gives the opportunity for anyone else to use it under distros too via the boot args. (The init_on_free feature is regularly requested by folks where memory forensics is included in their threat models.) init_on_alloc=1 makes the kernel initialize newly allocated pages and heap objects with zeroes. Initialization is done at allocation time at the places where checks for __GFP_ZERO are performed. init_on_free=1 makes the kernel initialize freed pages and heap objects with zeroes upon their deletion. This helps to ensure sensitive data doesn't leak via use-after-free accesses. Both init_on_alloc=1 and init_on_free=1 guarantee that the allocator returns zeroed memory. The two exceptions are slab caches with constructors and SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU flag. Those are never zero-initialized to preserve their semantics. Both init_on_alloc and init_on_free default to zero, but those defaults can be overridden with CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON and CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON. If either SLUB poisoning or page poisoning is enabled, those options take precedence over init_on_alloc and init_on_free: initialization is only applied to unpoisoned allocations. Slowdown for the new features compared to init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0: hackbench, init_on_free=1: +7.62% sys time (st.err 0.74%) hackbench, init_on_alloc=1: +7.75% sys time (st.err 2.14%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +8.38% wall time (st.err 0.39%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_free=1: +24.42% sys time (st.err 0.52%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: -0.13% wall time (st.err 0.42%) Linux build with -j12, init_on_alloc=1: +0.57% sys time (st.err 0.40%) The slowdown for init_on_free=0, init_on_alloc=0 compared to the baseline is within the standard error. The new features are also going to pave the way for hardware memory tagging (e.g. arm64's MTE), which will require both on_alloc and on_free hooks to set the tags for heap objects. With MTE, tagging will have the same cost as memory initialization. Although init_on_free is rather costly, there are paranoid use-cases where in-memory data lifetime is desired to be minimized. There are various arguments for/against the realism of the associated threat models, but given that we'll need the infrastructure for MTE anyway, and there are people who want wipe-on-free behavior no matter what the performance cost, it seems reasonable to include it in this series. [glider@google.com: v8] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190626121943.131390-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v9] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190627130316.254309-2-glider@google.com [glider@google.com: v10] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190628093131.199499-2-glider@google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190617151050.92663-2-glider@google.com Signed-off-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> [page and dmapool parts Acked-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com>] Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Sandeep Patil <sspatil@android.com> Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-07-11 20:59:19 -07:00
help
This has the effect of setting "init_on_free=1" on the kernel
command line. This can be disabled with "init_on_free=0".
Similar to "init_on_alloc", when "init_on_free" is enabled,
all page allocator and slab allocator memory will be zeroed
when freed, eliminating many kinds of "uninitialized heap memory"
flaws, especially heap content exposures. The primary difference
with "init_on_free" is that data lifetime in memory is reduced,
as anything freed is wiped immediately, making live forensics or
cold boot memory attacks unable to recover freed memory contents.
The performance impact varies by workload, but is more expensive
than "init_on_alloc" due to the negative cache effects of
touching "cold" memory areas. Most cases see 3-5% impact. Some
synthetic workloads have measured as high as 8%.
