License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 07:07:57 -07:00
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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/*
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* Code for tracing calls in Linux kernel.
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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* Copyright (C) 2009-2016 Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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*
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* based on code for x86 which is:
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* Copyright (C) 2007-2008 Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com>
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*
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* future possible enhancements:
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* - add CONFIG_STACK_TRACER
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*/
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/ftrace.h>
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parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
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#include <linux/uaccess.h>
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2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
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#include <linux/kprobes.h>
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#include <linux/ptrace.h>
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2021-10-23 11:21:01 -07:00
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#include <linux/jump_label.h>
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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#include <asm/assembly.h>
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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#include <asm/sections.h>
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#include <asm/ftrace.h>
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parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
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#include <asm/patch.h>
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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2020-10-21 19:36:07 -07:00
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#define __hot __section(".text.hot")
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2016-04-29 13:07:31 -07:00
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
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2021-10-23 11:21:01 -07:00
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static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(ftrace_graph_enable);
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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/*
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* Hook the return address and push it in the stack of return addrs
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* in current thread info.
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*/
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2016-04-29 13:07:31 -07:00
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static void __hot prepare_ftrace_return(unsigned long *parent,
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unsigned long self_addr)
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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{
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unsigned long old;
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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extern int parisc_return_to_handler;
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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2014-06-25 07:17:48 -07:00
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if (unlikely(ftrace_graph_is_dead()))
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return;
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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if (unlikely(atomic_read(¤t->tracing_graph_pause)))
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return;
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old = *parent;
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2018-11-18 15:27:43 -07:00
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if (!function_graph_enter(old, self_addr, 0, NULL))
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/* activate parisc_return_to_handler() as return point */
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*parent = (unsigned long) &parisc_return_to_handler;
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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}
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#endif /* CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER */
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2021-10-23 11:21:00 -07:00
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static ftrace_func_t ftrace_func;
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2023-08-10 13:51:54 -07:00
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asmlinkage void notrace __hot ftrace_function_trampoline(unsigned long parent,
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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unsigned long self_addr,
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2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
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unsigned long org_sp_gr3,
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2020-10-28 14:42:17 -07:00
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struct ftrace_regs *fregs)
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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{
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2019-07-23 13:37:51 -07:00
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extern struct ftrace_ops *function_trace_op;
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2021-10-23 11:21:00 -07:00
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ftrace_func(self_addr, parent, function_trace_op, fregs);
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER
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2021-10-23 11:21:01 -07:00
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if (static_branch_unlikely(&ftrace_graph_enable)) {
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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unsigned long *parent_rp;
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/* calculate pointer to %rp in stack */
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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parent_rp = (unsigned long *) (org_sp_gr3 - RP_OFFSET);
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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/* sanity check: parent_rp should hold parent */
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if (*parent_rp != parent)
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return;
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2016-04-13 13:27:22 -07:00
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2009-02-08 16:43:36 -07:00
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prepare_ftrace_return(parent_rp, self_addr);
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return;
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}
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#endif
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}
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2024-02-11 15:43:14 -07:00
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#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE) && defined(CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER)
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parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
