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linux/arch/s390/Makefile

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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# s390/Makefile
#
# This file is included by the global makefile so that you can add your own
# architecture-specific flags and dependencies.
#
# Copyright (C) 1994 by Linus Torvalds
#
LD_BFD := elf64-s390
KBUILD_LDFLAGS := -m elf64_s390
KBUILD_AFLAGS_MODULE += -fPIC
KBUILD_CFLAGS_MODULE += -fPIC
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -m64
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -m64
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fPIC
LDFLAGS_vmlinux := -no-pie --emit-relocs --discard-none
s390: compile relocatable kernel without -fPIE On s390, currently kernel uses the '-fPIE' compiler flag for compiling vmlinux. This has a few problems: - It uses dynamic symbols (.dynsym), for which the linker refuses to allow more than 64k sections. This can break features which use '-ffunction-sections' and '-fdata-sections', including kpatch-build [1] and Function Granular KASLR. - It unnecessarily uses GOT relocations, adding an extra layer of indirection for many memory accesses. Instead of using '-fPIE', resolve all the relocations at link time and then manually adjust any absolute relocations (R_390_64) during boot. This is done by first telling the linker to preserve all relocations during the vmlinux link. (Note this is harmless: they are later stripped in the vmlinux.bin link.) Then use the 'relocs' tool to find all absolute relocations (R_390_64) which apply to allocatable sections. The offsets of those relocations are saved in a special section which is then used to adjust the relocations during boot. (Note: For some reason, Clang occasionally creates a GOT reference, even without '-fPIE'. So Clang-compiled kernels have a GOT, which needs to be adjusted.) On my mostly-defconfig kernel, this reduces kernel text size by ~1.3%. [1] https://github.com/dynup/kpatch/issues/1284 [2] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-June/622872.html [3] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-August/625986.html Compiler consideration: Gcc recently implemented an optimization [2] for loading symbols without explicit alignment, aligning with the IBM Z ELF ABI. This ABI mandates symbols to reside on a 2-byte boundary, enabling the use of the larl instruction. However, kernel linker scripts may still generate unaligned symbols. To address this, a new -munaligned-symbols option has been introduced [3] in recent gcc versions. This option has to be used with future gcc versions. Older Clang lacks support for handling unaligned symbols generated by kernel linker scripts when the kernel is built without -fPIE. However, future versions of Clang will include support for the -munaligned-symbols option. When the support is unavailable, compile the kernel with -fPIE to maintain the existing behavior. In addition to it: move vmlinux.relocs to safe relocation When the kernel is built with CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED, the entire uncompressed vmlinux.bin is positioned in the bzImage decompressor image at the default kernel LMA of 0x100000, enabling it to be executed in-place. However, the size of .vmlinux.relocs could be large enough to cause an overlap with the uncompressed kernel at the address 0x100000. To address this issue, .vmlinux.relocs is positioned after the .rodata.compressed in the bzImage. Nevertheless, in this configuration, vmlinux.relocs will overlap with the .bss section of vmlinux.bin. To overcome that, move vmlinux.relocs to a safe location before clearing .bss and handling relocs. Compile warning fix from Sumanth Korikkar: When kernel is built with CONFIG_LD_ORPHAN_WARN and -fno-PIE, there are several warnings: ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.iplt' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.head.text' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.init.text' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.rodata.cst8' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' Orphan sections are sections that exist in an object file but don't have a corresponding output section in the final executable. ld raises a warning when it identifies such sections. Eliminate the warning by placing all .rela orphan sections in .rela.dyn and raise an error when size of .rela.dyn is greater than zero. i.e. Dont just neglect orphan sections. This is similar to adjustment performed in x86, where kernel is built with -fno-PIE. commit 5354e84598f2 ("x86/build: Add asserts for unwanted sections") [sumanthk@linux.ibm.com: rebased Josh Poimboeuf patches and move vmlinux.relocs to safe location] [hca@linux.ibm.com: merged compile warning fix from Sumanth] Tested-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-4-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-5-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
2024-02-19 06:27:33 -07:00
extra_tools := relocs
aflags_dwarf := -Wa,-gdwarf-2