hardening: Introduce CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS When CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS is enabled, build the kernel with "-fzero-call-used-regs=used-gpr" (in GCC 11). This option will zero any caller-used register contents just before returning from a function, ensuring that temporary values are not leaked beyond the function boundary. This means that register contents are less likely to be available for side channel attacks and information exposures. Additionally this helps reduce the number of useful ROP gadgets in the kernel image by about 20%: $ ROPgadget.py --nosys --nojop --binary vmlinux.stock | tail -n1 Unique gadgets found: 337245 $ ROPgadget.py --nosys --nojop --binary vmlinux.zero-call-regs | tail -n1 Unique gadgets found: 267175 and more notably removes simple "write-what-where" gadgets: $ ROPgadget.py --ropchain --binary vmlinux.stock | sed -n '/Step 1/,/Step 2/p' - Step 1 -- Write-what-where gadgets [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8102d76c mov qword ptr [rsi], rdx ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8104d7c8 pop rdx ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdx, rdx' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff814c2b4c mov qword ptr [rsi], rdi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81001e51 pop rdi ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdi, rdi' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81540d61 mov qword ptr [rsi], rdi ; pop rbx ; pop rbp ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81001e51 pop rdi ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdi, rdi' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8105341e mov qword ptr [rsi], rax ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81029a11 pop rax ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff811f1c3b xor rax, rax ; ret - Step 2 -- Init syscall number gadgets $ ROPgadget.py --ropchain --binary vmlinux.zero* | sed -n '/Step 1/,/Step 2/p' - Step 1 -- Write-what-where gadgets [-] Can't find the 'mov qword ptr [r64], r64' gadget For an x86_64 parallel build tests, this has a less than 1% performance impact, and grows the image size less than 1%: $ size vmlinux.stock vmlinux.zero-call-regs text data bss dec hex filename 22437676 8559152 14127340 45124168 2b08a48 vmlinux.stock 22453184 8563248 14110956 45127388 2b096dc vmlinux.zero-call-regs Impact for other architectures may vary. For example, arm64 sees a 5.5% image size growth, mainly due to needing to always clear x16 and x17: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210510134503.GA88495@C02TD0UTHF1T.local/ Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2021-04-12 19:56:54 -07:00
config CC_HAS_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS
def_bool $(cc-option,-fzero-call-used-regs=used-gpr)
security: Restrict CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS to gcc or clang > 15.0.6 A bad bug in clang's implementation of -fzero-call-used-regs can result in NULL pointer dereferences (see the links above the check for more information). Restrict CONFIG_CC_HAS_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS to either a supported GCC version or a clang newer than 15.0.6, which will catch both a theoretical 15.0.7 and the upcoming 16.0.0, which will both have the bug fixed. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.15+ Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20221214232602.4118147-1-nathan@kernel.org
2022-12-14 16:26:03 -07:00
# https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1766
# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59242
depends on !CC_IS_CLANG || CLANG_VERSION > 150006
hardening: Introduce CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS When CONFIG_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS is enabled, build the kernel with "-fzero-call-used-regs=used-gpr" (in GCC 11). This option will zero any caller-used register contents just before returning from a function, ensuring that temporary values are not leaked beyond the function boundary. This means that register contents are less likely to be available for side channel attacks and information exposures. Additionally this helps reduce the number of useful ROP gadgets in the kernel image by about 20%: $ ROPgadget.py --nosys --nojop --binary vmlinux.stock | tail -n1 Unique gadgets found: 337245 $ ROPgadget.py --nosys --nojop --binary vmlinux.zero-call-regs | tail -n1 Unique gadgets found: 267175 and more notably removes simple "write-what-where" gadgets: $ ROPgadget.py --ropchain --binary vmlinux.stock | sed -n '/Step 1/,/Step 2/p' - Step 1 -- Write-what-where gadgets [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8102d76c mov qword ptr [rsi], rdx ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8104d7c8 pop rdx ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdx, rdx' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff814c2b4c mov qword ptr [rsi], rdi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81001e51 pop rdi ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdi, rdi' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81540d61 mov qword ptr [rsi], rdi ; pop rbx ; pop rbp ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81001e51 pop rdi ; ret [-] Can't find the 'xor rdi, rdi' gadget. Try with another 'mov [reg], reg' [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff8105341e mov qword ptr [rsi], rax ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81000cf5 pop rsi ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff81029a11 pop rax ; ret [+] Gadget found: 0xffffffff811f1c3b xor rax, rax ; ret - Step 2 -- Init syscall number gadgets $ ROPgadget.py --ropchain --binary vmlinux.zero* | sed -n '/Step 1/,/Step 2/p' - Step 1 -- Write-what-where gadgets [-] Can't find the 'mov qword ptr [r64], r64' gadget For an x86_64 parallel build tests, this has a less than 1% performance impact, and grows the image size less than 1%: $ size vmlinux.stock vmlinux.zero-call-regs text data bss dec hex filename 22437676 8559152 14127340 45124168 2b08a48 vmlinux.stock 22453184 8563248 14110956 45127388 2b096dc vmlinux.zero-call-regs Impact for other architectures may vary. For example, arm64 sees a 5.5% image size growth, mainly due to needing to always clear x16 and x17: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210510134503.GA88495@C02TD0UTHF1T.local/ Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2021-04-12 19:56:54 -07:00
config ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS
bool "Enable register zeroing on function exit"
depends on CC_HAS_ZERO_CALL_USED_REGS
help
At the end of functions, always zero any caller-used register
contents. This helps ensure that temporary values are not
leaked beyond the function boundary. This means that register
contents are less likely to be available for side channels
and information exposures. Additionally, this helps reduce the
number of useful ROP gadgets by about 20% (and removes compiler
generated "write-what-where" gadgets) in the resulting kernel
image. This has a less than 1% performance impact on most
workloads. Image size growth depends on architecture, and should
be evaluated for suitability. For example, x86_64 grows by less
than 1%, and arm64 grows by about 5%.