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int ftrace_enable_ftrace_graph_caller(void)
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{
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2021-10-23 11:21:01 -07:00
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static_key_enable(&ftrace_graph_enable.key);
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parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
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return 0;
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}
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int ftrace_disable_ftrace_graph_caller(void)
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{
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2021-10-23 11:21:01 -07:00
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static_key_enable(&ftrace_graph_enable.key);
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parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
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return 0;
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}
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#endif
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#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
|
|
|
|
int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
|
|
|
|
{
|
2021-10-23 11:21:00 -07:00
|
|
|
ftrace_func = func;
|
parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
int ftrace_modify_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long old_addr,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
|
|
|
unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
return addr+(FTRACE_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_SIZE-1)*4;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
u32 insn[FTRACE_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_SIZE];
|
|
|
|
u32 *tramp;
|
|
|
|
int size, ret, i;
|
|
|
|
void *ip;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr2 =
|
|
|
|
(unsigned long)dereference_function_descriptor((void *)addr);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
u32 ftrace_trampoline[] = {
|
|
|
|
0x73c10208, /* std,ma r1,100(sp) */
|
|
|
|
0x0c2110c1, /* ldd -10(r1),r1 */
|
|
|
|
0xe820d002, /* bve,n (r1) */
|
|
|
|
addr2 >> 32,
|
|
|
|
addr2 & 0xffffffff,
|
|
|
|
0xe83f1fd7, /* b,l,n .-14,r1 */
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
u32 ftrace_trampoline_unaligned[] = {
|
|
|
|
addr2 >> 32,
|
|
|
|
addr2 & 0xffffffff,
|
|
|
|
0x37de0200, /* ldo 100(sp),sp */
|
|
|
|
0x73c13e01, /* std r1,-100(sp) */
|
|
|
|
0x34213ff9, /* ldo -4(r1),r1 */
|
|
|
|
0x50213fc1, /* ldd -20(r1),r1 */
|
|
|
|
0xe820d002, /* bve,n (r1) */
|
|
|
|
0xe83f1fcf, /* b,l,n .-20,r1 */
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(ftrace_trampoline_unaligned) >
|
|
|
|
FTRACE_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_SIZE);
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
u32 ftrace_trampoline[] = {
|
|
|
|
(u32)addr,
|
|
|
|
0x6fc10080, /* stw,ma r1,40(sp) */
|
|
|
|
0x48213fd1, /* ldw -18(r1),r1 */
|
|
|
|
0xe820c002, /* bv,n r0(r1) */
|
|
|
|
0xe83f1fdf, /* b,l,n .-c,r1 */
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(ftrace_trampoline) >
|
|
|
|
FTRACE_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_SIZE);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
size = sizeof(ftrace_trampoline);
|
|
|
|
tramp = ftrace_trampoline;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
|
|
|
|
if (rec->ip & 0x4) {
|
|
|
|
size = sizeof(ftrace_trampoline_unaligned);
|
|
|
|
tramp = ftrace_trampoline_unaligned;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ip = (void *)(rec->ip + 4 - size);
|
|
|
|
|
2020-06-17 00:37:53 -07:00
|
|
|
ret = copy_from_kernel_nofault(insn, ip, size);
|
parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
|
|
|
if (ret)
|
|
|
|
return ret;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < size / 4; i++) {
|
|
|
|
if (insn[i] != INSN_NOP)
|
|
|
|
return -EINVAL;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__patch_text_multiple(ip, tramp, size);
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod, struct dyn_ftrace *rec,
|
|
|
|
unsigned long addr)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
u32 insn[FTRACE_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_SIZE];
|
|
|
|
int i;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(insn); i++)
|
|
|
|
insn[i] = INSN_NOP;
|
|
|
|
|
parisc: fix race condition in patching code
Assume the following ftrace code sequence that was patched in earlier by
ftrace_make_call():
PAGE A:
ffc: addr of ftrace_caller()
PAGE B:
000: 0x6fc10080 /* stw,ma r1,40(sp) */
004: 0x48213fd1 /* ldw -18(r1),r1 */
008: 0xe820c002 /* bv,n r0(r1) */
00c: 0xe83f1fdf /* b,l,n .-c,r1 */
When a Code sequences that is to be patched spans a page break, we might
have already cleared the part on the PAGE A. If an interrupt is coming in
during the remap of the fixed mapping to PAGE B, it might execute the
patched function with only parts of the FTRACE code cleared. To prevent
this, clear the jump to our mini trampoline first, and clear the remaining
parts after this. This might also happen when patch_text() patches a
function that it calls during remap.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.2+
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-07-23 13:37:54 -07:00
|
|
|
__patch_text((void *)rec->ip, INSN_NOP);
|
parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
|
|
|
__patch_text_multiple((void *)rec->ip + 4 - sizeof(insn),
|
parisc: fix race condition in patching code
Assume the following ftrace code sequence that was patched in earlier by
ftrace_make_call():
PAGE A:
ffc: addr of ftrace_caller()
PAGE B:
000: 0x6fc10080 /* stw,ma r1,40(sp) */
004: 0x48213fd1 /* ldw -18(r1),r1 */
008: 0xe820c002 /* bv,n r0(r1) */
00c: 0xe83f1fdf /* b,l,n .-c,r1 */
When a Code sequences that is to be patched spans a page break, we might
have already cleared the part on the PAGE A. If an interrupt is coming in
during the remap of the fixed mapping to PAGE B, it might execute the
patched function with only parts of the FTRACE code cleared. To prevent
this, clear the jump to our mini trampoline first, and clear the remaining
parts after this. This might also happen when patch_text() patches a
function that it calls during remap.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.2+
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-07-23 13:37:54 -07:00
|
|
|
insn, sizeof(insn)-4);
|
parisc: add dynamic ftrace
This patch implements dynamic ftrace for PA-RISC. The required mcount
call sequences can get pretty long, so instead of patching the
whole call sequence out of the functions, we are using
-fpatchable-function-entry from gcc. This puts a configurable amount of
NOPS before/at the start of the function. Taking do_sys_open() as example,
which would look like this when the call is patched out:
1036b248: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b24c: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b250: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b254: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: 08 00 02 40 nop
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
When ftrace gets enabled for this function the kernel will patch these
NOPs to:
1036b248: 10 19 57 20 <address of ftrace>
1036b24c: 6f c1 00 80 stw,ma r1,40(sp)
1036b250: 48 21 3f d1 ldw -18(r1),r1
1036b254: e8 20 c0 02 bv,n r0(r1)
1036b258 <do_sys_open>:
1036b258: e8 3f 1f df b,l,n .-c,r1
1036b25c: 08 03 02 41 copy r3,r1
1036b260: 6b c2 3f d9 stw rp,-14(sp)
1036b264: 08 1e 02 43 copy sp,r3
1036b268: 6f c1 01 00 stw,ma r1,80(sp)
So the first NOP in do_sys_open() will be patched to jump backwards into
some minimal trampoline code which pushes a stackframe, saves r1 which
holds the return address, loads the address of the real ftrace function,
and branches to that location. For 64 Bit things are getting a bit more
complicated (and longer) because we must make sure that the address of
ftrace location is 8 byte aligned, and the offset passed to ldd for
fetching the address is 8 byte aligned as well.
