AdGuardHome/HACKING.md

 #  AdGuardHome Developer Guidelines

As of **2020-11-12**, this document is still a work-in-progress.  Some of the
rules aren't enforced, and others might change.  Still, this is a good place to
find out about how we **want** our code to look like.

##  Git

 *  Follow the commit message header format:

    ```none
    pkg: fix the network error logging issue
    ```

    Where `pkg` is the package where most changes took place.  If there are
    several such packages, just write `all`.

 *  Keep your commit messages to be no wider than eighty (**80**) columns.

 *  Only use lowercase letters in your commit message headers.

##  Go

 *  <https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/CodeReviewComments>.

 *  <https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/TestComments>.

 *  <https://go-proverbs.github.io/>

 *  Avoid `init` and use explicit initialization functions instead.

 *  Avoid `new`, especially with structs.

 *  Document everything, including unexported top-level identifiers, to build
    a habit of writing documentation.

 *  Don't put variable names into any kind of quotes.

 *  Don't use naked `return`s.

 *  Don't use underscores in file and package names, unless they're build tags
    or for tests.  This is to prevent accidental build errors with weird tags.

 *  Don't write code with more than four (**4**) levels of indentation.  Just
    like [Linus said], plus an additional level for an occasional error check or
    struct initialization.

 *  Eschew external dependencies, including transitive, unless
    absolutely necessary.

 *  No `goto`.

 *  No shadowing, since it can often lead to subtle bugs, especially with
    errors.

 *  Prefer constants to variables where possible.  Reduce global variables.  Use
    [constant errors] instead of `errors.New`.

 *  Put comments above the documented entity, **not** to the side, to improve
    readability.

 *  Use `gofumpt --extra -s`.

    **TODO(a.garipov):** Add to the linters.

 *  Use linters.

 *  Use named returns to improve readability of function signatures.

 *  When a method implements an interface, start the doc comment with the
    standard template:

    ```go
    // Foo implements the Fooer interface for *foo.
    func (f *foo) Foo() {
        // …
    }
    ```

 *  Write logs and error messages in lowercase only to make it easier to `grep`
    logs and error messages without using the `-i` flag.

 *  Write slices of struct like this:

    ```go
    ts := []T{{
            Field: Value0,
            // …
    }, {
            Field: Value1,
            // …
    }, {
            Field: Value2,
            // …
    }}
    ```

[constant errors]: https://dave.cheney.net/2016/04/07/constant-errors
[Linus said]:      https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/process/coding-style.html#indentation

##  Text, Including Comments

 *  Text should wrap at eighty (**80**) columns to be more readable, to use
    a common standard, and to allow editing or diffing side-by-side without
    wrapping.

    The only exception are long hyperlinks.

 *  Use U.S. English, as it is the most widely used variety of English in the
    code right now as well as generally.

 *  Use double spacing between sentences to make sentence borders more clear.

 *  Use the serial comma (a.k.a. Oxford comma) to improve comprehension,
    decrease ambiguity, and use a common standard.

 *  Write todos like this:

    ```go
    // TODO(usr1): Fix the frobulation issue.
    ```

    Or, if several people need to look at the code:

    ```go
    // TODO(usr1, usr2): Fix the frobulation issue.
    ```

##  Markdown

 *  **TODO(a.garipov):** Define our Markdown conventions.

##  YAML

 *  **TODO(a.garipov):** Find a YAML formatter or write our own.

 *  All strings, including keys, must be quoted.  Reason: the [NO-rway Law].

 *  Indent with two (**2**) spaces.

 *  No extra indentation in multiline arrays:

    ```yaml
    'values':
    - 'value-1'
    - 'value-2'
    - 'value-3'
    ```

 *  Prefer single quotes for string to prevent accidental escaping, unless
    escaping is required.

[NO-rway Law]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17359376