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
endmenu
list: Introduce CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED Numerous production kernel configs (see [1, 2]) are choosing to enable CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST, which is also being recommended by KSPP for hardened configs [3]. The motivation behind this is that the option can be used as a security hardening feature (e.g. CVE-2019-2215 and CVE-2019-2025 are mitigated by the option [4]). The feature has never been designed with performance in mind, yet common list manipulation is happening across hot paths all over the kernel. Introduce CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED, which performs list pointer checking inline, and only upon list corruption calls the reporting slow path. To generate optimal machine code with CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED: 1. Elide checking for pointer values which upon dereference would result in an immediate access fault (i.e. minimal hardening checks). The trade-off is lower-quality error reports. 2. Use the __preserve_most function attribute (available with Clang, but not yet with GCC) to minimize the code footprint for calling the reporting slow path. As a result, function size of callers is reduced by avoiding saving registers before calling the rarely called reporting slow path. Note that all TUs in lib/Makefile already disable function tracing, including list_debug.c, and __preserve_most's implied notrace has no effect in this case. 3. Because the inline checks are a subset of the full set of checks in __list_*_valid_or_report(), always return false if the inline checks failed. This avoids redundant compare and conditional branch right after return from the slow path. As a side-effect of the checks being inline, if the compiler can prove some condition to always be true, it can completely elide some checks. Since DEBUG_LIST is functionally a superset of LIST_HARDENED, the Kconfig variables are changed to reflect that: DEBUG_LIST selects LIST_HARDENED, whereas LIST_HARDENED itself has no dependency on DEBUG_LIST. Running netperf with CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED (using a Clang compiler with "preserve_most") shows throughput improvements, in my case of ~7% on average (up to 20-30% on some test cases). Link: https://r.android.com/1266735 [1] Link: https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/linux/-/blob/main/config [2] Link: https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings [3] Link: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/11/bad-binder-android-in-wild-exploit.html [4] Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230811151847.1594958-3-elver@google.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2023-08-11 08:18:40 -07:00
menu "Hardening of kernel data structures"
config LIST_HARDENED
bool "Check integrity of linked list manipulation"
help
Minimal integrity checking in the linked-list manipulation routines
to catch memory corruptions that are not guaranteed to result in an
immediate access fault.
If unsure, say N.
hardening: Move BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION to hardening options BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION is turning detected corruptions of list data structures from WARNings into BUGs. This can be useful to stop further corruptions or even exploitation attempts. However, the option has less to do with debugging than with hardening. With the introduction of LIST_HARDENED, it makes more sense to move it to the hardening options, where it selects LIST_HARDENED instead. Without this change, combining BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION with LIST_HARDENED alone wouldn't be possible, because DEBUG_LIST would always be selected by BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION. Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230811151847.1594958-4-elver@google.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2023-08-11 08:18:41 -07:00
config BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION
bool "Trigger a BUG when data corruption is detected"
select LIST_HARDENED
help
Select this option if the kernel should BUG when it encounters
data corruption in kernel memory structures when they get checked
for validity.
If unsure, say N.