Note that gcc has a bug which misplaces the function label, and needs a
patch to make dynamic ftrace work. See
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=90751 for details.
Signed-off-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
2019-06-05 13:32:22 -07:00
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES_ON_FTRACE
|
|
|
|
void kprobe_ftrace_handler(unsigned long ip, unsigned long parent_ip,
|
2020-10-28 14:42:17 -07:00
|
|
|
struct ftrace_ops *ops, struct ftrace_regs *fregs)
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
|
2020-10-28 14:42:17 -07:00
|
|
|
struct pt_regs *regs;
|
2020-11-05 19:32:40 -07:00
|
|
|
struct kprobe *p;
|
|
|
|
int bit;
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
|
kprobe/ftrace: bail out if ftrace was killed
If an error happens in ftrace, ftrace_kill() will prevent disarming
kprobes. Eventually, the ftrace_ops associated with the kprobes will be
freed, yet the kprobes will still be active, and when triggered, they
will use the freed memory, likely resulting in a page fault and panic.
This behavior can be reproduced quite easily, by creating a kprobe and
then triggering a ftrace_kill(). For simplicity, we can simulate an
ftrace error with a kernel module like [1]:
[1]: https://github.com/brenns10/kernel_stuff/tree/master/ftrace_killer
sudo perf probe --add commit_creds
sudo perf trace -e probe:commit_creds
# In another terminal
make
sudo insmod ftrace_killer.ko # calls ftrace_kill(), simulating bug
# Back to perf terminal
# ctrl-c
sudo perf probe --del commit_creds
After a short period, a page fault and panic would occur as the kprobe
continues to execute and uses the freed ftrace_ops. While ftrace_kill()
is supposed to be used only in extreme circumstances, it is invoked in
FTRACE_WARN_ON() and so there are many places where an unexpected bug
could be triggered, yet the system may continue operating, possibly
without the administrator noticing. If ftrace_kill() does not panic the
system, then we should do everything we can to continue operating,
rather than leave a ticking time bomb.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240501162956.229427-1-stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com/
Signed-off-by: Stephen Brennan <stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Guo Ren <guoren@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
2024-05-01 09:29:56 -07:00
|
|
|
if (unlikely(kprobe_ftrace_disabled))
|
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
2020-11-05 19:32:46 -07:00
|
|
|
bit = ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(ip, parent_ip);
|
2020-11-05 19:32:40 -07:00
|
|
|
if (bit < 0)
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
return;
|
|
|
|
|
2020-10-28 14:42:17 -07:00
|
|
|
regs = ftrace_get_regs(fregs);
|
2020-11-05 19:32:40 -07:00
|
|
|
p = get_kprobe((kprobe_opcode_t *)ip);
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(!p) || kprobe_disabled(p))
|
|
|
|
goto out;
|
|
|
|
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
if (kprobe_running()) {
|
|
|
|
kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
|
2020-11-05 19:32:40 -07:00
|
|
|
goto out;
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
|
|
|
|
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
regs->iaoq[0] = ip;
|
|
|
|
regs->iaoq[1] = ip + 4;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (!p->pre_handler || !p->pre_handler(p, regs)) {
|
|
|
|
regs->iaoq[0] = ip + 4;
|
|
|
|
regs->iaoq[1] = ip + 8;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (unlikely(p->post_handler)) {
|
|
|
|
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
|
|
|
|
p->post_handler(p, regs, 0);
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, NULL);
|
2020-11-05 19:32:40 -07:00
|
|
|
out:
|
|
|
|
ftrace_test_recursion_unlock(bit);
|
2019-07-23 13:37:52 -07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(kprobe_ftrace_handler);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
int arch_prepare_kprobe_ftrace(struct kprobe *p)
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
p->ainsn.insn = NULL;
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#endif
|