KBUILD_AFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR := $(CLANG_FLAGS) -m64 -D__ASSEMBLY__
ifndef CONFIG_AS_IS_LLVM
KBUILD_AFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(if $(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO),$(aflags_dwarf))
endif
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR := $(CLANG_FLAGS) -m64 -O2 -mpacked-stack
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING -D__NO_FORTIFY
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -D__DECOMPRESSOR
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -msoft-float -mbackchain
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -ffreestanding
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -fno-stack-protector
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += -fPIE
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(call cc-disable-warning, address-of-packed-member)
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(if $(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO),-g)
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(if $(CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_DWARF4), $(call cc-option, -gdwarf-4,))
2022-06-09 10:11:12 -07:00
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(if $(CONFIG_CC_NO_ARRAY_BOUNDS),-Wno-array-bounds)
UTS_MACHINE := s390x
STACK_SIZE := $(if $(CONFIG_KASAN),65536,$(if $(CONFIG_KMSAN),65536,16384))
CHECKFLAGS += -D__s390__ -D__s390x__
export LD_BFD
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z10) := -march=z10
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z196) := -march=z196
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_ZEC12) := -march=zEC12
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z13) := -march=z13
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z14) := -march=z14
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z15) := -march=z15
mflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z16) := -march=z16
export CC_FLAGS_MARCH := $(mflags-y)
aflags-y += $(mflags-y)
cflags-y += $(mflags-y)
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z10_TUNE) += -mtune=z10
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z196_TUNE) += -mtune=z196
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_ZEC12_TUNE) += -mtune=zEC12
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z13_TUNE) += -mtune=z13
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z14_TUNE) += -mtune=z14
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z15_TUNE) += -mtune=z15
cflags-$(CONFIG_MARCH_Z16_TUNE) += -mtune=z16
cflags-y += -Wa,-I$(srctree)/arch/$(ARCH)/include
#
# Prevent tail-call optimizations, to get clearer backtraces:
#
cflags-$(CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER) += -fno-optimize-sibling-calls
KBUILD_AFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(aflags-y)
KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR += $(cflags-y)
ifneq ($(call cc-option,-mstack-size=8192 -mstack-guard=128),)
CC_FLAGS_CHECK_STACK := -mstack-size=$(STACK_SIZE)
ifeq ($(call cc-option,-mstack-size=8192),)
CC_FLAGS_CHECK_STACK += -mstack-guard=$(CONFIG_STACK_GUARD)
endif
export CC_FLAGS_CHECK_STACK
cflags-$(CONFIG_CHECK_STACK) += $(CC_FLAGS_CHECK_STACK)
endif
ifdef CONFIG_EXPOLINE
ifdef CONFIG_EXPOLINE_EXTERN
CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE := -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern
CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE += -mfunction-return=thunk-extern
else
CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE := -mindirect-branch=thunk
CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE += -mfunction-return=thunk
endif
CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE += -mindirect-branch-table
export CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE
cflags-y += $(CC_FLAGS_EXPOLINE) -DCC_USING_EXPOLINE
aflags-y += -DCC_USING_EXPOLINE
endif
ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
ifeq ($(call cc-option,-mfentry -mnop-mcount),)
# make use of hotpatch feature if the compiler supports it
cc_hotpatch := -mhotpatch=0,3
ifneq ($(call cc-option,$(cc_hotpatch)),)
CC_FLAGS_FTRACE := $(cc_hotpatch)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += -DCC_USING_HOTPATCH
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -DCC_USING_HOTPATCH
endif
endif
endif
# Test CFI features of binutils
cfi := $(call as-instr,.cfi_startproc\n.cfi_val_offset 15$(comma)-160\n.cfi_endproc,-DCONFIG_AS_CFI_VAL_OFFSET=1)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -mpacked-stack -mbackchain -msoft-float $(cflags-y)
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -pipe -Wno-sign-compare
KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables $(cfi)
KBUILD_AFLAGS += $(aflags-y) $(cfi)
export KBUILD_AFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR
export KBUILD_CFLAGS_DECOMPRESSOR
OBJCOPYFLAGS := -O binary
libs-y += arch/s390/lib/
boot := arch/s390/boot
syscalls := arch/s390/kernel/syscalls
tools := arch/s390/tools
all: bzImage
#KBUILD_IMAGE is necessary for packaging targets like rpm-pkg, deb-pkg...