list: Introduce CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED Numerous production kernel configs (see [1, 2]) are choosing to enable CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST, which is also being recommended by KSPP for hardened configs [3]. The motivation behind this is that the option can be used as a security hardening feature (e.g. CVE-2019-2215 and CVE-2019-2025 are mitigated by the option [4]). The feature has never been designed with performance in mind, yet common list manipulation is happening across hot paths all over the kernel. Introduce CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED, which performs list pointer checking inline, and only upon list corruption calls the reporting slow path. To generate optimal machine code with CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED: 1. Elide checking for pointer values which upon dereference would result in an immediate access fault (i.e. minimal hardening checks). The trade-off is lower-quality error reports. 2. Use the __preserve_most function attribute (available with Clang, but not yet with GCC) to minimize the code footprint for calling the reporting slow path. As a result, function size of callers is reduced by avoiding saving registers before calling the rarely called reporting slow path. Note that all TUs in lib/Makefile already disable function tracing, including list_debug.c, and __preserve_most's implied notrace has no effect in this case. 3. Because the inline checks are a subset of the full set of checks in __list_*_valid_or_report(), always return false if the inline checks failed. This avoids redundant compare and conditional branch right after return from the slow path. As a side-effect of the checks being inline, if the compiler can prove some condition to always be true, it can completely elide some checks. Since DEBUG_LIST is functionally a superset of LIST_HARDENED, the Kconfig variables are changed to reflect that: DEBUG_LIST selects LIST_HARDENED, whereas LIST_HARDENED itself has no dependency on DEBUG_LIST. Running netperf with CONFIG_LIST_HARDENED (using a Clang compiler with "preserve_most") shows throughput improvements, in my case of ~7% on average (up to 20-30% on some test cases). Link: https://r.android.com/1266735 [1] Link: https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/packaging/packages/linux/-/blob/main/config [2] Link: https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings [3] Link: https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2019/11/bad-binder-android-in-wild-exploit.html [4] Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230811151847.1594958-3-elver@google.com Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2023-08-11 08:18:40 -07:00
endmenu
randstruct: Enable Clang support Clang 15 will support randstruct via the -frandomize-layout-seed-file=... option. Update the Kconfig and Makefile to recognize this feature. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-7-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:03 -07:00
config CC_HAS_RANDSTRUCT
def_bool $(cc-option,-frandomize-layout-seed-file=/dev/null)
randstruct: disable Clang 15 support The randstruct support released in Clang 15 is unsafe to use due to a bug that can cause miscompilations: "-frandomize-layout-seed inconsistently randomizes all-function-pointers structs" (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60349). It has been fixed on the Clang 16 release branch, so add a Clang version check. Fixes: 035f7f87b729 ("randstruct: Enable Clang support") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Bill Wendling <morbo@google.com> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230208065133.220589-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
2023-02-07 23:51:33 -07:00
# Randstruct was first added in Clang 15, but it isn't safe to use until
# Clang 16 due to https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/60349
depends on !CC_IS_CLANG || CLANG_VERSION >= 160000
randstruct: Enable Clang support Clang 15 will support randstruct via the -frandomize-layout-seed-file=... option. Update the Kconfig and Makefile to recognize this feature. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-7-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:03 -07:00
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
choice
prompt "Randomize layout of sensitive kernel structures"
randstruct: Enable Clang support Clang 15 will support randstruct via the -frandomize-layout-seed-file=... option. Update the Kconfig and Makefile to recognize this feature. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-7-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:03 -07:00
default RANDSTRUCT_FULL if COMPILE_TEST && (GCC_PLUGINS || CC_HAS_RANDSTRUCT)
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
default RANDSTRUCT_NONE
help
If you enable this, the layouts of structures that are entirely
function pointers (and have not been manually annotated with
__no_randomize_layout), or structures that have been explicitly
marked with __randomize_layout, will be randomized at compile-time.
This can introduce the requirement of an additional information
exposure vulnerability for exploits targeting these structure
types.
Enabling this feature will introduce some performance impact,
slightly increase memory usage, and prevent the use of forensic
tools like Volatility against the system (unless the kernel
source tree isn't cleaned after kernel installation).
randstruct: Move seed generation into scripts/basic/ To enable Clang randstruct support, move the structure layout randomization seed generation out of scripts/gcc-plugins/ into scripts/basic/ so it happens early enough that it can be used by either compiler implementation. The gcc-plugin still builds its own header file, but now does so from the common "randstruct.seed" file. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-6-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:02 -07:00
The seed used for compilation is in scripts/basic/randomize.seed.
It remains after a "make clean" to allow for external modules to
be compiled with the existing seed and will be removed by a
"make mrproper" or "make distclean". This file should not be made
public, or the structure layout can be determined.