KBUILD_IMAGE := $(boot)/bzImage
install:
$(call cmd,install)
bzImage: vmlinux
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
zfcpdump:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(boot) $(boot)/$@
archheaders:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(syscalls) uapi
archprepare:
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(syscalls) kapi
s390: compile relocatable kernel without -fPIE On s390, currently kernel uses the '-fPIE' compiler flag for compiling vmlinux. This has a few problems: - It uses dynamic symbols (.dynsym), for which the linker refuses to allow more than 64k sections. This can break features which use '-ffunction-sections' and '-fdata-sections', including kpatch-build [1] and Function Granular KASLR. - It unnecessarily uses GOT relocations, adding an extra layer of indirection for many memory accesses. Instead of using '-fPIE', resolve all the relocations at link time and then manually adjust any absolute relocations (R_390_64) during boot. This is done by first telling the linker to preserve all relocations during the vmlinux link. (Note this is harmless: they are later stripped in the vmlinux.bin link.) Then use the 'relocs' tool to find all absolute relocations (R_390_64) which apply to allocatable sections. The offsets of those relocations are saved in a special section which is then used to adjust the relocations during boot. (Note: For some reason, Clang occasionally creates a GOT reference, even without '-fPIE'. So Clang-compiled kernels have a GOT, which needs to be adjusted.) On my mostly-defconfig kernel, this reduces kernel text size by ~1.3%. [1] https://github.com/dynup/kpatch/issues/1284 [2] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-June/622872.html [3] https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2023-August/625986.html Compiler consideration: Gcc recently implemented an optimization [2] for loading symbols without explicit alignment, aligning with the IBM Z ELF ABI. This ABI mandates symbols to reside on a 2-byte boundary, enabling the use of the larl instruction. However, kernel linker scripts may still generate unaligned symbols. To address this, a new -munaligned-symbols option has been introduced [3] in recent gcc versions. This option has to be used with future gcc versions. Older Clang lacks support for handling unaligned symbols generated by kernel linker scripts when the kernel is built without -fPIE. However, future versions of Clang will include support for the -munaligned-symbols option. When the support is unavailable, compile the kernel with -fPIE to maintain the existing behavior. In addition to it: move vmlinux.relocs to safe relocation When the kernel is built with CONFIG_KERNEL_UNCOMPRESSED, the entire uncompressed vmlinux.bin is positioned in the bzImage decompressor image at the default kernel LMA of 0x100000, enabling it to be executed in-place. However, the size of .vmlinux.relocs could be large enough to cause an overlap with the uncompressed kernel at the address 0x100000. To address this issue, .vmlinux.relocs is positioned after the .rodata.compressed in the bzImage. Nevertheless, in this configuration, vmlinux.relocs will overlap with the .bss section of vmlinux.bin. To overcome that, move vmlinux.relocs to a safe location before clearing .bss and handling relocs. Compile warning fix from Sumanth Korikkar: When kernel is built with CONFIG_LD_ORPHAN_WARN and -fno-PIE, there are several warnings: ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.iplt' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.head.text' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.init.text' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' ld: warning: orphan section `.rela.rodata.cst8' from `arch/s390/kernel/head64.o' being placed in section `.rela.dyn' Orphan sections are sections that exist in an object file but don't have a corresponding output section in the final executable. ld raises a warning when it identifies such sections. Eliminate the warning by placing all .rela orphan sections in .rela.dyn and raise an error when size of .rela.dyn is greater than zero. i.e. Dont just neglect orphan sections. This is similar to adjustment performed in x86, where kernel is built with -fno-PIE. commit 5354e84598f2 ("x86/build: Add asserts for unwanted sections") [sumanthk@linux.ibm.com: rebased Josh Poimboeuf patches and move vmlinux.relocs to safe location] [hca@linux.ibm.com: merged compile warning fix from Sumanth] Tested-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com> Acked-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Sumanth Korikkar <sumanthk@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-4-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240219132734.22881-5-sumanthk@linux.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
2024-02-19 06:27:33 -07:00
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=$(tools) kapi $(extra_tools)
ifeq ($(KBUILD_EXTMOD),)
# We need to generate vdso-offsets.h before compiling certain files in kernel/.
# In order to do that, we should use the archprepare target, but we can't since
# asm-offsets.h is included in some files used to generate vdso-offsets.h, and
# asm-offsets.h is built in prepare0, for which archprepare is a dependency.
# Therefore we need to generate the header after prepare0 has been made, hence
# this hack.
prepare: vdso_prepare
vdso_prepare: prepare0
$(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/s390/kernel/vdso64 include/generated/vdso64-offsets.h
$(if $(CONFIG_COMPAT),$(Q)$(MAKE) \
$(build)=arch/s390/kernel/vdso32 include/generated/vdso32-offsets.h)
kbuild: unify vdso_install rules Currently, there is no standard implementation for vdso_install, leading to various issues: 1. Code duplication Many architectures duplicate similar code just for copying files to the install destination. Some architectures (arm, sparc, x86) create build-id symlinks, introducing more code duplication. 2. Unintended updates of in-tree build artifacts The vdso_install rule depends on the vdso files to install. It may update in-tree build artifacts. This can be problematic, as explained in commit 19514fc665ff ("arm, kbuild: make "make install" not depend on vmlinux"). 3. Broken code in some architectures Makefile code is often copied from one architecture to another without proper adaptation. 'make vdso_install' for parisc does not work. 'make vdso_install' for s390 installs vdso64, but not vdso32. To address these problems, this commit introduces a generic vdso_install rule. Architectures that support vdso_install need to define vdso-install-y in arch/*/Makefile. vdso-install-y lists the files to install. For example, arch/x86/Makefile looks like this: vdso-install-$(CONFIG_X86_64) += arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg vdso-install-$(CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI) += arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdsox32.so.dbg vdso-install-$(CONFIG_X86_32) += arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso32.so.dbg vdso-install-$(CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION) += arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso32.so.dbg These files will be installed to $(MODLIB)/vdso/ with the .dbg suffix, if exists, stripped away. vdso-install-y can optionally take the second field after the colon separator. This is needed because some architectures install a vdso file as a different base name. The following is a snippet from arch/arm64/Makefile. vdso-install-$(CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO) += arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/vdso.so.dbg:vdso32.so This will rename vdso.so.dbg to vdso32.so during installation. If such architectures change their implementation so that the base names match, this workaround will go away. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Acked-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com> # s390 Reviewed-by: Nicolas Schier <nicolas@fjasle.eu> Reviewed-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org> Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # parisc Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Acked-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
2023-10-14 03:54:35 -07:00
vdso-install-y += arch/s390/kernel/vdso64/vdso64.so.dbg
vdso-install-$(CONFIG_COMPAT) += arch/s390/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.so.dbg
endif
# Don't use tabs in echo arguments
define archhelp
echo '* bzImage - Kernel image for IPL ($(boot)/bzImage)'
echo ' install - Install kernel using'
echo ' (your) ~/bin/$(INSTALLKERNEL) or'
echo ' (distribution) /sbin/$(INSTALLKERNEL) or'
echo ' install to $$(INSTALL_PATH)'
endef