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
config RANDSTRUCT_NONE
bool "Disable structure layout randomization"
help
Build normally: no structure layout randomization.
config RANDSTRUCT_FULL
bool "Fully randomize structure layout"
randstruct: Enable Clang support Clang 15 will support randstruct via the -frandomize-layout-seed-file=... option. Update the Kconfig and Makefile to recognize this feature. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-7-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:03 -07:00
depends on CC_HAS_RANDSTRUCT || GCC_PLUGINS
hardening: Adjust dependencies in selection of MODVERSIONS MODVERSIONS recently grew a dependency on !COMPILE_TEST so that Rust could be more easily tested. However, this introduces a Kconfig warning when building allmodconfig with a clang version that supports RANDSTRUCT natively because RANDSTRUCT_FULL and RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE select MODVERSIONS when MODULES is enabled, bypassing the !COMPILE_TEST dependency: WARNING: unmet direct dependencies detected for MODVERSIONS Depends on [n]: MODULES [=y] && !COMPILE_TEST [=y] Selected by [y]: - RANDSTRUCT_FULL [=y] && (CC_HAS_RANDSTRUCT [=y] || GCC_PLUGINS [=n]) && MODULES [=y] Add the !COMPILE_TEST dependency to the selections to clear up the warning. Fixes: 1f9c4a996756 ("Kbuild: make MODVERSIONS support depend on not being a compile test build") Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240928-fix-randstruct-modversions-kconfig-warning-v1-1-27d3edc8571e@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
2024-09-28 11:13:13 -07:00
select MODVERSIONS if MODULES && !COMPILE_TEST
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
help
Fully randomize the member layout of sensitive
structures as much as possible, which may have both a
memory size and performance impact.
randstruct: Enable Clang support Clang 15 will support randstruct via the -frandomize-layout-seed-file=... option. Update the Kconfig and Makefile to recognize this feature. Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-7-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:03 -07:00
One difference between the Clang and GCC plugin
implementations is the handling of bitfields. The GCC
plugin treats them as fully separate variables,
introducing sometimes significant padding. Clang tries
to keep adjacent bitfields together, but with their bit
ordering randomized.
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
config RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE
bool "Limit randomization of structure layout to cache-lines"
depends on GCC_PLUGINS
hardening: Adjust dependencies in selection of MODVERSIONS MODVERSIONS recently grew a dependency on !COMPILE_TEST so that Rust could be more easily tested. However, this introduces a Kconfig warning when building allmodconfig with a clang version that supports RANDSTRUCT natively because RANDSTRUCT_FULL and RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE select MODVERSIONS when MODULES is enabled, bypassing the !COMPILE_TEST dependency: WARNING: unmet direct dependencies detected for MODVERSIONS Depends on [n]: MODULES [=y] && !COMPILE_TEST [=y] Selected by [y]: - RANDSTRUCT_FULL [=y] && (CC_HAS_RANDSTRUCT [=y] || GCC_PLUGINS [=n]) && MODULES [=y] Add the !COMPILE_TEST dependency to the selections to clear up the warning. Fixes: 1f9c4a996756 ("Kbuild: make MODVERSIONS support depend on not being a compile test build") Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240928-fix-randstruct-modversions-kconfig-warning-v1-1-27d3edc8571e@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
2024-09-28 11:13:13 -07:00
select MODVERSIONS if MODULES && !COMPILE_TEST
randstruct: Reorganize Kconfigs and attribute macros In preparation for Clang supporting randstruct, reorganize the Kconfigs, move the attribute macros, and generalize the feature to be named CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT for on/off, CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_FULL for the full randomization mode, and CONFIG_RANDSTRUCT_PERFORMANCE for the cache-line sized mode. Cc: linux-hardening@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220503205503.3054173-4-keescook@chromium.org
2022-05-03 13:55:00 -07:00
help
Randomization of sensitive kernel structures will make a
best effort at restricting randomization to cacheline-sized
groups of members. It will further not randomize bitfields
in structures. This reduces the performance hit of RANDSTRUCT
at the cost of weakened randomization.
endchoice
config RANDSTRUCT
def_bool !RANDSTRUCT_NONE
config GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT
def_bool GCC_PLUGINS && RANDSTRUCT
help
Use GCC plugin to randomize structure layout.
This plugin was ported from grsecurity/PaX. More
information at:
* https://grsecurity.net/
* https://pax.grsecurity.net/
security: Create "kernel hardening" config area Right now kernel hardening options are scattered around various Kconfig files. This can be a central place to collect these kinds of options going forward. This is initially populated with the memory initialization options from the gcc-plugins. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
2019-04-10 08:23:44 -07:00
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